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Note 5 - Derivatives and Hedging Activities | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Notes to Financial Statements |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Text Block] | NOTE 5 – DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITES The Company uses derivative financial instruments as components of its market risk management, principally to manage interest rate risk. Certain derivatives may be entered into in connection with transactions with commercial customers. Derivatives are not used for speculative purposes. All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, reported at fair value and presented on a gross basis. Until a derivative is settled, a favorable change in fair value results in an unrealized gain that is recognized as an asset, while an unfavorable change in fair value results in an unrealized loss that is recognized as a liability. The Company generally applies hedge accounting to its derivatives used for market risk management purposes. Hedge accounting is permitted only if specific criteria are met, including a requirement that a highly effective relationship exists between the derivative instrument and the hedged item, both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis. Changes in the fair value of effective fair value hedges are recognized in current earnings (with the change in fair value of the hedged asset or liability also recognized in earnings). Changes in the fair value of effective cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) until earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the designated hedged item. Ineffective portions of hedge results are recognized in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives for which hedge accounting is not applied are recognized in current earnings. The Company formally documents at inception all relationships between the derivative instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as hedges to specific assets and liabilities, or to specific firm commitments. The Company also formally assesses, both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective or has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, the Company would discontinue hedge accounting prospectively. Gains or losses resulting from the termination of a derivative accounted for as a cash flow hedge remain in other comprehensive income (loss) and is (accreted) amortized to earnings over the remaining period of the former hedging relationship. Certain derivative financial instruments are offered to certain commercial banking customers to manage their risk of exposure and risk management strategies. These derivative instruments consist primarily of currency forward contracts and interest rate swap contracts. The risk associated with these transactions is mitigated by simultaneously entering into similar transactions having essentially offsetting terms with a third party, i.e. back-to-back swaps. In addition, the Company executes interest rate swaps with third parties in order to hedge the interest rate risk of short-term FHLB advances. Interest Rate Swaps. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had six cash flow interest rate swaps with notional amounts of $85.0 million and five cash flow interest rate swaps with notional amounts of $65.0 million, respectively, which were used in hedging certain FHLB advances and brokered deposits. The Company also had two fair value interest rate swaps with notional amounts of $60.0 million hedging certain fixed-rate residential loans. These interest rate swaps meet the hedge accounting requirements. Changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are recorded in comprehensive income. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount, which converts variable-rate liabilities to a fixed rate. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreement without the exchange of the underlying notional amount, which convert fixed-rate assets into a variable rate. The fair value hedges are recorded as components of other assets and other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated statement of financial condition. Changes in fair value of the fair value hedges are recorded against the basis of the asset or liability being hedged. The gain or loss on these derivatives, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in interest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at September 30, 2025:
|  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  |  |  |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Hedge Type |  | Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition |  | Fair Value |  |  | Fair Value |
Interest rate swaps |  | Cash Flow |  | Other (Liabilities) Assets |  | $ | (187,703 | ) |  | $ | 651,340 |
Interest rate swaps |  | Fair Value |  | Other (Liabilities) Assets |  | $ | (184,691 | ) |  | $ | 109,594 |
Interest rate swaps |  | Fair Value |  | Loans, net |  | $ | 236,297 |  |  | $ | (83,173 | )
Total derivative instruments |  | $ | (136,097 | ) |  | $ | 677,761 |
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, unrealized gains of $121,000 and $603,000 were recorded for changes in fair value of interest rate swaps with third parties and at September 30, 2025, accrued interest was $98,000, after-tax. The Company has agreements with counterparties that contain a provision that if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default of its derivative obligations. During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the net effect on interest expense on the Federal Home Loan Bank advances and certificates of deposit was a reduced expense of $205,000 and $498,000, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the net effect on interest expense on the Federal Home Loan Bank advances and certificates of deposit was a reduced expense of $568,000 and $1.2 million, respectively.

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