FALSE 0001801661 2024 Q1--12-31 P5Y P1Y 33.33 33.33 33.33 xbrli:shares iso4217:USD iso4217:USD xbrli:shares xbrli:pure sklz:segment sklz:vestingPeriod sklz:installment sklz:ad_request sklz:device 0001801661 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonClassAMember 2024-08-15 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonClassBMember 2024-08-15 0001801661 2024-03-31 0001801661 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonClassAMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonClassAMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonClassBMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonClassBMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2022-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember 2022-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2022-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2022-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2022-12-31 0001801661 2022-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2023-03-31 0001801661 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:TreasuryStockCommonMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember sklz:CustomerOneMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember sklz:CustomerTwoMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember sklz:CustomerOneMember 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 0001801661 2023-03-15 2023-03-15 0001801661 us-gaap:BuildingMember 2023-03-15 2023-03-15 0001801661 us-gaap:LandMember 2023-03-15 2023-03-15 0001801661 us-gaap:BuildingMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 sklz:EntryFeeMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:SkillzMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 sklz:EntryFeeMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:AarkiMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:IntersegmentEliminationMember sklz:EntryFeeMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 sklz:EntryFeeMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AdvertisingMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:SkillzMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AdvertisingMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:AarkiMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:IntersegmentEliminationMember us-gaap:AdvertisingMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AdvertisingMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 sklz:MaintenanceFeeRevenueMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:SkillzMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 sklz:MaintenanceFeeRevenueMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:AarkiMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:IntersegmentEliminationMember sklz:MaintenanceFeeRevenueMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 sklz:MaintenanceFeeRevenueMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:SkillzMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:AarkiMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:IntersegmentEliminationMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 country:US us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:SkillzMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 country:US us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:AarkiMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 country:US us-gaap:IntersegmentEliminationMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 country:US 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:NonUsMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:SkillzMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:NonUsMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:AarkiMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:NonUsMember us-gaap:IntersegmentEliminationMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:NonUsMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 sklz:EntryFeeMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:SkillzMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 sklz:EntryFeeMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:AarkiMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:IntersegmentEliminationMember sklz:EntryFeeMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 sklz:EntryFeeMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AdvertisingMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:SkillzMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AdvertisingMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:AarkiMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:IntersegmentEliminationMember us-gaap:AdvertisingMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AdvertisingMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 sklz:MaintenanceFeeRevenueMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:SkillzMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 sklz:MaintenanceFeeRevenueMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:AarkiMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:IntersegmentEliminationMember sklz:MaintenanceFeeRevenueMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 sklz:MaintenanceFeeRevenueMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:SkillzMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:AarkiMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:IntersegmentEliminationMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 country:US us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:SkillzMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 country:US us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:AarkiMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 country:US us-gaap:IntersegmentEliminationMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 country:US 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:NonUsMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:SkillzMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:NonUsMember us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember sklz:AarkiMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:NonUsMember us-gaap:IntersegmentEliminationMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:NonUsMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerMember sklz:TwoDevelopersMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerMember sklz:TwoDevelopersMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:NotesReceivableMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:NotesReceivableMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:NotesReceivableMember sklz:BigRunStudiosMember 2023-07-07 0001801661 us-gaap:NotesReceivableMember sklz:BigRunStudiosMember 2023-07-07 2023-07-07 0001801661 us-gaap:LandMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:LandMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:BuildingMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:SoftwareDevelopmentMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:SoftwareDevelopmentMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ComputerEquipmentMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ComputerEquipmentMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ConstructionInProgressMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 country:US 2024-03-31 0001801661 country:US 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:NonUsMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:NonUsMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:SpinoffMember sklz:StockOptionsAndRestrictedStockAwardsMember sklz:AarkiMember 2023-08-31 0001801661 us-gaap:SpinoffMember sklz:AarkiMember us-gaap:SeriesAPreferredStockMember 2023-08-31 2023-08-31 0001801661 us-gaap:SeniorNotesMember sklz:SeniorSecuredNotes2021Member 2023-08-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member us-gaap:MoneyMarketFundsMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:MoneyMarketFundsMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:MoneyMarketFundsMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:MoneyMarketFundsMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:AssetBackedSecuritiesMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:AssetBackedSecuritiesMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:AssetBackedSecuritiesMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:AssetBackedSecuritiesMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member us-gaap:MoneyMarketFundsMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:MoneyMarketFundsMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:MoneyMarketFundsMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:MoneyMarketFundsMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:AssetBackedSecuritiesMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:AssetBackedSecuritiesMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:AssetBackedSecuritiesMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:AssetBackedSecuritiesMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AssetBackedSecuritiesMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:MoneyMarketFundsMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:AssetBackedSecuritiesMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:MoneyMarketFundsMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 sklz:SeniorSecuredNotes2021Member 2024-03-31 0001801661 sklz:SeniorSecuredNotes2021Member 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:SeniorNotesMember sklz:SeniorSecuredNotes2021Member 2021-12-20 0001801661 us-gaap:SeniorNotesMember sklz:SeniorSecuredNotes2021Member 2022-09-01 0001801661 us-gaap:SeniorNotesMember sklz:SeniorSecuredNotes2021Member 2022-09-01 2022-09-01 0001801661 us-gaap:SeniorNotesMember sklz:SeniorSecuredNotes2021Member 2023-04-13 0001801661 us-gaap:SeniorNotesMember sklz:SeniorSecuredNotes2021Member 2023-04-13 2023-04-13 0001801661 us-gaap:SeniorNotesMember sklz:SeniorSecuredNotes2021Member 2021-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:SeniorNotesMember sklz:SeniorSecuredNotes2021Member 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:SeniorNotesMember sklz:SeniorSecuredNotes2021Member 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 2021-09-01 2021-09-30 0001801661 2021-09-30 0001801661 2022-04-01 2022-04-30 0001801661 us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember 2024-04-08 2024-04-08 0001801661 2023-08-18 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CostOfSalesMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpenseMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:SellingAndMarketingExpenseMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:GeneralAndAdministrativeExpenseMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 sklz:OmnibusIncentivePlan2020Member 2020-12-01 2020-12-31 0001801661 sklz:OmnibusIncentivePlan2020Member 2020-12-31 0001801661 sklz:CommonClassAAndBMember sklz:OmnibusIncentivePlan2020Member 2020-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonClassAMember sklz:OmnibusIncentivePlan2020Member 2020-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:CommonClassBMember sklz:OmnibusIncentivePlan2020Member 2020-12-31 0001801661 2020-12-01 2020-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember 2023-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 srt:MinimumMember us-gaap:RestrictedStockMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 srt:MaximumMember us-gaap:RestrictedStockMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 srt:ChiefFinancialOfficerMember us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember sklz:RestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 srt:ChiefFinancialOfficerMember us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember sklz:RestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-09-30 2022-09-30 0001801661 srt:ChiefFinancialOfficerMember us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember sklz:RestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 srt:ChiefFinancialOfficerMember us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember sklz:RestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 srt:ChiefFinancialOfficerMember us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember sklz:ChiefExecutiveOfficerRestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember srt:ChiefFinancialOfficerMember us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember sklz:ChiefExecutiveOfficerRestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheThreeMember srt:ChiefFinancialOfficerMember us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember sklz:ChiefExecutiveOfficerRestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 sklz:ShareBasedPaymentArrangementTrancheFourMember srt:ChiefFinancialOfficerMember us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember sklz:ChiefExecutiveOfficerRestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember srt:ChiefFinancialOfficerMember us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember sklz:ChiefExecutiveOfficerRestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 srt:ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember sklz:ChiefExecutiveOfficerRestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 srt:ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember sklz:ChiefExecutiveOfficerRestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 srt:ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember sklz:ChiefExecutiveOfficerRestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2024-03-31 0001801661 srt:ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember sklz:RestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 srt:ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember sklz:ChiefExecutiveOfficerRestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember srt:ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember sklz:ChiefExecutiveOfficerRestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember srt:ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember sklz:ChiefExecutiveOfficerRestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 sklz:ShareBasedPaymentArrangementTrancheFourMember srt:ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember sklz:ChiefExecutiveOfficerRestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheThreeMember srt:ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember sklz:ChiefExecutiveOfficerRestrictedStockUnitAndPerformanceAwardPlan2022Member 2022-01-01 2022-12-31 0001801661 srt:ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember us-gaap:CommonClassBMember sklz:OptionAgreementsMember 2020-12-31 0001801661 sklz:ChiefStrategyOfficerMember us-gaap:CommonClassAMember sklz:OptionAgreementsMember 2020-12-31 0001801661 sklz:ChiefStrategyOfficerMember us-gaap:CommonClassAMember sklz:OptionAgreementsMember 2020-12-01 2020-12-31 0001801661 sklz:OptionAgreementsMember 2020-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember sklz:OptionAgreementsMember 2020-12-01 2020-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember sklz:OptionAgreementsMember 2020-12-01 2020-12-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheThreeMember sklz:OptionAgreementsMember 2020-12-01 2020-12-31 0001801661 sklz:OptionAgreementsMember 2020-12-01 2020-12-31 0001801661 sklz:OptionAgreementsMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 sklz:OptionAgreementsMember 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:EmployeeStockMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:EmployeeStockMember 2021-06-01 2021-06-30 0001801661 us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember sklz:OptionAgreementsMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember sklz:OptionAgreementsMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheThreeMember sklz:OptionAgreementsMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 2023-10-01 2023-12-31 0001801661 2023-01-01 2023-09-30 0001801661 us-gaap:WarrantMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:WarrantMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember 2024-01-01 2024-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember 2023-01-01 2023-03-31 0001801661 us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember 2024-05-20 2024-05-20 0001801661 sklz:SkillzV.AviaGamesMember 2024-02-09 2024-02-09 0001801661 us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember sklz:SkillzBigRunV.AviaGamesMember 2024-04-13 2024-04-13 0001801661 us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember sklz:SkillzV.AviaGamesMember 2024-04-13 2024-04-13 0001801661 us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember sklz:BigRunV.AviaGamesMember 2024-04-13 2024-04-13 0001801661 us-gaap:NotesReceivableMember us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember sklz:BigRunStudiosMember 2024-04-12 0001801661 srt:ScenarioForecastMember us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-08-15 2024-08-15
TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______to______
Commission file number: 001-39243
SKILLZ INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 84-4478274 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
6625 Badura Ave Las Vegas, Nevada |  |  | 89118 |
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code) |

(415) 762-0511
Registrant's telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share | SKLZ | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☒
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☒
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of August 15, 2024, the registrant had outstanding 14,001,209 shares of Class A common stock and 3,430,063 shares of Class B common stock.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

| Page
Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements | 1
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 1
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 28
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 38
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 39
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 42
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 42
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 42
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 42
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 42
Item 5. Other Information | 42
Item 6. Exhibits | 43
Signatures | 44

NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, about Skillz Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) and our industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this report, including statements regarding guidance, our future results of operations or financial condition, business strategy and plans, user growth and engagement, product initiatives, and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “going to,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” or “would” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions. We caution you that the foregoing may not include all of the forward-looking statements made in this report.
You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as supplemented by our other Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including among other things:
•Our ability to attract and retain end-users, and do so in a cost-effective manner;
•Our ability to manage our growth effectively;
•Our ability to achieve profitability given our history of losses;
•Our reliance on our third-party developer partners to continue to offer a competitive experience in existing and new games on our platform;
•Risks related to the fact that a limited number of games account for a substantial portion of our revenue;

TABLE OF CONTENTS
•Our reliance on third-party service providers including cloud computing services, payment processors, and infrastructure service providers, and our ability to manage our relationships with such providers or lose access to such services;
•Our ability to maintain our brand and reputation;
•The competitiveness of the broader entertainment industry, and the potential that our existing and potential users may be attracted to competing forms of entertainment;
•Risk related to a variety of U.S. and foreign laws, which our business is subject to and which are subject to change and could adversely affect our business;
•Our ability to obtain, maintain, protect or enforce our intellectual property rights;
•Risks related to economic downturns and political and market conditions beyond our control;
•Risk related to the occurrence of a data breach or other failure of our cybersecurity;
•Failure to properly contain a global pandemic in a timely manner and any related impact on how we and our business partners are operating;
•Our ability to timely and effectively remediate the material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting or additional material weaknesses or other deficiencies in the future; and
•Our ability to mitigate the commercial, reputational and regulatory risks to our business that may arise as a consequence of our need to restate our financial statements.
These statements are based on our historical performance and on our current plans, estimates and projections in light of information currently available to us, and therefore you should not place undue reliance on them. The inclusion of this forward-looking information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the future plans, estimates or expectations contemplated by us will be achieved. Forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, and we undertake no obligation to update them in light of new information or future events, except as required by law..
You should carefully consider the above factors, as well as the factors discussed in other risks described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as supplemented by our other Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The factors identified above should not be construed as an exhaustive list of factors that could affect our future results and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Furthermore, new risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. If any of these trends, risks or uncertainties actually occurs or continues, our business, revenue and financial results could be harmed, the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SKILLZ INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited, in thousands, except for number of shares and par value per share amounts)

| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 290,601 |  |  | $ | 302,028 |
Restricted cash | 10,000 |  |  | 10,000 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $64 and $49 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | 5,096 |  |  | 5,942 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 5,915 |  |  | 6,721 |
Total current assets | 311,612 |  |  | 324,691 |
Property and equipment, net | 14,821 |  |  | 14,549 |
Marketable securities, non-current | 447 |  |  | 1,125 |
Non-marketable equity securities | 52,768 |  |  | 52,768 |
Other non-current assets | 2,703 |  |  | 2,693 |
Total assets | $ | 382,351 |  |  | $ | 395,826 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 11,371 |  |  | $ | 1,712 |
Operating lease liabilities, current | 1,257 |  |  | 1,364 |
Other current liabilities | 48,854 |  |  | 46,782 |
Total current liabilities | 61,482 |  |  | 49,858 |
Operating lease liabilities, non-current | 10,250 |  |  | 10,573 |
Common stock warrant liabilities, non-current | 2 |  |  | 11 |
Long-term debt, net of current portion | 124,345 |  |  | 123,935 |
Other non-current liabilities | 716 |  |  | 960 |
Total liabilities | 196,795 |  |  | 185,337 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock $0.0001 par value; 10.0 million shares authorized — 0 issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | — |  |  | — |
Common stock $0.0001 par value; 31.3 million shares authorized; Class A common stock –25.0 million shares authorized; 18.1 million and 18.1 million shares issued; 14.6 million and 15.8 million outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively; Class B common stock –6.3 million shares authorized; 3.4 million shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Treasury stock at cost, 3.5 million and 2.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | (19,956) |  |  | (13,000) |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,206,703 |  |  | 1,197,963 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1) |  |  | (7) |
Accumulated deficit | (1,001,191) |  |  | (974,468) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 185,556 |  |  | 210,489 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 382,351 |  |  | $ | 395,826 |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Unaudited, in thousands, except for number of shares and per share amounts)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 25,235 |  |  | $ | 44,383 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue | 3,451 |  |  | 4,582 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 4,624 |  |  | 8,881 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 20,994 |  |  | 34,918 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative | 23,037 |  |  | 28,070 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total costs and expenses | 52,106 |  |  | 76,451 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss from operations | (26,871) |  |  | (32,068) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income (expense), net | 112 |  |  | (3,494) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of common stock warrant liabilities | 9 |  |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income, net | 65 |  |  | 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss before income taxes | (26,685) |  |  | (35,524) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 38 |  |  | 69 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (26,723) |  |  | $ | (35,593) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted | $ | (1.45) |  |  | $ | (1.70) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted | 18,461,221 |  |  | 20,883,293 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments, net of tax | 6 |  |  | 997 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total other comprehensive income | 6 |  |  | 997 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total comprehensive loss | $ | (26,717) |  |  | $ | (34,596) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited, in thousands, except for number of shares)

|  |  | Common stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Accumulated deficit |  | Total stockholders’ equity
|  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  | 21,068,697 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,153,071 |  |  | $ | (1,563) |  |  | $ | (873,108) |  |  | $ | 278,401 |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options and release of restricted stock units |  |  |  |  | 61,124 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |
Shares repurchased by the Company and held as treasury stock |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 997 |  |  | — |  |  | 997 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,548 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,548 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35,593) |  |  | (35,593) |
Balance at March 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  | 21,129,821 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,163,652 |  |  | $ | (566) |  |  | $ | (908,701) |  |  | $ | 254,386 |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  | 19,183,046 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 2,314,908 |  |  | $ | (13,000) |  |  | $ | 1,197,963 |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | (974,468) |  |  | 210,489 |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options and release of restricted stock units |  |  |  |  | 64,357 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Shares repurchased by the Company and held as treasury stock |  |  |  |  | (1,209,549) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,209,549 |  |  | (6,956) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,956) |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,740 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,740 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (26,723) |  |  | (26,723) |
Balance at March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  | 18,037,854 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 3,524,457 |  |  | (19,956) |  |  | $ | 1,206,703 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (1,001,191) |  |  | $ | 185,556 |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited, in thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
Operating Activities |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (26,723) |  |  | $ | (35,593) |
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 395 |  |  | 626 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 8,740 |  |  | 10,548 |
Accretion of unamortized debt discount and amortization of debt issuance costs |  | 410 |  |  | 837 |
Amortization of premium for marketable securities |  | — |  |  | 53 |
Change in fair value of common stock warrant liabilities |  | (9) |  |  | 1 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 846 |  |  | (2,367) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  | 795 |  |  | (3,276) |
Accounts payable |  | 9,659 |  |  | 2,986 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  | — |  |  | 151 |
Operating lease liabilities |  | (430) |  |  | (545) |
Other accruals and liabilities |  | 1,921 |  |  | 11,880 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  | (4,396) |  |  | (14,699) |
Investing Activities |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment, including internal-use software |  | (515) |  |  | (11,608) |
Purchases of marketable securities |  | (4) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities |  | 688 |  |  | 41,729 |
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities |  | — |  |  | 37,640 |
Net cash provided by investing activities |  | 169 |  |  | 67,761 |
Financing Activities |  |  |  |
Principal payments on finance leases obligations |  | (244) |  |  | (282) |
Repurchase of common stock |  | (6,956) |  |  | — |
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options and issuance of common stock |  | — |  |  | 33 |
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (7,200) |  |  | (249) |
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | (11,427) |  |  | 52,813 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of year |  | 312,028 |  |  | 365,436 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period |  | $ | 300,601 |  |  | $ | 418,249 |
Supplemental cash flow data: |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 63 |
Taxes |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
1. Description of the Business and Basis of Presentation
Business
Skillz (the “Company” or “Skillz”) operates a competitive mobile gaming platform, driving the future of entertainment by accelerating the convergence of sports, video games and media. The Company’s principal activities are to develop and support a proprietary online-hosted technology platform that enables independent game developers to host tournaments and provide competitive gaming activity (“Competitions”) to end-users worldwide.
Basis of Presentation
The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) as determined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and pursuant to the regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulation of the SEC. The Company believes the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and one subsidiary for which there is an immaterial noncontrolling interest at March 31, 2024. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal and recurring nature that are, in the opinion of the Company’s management, necessary for the fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosures at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Estimates are used in several areas including, but not limited to, stock-based compensation and valuation of common stock warrants. The Company bases these estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
Revenue Recognition
The Company generates substantially all its revenues through its Skillz segment by providing a service to game developers aimed at improving the monetization of their game content. The monetization service provided by Skillz allows developers to offer multi-player competition to their end-users which increases end-user retention and engagement. Skillz provides developers with a software development kit (“SDK”) that they can download and integrate with their existing games. The SDK serves as a data interface between Skillz and the game developers that enables Skillz to provide monetization services to the developer.
The Company recognizes revenue for its services in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). See Note 3, Revenue, for additional information.
5

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, commercial paper, money market funds and U.S government agency securities with maturities of three months or less when purchased.
Restricted cash of $10.0 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is primarily associated with the letter of credit for the Company’s former headquarters in San Francisco and cash required to be held by our financial institution.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 that sum to the total of these items reported in the statements of cash flows:

| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash | $ | 19,143 |  |  | $ | 14,968 |
Money market funds | 271,458 |  |  | 287,060 |
Restricted cash | 10,000 |  |  | 10,000 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 300,601 |  |  | $ | 312,028 |

Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities. Although the Company deposits its cash with multiple well-established financial institutions, the deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents. Marketable securities primarily consist of corporate debt securities, asset backed securities and debt instruments issued by foreign governments. The Company limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer and monitors the financial condition of the financial institutions on a regular basis.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable, net, represents amounts recorded for programmatic media campaigns, net of an allowance for credit losses from our advertising revenue customers of our Aarki segment. The allowance for credit losses is recorded as an offset to accounts receivable and changes in such are classified as general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company assesses collectability by reviewing accounts receivable on a collective basis where similar characteristics exist and on an individual basis when there are specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. In determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses, the Company considers historical collectability based on past due status and makes judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on ongoing credit evaluations. The Company also considers customer-specific information, current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions to inform adjustments to historical loss data. The Company’s provision for credit losses were not material in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The allowance for credit losses was $64.0 thousand and $49.0 thousand at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Two customers accounted for 18% and 14% of the accounts receivable balance as of March 31, 2024, respectively. One customer accounted for 12% of the accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2023.
6

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Fair Value Measurement
The Company applies fair value accounting for financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the condensed consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis. The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as risks inherent in valuation techniques, transfer restrictions and credit risk. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:
•Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2 — Inputs reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities; or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
•Level 3 — Unobservable inputs reflecting management’s estimate of assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to determine fair value. These assumptions are required to be consistent with market participant assumptions that are reasonably available.
The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Certain financial instruments, including debt, are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of debt was estimated using primarily level 2 inputs, including quoted market prices or present value of future payments discounted by the market interest rates or the fixed rates based on current rates offered to the Company for debt with similar terms and maturities.
Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment with estimable useful lives subject to depreciation and amortization. The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. When impairment indicators are identified, the Company assesses its long-lived assets for impairment. Recoverability of an asset or asset group to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group.
On March 15, 2023, the Company completed the purchase of an office building in Las Vegas, Nevada for $11.5 million, with $10.5 million and $1.0 million allocated to building and land components, respectively. The building will be depreciated on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of 39 years. The land is not subject to depreciation. The building is being utilized as the Company’s headquarters effective in February 2024.
Investments
The Company considers all highly liquid interest-earning investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The fair values of these investments approximate their carrying values. In general, investments with original maturities of greater than three months and remaining maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term investments. Investments with maturities beyond one year are classified as non-current marketable securities. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned.
7

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and realized gains and losses are recorded using the specific identification method. Changes in fair value, excluding credit losses and impairments, are recorded in other comprehensive income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Fair value is calculated based on publicly available market information or other estimates determined by management. If the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, the Company evaluates, among other factors, general market conditions, credit quality of debt instrument issuers, and the extent to which the fair value is less than cost. To determine credit losses, the Company employs a systematic methodology that considers available quantitative and qualitative evidence. In addition, the Company considers specific adverse conditions related to the financial health of, and business outlook for, the investee. If the Company plans to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery, then a decline in fair value below cost is recorded as an impairment charge in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss and a new cost basis in the investment is established. If market, industry, and/or investee conditions deteriorate, the Company may incur future impairments.
The Company has elected to measure its existing investments in non-marketable equity securities at cost, less impairments, with remeasurements to fair value only upon the occurrence of observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar securities of the same issuer (“measurement alternative”). This election is reassessed each reporting period to determine whether non-marketable equity securities have a readily determinable fair value, in which case they would no longer be eligible for this election and would be measured at fair value. The Company evaluates its non-marketable equity securities for impairment at each reporting period based on a qualitative assessment that considers various potential impairment indicators. Impairment indicators might include, but would not necessarily be limited to, a significant deterioration in the earnings performance, credit rating, asset quality, or business prospects of the investee, a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the investee, a bona fide offer to purchase, an offer by the investee to sell, or a completed auction process for the same or similar securities for an amount less than the carrying amount of the investments in those securities. If an impairment exists, a loss is recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the investment. Gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of non-marketable equity securities, including impairment, are recorded through other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company separately presents investments in non-marketable equity securities within long-term assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company identified an impairment indicator related to one of its investments in a privately held company. The Company reviewed the private company’s forecast and noted significant concerns about the private company’s ability to continue as a going concern. As a result, an impairment charge of $2.9 million was recorded in the year ended December 31, 2023.
Advertising and Promotional Expense
Advertising and promotional expenses are included in sales and marketing expenses within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and are expensed when incurred. Advertising expenses, excluding marketing promotions related to the Company’s end-user incentive programs, were $6.0 million and $8.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
8

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards based on estimated grant-date fair values recognized over the requisite service period. For awards that vest solely based on a service condition, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The compensation expense related to awards with performance conditions is recognized over the requisite service period when the performance conditions are probable of being achieved. The compensation expense related to awards with market conditions is recognized on an accelerated attribution basis over the requisite service period identified as the derived service period over which the market conditions are expected to be achieved and is not reversed if the market condition is not satisfied. See Note 11, Stock-Based Compensation, for more information. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. If an employee stock-based award is canceled without the concurrent grant or offer of a replacement award, the cancellation is treated as a settlement for no consideration and any previously unrecognized compensation cost shall be recognized at the cancellation date. Stock-based awards granted to employees are primarily stock options and restricted stock units.
The Company has primarily granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”), which have a service-based (and in certain circumstances, performance-based) vesting condition over a four-year period, to its employees and members of the Board of Directors since the start of 2021. The Board of Directors determines the fair value of each share of underlying common stock based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant. The Company has also issued equity awards in Aarki, Inc. (“Aarki”) to certain key employees of Aarki. See Note 5, Spin-Off Transaction.
For awards with market conditions, the Company determines the grant date fair value utilizing a Monte Carlo valuation model, which incorporates various assumptions including expected stock price volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rates, expected date of a qualifying event, expected capital raise percentage and market capitalization milestones. Given the Company’s limited market trading history, it has estimated the volatility of its common stock on the date of grant of awards with market conditions based on the weighted average historical stock price volatility of comparable publicly-traded companies in its industry group. The Company estimated the expected term of its awards with market conditions based on various exercise scenarios, as these awards are not considered “plain vanilla.” The Company utilized a risk-free interest rate based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The Company estimated the expected date of a qualifying event, the expected capital raise percentage and the expected achievement date of market capitalization milestones based on management’s expectations at the time of measurement of the award’s value.
Interest Income (Expense), Net
Interest income (expense), net consisted of the following for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Interest expense | $ | (3,772) |  |  | $ | (9,152) |
Interest income | 3,884 |  |  | 5,658 |
Interest income (expense), net | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | (3,494) |

Indirect Tax Liabilities
We are subject to indirect taxes such as sales and use tax in the United States and value-add tax in certain foreign jurisdictions, respectively. Indirect tax liabilities are adjusted considering changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax examination, further interpretation of existing tax law, or new tax law. We recognize changes to our estimate if it is estimable and probable that our position would not be sustainable upon examination by taxing authorities. Although management believes our recorded liabilities are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcomes of these matters will not be different from that which our liabilities are based on. To the extent that final tax outcomes of these matters are different than the amounts recorded, such differences could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements as the Company records related tax reserves as a reduction in revenue, and penalties and interest in general and administrative expenses.
9

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Segments
Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. Effective beginning in the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company had two operating and reportable segments. See Note 14, Segment Reporting.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires public entities to disclose specific tax rate reconciliation categories, as well as income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction, amongst other disclosure enhancements. The ASU is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.
In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards,” which provides illustrative guidance to help entities determine whether profits interest and similar awards should be accounted for as share-based payment arrangements within the scope of FASB Accounting Standards Codification (FASB ASC) 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. ASU 2024-01 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods within those annual periods with early adoption permitted. The Company currently expects that this ASU will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which requires public entities to disclose information about their reportable segments’ significant expenses and other segment items on an interim and annual basis. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The ASU is required to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements once adopted. The Company is evaluating the disclosure requirements related to the new standard.
3. Revenue
The following tables present the Company’s revenues, disaggregated by offering, geographical region, and reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Revenue by geographical region is based on the location where the game developer or advertising customer is headquartered. For more information on revenues presented by reportable segment, see Note 14, Segment Reporting.

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
| Skillz |  | Aarki |  | Elimination |  | Consolidated
Revenue From Customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Entry Fee Revenue | $ | 21,778 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,778 |
Advertising Revenue | — |  |  | 2,865 |  |  | (47) |  |  | 2,818 |
Other Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maintenance Fee Revenue | 639 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 639 |
Total Revenue | $ | 22,417 |  |  | $ | 2,865 |  |  | $ | (47) |  |  | $ | 25,235 |
United States | $ | 21,511 |  |  | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | (47) |  |  | $ | 22,123 |
Other Countries | 906 |  |  | 2,206 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,112 |
Total Revenue | $ | 22,417 |  |  | $ | 2,865 |  |  | $ | (47) |  |  | $ | 25,235 |

10

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
| Skillz |  | Aarki |  | Elimination |  | Consolidated
Revenue From Customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Entry Fee Revenue | $ | 38,643 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,643 |
Advertising Revenue | — |  |  | 4,513 |  |  | (158) |  |  | 4,355 |
Other Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maintenance Fee Revenue | 1,385 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,385 |
Total Revenue | $ | 40,028 |  |  | $ | 4,513 |  |  | $ | (158) |  |  | $ | 44,383 |
United States | $ | 37,332 |  |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | (158) |  |  | $ | 38,294 |
Other Countries | 2,696 |  |  | 3,393 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,089 |
| $ | 40,028 |  |  | $ | 4,513 |  |  | $ | (158) |  |  | $ | 44,383 |

Revenues from Entry Fees
The Company applies the five-step model to achieve the core principle of ASC 606. The Company determined that its customer in the provision of its technology platform and services is the game developer. The Company’s ordinary activities consist of providing game developers services through access to its technology platform using the Skillz SDK. The SDK acts as an application programming interface enabling communication of data between Skillz and the game developers, which when integrated with the developer’s game content, facilitates end-user registration into competitions, managing and hosting end-user competition accounts, matching players of similar skill levels, collecting end-user entry fees, distributing end-user prizes, resolving end-user disputes pertaining to their participation in competitions, and running third-party marketing campaigns (collectively, “Monetization Services”).
The Company provides Monetization Services to game developers enabling them to offer competitive games to their end-users. These activities are not distinct from each other as the Company provides an integrated service enabling game developers to provide the competitive game service to the end-users, and as a result, they do not represent separate performance obligations. The Company is entitled to a revenue share based on total entry fees for paid competitions, regardless of how they are paid, net of end-user prizes (i.e., winnings from the competitions) and other costs to provide the Monetization Services. Entry fees used to enter paid competitions can include net cash deposits, cash from prior winnings, and end-user incentives. The game developers earn monthly revenue share from end-users, calculated based on end-users’ paid entry fees attributable to their games as a percentage of total entry fees. End-user incentives are not paid for by game developers. In addition, the Company accounts for end-user incentives either as a reduction of revenue or as sales and marketing expenses (as noted below).
The Company collects entry fees and related charges from end-users on behalf of game developers. This is done via the end-user’s pre-authorized credit card or PayPal account. The Company withholds its portion of revenue share and administrative costs from these entry fees. The balance is then recorded as a reduction to revenue for the amount owed to the game developer. Therefore, the game developer’s ability and intent to pay the amounts withheld by the Company is not subject to significant judgment or collection risk. Certain of Skillz’ larger developer agreements provide the Company with a right to withhold additional amounts from their revenue share. These amounts relate to game-specific sales and marketing costs incurred by the Company, in its sole discretion, to acquire end-users on behalf of the game developer. The amount and timing of such withholding(s) is (are) uncertain and based on the future performance of the respective developer’s games. Such amounts are recorded as part of the monthly settlement process with the game developer. Accordingly, the Company has included these amounts as a reduction to the revenue share paid to game developers.
11

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Revenue is recognized at the time the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of the promised service in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for the Monetization Services. The Company does not recognize contract assets or contract liabilities as the payment of the transaction price is concurrent with fulfillment of the services. At the time of game completion, the Company has a right to receive payment for services rendered. The Company’s agreements with game developers can generally be terminated for convenience by either party upon thirty days prior written notice, and in certain of the Company’s larger agreements, the game developer, if required by the Company, must continue to make its games available on the platform for a period of up to twelve months. The Company's agreements with certain game developers cannot be terminated by the developer without the Company's approval for a period of at least eighteen months under certain conditions. In accordance with optional exemptions available under Topic 606, the Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (1) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (2) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation or to an unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct service that forms a part of a single performance obligation.
Games provided by two developer partners accounted for 80% of the Company’s revenue from Monetization Services in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
End-User Incentive Programs
To drive traffic to the platform, the Company provides promotions and incentives to end-users in various forms. Evaluating whether a promotion or incentive is a payment to a customer may require significant judgment. Promotions and incentives, which are consideration payable to customers, are recognized as a reduction of revenue at the later of when revenue is recognized or when the Company pays or promises to pay the incentive. Promotions and incentives recorded as sales and marketing expenses are recognized when we incur the related cost.
Our primary end-user incentive is Bonus Cash, which is a promotional incentive that cannot be withdrawn and can only be used by end-users to enter paid-entry fee contests. Bonus Cash used as entry fees for paid Competitions can include newly issued Bonus Cash and / or Bonus Cash returned to end-users from prior winnings. We recognize the entire cost of Bonus Cash as sales and marketing expenses or a reduction of revenue (as discussed below). When Bonus Cash is used towards entry fees for a paid Competition and is returned to an end-user as winnings, we do not record any additional sales and marketing expenses or reductions to revenue. Likewise, if Bonus Cash is returned to an end-user and is used to enter subsequent competitions, which they continue to win, we do not record any additional sales and marketing expenses or reductions to revenue.
•Marketing promotions and discounts accounted for as reductions to revenue. These promotions are typically pricing actions in the form of discounts that reduce end-user entry fees. These are offered on behalf of the game developers. Although not required based on the Company’s agreement with its game developers, the Company considers that game developers have a valid expectation that certain incentives will be offered to end-users. The determination of a valid expectation is based on an evaluation of all information reasonably available to game developers regarding the Company’s customary business practices, published policies and specific statements.
An example of an incentive for which the game developer has a valid expectation is “Ticketz”, which are virtual currency earned for every competition played based on the amount of the entry fee. Ticketz can be redeemed for prizes, including Bonus Cash. Another promotional incentive is initial deposit Bonus Cash that can be earned in fixed amounts when an end-user makes their first deposit on the Skillz platform. Bonus Cash can only be applied by end-users towards future paid-entry fee competitions and cannot be withdrawn.
•Marketing promotions accounted for as sales and marketing expenses. When the Company concludes that game developers do not have a valid expectation that an incentive will be offered, Management records the related cost as sales and marketing expenses. Management’s assessment is based on an evaluation of all information reasonably available to game developers regarding the Company’s customary business practices, published policies and specific statements. These promotions are offered to end-users to draw, re-engage, or generally increase their use of the Skillz platform.
12

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
An example of this type of incentive is limited-time Bonus Cash offers, which are targeted to specific end-users, typically those who deposit more frequently or have not made a deposit recently, via email or in-app promotions. The Company targets groups of end-users differently, offering specific promotions it believes will best stimulate engagement. Similar to Bonus Cash earned from the redemption of Ticketz or an initial deposit, limited-time Bonus Cash can only be used by end-users to enter future paid entry fee competitions and cannot be withdrawn. The Company also hosts engagement marketing leagues, which run over a period of days or weeks. Prizes are awarded to winners in the form of cash or luxury goods to end-users earning the most medals at the end of the league. End-users accumulate medals by winning Skillz enabled paid entry fee competitions. Skillz determines whether (or not) to run a league, what prizes should be awarded, over what time period the league should run, and to which end-users’ prizes should be paid, all at the Company’s discretion. The parameters vary from one league to the next and are not reasonably known, nor communicated to game developers. League prizes in the form of cash can be withdrawn or applied towards future paid-entry fee competitions.
From time to time, the Company issues credits or refunds to end-users that are dissatisfied by the level of service provided by the game developer. There is no contractual obligation for the Company to refund such end-users nor is there a valid expectation by game developers for the Company to issue such credits or refunds to end-users on their behalf. The Company accounts for credits or refunds, which are not recoverable from the game developer, as sales and marketing expenses when incurred.
Advertising Revenue
The Company offers a technology platform (i.e. demand side platform, “DSP”) to source available advertising space from its network of vendors / suppliers (aka, advertising exchange partners / publishers), which uses a real-time auction process. The revenue from advertising is recognized over time based on the number of impressions as the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company considers itself the agent of its customer(s). This is due to the Company’s involvement in programmatically placing and sourcing advertisements on behalf of customers via a network of third party publishers. The Company does not, at any time, take ownership of advertising inventory being sourced and placed. Via the DSP, if the Company wins the auction and an impression is served, the customer’s advertisement is displayed on the publisher / supplier’s mobile application.
Management evaluates whether the performance obligation contained in its insertion order (“IO”) are distinct within the context of a customer contract as defined above. We determined the nature of our performance obligations to customers is to run their programmatic media campaigns by delivering advertisements to their target audience(s). This is carried out based on parameters and strategies outlined by the customer. This performance obligation to the customer incorporates the following:
•The DSP and related services (i.e., development of campaign strategy, provision of creative services, campaign flighting, performance monitoring and serving of the ads); and
•Sourcing mobile advertising space from the Company’s network of vendors / suppliers.
None of these promises are separately identifiable from each other in the contract, as they are integrated with the DSP to provide the customer a combined output. That output empowers the customer to acquire the most valuable space for their mobile advertising campaign based on a pre-established / maximum budget in the IO. Our customers do not dictate where or how the Company sources advertising space. Likewise, the Company does not take ownership of any inventory before the mobile advertisement is served to the customer.
The Company recognizes an asset for incremental costs of obtaining a contract with the customer as long as Management expects to recover these costs. Incremental costs are those that would have not been incurred if the contract did not exist. Examples of incremental costs often capitalized are sales commissions whereas examples of costs that would not be included are internal employee salaries, standard benefits, travel costs, and other / general legal costs. Sales commissions are the only incremental contract costs the Company incurs and are paid based on collected revenue based on the recipient’s assigned accounts. As commissions are typically satisfied within one year after an executed contract, the Company applies the practical expedient under ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs: Contracts with Customers.
13

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Maintenance Fee Revenue
When a player becomes inactive on the platform by not participating in a tournament for six consecutive months, the Company will impose a monthly maintenance fee. This fee is charged to the player and recognized as revenue by the Company beginning from the first the month of inactivity.
4. Balance Sheet Components
Note Receivable
Note receivable included in other long-term assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets consisted of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Note receivable | $ | 2,000 |  |  | $ | 2,000 |

On July 7, 2023, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (together, the “Credit Agreement”) whereby it would lend approximately $2.0 million to Big Run Studio (“Big Run”). The designated rate on the credit facility is 11.5%, with interest-only for the first six months being paid, at Big Run’s option each month, (1) in cash or (2) in-kind and compounded monthly to the principal. The interest-only period may be extended in six month increments upon mutual written agreement between Big Run and Skillz. After the interest-only period, principal and interest shall be payable monthly in equal installments. The default rate is 16.5% per annum. Late charges will be assessed at 5% of the payment amount overdue if not paid within five business days of its due date. The credit facility will mature on June 1, 2025, subject to applicable permitted prepayments; provided that upon the occurrence of a six-month extension of the interest-only period, the Company may, at its discretion, also extend the maturity date of the loan by a commensurate six months. The credit facility is perfected by way of a Uniform Commercial Code-1 statement whereby the Company is provided first-order secured rights in the event of default by Big Run.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized $0.1 million of interest income related to this Credit Agreement.
See Note 16, Subsequent Events.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Credit card processing reserve | $ | 1,000 |  |  | $ | 1,000 |
Prepaid expenses | 3,809 |  |  | 4,364 |
Other current assets | 1,106 |  |  | 1,357 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | 5,915 |  |  | $ | 6,721 |

14

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment consisted of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Land | $ | 980 |  |  | $ | 980 |
Building | 12,529 |  |  | 10,541 |
Capitalized internal-use software | 9,113 |  |  | 9,113 |
Computer equipment and servers | 1,782 |  |  | 1,410 |
Furniture and fixtures | 329 |  |  | 278 |
Leasehold improvements | 117 |  |  | 117 |
Construction in progress | — |  |  | 1,745 |
Total property and equipment | 24,850 |  |  | 24,184 |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (10,029) |  |  | (9,635) |
Property and equipment, net | $ | 14,821 |  |  | $ | 14,549 |

Property and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets by geography was as follows:

| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
United States | $ | 14,462 |  |  | $ | 14,186 |
Other countries | 359 |  |  | 363 |
Total | $ | 14,821 |  |  | $ | 14,549 |

Other Current Liabilities
Other current liabilities consisted of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Accrued sales and marketing expenses | $ | 2,430 |  |  | $ | 2,275 |
Accrued compensation | 2,988 |  |  | 2,070 |
Accrued publisher fees | 3,024 |  |  | 3,607 |
End-user liability, net | 6,154 |  |  | 6,590 |
Accrued developer revenue share | 1,037 |  |  | 1,086 |
Short-term lease obligations | 779 |  |  | 831 |
Accrued legal expenses | 7,625 |  |  | 7,949 |
Accrued interest expenses | 3,877 |  |  | 554 |
Indirect tax liabilities | 12,052 |  |  | 11,206 |
Accrued operating expenses | 8,133 |  |  | 9,715 |
Other | 755 |  |  | 899 |
Other current liabilities | $ | 48,854 |  |  | $ | 46,782 |

15

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
5. Spin-Off Transaction
On August 31, 2023, in order to more directly incentivize the key employees of the Company’s subsidiary, Aarki, the Company made the determination to allow certain key employees of Aarki to receive equity awards in Aarki. On a fully diluted basis, the awards represent approximately 20% of the ownership of Aarki. On March 12, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of equity awards in Aarki, and awards were issued in March 2024. As of March 31, 2024, vested awards constituted an immaterial non-controlling interest in Aarki. Previously issued Skillz equity awards have been surrendered by the Aarki employees.
In connection with the spin-off transaction, the Company provided Aarki $5.0 million to fund its operations in exchange for Series A Preferred Stock of Aarki. The funding transaction was eliminated in consolidation and was used to properly allocate working capital to the business.
Aarki is designated as an unrestricted subsidiary under the indenture governing the Company’s 10.25% Secured Notes due 2026.
6. Fair Value Measurements
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the recorded values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of the instruments.
Cash and money market funds are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Highly liquid investments such as commercial papers and corporate bonds are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

|  | Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2024
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 271,458 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 271,458 |
Available-for-sale investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-backed securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 447 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 447 |
Total assets |  | $ | 271,458 |  |  | $ | 447 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 271,905 |

|  | Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2023
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 287,060 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 287,060 |
Available-for-sale investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-backed securities |  | — |  |  | 1,125 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,125 |
Total assets |  | $ | 287,060 |  |  | $ | 1,125 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 288,185 |

Available-for-Sale Investments
Available-for-sale investments were classified within Level 1 or Level 2 because the Company uses quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs to determine their fair value. The market values of Level 2 investments are determined based on observable inputs for the securities other than quoted prices, such as interest rates, yield curves, and credit spreads, or quoted prices for identical or similar securities in markets that are not considered active. There were no transfers between levels during the periods presented.
16

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
7. Investments
Investment Components
Investments consisted of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

|  | As of March 31, 2024
|  | Adjusted Cost Basis |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Cash and Cash Equivalents |  | Marketable Securities - Current |  | Marketable Securities - Non-current
Asset-backed securities |  | $ | 448 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 447 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 447 |
Money market funds |  | 271,458 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 271,458 |  |  | 271,458 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total investments |  | $ | 271,906 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 271,905 |  |  | $ | 271,458 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 447 |

|  | As of December 31, 2023 |
|  | Adjusted Cost Basis |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Cash and Cash Equivalents |  | Marketable Securities - Current |  | Marketable Securities - Non-current |
Asset-backed securities |  | $ | 1,132 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 1,125 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,125 |  |
Money market funds |  | 287,060 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 287,060 |  |  | 287,060 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total investments |  | $ | 288,192 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 288,185 |  |  | $ | 287,060 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,125 |  |

Non-marketable equity securities are investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values. We have accounted for these investments using the measurement alternative. Under the measurement alternative, the equity investment is initially recorded as its allocated cost, but the carrying value may be adjusted through earnings upon an impairment or when there is an observable price change involving the same or a similar investment with the same issuer. The carrying value of the Company’s investments without readily determinable fair values was $52.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and was classified within “Non-marketable equity securities” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company identified an impairment related to one of its investments in a privately held company. The Company reviewed the private company’s forecast and noted significant concerns about the private company’s ability to continue as a going concern. As a result, an impairment charge of $2.9 million was recorded in 2023. The Company did not record any other adjustments to the carrying value of its non-marketable equity securities accounted for under the measurement alternative and did not recognize any gains or losses related to the sale of non-marketable equity securities in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Unrealized Losses on Marketable Securities
Marketable securities with continuous unrealized losses for less than 12 months and 12 months or more and their related fair values were not material as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Marketable Securities Maturities

|  | Adjusted Cost Basis |  | Estimated Fair Value
March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Due after one year through five years |  | 448 |  |  | 447 |
Total |  | $ | 448 |  |  | $ | 447 |

17

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
8. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consisted of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
2021 Senior Secured Notes, non-current | $ | 129,671 |  |  | $ | 129,671 |
Unamortized discount and issuance costs | (5,326) |  |  | (5,736) |
Long-term debt, non-current | $ | 124,345 |  |  | $ | 123,935 |

2021 Senior Secured Notes
On December 20, 2021, the Company entered into $300 million of 10.25% secured notes in a private placement to certain institutional buyers. The secured note is guaranteed by the Company’s domestic restricted subsidiaries. The interest is payable semiannually on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on June 15, 2022. At issuance, the effective interest rate on the notes was 12.14%. The notes will mature on December 15, 2026 unless repurchased or redeemed earlier. On September 1, 2022, the Company repurchased $10.5 million of the principal amount of the 2021 Senior Secured Notes at 69.5% for $7.3 million plus accrued interest of $0.2 million. This resulted in a gain on extinguishment of debt of $2.6 million as the notes were redeemed for total consideration below par value of the notes as well as the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts. On April 13, 2023, the Company repurchased approximately $159.8 million of its senior secured notes. In connection with the repurchase, the Company’s recognized a gain on extinguishment of $15.2 million on the consolidated condensed statements of operations. The gain primarily reflected the payment discounts as the notes were redeemed for total consideration below the par value of the notes as well as the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts. After giving effect to the 2022 and the 2023 open market repurchases, as of March 31, 2024, $129.7 million of the senior secured notes remained outstanding and the effective interest rate is 12.09%. The secured notes contain customary covenants restricting the Company’s ability to incur debt, incur liens, make distributions to stockholders, make certain transactions with the Company’s affiliates, as well as certain other financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of March 31, 2024.
In accounting for the senior secured notes, unamortized discount and issuance costs were deducted from the carrying value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Issuance costs will be recognized as interest expense over the five-year term of the senior secured notes. The senior secured notes are classified as Level 2 financial instruments, and the fair value of the notes is presented for disclosure purposes only. The Company determined the fair value of the notes was $108.6 million as of March 31, 2024 based on secondary market quotes.
Amortization of debt issuance costs and accretion of debt discounts included in interest expense totaled $0.4 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The following table outlines maturities of the principle related to the Company’s long-term debt as of March 31, 2024:

|  | Amount
2023 |  | $ | — |
2024 |  | — |
2025 |  | — |
2026 |  | 129,671 |
Total |  | $ | 129,671 |

18

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
9. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Matters
The Company is a party to certain claims, suits, and proceedings which arise in the ordinary course and conduct of its business and has certain unresolved claims pending, the outcomes of which are not determinable at this time. The Company records a liability when it believes that it is probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If the Company determines that a loss is reasonably possible and the loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company discloses the possible loss or range of loss. In the Company’s opinion, resolution of pending matters, other than as disclosed herein, is not expected to have a material adverse impact on the results of operations, cash flows, or the Company’s financial position, as of March 31, 2024. Given the unpredictable nature of legal proceedings, there is a reasonable possibility that an unfavorable resolution of one or more such proceedings could in the future materially affect the results of operations, cash flows, or financial position in a particular period. However, based on the information known by the Company, except as set forth herein, any such amount is either immaterial or it is not possible to provide an estimated range of any such possible loss. The Company records legal fee expenses associated with such matters when the relevant services are provided.
On May 15, 2019, a former employee of the Company filed a suit against the Company in the San Francisco Superior Court in California for claims including breach of contract, retaliation and wrongful termination. The case was tried in August and September 2021. The jury found in favor of the former employee and rendered a verdict against the Company for $11.6 million in compensatory damages, and the Company recorded a loss contingency accrual of $7.1 million and corresponding general and administrative expenses in such amount in the third quarter of 2021. In April 2022, the judge in the case determined, in light of the Company’s post-verdict motions, that the instructions given to the jury at trial were defective. Accordingly, the judge ordered a new trial on damages or, alternatively, permitted the plaintiff to accept a reduced verdict in the amount of $4.4 million, which the plaintiff subsequently levied from the Company’s bank account. On May 25, 2022, the Company filed an appeal from the judgment seeking, in part, entry of judgment in the Company’s favor notwithstanding the verdict. The plaintiff accepted the reduced verdict, and filed an appeal from the judgment on June 7, 2022, seeking in part, to reinstate the jury’s original verdict (or an award less than the original verdict but greater than $4.4 million final judgement) and challenge the trial court’s conclusion that stock options are not “wages,” which was the basis for dismissing his wrongful termination and retaliation claims. Skillz filed its response and reply brief on July 7, 2023. On April 8, 2024, the Court of Appeals issued its decision, affirming the judgment of $4.4 million but adding an additional $2.3 million for a total award of $6.7 million. The Court of Appeals also affirmed the dismissal of the wrongful termination and retaliation claims, holding that stock options are not wages. The Court of Appeal’s decision became final, non-appealable and enforceable on May 20, 2024. See Note 16, Subsequent Events.
In March 2024, the Company sued Papaya Gaming, Ltd. and Papaya Gaming, Inc. (collectively, “Papaya”) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging false advertising under the Lanham Act and unfair business practices related to Papaya's marketing of its mobile games and its deployment of algorithmic competitors ("bots") in its games. In June 2024, the Court denied Papaya's motion to dismiss the Company’s complaint in its entirety. In August 2024, Papaya asserted counterclaims against the Company alleging that the Company also engaged in false advertising and unfair business practices for purportedly allowing bots in games on the Company’s platform, defamation for the Company’s involvement in a non-profit organization that collected and published data related to customer complaints to state attorney generals related to Papaya’s and other companies’ alleged fraudulent bot use, and trademark and copyright infringement of design elements of certain games, among other things. The Company has not yet responded to Papaya's counterclaims, but intends to vigorously defend the Company against all such counterclaims.
19

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Indirect Taxes
The Company is subject to indirect taxes, including sales and use tax in the United States and value-add tax in certain foreign jurisdictions. The Company has indirect tax liabilities totaling $12.1 million and $11.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, associated with indirect taxes based on currently available information and assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable based on an evaluation of relevant factors. The Company’s application of the revenue code for indirect taxes in certain jurisdictions, including those within the United States, may be challenged by taxing authorities in those jurisdictions. Any associated assessments may result in additional tax liabilities. The Company does not currently anticipate that any such assessments will result in a material increase in the liabilities. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
10. Share Repurchase Program
On August 18, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (the "Share Repurchase Program”) pursuant to which the Company may repurchase, at any time or from time to time, but for a period no longer than one year from the date of authorization, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock up to an aggregate purchase price of $65.0 million. Such purchases may be made on the New York Stock Exchange or any other national securities exchange on which the common stock is then traded. The Share Repurchase Plan is pursuant to a plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act and/or pursuant to accelerated share repurchase arrangements, tender offers, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise.
In the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 1.2 million shares at a weighted average price of $5.76 per share for an aggregate value of $7.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 2.3 million shares under the Share Repurchase Program at a weighted average price of $5.62 per share for an aggregate value of $13.0 million.
11. Stock-Based Compensation
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 147 |  |  | 1,206 |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 2,011 |  |  | 1,904 |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative | 6,580 |  |  | 7,438 |  |  |  |  |
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 8,740 |  |  | $ | 10,548 |  |  |  |  |

Equity Incentive Plans
Skillz Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan
In December 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the Skillz Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”). The 2020 Plan became effective upon consummation of the FEAC business combination and succeeds the Company’s legacy equity incentive plans. Under the 2020 Plan, the Company may grant stock-based awards to purchase or directly issue shares of common stock to employees, directors and consultants. Options are granted at a price per share equal to the fair market value of the underlying common stock at the date of grant. Options granted are exercisable over a maximum term of 10 years from the date of grant. RSUs are also granted under the 2020 Plan. These awards typically have a cliff vesting period of one year and continue to vest quarterly thereafter. The 2020 Plan also permits the Company to grant stock-based awards with performance or market conditions. In connection with the closing of the FEAC business combination, the Company entered into certain option agreements that include vesting conditions contingent upon the attainment of volume weighted average price targets related to the Company’s Class A common stock on the NYSE.
20

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
The 2020 Plan permits the Company to deliver up to 6,465,771 shares of common stock pursuant to awards issued under the 2020 Plan, consisting of 750,000 shares which may be of Class A and/or Class B common stock, 4,597,406 shares of Class A common stock and 1,118,365 shares of Class B common stock. The total number of shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock that will be reserved and that may be issued under the 2020 Plan will automatically increase on the first trading day of each calendar year, beginning with calendar year 2021, by a number of shares equal to 5% of the total number of shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, respectively, outstanding on the last day of the prior calendar year.
Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units
Stock option and RSU activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024 is as follows (in thousands, except for share, per share, and contractual term data):

|  |  | Options Outstanding |  | Restricted Stock Units
| Number of Shares Available for Issuance Under the Plan |  | Number of Shares Outstanding Under the Plan |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |  | Number of Plan shares outstanding |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per share
Balance at December 31, 2023 | 2,152,407 |  |  | 701,833 |  |  | $ | 303.73 |  |  | 6.95 |  | $ | 91 |  |  | 2,497,773 |  |  | $ | 14.93 |
Additional shares authorized | 903,395 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted | (300,743) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 300,743 |  |  | 6.36 |
Exercised/Vested | — |  |  | (552) |  |  | 3.07 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (63,805) |  |  | 27.53 |
Cancelled/Forfeited/Expired | 418,532 |  |  | (4,308) |  |  | 15.32 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (414,224) |  |  | 18.25 |
Balance at March 31, 2024 | 3,173,591 |  |  | 696,973 |  |  | $ | 305.75 |  |  | 6.71 |  | $ | 94 |  |  | 2,320,487 |  |  | $ | 12.88 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 98,469 |  |  | $ | 9.52 |  |  | 4.56 |  | $ | 90 |  |  |  |  |
Exercisable at March 31, 2024 |  |  | 95,745 |  |  | 9.60 |  |  | 4.30 |  | 93 |  |  |  |  |
Unvested at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 603,364 |  |  | 351.75 |  |  | 6.95 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
Unvested at March 31, 2024 |  |  | 601,228 |  |  | 352.92 |  |  | 6.71 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |

The number of RSUs granted and outstanding does not include 0.6 million performance-based RSUs which the Company issued as of March 31, 2024, as the performance-based RSUs are not deemed granted for accounting purposes because the performance-based RSUs are subjected to performance criteria established by the Company’s Board at the recommendation of its Compensation Committee. Additionally, the stock option and RSU activity presented in the table above does not include activity related to the 2022 CFO Restricted Stock Unit and Performance award, 2022 CEO Restricted Stock Unit and Performance Award, 2021 CEO Performance Award and Founders’ Option Agreements, described below.
As of March 31, 2024, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options, restricted common stock, RSUs, performance-based RSUs and performance stock units was $48.0 million. Restricted stock generally vests over periods of one to eight years. The weighted-average period over which such compensation expense will be recognized is 2.6 years.
The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was not material during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
21

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
2022 CFO Restricted Stock Unit and Performance Award
The Company granted the Company’s President and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) a restricted stock unit award covering shares of the Class A common stock with a grant date value equal to $15.0 million, comprised of 0.5 million restricted stock units. These grants vest 25% on the first anniversary of CFO’s start date and the remainder vest in 12 substantially equal quarterly installments, in each case subject to continuous service with the Company through each applicable vesting date, provided that the grant vests in full if the CFO is terminated without cause following a change of control of the Company. On September 30, 2022, the restricted stock unit award was re-measured based on the fair value of an underlying share of the Class A common stock, which was equal to $10.7 million, and the Company then reclassified the liability classified award to additional paid-in capital as the number of shares became fixed. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized $0.3 million in compensation expense related to this grant.
In addition, the Company issued to the CFO a performance stock unit award covering shares of the Class A common stock with a fair value of $5.0 million as of the issuance date, comprised of 0.2 million performance stock units. Such award vests over four one-year periods, with pro-rata vesting for the first and last performance periods, in each case subject to continuous service with the Company through each applicable vesting date and the attainment of certain corporate performance goals. The Company did not award any performance stock units for the year ended December 31, 2023 as the performance goals were not achieved.
On January 5, 2024 the CFO informed the Company of his decision to step down from his position. The unvested portion of the grants awarded under the 2022 CFO Restricted Stock Unit and Performance Award were all forfeited as of March 31, 2024.
2022 CEO Restricted Stock Unit and Performance Award
The Company granted the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) a restricted stock unit award covering shares of the Class A common stock with a grant date value equal to $25.9 million, comprised of 1.4 million restricted stock units. Such grant vests 25% on the first anniversary of January 1, 2023 and the remainder vests in 12 substantially equal quarterly installments, in each case subject to continuous service with the Company through each applicable vesting date, provided that the grant vests in full if the CEO is terminated without cause following a change of control of the Company. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized $0.9 million in compensation expense related to this grant. As of March 31, 2024, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to the non-vested CEO restricted stock unit award was $9.7 million. The Company expects this cost to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 3.7 years.
In addition, the Company issued to the CEO a performance stock unit award covering shares of the Class A common stock with a fair value of $8.6 million as of the issuance date, comprised of 0.5 million performance stock units. Such award vests over four one-year periods, in each case subject to continuous service with the Company through each applicable vesting date and the attainment of certain corporate performance goals. As of March 31, 2024, the award was not considered granted for accounting purposes as the performance goals have not been achieved.
Founders’ Option Agreements
In December 2020, the Company entered into option agreements with each of the CEO and Chief Strategy Officer (“CSO”) (the “Option Agreements”) awarding them options to purchase (i) 498,000 shares of Class B common stock to the CEO and (ii) 102,000 shares of Class A common stock to the CSO with an exercise price of $353.60. The options will vest in three equal increments as follows (i) one-third (1/3) of the options shall vest and become exercisable as of the date, following the grant date, that the volume weighted average price on the NYSE over a ten (10) trading day period of underlying Class A common stock (“VWAP”) equals or exceeds 3.0x the VWAP of the shares as of the Closing Date (as defined in the Options Agreements), (ii) one-third (1/3) of the options shall vest and become exercisable as of the date, following the grant date, that the VWAP of the shares equals or exceeds 4.0x the VWAP of the shares as of the Closing Date; and (iii) one-third (1/3) of the options shall vest and become exercisable as of the date, following the grant date, that the VWAP of the shares equals or exceeds 5.0x the VWAP of the shares as of the Closing Date.
22

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
The $93.4 million grant date fair value of the Founders’ Options was estimated using a model based on multiple stock price paths developed through the use of a Monte Carlo simulation that incorporates into the valuation the possibility that the market condition targets may not be satisfied. The significant inputs to the valuation included the Class A stock price and the risk-free interest rate as of the grant date, as well as the estimated volatility of the Class A common stock. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized $4.8 million, in compensation expense related to these grants. As of March 31, 2024, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to the Option Agreements was $29.5 million, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 1.62 years.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In June 2021, the Company commenced its first offering period under the Skillz, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the Employee Stock Purchase Plan), which assists employees in acquiring a stock ownership interest in the Company and encourages them to remain in the employment of the Company. The Employee Stock Purchase Plan is intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. The Employee Stock Purchase Plan permits eligible employees to purchase common stock at a discount through payroll deductions during specified offering periods. No employee may purchase more than $25.0 thousand worth of stock in any calendar year. The price of shares purchased under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan is equal to 85% of the fair market value of the common stock on the first or last day of the offering period, whichever is lower. The total Employee Stock Purchase plan expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were not material.
12. Income Taxes
The Company’s provision for income taxes was $38.0 thousand and $69.0 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This represents an effective tax rate of (20)% for both periods. The Company has historically been in an overall loss position and is only subject to foreign and state taxes. The Company maintains a full valuation allowance for all of its net deferred tax assets. The March 31, 2024 effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate due to the change in need for valuation allowance, as well as due to foreign and state taxes.
13. Related-Party Transactions
With the exception of Executive grants as discussed in Note 11, Stock-Based Compensation, the Company did not have any material related party transactions in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
14. Segment Reporting
Effective beginning in the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company had two operating and reportable segments.
In accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, in the event of a change in the structure of a company’s organization that causes the composition of its reportable segments to change, the corresponding information for earlier periods is to be restated. The disclosures below reflect the change in the Company’s reportable segments (from one segment to two segments) for the first quarters of fiscal years 2024 and 2023.
A description of the Company’s two reportable segments, including products and services, is as follows.
Skillz
Skillz is a leading eSports gaming platform. Its platform enables game developers to monetize their content through multi-player competition. By utilizing Skillz’ monetization services, developers can enhance their end-user experiences by enabling them to compete in head-to-head matches, live tournaments, leagues, and charity events while also increasing player retention through referral bonus programs, loyalty perks, on-system achievements, and rewards / prizes. Skillz provides its monetization services to developers via a downloadable software development kit (“SDK”). The SDK integrates with developers’ existing games. Monetization services include end-user registration, player matching, fraud & fair play monitoring, and settlement for player billings and payouts. Skillz is headquartered in Las Vegas, NV with offices in Los Angeles, CA, Canada, and India.
23

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Aarki
Aarki is an AI company that delivers advertising solutions to drive revenue growth for mobile app developers. Aarki enables brands to effectively engage audiences in a privacy-first world by using billions of contextual bidding signals coupled with proprietary machine learning and behavioral models. Aarki works with hundreds of advertisers globally and manages approximately 5 million mobile ad requests per second from over 10 billion devices. Aarki is headquartered in San Francisco, CA, with offices in Europe, the Middle East and Asia.
The Company’s corporate operations primarily support Skillz and are included in the results for the Skillz segment. Likewise, Aarki has its own corporate operations, which are included in the Aarki segment.
The CODM evaluates the performance of the Company’s segments based on Segment Revenue and Segment Adjusted EBITDA. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is indicative of operational performance and is monitored by the CODM to evaluate past performance and identify actions required to improve profitability. The CODM does not review information regarding total assets on a reportable segment basis.
The following tables provide summarized information about the Company’s operations by reportable segment and a reconciliation of Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Net Loss in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue |  |  |
Skillz Segment | $ | 22,417 |  |  | $ | 40,028 |
Aarki Segment | 2,865 |  |  | 4,513 |
Elimination | (47) |  |  | (158) |
Total Revenue | $ | 25,235 |  |  | $ | 44,383 |
Segment Adjusted EBITDA |  |  |
Skillz Segment | $ | (15,691) |  |  | $ | (19,682) |
Aarki Segment | (2,045) |  |  | (1,212) |
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (17,736) |  |  | $ | (20,894) |
Items to reconcile Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Net Loss: |  |  |
Interest income (expense), net | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | (3,494) |
Stock-based compensation | (8,740) |  |  | (10,548) |
Change in fair value of warrant liability | 9 |  |  | (1) |
Provision for income taxes | (38) |  |  | (69) |
Depreciation and amortization | (395) |  |  | (626) |
Other income, net | 65 |  |  | 39 |
Net Loss | $ | (26,723) |  |  | $ | (35,593) |

15. Net Loss Per Share
24

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
The Company computes net loss per share of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock using the two-class method required for participating securities. Basic and diluted loss per share are the same for each class of common stock because they are entitled to the same liquidation and dividend rights. The effect of potentially dilutive common shares is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per Class A common stock and Class B common stock (in thousands, except for share and per share data):

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss – basic and diluted | $ | (26,723) |  |  | $ | (35,593) |  |  |  |  |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted | 18,461,221 |  |  | 20,883,293 |  |  |  |  |
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders – basic and diluted | $ | (1.45) |  |  | $ | (1.70) |  |  |  |  |

The following outstanding common stock equivalents were considered antidilutive, and therefore, excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented (share numbers are not in thousands).

| As of March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Common stock warrants | 226,786 |  |  | 226,786 |
Common stock options | 696,973 |  |  | 992,954 |
Performance stock units | 567,604 |  |  | — |
Restricted stock units | 2,320,487 |  |  | 2,650,360 |
Total | 3,811,850 |  |  | 3,870,100 |

16. Subsequent Events
Former Employee Litigation
The resolution on May 20, 2024 of the suit brought by a former employee of the Company on May 15, 2019 resulted in a $3.5 million reduction in litigation expense which was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2023. See Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies.
25

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Skillz vs AviaGames Settlement
On February 9, 2024, a federal jury in San Jose, California issued a verdict in favor of Skillz in a patent infringement action Skillz brought against a privately-held mobile gaming company, AviaGames, Inc. (“AviaGames”), on April 5, 2021 (“Patent Case”). The jury found in favor of Skillz on all issues, determining AviaGames willfully infringed Skillz’s U.S. Patent No. 9,649,564, entitled “Peer-to-Peer Wagering Platform” (the “‘564 patent”) and awarding Plaintiff Skillz Platform Inc. (“Skillz”) its full damages request of $42.9 million. After the jury verdict issued, Skillz requested certain post-trial relief, including that the Court permanently enjoin AviaGames from continuing to infringe the ‘564 patent, award Skillz its attorneys’ fees due to the exceptional nature of the case, and treble the damages awarded by the jury. In addition, Skillz, along with game developer Big Run Studios, Inc. (“Big Run”), brought a separate case against AviaGames for false advertising, copyright infringement, and violations of California’s state unfair competition law in federal court in San Francisco, California (“Unfair Competition Case”). On April 13, 2024, Skillz, Big Run, and AviaGames entered into a settlement agreement with respect to both the Patent Case and Unfair Competition Case pending against AviaGames. In exchange for dismissal of both actions and other settlement terms, AviaGames agreed to pay Skillz and Big Run a total of $80 million. Skillz and Big Run have collectively received $50 million from AviaGames pursuant to the settlement agreement. Of the $50 million received, Skillz was entitled to $46 million and Big Run was entitled to $4 million. Beginning in March of 2025, AviaGames is required to pay Skillz $7.5 million annually for a four-year period as royalty payments for AviaGames’ license of the ’564 patent and its patent family.
Hanna vs. Paradise, et al.
In March 2024, an alleged stockholder filed a putative derivative complaint, Hanna v. Paradise, et al., No. 2024-0228-KSJM, in the Delaware Court of Chancery, purportedly on behalf of the Company against certain of the Company’s current and former officers, directors, and stockholders. The complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duties, aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duties, and unjust enrichment arising out of the Company’s March 2021 underwritten public offering. The complaint asserts that certain of the director and officer defendants breached fiduciary duties to the Company by allegedly inappropriately selling stock as part of the public offering; that the stockholder defendants aided and abetted these alleged breaches of fiduciary duties; and that all defendants were unjustly enriched by their sales in the public offering. The complaint seeks unspecified damages and restitution for the Company from the defendants and the payment of costs and attorneys’ fees. Defendants moved to dismiss the complaint on June 6, 2024, and briefing on the motion should be complete by the end of August 2024. The Court is likely to schedule oral arguments for a date after the briefing is complete.
Skillz vs. Voodoo SAS et. al.
In July 2024, the Company sued Voodoo SAS and two affiliate entities, Esport Newco SAS and Esport Newco US Corp. (collectively, "Voodoo") in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging false advertising under the Lanham Act and unfair business practices related to Papaya's marketing of its mobile games and its deployment of algorithmic competitors ("bots") in its games. Voodoo has not yet responded to the Company’s complaint.
Note Receivable
On April 12, 2024, the Company and Big Run Studio entered into a Side Letter Agreement providing that a portion of the AviaGames settlement funds allocated to Big Run Studio be utilized to repay the outstanding principal amount and accrued interest under the Loan and Security Agreement totaling $2.0 million. On May 3, 2024, Big Run Studio repaid all of the outstanding principal amount and accrued interest under the Loan and Security Agreement.
26

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SKILLZ INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, amounts in tables are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Purchase of Treasury Stock
On August 18, 2023, the Board has determined that it is advisable and in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to authorize the Company to repurchase, at any time or from time to time but for a period no longer than one year from the date hereof, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), having an aggregate purchase price not to exceed $65.0 million (a) on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) or any other national securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then traded, (b) pursuant to a plan effected pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 (a “Rule 10b5-1 Plan”) promulgated under the Exchange Act, and/or (c) pursuant to accelerated share repurchase arrangements, tender offers, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise (the “Share Repurchase Program”).
As of August 15, 2024 the Company has repurchased 4.1 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $5.78/share for a total cost (including commission) of $23.9 million.
27

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Skillz Inc. (for purposes of this section, “Skillz,” “we,” “us” and “our”). MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Annual Report”), and our financial statements and the accompanying Notes to Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q). This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those described in Part I, Item IA, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report and Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future.
Overview
We operate a marketplace that connects the world through competition, serving both developers and users. Our platform enables fair, fun and competitive gaming experiences and the trust we foster with users is the foundation upon which our community is built. We believe our marketplace benefits from a powerful network effect: compelling content attracts users to our platform, while the increasing size of our audience attracts more developers to create new interactive experiences on our platform.
Skillz was founded in 2012 by Andrew Paradise and Casey Chafkin with the vision to make eSports accessible to everyone possible. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the platform had over 0.8 million monthly active users (“MAUs”) and hosts an average of over 1.8 million daily tournaments, including 0.4 million paid entry daily tournaments, offering over $42.6 million in prizes each month.
Our culture is built upon a set of values established by our founders, aligning the Company and its employees in a common vision. Our seven values are: Honor; Mission; Collaboration; Productivity; Willingness; Frugality; and Balance. Our approach has focused on trust and fairness for users enabling game developers to focus on what they do best: build great content.
Our technology capabilities are industry-leading and provide the tools necessary for developers to compete with the largest and most sophisticated mobile game developers in the world. Our easy-to-integrate software development kit (“SDK”) and developer console allow our developers to monitor, integrate and update their games seamlessly over the air. We ingest and analyze over 300 data points from each game play session, enhancing our data-driven algorithms and LiveOps systems. Moreover, we have developed a robust platform enabling fun, fair and meaningful competitive gameplay.
Historically, our top games and related developers have accounted for a substantial portion of our revenue earned from the Skillz platform. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the games Solitaire Cube, 21 Blitz (each developed by Tether Studios, LLC (“Tether”)) and Blackout Bingo (developed by Big Run Studios Inc. (“Big Run”)) combined accounted for 67% and 70% of our revenue, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, Tether accounted for 48% and 44% of our revenue, respectively. Our top titles rotate over time as more games generate success on the Skillz platform.
28

TABLE OF CONTENTS
The following supplemental financial information table summarizes key operating metrics for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. These metrics are utilized by management and the Board to evaluate the operating performance of the Company and are key factors that directly impact the Company’s revenue, costs and liquidity. Accordingly, we believe that they provide helpful supplemental information to investors in evaluating our operating results.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross marketplace volume (“GMV”) (000s)(1) | $ | 161,269 |  |  | $ | 277,632 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Paying monthly active users (“PMAUs”) (000s)(2) | 121 |  |  | 214 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Monthly active users (“MAUs”) (000s)(3) | 860 |  |  | 1,176 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average GMV per paying monthly active user(4) | $ | 444.3 |  |  | $ | 432.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average GMV per monthly active user(5) | $ | 62.5 |  |  | $ | 78.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average revenue per paying monthly active user (“ARPPU”)(6) | $ | 69.8 |  |  | $ | 69.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average revenue per monthly active user (“ARPU”)(7) | $ | 9.8 |  |  | $ | 12.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Paying MAU to MAU ratio | 14 | % |  | 18 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average end-user incentives, included as sales and marketing expense, per paying active user(8) | $ | 24.06 |  |  | $ | 27.40 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average end-user incentives, included as sales and marketing expense, per playing active user(9) | $ | 3.39 |  |  | $ | 4.98 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) “GMV” or “Gross Marketplace Volume” means the total entry fees paid by users for contests hosted on Skillz’s platform. Total entry fees include entry fees paid by end-users using cash deposits, prior winnings from end-users’ accounts that have not been withdrawn, and end-user incentives used to enter paid entry fee contests.
(2) “Paying Monthly Active Users” or “PMAUs” means the number of end-users who entered into a paid contest hosted on Skillz’s platform at least once in a month, averaged over each month in the period.
(3) “Monthly Active Users” or “MAUs” means the number of playing end-users who entered into a paid or free contest hosted on Skillz’s platform at least once in a month, averaged over each month in the period.
(4) “Average GMV Per Paying Monthly Active User” means the average GMV in a given month divided by Paying MAUs in that month, averaged over the period.
(5) “Average GMV Per Monthly Active User” means the average GMV in a given month divided by MAUs in that month, averaged over the period.
(6) “Average Revenue Per Paying Monthly Active User” or “ARPPU” means the average revenue in a given month divided by Paying MAUs in that month, averaged over the period and does not include a deduction for end-user incentives that are included in sales and marketing expense.
(7) “Average Revenue Per Monthly Active User” or “ARPU” means the average revenue in a given month divided by MAUs in that month, averaged over the period and does not include a deduction for end-user incentives that are included in sales and marketing expense.
(8) Amount reflects the average end-user incentives included in sales and marketing expense in a given month divided by PMAUs in that month, averaged over the period.
(9) Amount reflects the average end-user incentives included in sales and marketing expense in a given month divided by MAUs in that month, averaged over the period.
Engagement marketing is a sales and marketing expense representing rewards and awards that developers do not have a valid expectation of being offered to end-users to engage on the platform. Decreases in engagement marketing could result in lower revenue as paying users no longer receive those end-user incentives, which include Bonus Cash which can only be used to enter into paid contests.
User acquisition (“UA”) marketing is a sales and marketing expense to acquire new paying users to the platform. Assuming acquisition cost per user is constant, decreases in UA marketing expense typically result in lower revenue as a result of having fewer new paying users. UA marketing spend for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $5.6 million, as compared to $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The reduction in UA marketing and engagement marketing expenses during fiscal year 2023 and the first quarter of 2024 has resulted in a substantial reduction in revenue and is expected to continue to result in a reduction in revenue. We are currently unable to reasonably estimate the quantitative impact, or range of impact, that reductions in UA marketing and engagement marketing will have on forward-looking revenue as a result of the number of interrelated factors impacting revenue, including, but not limited to, retention of existing users on the platform, ARPPU, efficacy of various engagement marketing programs on existing users, elasticity of the digital advertising supply curve, and impact of varying levels of player liquidity on the existing user ecosystem.
29

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Our focus has continued to be on driving higher efficiency from our marketing investment by (1) reducing spend on low-return engagement marketing programs, which we expect will result in lower engagement marketing as a percentage of revenue and (2) driving UA efficiency by optimizing spend across networks and driving higher organic traffic. To the extent we reduce engagement marketing spend, we expect to reduce our Bonus Cash end-user incentives in proportion to such overall engagement marketing reduction.
Our Financial Model
Skillz’s financial model aligns the interests of gamers and developers, driving value for our stockholders. By monetizing through competition, our system eliminates friction that exists in traditional monetization models between the developer and the gamer. The more gamers enjoy our platform, the longer they play, creating more value for Skillz and our developers. By generating higher player to payor conversion, retention and engagement, we are able to monetize users at higher rates than what our developers would generate through advertisements or in-game purchases.
Our platform allows users to participate in fair competition, while rewarding developers who create games that keep players engaged. We generate revenue by receiving a percentage of player entry fees in paid (cash or Bonus Cash) contests, after deducting end-user prizes (i.e., winnings from the competitions), end-user incentives accounted for as reduction of revenue and the profit share paid to developers (the “Take Rate”). GMV represents entry fees that may be paid using cash deposits, prior winnings (which includes Bonus Cash previously won and returned as winnings), and end-user incentives (which includes Bonus Cash that has been lost during the period). We offer incentives to end-users to drive traffic to the Skillz platform. End-user incentives that are offered on behalf of game developers, such as Ticketz (which can be redeemed for Bonus Cash) and initial deposit Bonus Cash, are accounted for as a reduction of revenue. End-user incentives for which game developers do not have a valid expectation of being offered to end-users to engage on the platform, such as limited-time Bonus Cash offers, are accounted for as a sales and marketing expense. Refer to Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.
The following table summarizes additional components of GMV, including average GMV per active user and average GMV per paying active user for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As a percentage of GMV(%) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior winnings (1) | 81 | % |  | 81 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash deposits (2) | 13 | % |  | 12 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
End-user incentives (3) | 6 | % |  | 7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As components of average GMV per paying monthly active user ($) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior winnings | $ | 360.1 |  | $ | 349.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash deposits | $ | 59.8 |  | $ | 53.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
End-user incentives | $ | 27.3 |  | $ | 30.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As components of average GMV per monthly active user ($) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior winnings | $ | 50.7 |  | $ | 63.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash deposits | $ | 8.4 |  | $ | 9.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
End-user incentives | $ | 3.8 |  | $ | 5.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) ‘Prior winnings’ include cash and Bonus Cash that are in the end-user’s account as a result of winnings from competitions.
(2) ‘Cash deposits’ represent currency deposits into the end-user’s Skillz account during the respective period.
(3) ‘End-user incentives’ are based on amounts recorded as a reduction of revenue or sales and marketing expense during the respective period. End-user incentives primarily consist of (i) Bonus Cash, (ii) Ticketz (which can be redeemed for Bonus Cash) and (iii) promotional offers. Bonus Cash relates to all Bonus Cash that has been lost during the period (i.e., when the related cost has been incurred by the Company). Refer to Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of our condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.
30

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Prizes include cash, Bonus Cash, physical merchandise and items sponsored by third-parties. Prizes for the three months ended March 31, 2024 consisted of approximately 85% Cash and 15% Bonus Cash. Prizes for the three months ended March 31, 2023, consisted of approximately 92% cash, 8% Bonus Cash. Physical merchandise and items sponsored by third-parties were de minimis for the periods presented.
The following are key elements of our financial model:
•The scale, growth and engagement of the users — As we continue to acquire users, our ability to match comparable players, on both skill level and tournament template, in a fair and timely manner improves. Better matching leads to stronger engagement and the ability to create larger tournaments with more profitable take rates. This creates a stickier, more engaging, and continuously improving experience for our players, which in turn attracts more players to our platform, creating a positively reinforcing cycle leading to ever-improving gaming experiences.
•The scale, growth and partnership of our developers — We have created a platform that drives economic success for our developers. Our end-to-end platform allows developers to focus on creating games by automating and optimizing integral parts of their businesses — from user acquisition and monetization to game optimization. Our built-in payments, analytics, customer support, and live operations platform enables our developers to consistently learn, grow, earn and share in our success.
•Product-first philosophy and data science capabilities — We have built a culture that puts product first, driving our impact with users and developers and then scaling marketing investment. Our easy-to-integrate SDK contains over 200 features in a less than 16-MB package which allows for over-the-air upgrades. Our intuitive Developer Console dashboard enables our developers to rapidly integrate and monitor the performance of their games. Our LiveOps system enables us to manage and optimize the user experience across the thousands of games on our platform. We collect over 300 data points during each gameplay session to feed our big data assets which augment all elements of our platform. Our key data science technologies drive our player rating and matching, anti-cheat and anti-fraud, and user experience personalization engine.
•Our unit economics — Our proprietary and highly scalable software platform produces revenue at a low direct cost (i.e. direct software and server costs), contributing to our gross margins. Once acquired, each user cohort contributes to revenue over its life such that at three months, approximately 20% of users in a cohort continue to be paying users and the balance of PMAUs have churned. Thereafter, our retention curve continues to flatten with a limited portion of users continuing to contribute to revenue in each cohort for subsequent years. A cohort is all the users acquired in the period presented. A user is considered part of a cohort based on the first time they make a deposit and enter a paid tournament. Once a user is considered part of a cohort, they are always counted in that cohort.
Key Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
Skillz provides a service to the game developers aimed at improving the monetization of their game content. The monetization service provided by Skillz allows developers to offer multi-player competition to their end-users which increases end-user retention and engagement.
By utilizing the Skillz monetization services, game developers can enhance the player experience by enabling them to compete in head-to-head matches, live tournaments, leagues, and charity tournaments and increase player retention through referral bonus programs, loyalty perks, on-system achievements and Bonus Cash. Skillz provides developers with a SDK that they can download and integrate with their existing games. The SDK serves as a data interface between Skillz and the game developers that enables Skillz to provide monetization services to the developer. Specifically, these monetization services include end-user registration services, player matching, fraud and fair play monitoring, and billing and settlement services. The SDK and Skillz monetization services provide the following key benefits to the developers:
•Streamlined game and tournament management allowing players to register with the developer to compete in games for prizes while earning Skillz loyalty perks;
•Fair play in each tournament via the Skillz suite of fairness tools, including skill-based player matching and fraud monitoring;
•Improved end-user retention by rewarding the most loyal players with Ticketz which can be redeemed in the Skillz virtual store and are earned in every match and can be redeemed for prizes or credits to be used towards future paid entry fee tournaments;
•Marketing campaigns through main-stream online advertising networks and social media platforms to drive end-user traffic to developers’ games within the Skillz ecosystem;
31

TABLE OF CONTENTS
•Systematic calls to end-user action via push notifications to users with game results, promotional offers, and time-sensitive actions; and
•Process end-user payments, billings and settlements on behalf of the developer to enable players to connect their preferred payment method to deposit and enter into the game developers’ multi-player competitions for cash prizes.
Generally, end-users are required to deposit funds into their Skillz account in order to be eligible to participate in games for prizes. As part of its monetization services, Skillz is responsible for processing all end-user payments, billings and settlements on behalf of the game developer, such that the game developer does not have to collect directly from or make payments directly to the end-users. When the end-users enter into cash games, the end-users pay an entry fee using cash deposits, prior winnings in the end-users’ accounts and end-user incentives (specifically Bonus Cash). Skillz is entitled to a revenue share based on total entry fees for paid competitions, regardless of how they are paid, net of end-user prizes (i.e., winnings from the competitions) and other costs to provide monetization services. Revenue related to Bonus Cash is recognized only once when the Bonus Cash is lost. Skillz does not recognize the cost of Bonus Cash when it is returned to the user who won the competition.
Skillz typically withholds 16% to 20% of the total entry fees when distributing the prize money as a commission. That commission is shared between Skillz and the game developers; however, the game developers’ share is calculated solely based upon entry fees paid by net cash deposits received from end-users, adjusted for certain costs incurred by Skillz to provide monetization services.
Costs and Expenses
Cost of Revenue
Our cost of revenue consists of variable costs. These include mainly (i) payment processing fees, (ii) customer support costs, (iii) direct software costs, (iv) amortization of internal use software and (v) server costs.
We incur payment processing costs on user deposits. We also incur costs directly related to servicing end-user support tickets on behalf of the game developer that are logged by users directly within the Skillz SDK. These support costs include an allocation of the facilities expense, such as rent, maintenance and utilities costs according to headcount, needed to service these tickets. We use a third party as our cloud computing service; we incur server and software costs as a direct result of running our SDK in our developers’ games. We also incur costs related to the amortization of intangible assets which include developed technology.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist of software development costs, composed mainly of product and platform development, server and software costs that support research and development activities, and to a lesser extent, allocation of rent, maintenance and utilities costs according to headcount. Personnel related expenses consist of salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation. We expect research and development expenses will fluctuate both in terms of absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue in the future.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of direct advertising costs, engagement marketing expenses that are not recorded as a reduction of revenue, UA marketing expenses and amortization of intangible assets which include customer relationships. Sales and marketing expenses also include allocations of rent, maintenance and utilities costs which are allocated according to headcount. Personnel related expenses consist of salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation. We expect sales and marketing expenses will fluctuate both in terms of absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue in the future.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist of personnel-related expenses for our corporate, executive, finance, human resources and other administrative functions, expenses for outside professional services, and an allocation for rent, maintenance and utilities costs which are allocated according to headcount. Personnel related expenses consist of salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation. General and administrative expenses also include expenses related to a loss contingency accrual (for pending legal matters).
32

TABLE OF CONTENTS
We expect our general and administrative expenses to decrease for the foreseeable future as we reposition the Company for profitability. We do not anticipate that we will grow headcount significantly and expect to reduce certain general and administrative expenses including professional service expenses, investor relations activities, and other administrative services.
Results of Operations
Consolidated results should be read in conjunction with segment results discussed below and the segment information provided in Note 14, Segment Reporting to our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Comparison for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | 2024 to 2023 Change |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  |  |
|  |  | Amount |  | Percentage |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 25,235 |  |  | $ | 44,383 |  |  | $ | (19,148) |  |  | (43) | % |  |  |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue | 3,451 |  |  | 4,582 |  |  | (1,131) |  |  | (25) | % |  |  |
Research and development | 4,624 |  |  | 8,881 |  |  | (4,257) |  |  | (48) | % |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 20,994 |  |  | 34,918 |  |  | (13,924) |  |  | (40) | % |  |  |
General and administrative | 23,037 |  |  | 28,070 |  |  | (5,033) |  |  | (18) | % |  |  |
Total costs and expenses | 52,106 |  |  | 76,451 |  |  | (24,345) |  |  | (32) | % |  |  |
Loss from operations | (26,871) |  |  | (32,068) |  |  | 5,197 |  |  | (16) | % |  |  |
Interest income (expense), net | 112 |  |  | (3,494) |  |  | 3,606 |  |  | (103) | % |  |  |
Change in fair value of common stock warrant liabilities | 9 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 10 |  |  | (1000) | % |  |  |
Other income, net | 65 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 67 | % |  |  |
Loss before income taxes | (26,685) |  |  | (35,524) |  |  | 8,839 |  |  | (25) | % |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 38 |  |  | 69 |  |  | (31) |  |  | (45) | % |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (26,723) |  |  | $ | (35,593) |  |  | $ | 8,870 |  |  | (25) | % |  |  |

Revenue
Revenue decreased by $19.1 million, or 43%, to $25.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $44.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in the Company’s player base as our monthly active users decreased 27% from 2023. This decrease reflects the decrease of our UA marketing and engagement marketing spend by 33% and 50%, respectively from 2024 to 2023. The reduction in user acquisition and engagement marketing spend was driven to prioritize probability over revenue growth. The Company has continued to intentionally reduce spend in order to achieve better user acquisition efficiency and eliminate lower-return engagement marketing programs.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue decreased by $1.1 million, or 25%, to $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $4.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in cost of revenue was primarily driven by a reduction in server costs, payment processing costs, and reductions in customer support personnel costs.
Research and Development
Research and development costs decreased by $4.3 million, or 48%, to $4.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $8.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by a $2.7 million reduction in employee related costs such as salaries and bonuses as a result of lower headcount. Additionally, professional fees and equipment and software expense decreased $0.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
33

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing costs decreased by $13.9 million, or 40%, to $21.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $34.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by 33% and 50% decreases in UA and engagement marketing spend, respectively. This intentional decrease was driven by the strategic decision to prioritize profitability over revenue growth. UA marketing and engagement marketing decreased by $2.8 million and $8.8 million, respectively. Additionally, employee related costs and professional fees decreased by $1.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively.
General and Administrative
General and administrative costs decreased by $5.0 million, or 18%, to $23.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $28.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by a $4.1 million decrease in professional fees as we continue to reduce our reliance on contractors. Additionally, employee related costs decreased $1.6 million related to severance payments made in 2023 and equity forfeitures from the resignation of our General Counsel and President and CFO in 2024.
Interest income (expense), net
Interest income was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to interest expense of $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease of $3.6 million in interest expense was primarily driven by the repurchase of debt in the second quarter of 2023.
Provision for income taxes
Provision for income taxes decreased by $31.0 thousand to $38.0 thousand in the three months ended March 31, 2024, from $69.0 thousand in the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by change in need for valuation allowance, decrease in foreign activities, and reduced expected state tax liabilities.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP measure is useful in evaluating our operational performance. We use the following non-GAAP financial information to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that non-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively with GAAP financial information, may be helpful to investors in assessing our operating performance. These results should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, results reported in accordance with GAAP.
34

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Adjusted EBITDA
“Adjusted EBITDA” is defined as net loss, excluding interest income (expense), net; change in fair value of common stock warrant liabilities; other income, net; provision for income taxes; depreciation and amortization; stock-based compensation expense and related payroll tax expense; and certain other non-cash or non-recurring items impacting net loss from time to time, including, but not limited to impairment charges, loss contingency accruals, restructuring charges and one-time nonrecurring expenses, as they are not indicative of business operations. Adjusted EBITDA is intended as a supplemental measure of our performance that is neither required by, nor presented in accordance with, GAAP. Our management believes Adjusted EBITDA is useful in evaluating its operating performance and is a similar measure reported by publicly-listed U.S. competitors, and regularly used by security analysts, institutional investors, and other interested parties in analyzing operating performance and prospects. By providing this non-GAAP measure, we intend to provide investors with an additional tool to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends and in comparing the Company’s financial measures with those of comparable companies, which may present similar non-GAAP financial measures to investors. However, you should be aware that when evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, we may incur future expenses similar to those excluded when calculating this measure. In addition, our presentation of this measure should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies, because all companies may not calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner.
Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using Adjusted EBITDA on a supplemental basis. You should review the reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA below and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.
The following table reconciles net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (26,723) |  |  | $ | (35,593) |  |  |  |  |
Interest income (expense), net | (112) |  |  | 3,494 |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 8,740 |  |  | 10,548 |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of warrant liability | (9) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 38 |  |  | 69 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 395 |  |  | 626 |  |  |  |  |
Other income, net | (65) |  |  | (39) |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (17,736) |  |  | $ | (20,894) |  |  |  |  |

Segment Results
We have two reportable business segments; the Skillz segment and the Aarki segment. Our corporate operations primarily support Skillz and are included in the results for the Skillz segment. Likewise, Aarki has its own corporate operations, which are included in the Aarki segment.
The change from one to two reportable business segments was effective beginning in the fourth quarter of 2023. To provide comparability between reporting periods, results for the first quarter of 2023 have been recast to reflect this change.
We evaluate the performance of our segments based on Segment Revenue and Segment Adjusted EBITDA. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is indicative of operational performance and is monitored by management to evaluate past performance and identify actions required to improve profitability.
The segment measurements provided to, and evaluated by, the CODM are described in Note 14 Segment Reporting to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Segment Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023
The following table provides Segment Revenue and Segment Adjusted EBITDA for each of our segments.
35

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | 2024 to 2023 Change
|  |  |  |  |  | Increase/(Decrease)
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ |  | %
Skillz Segment Revenue |  | $ | 22,417 |  |  | $ | 40,028 |  |  | (17,611) |  |  | (44.0) | %
Aarki Segment Revenue |  | 2,865 |  |  | 4,513 |  |  | (1,648) |  |  | (36.5) | %
Elimination |  | (47) |  |  | (158) |  |  | 111 |  |  | 70.3 | %
Consolidated Revenue |  | $ | 25,235 |  |  | $ | 44,383 |  |  | (19,148) |  |  | (43.1) | %
Skillz Segment Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | (15,691) |  |  | $ | (19,682) |  |  | 3,991 |  |  | 20.3 | %
Aarki Segment Adjusted EBITDA |  | (2,045) |  |  | (1,212) |  |  | (833) |  |  | (68.7) | %
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | (17,736) |  |  | $ | (20,894) |  |  | 3,158 |  |  | 15.1 | %

Skillz Segment Results
Segment Revenue of $22.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased $17.6 million, from $40.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to a decrease in player base as monthly active users decreased 27% from 2023.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA loss of $15.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 improved from a loss of $19.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 due to reduced professional fees and employee related costs associated with severance payments in 2023, partially offset by lower revenue.
Aarki Segment Results
Segment Revenue of $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased $1.6 million, from $4.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 due to lower advertising revenue.
Segment Adjusted EBITDA loss of $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased from a loss of $1.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily due to the decline in revenue.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception, we have financed our operations primarily from the sales of capital stock. As of March 31, 2024, our principal sources of liquidity were our cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $290.6 million, which are primarily invested in money market funds and marketable securities with maturities of less than three months, and marketable securities in the amount of $0.4 million.
In December 2021, the Company offered $300 million in aggregate principal senior secured notes due 2026 in a private offering. The notes were sold in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers. Annual interest started to accrue from December 20, 2021 at a stated rate of 10.25% and will be payable semiannually on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on June 15, 2022. The notes will mature on December 15, 2026. We used the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes. We may also use the proceeds for potential acquisitions of other companies, products, or technologies that we may identify in the future. The notes contain customary covenants restricting our and certain of our subsidiaries’ ability to incur debt, incur liens, make distributions to holders of our stock, make certain transactions with our affiliates, as well as certain financial covenants specified in the indentures. After giving effect to the September 1, 2022 and the 2023 open market repurchases of our senior secured notes, as of March 31, 2024, $129.7 million of the senior secured notes remained outstanding. We were in compliance with all covenants applicable to the notes as of March 31, 2024.
Our existing liquidity resources are sufficient to continue operating activities for at least one year past the issuance date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. Our future cash requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth and the expansion of our sales and marketing activities. We also may invest in or acquire complementary businesses, applications or technologies.
36

TABLE OF CONTENTS
The following table provides a summary of cash flow data (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  |  | $ | (4,396) |  |  | $ | (14,699) |  |  |
Net cash provided by investing activities |  |  |  | $ | 169 |  |  | $ | 67,761 |  |  |
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  |  | $ | (7,200) |  |  | $ | (249) |  |  |

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Our cash flows from operating activities are significantly affected by the growth of our business primarily related to research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative activities. Our operating cash flows are also affected by our working capital needs to support growth in personnel-related expenditures and fluctuations in accounts payable and other current assets and liabilities.
Net cash used in operating activities was $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The most significant component of our cash used during this period was a net loss of $26.7 million, which included non-cash expenses of $8.7 million related to stock-based compensation, partially offset by net cash inflows of $12.8 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities. The net cash inflows from changes of operating assets and liabilities were primarily the result of increases in other liabilities of $1.9 million and accounts payable of $9.7 million.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities was $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The net cash provided by investing activities included $0.7 million in proceeds from sales of marketable securities which were offset by purchases of property and equipment of $0.5 million.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $7.2 million for three months ended March 31, 2024, consisting primarily of the repurchase of common stock.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Our material cash requirements include the following contractual and other obligations.
Leases
We have operating lease arrangements for office space, and finance lease agreements for certain network equipment. As of March 31, 2024, we had lease payment obligations of $17.5 million, of which $3.4 million is payable within 12 months.
Long-Term Debt
The Company’s long-term debt consists of the 2021 Senior Secured Notes. The total principal amount of $129.7 million, gross of discount and issuance costs of $5.3 million, is due on December 15, 2026.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, including entities sometimes referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, that were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
See critical accounting policies and estimates in our Annual Report as there have been no material changes.
37

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements for more information about recent accounting pronouncements, the timing of their adoption, and our assessment, to the extent we have made one, of their potential impact on our financial condition and our results of operations.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a smaller reporting company, the Company is not required to provide the information called for by this Item.
38

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2024, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The term “disclosure controls and procedures” means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) rules and forms.
Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, management has concluded that, as of March 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described below. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal controls over financial reporting, that adversely affects the Company’s ability to initiate, authorize, record, process, or report external financial data reliably in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Policies (“U.S. GAAP”) such that there is more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected. A material weakness cannot be considered remediated until the newly designed control activities operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that the controls are designed and operating effectively.
Notwithstanding the material weaknesses, management has concluded that our condensed consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in this Form 10-Q, in conformity with GAAP.
Material Weaknesses
As previously disclosed in our management’s report on internal control over financial reporting within then Annual Report we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting with respect to the following:
1. Risk assessment
2. Information technology general controls
3. Internal control over financial reporting
39

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Risk Assessment
In 2023, the Company continued to experience significant turnover of personnel involved in the design and operation of our system of internal control over financial reporting. While we backfilled vacated positions by engaging consultants and invested in hiring initiatives to recruit full-time employees, such hiring was not completed timely to offset the impact of the turnover we experienced. As a result, we were unable to maintain an effective risk assessment process based on the criteria established in the COSO Framework, due to the lack of sufficient trained personnel to adequately identify new or changing risks of misstatement to our financial statements and to design responsive internal controls over financial reporting.
As a result, the Company was been unable to reassess and adequately design and implement controls over financial reporting, including identification and review of disclosures and monitoring controls, and in providing the appropriate evidence of review of reconciliations, budgets, and key elements of the financial close process.
Information Technology General Controls (ITGCs)
ITGCs in the areas of access and program change over information technology (IT) systems that support the Company’s financial reporting processes were not designed or operating effectively. Specifically, the Company did not maintain sufficient: (a) user access controls to ensure appropriate segregation of duties and adequately restrict user and privileged access to financial applications, programs, and data to appropriate Company personnel; (b) program change management controls to ensure that IT program and data changes affecting financial information technology applications and underlying records are identified, tested, authorized, and implemented appropriately; and (c) program operations controls. As a result, the Company’s related IT dependent manual and application controls that rely upon the affected ITGCs, or information coming from IT systems with affected ITGCs were also deemed ineffective.
Internal Controls Over Accounting Processes
Controls designed to properly evaluate certain accounting processes, including where management review was involved, were not implemented or did not operate effectively due to the lack of sufficient documentation or evidence retained to demonstrate management’s review over certain financial statement areas, including payroll, accounts receivable, tax liability, investments, end user liability, revenue recognition, and nonroutine transactions.
Material Weakness Remediation Efforts
Management, with oversight from the Audit Committee, will continue toward remediation of material weaknesses and reinforce the overall design and capability of our internal control environment. The following has been planned for implementation in management’s ongoing efforts to remediate the identified material weaknesses:
•Management will enhance and standardize policies and procedures across the Company to ensure consistency and performance of internal controls;
•Management will continue to make strategic investments in personnel, external consultants, and available tools or systems to streamline / automate execution and documentation of internal controls throughout the Company; and
•Management will continue to engage and educate personnel (including external consultants) throughout the Company on the importance of documenting and following internal controls.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Except as noted above, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the first quarter of 2024 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
40

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
Our management, including our principal executive officer and chief financial officer, do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. An internal controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Due to inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
41

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART II
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Refer to Note 9, “Commitments and Contingencies,” in this Form 10-Q.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes from the risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Repurchases
The following table provides information about the purchases of our common stock made through the three months ended March 31, 2024:

Periods |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions)(a)
January 1, 2024 through |  | 485,908 |  |  | $ | 5.27 |  |  | 2,563,015 |  |  | $ | 49,479,264 |
February 1, 2024 through |  | 620,735 |  |  | $ | 6.05 |  |  | 3,754,980 |  |  | $ | 45,736,699 |
March 1, 2024 through |  | 102,906 |  |  | $ | 6.35 |  |  | 653,340 |  |  | $ | 45,083,359 |
Total |  | 1,209,549 |  |  | $ | 5.76 |  |  | 6,971,335 |  |  |

(a) In August 2023, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization for up to $65.0 million of our common stock. The share repurchase authorization, which was announced on August 21, 2023, has a term of 12 months and may be suspended or discontinued by our Board of Directors at any time.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024, none of our directors or executive officers adopted, modified or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”
42

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. | Exhibit Description | Form | Exhibit | Filing Date
31.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |
31.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |
32.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |
32.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |
101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |  |  |
101.SCH** | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |  |
101.CAL** | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |
101.DEF** | Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |
101.LAB** | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |
101.PRE** | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |  |  |

*Filed herewith.
**Submitted electronically with the report.
43

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| SKILLZ INC.
| By: | /s/ Andrew Paradise
Date: August 29, 2024 | Name: | Andrew Paradise
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
| By: | /s/ Gaetano Franceschi
| Name: | Gaetano Franceschi
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer

44