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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and the variable interest entities (“VIE”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. See Note 11 for additional information regarding these entities. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. This report has been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and reflects all adjustments, which in the opinion of management are necessary for the fair presentation of the results for the interim periods, on a basis consistent with the annual audited consolidated financial statements. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. Certain information, accounting policies and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Unless otherwise indicated, information in these notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements relates to continuing operations. Certain of our operations have been presented as discontinued. See Note 3 for further information. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the summary of significant accounting policies and notes thereto included in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. Reclassifications Certain prior period balances in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been combined or reclassified to conform to current period presentation. There was no impact on previously reported total assets, total liabilities, net loss or equity for the periods presented. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Restricted cash at September 30, 2025 consisted of amounts held in escrow related to the sale of certain of our infrastructure subsidiaries as discussed in Note 3 and amounts held by the Company’s lender as collateral for a letter of credit. Restricted cash at December 31, 2024 consisted of amounts held by the Company’s lender as collateral for a letter of credit. The following table provides a reconciliation of “cash and cash equivalents” and “restricted cash” reported on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):
|  | September 30, |  | December 31,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 98,167 |  |  | $ | 60,845 |
Restricted cash |  | 29,461 |  |  | 19,359 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows |  | $ | 127,628 |  |  | $ | 80,204 |
Marketable Securities The Company considers all of its marketable publicly held securities as available for use in current operations, and therefore classifies these securities within current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Securities are carried at fair value, with the change in unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported within “other (expense) income, net” on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) until realized. Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable include amounts due from customers for services performed or goods sold. The Company grants credit to customers in the ordinary course of business and generally does not require collateral. Prior to granting credit to customers, the Company analyzes the potential customer’s risk profile by utilizing a credit report, analyzing macroeconomic factors and using its knowledge of the industry, among other factors. Customer balances are generally considered delinquent if unpaid by the due date, which generally ranges from 30 to 60 days following the invoice date, and credit privileges may be revoked if balances remain unpaid. Interest on delinquent trade accounts receivable is recognized in “other (expense) income”, net on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) when chargeable and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company regularly reviews receivables and provides for expected losses through an allowance for expected credit losses. In evaluating the level of established reserves, the Company makes judgments regarding its customers’ ability to make required payments, economic events and other factors. As the financial condition of customers changes, circumstances develop, or additional information becomes available, adjustments to the allowance for expected credit losses may be required. In the event the Company expects that a customer may not be able to make required payments, the Company would increase the allowance through a charge to income in the period in which that determination is made. If it is determined that previously reserved amounts are collectible, the Company would decrease the allowance through a credit to income in the period in which that determination is made. Uncollectible accounts receivable are periodically charged against the allowance for expected credit losses once a final determination is made regarding their collectability. Following is a rollforward of the changes in our allowance for expected credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 (in thousands):
Balance, December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 171,264 |
Change in provision for expected credit losses before recoveries |  | 121 |
Recoveries of receivables previously charged to credit loss expense |  | (84) |
Write-offs charged against the provision |  | (368) |
Balance, September 30, 2025 |  | $ | 170,933 |
The Company has made specific reserves consistent with Company policy which resulted in additions to allowance for expected credit losses totaling $0.1 million and $171.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These additions were charged to credit loss expense, which is included in “selling, general and administrative” on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and other expense, which is included in “other (expense) income, net” on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) based on the factors described above. PREPA During the period October 2017 through March 2019, the Company provided infrastructure services in Puerto Rico under master services agreements entered into by Cobra Acquisitions LLC (“Cobra”), one of the Company’s subsidiaries, with the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (“PREPA”) to perform repairs to PREPA’s electrical grid as a result of Hurricane Maria. PREPA is currently subject to bankruptcy proceedings, which were filed in July 2017 and are currently pending in the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico (the “Title III Court”). On July 22, 2024, Cobra entered into a release and settlement agreement with PREPA and the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (the “FOMB”), in its capacity as Title III representative for PREPA, to settle all outstanding matters between Cobra and PREPA (the “Settlement Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Settlement Agreement, PREPA paid Cobra approximately $168.4 million in 2024 and, as of September 30, 2025, PREPA owes Cobra $20.0 million, which is payable within seven days following the effective date of PREPA’s plan of adjustment in its bankruptcy proceedings. Complete performance of the Settlement Agreement is not met until PREPA satisfies the remaining $20.0 million payment. Therefore, the Company recorded $170.7 million as an allowance for expected credit losses as a result of the Settlement Agreement during 2024. Refer to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, previously filed with the SEC for more information regarding the Settlement Agreement. Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents in excess of federally insured limits, marketable securities and trade receivables. Following is a summary of our significant customers based on percentages of total accounts receivable, net balances at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and percentages of total revenue derived for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:
| REVENUE |  | ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | At September 30, | At December 31,
| 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024 |  | 2025 | 2024
Customer A(a) | 22 | % | 20 | % |  | 21 | % | 24 | % |  | 4 | % | 3 | %
Customer B(b) | 8 | % | 14 | % |  | 15 | % | 12 | % |  | 1 | % | 3 | %
Customer C(c) | — | % | — | % |  | — | % | — | % |  | 48 | % | 46 | %
(a)Revenue and the related accounts receivable balances earned from Customer A were derived from the Company’s infrastructure services segment. (b)Revenue and the related accounts receivable balances earned from Customer B were derived from the Company’s natural sand proppant services segment. (c)The accounts receivable balance with Customer C was derived from the Company’s other services. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of input, which are listed below. The first two are considered observable and the third is considered unobservable. Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets as of the reporting date. Level 2 - Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data. These are inputs other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data and may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. There were no transfers into, or out of, the three levels of fair value hierarchy for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable as well as financing and operating lease obligations and financed insurance premium obligations. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated fair value on September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 due to their short-term nature. The carrying values of amounts outstanding under financing and operating lease obligations and financed insurance premium obligations approximated fair value on September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, as the effective borrowing rates approximated market rates. Recurring Measurements The fair value of the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities are measured on a recurring basis are carried at estimated fair value. Cash equivalents consist of money market accounts and treasury bills which the Company has classified as Level 1 given the active market for these assets. Marketable securities are presented and are also classified as Level 1 due to their quoted prices in active markets. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at fair value of $103.2 million and $56.5 million, respectively. Nonrecurring Measurements The Company estimates fair value to perform impairment tests on long-lived assets including property, plant and equipment. The inputs used to determine such fair value may be based on internally developed cash flow models or market appraisals, both of which would generally be classified within Level 3 in the event that such assets were required to be measured and recorded at fair value. As discussed in Note 6, the Company changed the classification of certain of its natural sand proppant assets from held for use to held for sale during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, which required the Company to estimate the fair value of such assets using Level 3 inputs described above. The Company determined that the carrying value of these natural sand proppant assets exceeded the fair value and, therefore, recognized impairment expense of $31.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. As discussed in Note 6, the Company changed the classification of its drilling rig assets from held for use to held for sale during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, which required the Company to estimate the fair value of such assets using Level 3 inputs described above. The Company determined that the fair value of its drilling rig assets exceeding the carrying value and, therefore, no impairment was recognized. At December 31, 2024, certain of the Company’s assets used in its other services were triggered for impairment based on their operating cash flows. The Company used Level 3 inputs described above to estimate the fair value of these assets and determined the fair value exceeded the carrying value and, therefore, no impairment was recognized at December 31, 2024. New Accounting Pronouncements In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”, which requires the annual financial statements to include consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied on a prospective basis, with a retrospective option. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”, which requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied either on a prospective basis or retrospective basis. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets”, which amends ASC 326-20 to provide a practical expedient for all entities when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets that arise from transactions accounted for under ASC 606. The practical expedient assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. ASU 2025-05 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-1 + Details
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