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Warrants and Derivative Liabilities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Warrants And Derivative Liabilities [Abstract] |
Warrants and Derivative Liabilities | 3. Warrants and Derivative Liabilities Warrants There are significant judgments and estimates inherent in the determination of the fair value of the Company’s warrants. These judgments and estimates include assumptions regarding the Company’s future operating performance, the time to completing a liquidity event and the determination of the appropriate valuation methods. If the Company had made different assumptions, the fair value of the warrants could have been significantly different (See Note 2). Warrants vested and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 are summarized as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Number of Warrants |
|  | Exercise |  |  | Term |  |  | Vested and |
Source |  | Price |  |  | (Years) |  |  | Outstanding |
Pre 2015 Common Stock Warrants |  | $ | 1.00 |  |  | 6—10 |  |  |  | 1,110,000 |
2015 Common Stock Warrants |  | $ | 5.00 |  |  | 5—10 |  |  |  | 100,000 |
2016 Common Stock Warrants to Service Providers |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 40,000 |
2016 Series C Common Stock Warrants to Placement Agent |  | $ | 0.40 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 125,000 |
2017 Series D Common Stock Warrants to Placement Agent |  | $ | 0.25 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 480,000 |
2017 Common Stock Warrants to Service Provider |  | $ | 0.41 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 125,000 |
2018 Emerald Financing Warrants |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 3,400,000 |
Emerald Multi-Draw Credit Agreement Warrants |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 7,500,000 |
2019 Common Stock Warrants |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 8,000,000 |
2020 Common Stock Warrants |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 116,666,668 |
2020 Common Stock Warrants to Placement Agent |  | $ | 0.075 |  |  |  | 4.99 |  |  |  | 8,166,667 |
2020 Pre-Funded Warrants |  | $ | 0.001 |  |  | Indefinite |  |  |  | 11,800,000 |
Total warrants vested and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 157,513,335 |
August 2020 Financing Warrants In connection with the August 2020 Financing (Note 5), the Company issued 116,666,668 common stock warrants, 8,166,667 common stock warrants to the placement agent and 60,333,334 pre-funded warrants. The warrants were equity classified at issuance and of the $6,939,667 in gross proceeds, the Company allocated $2,767,767 and $2,146,997 of the gross proceeds to the common stock warrants and pre-funded warrants on a relative fair value basis, respectively. The remaining $2,024,903 was allocated to the common stock. The warrants issued to the placement agent were valued at $261,333 and recorded as equity issuance costs within equity. The warrants vested immediately and were valued utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
|  | Common Stock Warrants |  |  | Pre-funded Warrants |  |  | Placement Agent Warrants |
Dividend yield |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | %
Volatility factor |  |  | 91.64 | % |  |  | 93.86 | % |  |  | 91.64 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 0.19 | % |  |  | 0.52 | % |  |  | 0.19 | %
Expected term (years) |  |  | 5.0 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 4.99 |
Underlying common stock price |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |
2019 Common Stock Warrants During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued 8,000,000 fully vested common stock warrants to investors, in conjunction with the November 2019 Common Stock Offering discussed below (See Note 5). The warrants are equity classified at issuance and the Company allocated an aggregate of $722,208 of the gross proceeds to the warrants on a relative fair value basis. The warrants vested immediately and had an estimated aggregate fair value of $1,130,400 utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
|  | At Issuance |
Dividend yield |  |  | 0.00 | %
Volatility factor |  |  | 93.08 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 1.62 | %
Expected term (years) |  |  | 5.0 |
Underlying common stock price |  | $ | 0.22 |
Emerald Multi-Draw Credit Agreement Warrants During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued 5,000,000 fully vested common stock warrants to Emerald Health Sciences, in conjunction with advances under the Credit Agreement discussed below (See Note 4). The warrants are equity classified at issuance and the Company allocated an aggregate of $716,110 of the gross proceeds to the warrants on a relative fair value basis. The proceeds allocated to the warrants were recorded as discounts to each advance and are being amortized over the term of the debt. The warrants vested immediately and had an estimated aggregate fair value of $1,830,573 utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
|  | At Issuance |
Dividend yield |  |  | 0.00 | %
Volatility factor |  | 91.6—92.1 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  | 2.23—2.51 | %
Expected term (years) |  |  | 5.0 |
Underlying common stock price |  | $0.33—0.69 |
Derivative Liabilities The following tables summarize the activity of derivative liabilities for the periods indicated:
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
|  | December 31, 2019, Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities |  |  | Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities Issued |  |  | Change in Fair value of Liabilities |  |  | Reclassification of Derivatives to Equity |  |  | December 31, 2020, Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities |
Emerald Multi-Draw Credit Agreement - compound derivative liability (1) |  | $ | 90,797 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (90,797 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Emerald Financing - warrant liability (2) |  |  | 276,024 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (237,457 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38,567 |
Series B - warrant liability (3) |  |  | 134,579 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (108,016 | ) |  |  | (26,563 | ) |  |  | — |
Total derivative liabilities |  | $ | 501,400 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (436,270 | ) |  | $ | (26,563 | ) |  | $ | 38,567 |
Less, noncurrent portion of derivative liabilities |  |  | (90,797 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Current balance of derivative liabilities |  | $ | 410,603 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 38,567 |
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
|  | December 31, 2018, Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities |  |  | Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities Issued |  |  | Change in Fair value of Liabilities |  |  | Reclassification of Derivatives to Equity or Extinguishment |  |  | December 31, 2019, Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities |
Emerald Multi-Draw Credit Agreement - compound derivative liability (1) |  | $ | 219,453 |  |  | $ | 516,058 |  |  | $ | (484,147 | ) |  | $ | (160,567 | )* |  | $ | 90,797 |
Emerald Financing - warrant liability (2) |  |  | 15,251,413 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,042,066 | ) |  |  | (5,933,323 | ) |  |  | 276,024 |
Series B - warrant liability (3) |  |  | 487,500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (208,546 | ) |  |  | (144,375 | ) |  |  | 134,579 |
Total derivative liabilities |  | $ | 15,958,366 |  |  | $ | 516,058 |  |  | $ | (9,734,759 | ) |  | $ | (6,238,265 | ) |  | $ | 501,400 |
Less, noncurrent portion of derivative liabilities |  |  | (219,453 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (90,797 | )
Current balance of derivative liabilities |  | $ | 15,738,913 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 410,603 |
*This amount has been included in the calculation of the extinguishment loss recorded in connection with the prepayment of the Emerald Credit Agreement as described in Note 4 below. Emerald Multi-Draw Credit Agreement Compound Derivative Liability (1) In connection with the advances under the Credit Agreement (See Note 4), the Company bifurcated a compound derivative liability related to a contingent interest feature and acceleration upon default provision (contingent put option) provided to Emerald Health Sciences. The Company’s estimate of fair value of the compound derivative liability was determined by using a differential cash flows valuation model, wherein the fair value of the underlying debt facility and its conversion right are estimated both with and without the presence of the contingent interest feature, holding all other assumptions constant. The resulting difference between the estimated fair values in both scenarios is the estimated fair value of the compound derivative. The fair value of the underlying debt facility was estimated by calculating the expected cash flows with consideration of the estimated probability of a change in control transaction, defined as an event of default by the agreement, and applying the expected default interest rate from the date of such default through maturity. The expected cash flows are then discounted back to the reporting date using a benchmark market yield. The conversion right component of the compound derivative was measured using a standard Black-Scholes Option Pricing model for each payment period. On April 29, 2020, the Company entered into the Amended Credit Agreement which removed the change in control provision as an event of default for advances before and after the amendment. As a result of the modification, the contingent interest feature component of the compound derivative is no longer required to be bifurcated as a derivative liability. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the liability has been reduced to $0 through an adjustment to the change in fair value of derivative liabilities. Because Emerald Health Sciences would forgo the contingent interest if the contingent put option was exercised upon an event of default, the value ascribed to the contingent put option within the compound derivative is considered de minimis before and after the amendment to the Credit Agreement. Emerald Financing Warrant Liability (2) In January and February 2018, the Company issued 44,200,000 warrants to purchase common stock in conjunction with the Emerald Financing. The warrants vest immediately and have an exercise price of $0.10 per share with a term of five years and are exercisable in cash or through a cashless exercise provision.The warrants contained an anti-dilution protection feature that provided the investors with price protection if the Company subsequently issued or sold any shares of common stock, stock options, or convertible securities at a price less than the exercise price of $0.10. In connection with the August 2020 Financing, this provision was waived, and the exercise price was permanently set to $0.10. In addition, the warrants contain a contingent put option if the Company undergoes a subsequent financing that results in a change in control. The warrant holders also have the right to participate in subsequent financing transactions on an as-if converted basis. In December 2019, Emerald Health Sciences paid the aggregate exercise price of $4,080,000 in the form of a reduction of the corresponding amount of obligations outstanding under the Credit Agreement to exercise 40,800,000 Emerald Financing Warrants. Under the Warrant Exercise Agreement between the Company and Emerald Health Sciences, the proceeds from the warrants were first applied directly to the accrued interest balance at the exercise date with the remainder applied to the oldest outstanding principal balances under the Credit Agreement. Immediately prior to exercise, the warrants were adjusted to fair value which considered the closing trading price on the exercise date (See Note 4). The Company reviewed the warrants for liability or equity classification under the guidance of ASC 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and concluded that the warrants should be classified as a liability and re-measured to fair value at the end of each reporting period. The Company also reviewed the warrants under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging/Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, and determined that the warrants also meet the definition of a derivative. With the assistance of a third party valuation specialist, the Company valued the warrant liabilities utilizing the Monte Carlo valuation method pursuant to the accounting guidance of ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurements. The warrant liabilities were valued using Monte Carlo simulations conducted at the balance sheet dates using the following assumptions:
|  | As of December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Dividend yield |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | %
Volatility factor |  |  | 90.9 | % |  |  | 79.5 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 0.14 | % |  |  | 1.62 | %
Expected term (years) |  |  | 2.13 |  |  |  | 3.13 |
Underlying common stock price |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | 0.13 |
Series B Warrant Liability (3) In conjunction with the Redeemable Convertible Series B Preferred Stock financing, the Company issued the 2015 Series B Common Stock Warrants originally exercisable at a price of $1.15 per share. The warrants were exercisable in cash or through a cashless exercise provision and contain certain cash redemption rights. The Series B Common Stock Warrants also had a “down-round” protection feature if the Company subsequently issued or sold any shares of common stock, stock options, or convertible securities at a price less than the current exercise price. The down round provision was triggered and automatically adjusted down to $0.10 on December 28, 2017, after the Company entered into the Convertible Promissory Note (See Note 4) and the strike price was permanently reset to $0.00 on January 19, 2018, as a result of the Emerald Financing. However, because the remaining warrant holders still had certain cash redemption rights upon the occurrence of certain fundamental transactions, as defined in the Series B Common Stock Warrant agreements, the warrants continued to require liability classification. After the Emerald Financing repricing occurred, the warrants were valued using a Black Scholes Merton Option Pricing Model. To compute the fair value of the warrants, the Company utilized the following assumptions in the Black Scholes Merton Option Pricing Model:
|  | As of December 31, 2019 |
Dividend yield |  |  | 0.00 | %
Volatility factor |  |  | 79.2 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 1.60 | %
Expected term (years) |  |  | 0.64 |
Underlying common stock price |  | $ | 0.13 |
During the year ended December 31, 2020, 312,500 Series B Common Stock Warrants with an intrinsic value of $26,563 were exercised for no consideration per share, which resulted in the issuance of 312,500 shares of common stock. Prior to exercise, these Series B Common Stock Warrants were adjusted to fair value using a Black Scholes Merton Option Pricing Model which considered the closing trading price on the exercise dates. Because the exercise price of these options was reset to $0.00, the fair value derived from the valuation model approximated the market value of the Company’s common stock on the exercise dates. As of December 31, 2020, the remaining Series B Common Stock Warrants expired unexercised.

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