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Note 8 - Shareholders' Equity
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Notes to Financial Statements  
Shareholders' Equity and Share-based Payments [Text Block]
Note
8
- Shareholders' Equity
 
a.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
 
We recorded non-cash stock compensation expense in each period as follows:
 
 
 
2016
 
 
201
5
 
Stock Options
  $
676
    $
489
 
Restricted Stock Grants
   
34
     
82
 
Total
  $
710
    $
571
 
 
These are more fully discussed as follows:
 
b.
Stock Options
 
We have various stock-based employee compensation plans, for which compensation cost is recognized in the financial statements. The cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity award).
 
Our shareholders have approved various equity-based plans that permit the grant of stock options, restricted stock and other equity-based awards. In addition, our shareholders have approved the grant of stock options outside of these plans.
 
In
June
2004,
our shareholders adopted the
2004
Long-Term Incentive Plan
(“2004
LTIP”) pursuant to which we were authorized to issue up to
750,000
shares of common stock and grant stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards. Through shareholder approved amendments to the LTIP in
2006,
2008,
2011,
and
2013,
the total number of shares authorized under the LTIP was increased to
2,900,000.
 
In
June
2014,
our shareholders approved the
2014
Long-Term Incentive Plan
(“2014
LTIP”) as the successor plan to the
2004
LTIP that expired on
June
10,
2014.
Under the
2014
LTIP, a total of
1,750,000
shares of Common Stock will be available for grant of awards. However, of the total number of shares of common stock available for awards under the
2014
LTIP, no more than
800,000
shares of Common Stock
may
be used for awards other than stock options and stock appreciation rights.  Grants under the
2014
LTIP
may
be awarded through
June
2,
2024.
 
Stock options granted under the LTIPs are either Incentive Stock Options (“ISOs”) or Non-Qualified Stock Options (“NQSOs”). Key employees are eligible to receive ISOs and NQSOs; however, directors and consultants are eligible to receive only NQSOs. Most ISOs vest over a
three
- year period and expire on the
seventh
anniversary of the grant date. All NQSOs issued to non-employee directors vest immediately and expire on the
seventh
anniversary of the grant date. As of
December
31,
2016,
there were
1,243,697
stock options outstanding under the
2004
LTIP and
679,884
stock options outstanding under the
2014
LTIP.
 
On
December
30,
2010,
pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement, we granted our President and Chief Executive Officer, Michael D. Popielec, options to purchase shares of common stock under the
2004
LTIP as follows: (i)
50,000
shares at
$6.42,
vesting in annual increments of
12,500
shares over a
four
-year period commencing
December
30,
2011;
(ii)
250,000
shares at
$6.42,
vesting in annual increments of
62,500
shares over a
four
-year period commencing
December
30,
2011;
(iii)
200,000
shares at
$10.00,
with vesting to begin on the date the stock reaches a closing price of
$10.00
per share for
15
trading days within a
30
-day trading period, with such vesting in annual increments of
50,000
shares over the
four
anniversary dates of that date; and (iv)
200,000
shares at
$15.00,
with vesting to begin on the date the stock reaches a closing price of
$15.00
per share for
15
trading days within a
30
-day trading period, with such vesting in annual increments of
50,000
shares over the
four
anniversary dates of that date. All such options in items (i) and (ii) shall expire on
December
30,
2017.
All such options in items (iii) and (iv) shall expire as of the later of
December
30,
2017
and
five
years after the initial vesting commences, but in no event later than
December
30,
2020.
The market-based conditions for the stock options in items (iii) and (iv) had not been met as of
December
31,
2016.
The options set forth in items (ii), (iii) and (iv) were subject to shareholder approval of an amendment to the
2004
LTIP, which approval was obtained on
June
7,
2011.
 
On
January
3,
2011,
pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement, we granted our President and Chief Executive Officer, Michael D. Popielec, an option to purchase
50,000
shares of common stock at
$6.58
under the
2004
LTIP. The option vested in annual increments of
12,500
shares over a
four
-year period commencing
December
30,
2011.
The option expires on
December
30,
2017.
 
As of
December
31,
2016,
there was
$505
of total unrecognized compensation costs related to outstanding stock options, which we expect to recognize over a weighted average period of
1.1
years.
 
We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate fair value of stock-based awards. The following weighted average assumptions were used to value options granted during the years ended
December
31,
2016
and
2015:
 
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
 
2015
 
Risk-free interest rate
   
1.36
%    
0.72
%
Volatility factor
   
48.20
%    
48.54
%
Dividends
   
0.00
%    
0.00
%
Weighted average expected life (years)
   
4.83
     
4.15
 
Forfeiture rate
   
10.0
%    
13.8
%
 
 
We used a Monte Carlo simulation option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of market performance stock-based awards, of which there were
no
new awards in the years ended
December
31,
2016
or
2015.
 
We calculate expected volatility for stock options by taking an average of historical volatility over the expected term. The computation of expected term was determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards and vesting schedules. The interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the award is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant. Forfeiture rates are calculated by dividing unvested shares forfeited by beginning shares outstanding. The pre-vesting forfeiture rate is calculated yearly and is determined using a historical
twelve
-quarter rolling average of the forfeiture rates.
 
The following tables summarize data for the stock options issued by us:
 
Year Ended December 31, 201
6
 
 
 
Number
of Shares
 
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Per Share
 
 
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual
Term
 
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
Shares under Option – January 1
   
2,257,969
    $
6.30
     
 
     
 
 
Options Granted
   
369,550
     
4.69
     
 
     
 
 
Options Exercised
   
(152,789
)    
3.86
     
 
     
 
 
Options Forfeited or Expired
   
(151,149
)    
6.09
     
 
     
 
 
Shares under option – December 31
   
2,323,581
    $
6.22
     
3.31
    $
1,101
 
Vested and Expected to Vest -
December 31
   
2,192,138
    $
6.31
     
2.98
    $
1,006
 
                                 
Options Exercisable – December 31
   
1,302,390
    $
5.05
     
1.92
    $
669
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 201
5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number
of Shares
 
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Per Share
 
Shares under Option – January 1
                   
2,056,122
    $
6.66
 
Options Granted
                   
411,250
     
4.68
 
Options Exercised
                   
(137,937
)    
3.90
 
Options Forfeited or Expired
                   
(71,466
)    
11.86
 
Shares under option – December 31
                   
2,257,969
    $
6.30
 
                                 
Options Exercisable – December 31
                   
1,255,736
    $
5.22
 
 
The following table represents additional information about stock options outstanding at
December
31,
2016:
 
         
Option Outstanding
   
Options Exercisable
 
Range of
Exercise Prices
   
Number of
Outstanding
Options –
December
31, 2016
   
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
   
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
   
Number of
Options
Exercisable
at
December
31, 2016
   
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
 
$3.22
-
$3.99
     
608,200
     
3.68
    $
3.76
     
394,218
    $
3.75
 
$4.00
-
$4.99
     
686,548
     
3.62
    $
4.40
     
396,006
     
4.45
 
$5.00
-
$9.99
     
628,833
     
2.17
    $
6.58
     
512,166
     
6.52
 
$10.00
-
$15.00
     
400,000
     
4.00
    $
12.50
     
-
     
-
 
                                               
$3.22
-
$15.00
     
2,323,581
     
3.31
    $
6.22
     
1,302,390
    $
5.05
 
 
The weighted average fair value of options granted during the years ended
December
31,
2016
and
2015
was
$2.01
and
$2.32,
respectively. The total intrinsic value of options (which is the amount by which the stock price exceeded the exercise price of the options on the date of exercise) exercised during the years ended
December
31,
2016
and
2015
was
$149
and
$364,
respectively.
 
Cash received from option exercises under our stock-based compensation plans for the years ended
December
31,
2016
and
2015
was
$460
and
$538,
respectively. There were
no
excess tax benefits realized in accumulated paid-in capital on exercised options for the years ended
December
31,
2016
and
2015.
 
c.
Restricted Stock Awards
 
During
2014,
we awarded
49,200
restricted stock units under the
2014
LTIP to certain key employees. These units vest over
three
years and we estimated their weighted average grant date fair value to be
$3.24
per share.
$34
and
$82
of expense was recorded in
2016
and
2015,
respectively, relating to these units. In
September
2016,
15,900
shares of the awarded restricted stock vested and the Company repurchased
4,131
shares to satisfy the statutory tax withholding on shares vested for certain employees.
 
At
December
31,
2016,
there was
$11
of unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock grants.
 
d.
Reserved Shares
 
We have reserved
901,700
shares of common stock under the various stock option plans, warrants and restricted stock awards as of
December
31,
2016.