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Allowance For Loan Losses
3 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Allowance For Loan Losses  
Allowance For Loan Losses

 

8.  

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

 

Allowance for loan loss: The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for probable loan losses based on evaluating known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. The allowance is provided based upon the Company’s ongoing quarterly assessment of the pertinent factors underlying the quality of the loan portfolio. These factors include changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency levels, actual loan loss experience, current economic conditions and detailed analysis of individual loans for which full collectibility may not be assured. The detailed analysis includes techniques to estimate the fair value of loan collateral and the existence of potential alternative sources of repayment. The allowance consists of specific, general and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are considered impaired. For loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers non-impaired loans based on the Company’s risk rating system and historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that the Company believes have resulted in losses that have not yet been allocated to specific elements of the general component. Such factors include uncertainties in economic conditions and in identifying triggering events that directly correlate to subsequent loss rates, changes in appraised value of underlying collateral, risk factors that have not yet manifested themselves in loss allocation factors and historical loss experience data that may not precisely correspond to the current portfolio or economic conditions. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio. The appropriate allowance level is estimated based upon factors and trends identified by the Company at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared.

 

Commercial business, commercial real estate, construction and land acquisition loans are considered to have a higher degree of credit risk than one-to-four family residential loans, and tend to be more vulnerable to adverse conditions in the real estate market and deteriorating economic conditions. While the Company believes the estimates and assumptions used in its determination of the allowance are reasonable, there can be no assurance that such estimates and assumptions will not be proven incorrect in the future, that the actual amount of future provisions will not exceed the amount of past provisions, or that any increased provisions that may be required will not adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, bank regulators periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses and may require the Company to increase its provision for loan losses or recognize additional loan charge-offs. An increase in the Company’s allowance for loan losses or loan charge-offs as required by these regulatory authorities may have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations.

 

Loss factors are based on the Company’s historical loss experience with additional consideration and adjustments made for changes in economic conditions, changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency rates, changes in collateral values, seasoning of the loan portfolio, duration of current business cycle, a detailed analysis of impaired loans and other factors as deemed appropriate. These factors are evaluated on a quarterly basis. Loss rates used by the Company are affected as changes in these factors increase or decrease from quarter to quarter. The Company also considers bank regulatory examination results, findings of its third-party independent credit reviewers and internal credit department in its quarterly evaluation of the allowance for loan losses. Management’s recent analysis of the allowance for loan losses has placed greater emphasis on the Company’s construction and land development loan portfolios and the effect of various factors such as geographic and loan type concentrations. The Company has focused on managing these portfolios in an attempt to minimize the effects of declining home values and slower home sales in its market areas.

 

The following tables present a reconciliation of the allowance for loan losses (in thousands):

 

June 30, 2011

 

Commercial  

Business

 

 

Commercial

Real Estate

 

 

Land

 

 

Multi-Family

 

 

Real Estate Construction

 

 

Consumer

 

 

Unallocated

 

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning balance

$

1,822

 

$

4,744

 

$

2,003

 

$

2,172

 

$

820

 

$

1,339

 

$

2,068

 

$

14,968

 

Provision for loan

  losses

 

464

 

 

(172

)

 

1,804

 

 

(9

)

 

(21

)

 

222

 

 

(738

)

 

1,550

 

Charge-offs

 

(453

)

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

(15

)

 

-

 

 

(468

)

Recoveries

 

8

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

1

 

 

-

 

 

9

 

Ending balance

$

1,841

 

$

4,572

 

$

3,807

 

$

2,163

 

$

799

 

$

1,547

 

$

1,330

 

$

16,059

 

 

 

June 30, 2010

 

Commercial  

Business

 

 

Commercial

Real Estate

 

 

Land

 

 

Multi-Family

 

 

Real Estate Construction

 

 

Consumer

 

 

Unallocated

 

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning balance

$

3,181

 

$

4,592

 

$

5,013

 

$

423

 

$

5,137

 

$

1,574

 

$

1,722

 

$

21,642

 

Provision for loan

  losses

 

779

 

 

470

 

 

(491

)

 

18

 

 

105

 

 

(62

)

 

481

 

 

1,300

 

Charge-offs

 

(400

)

 

-

 

 

(1,408

)

 

-

 

 

(1,191

)

 

(393

)

 

-

 

 

(3,392

)

Recoveries

 

3

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

2

 

 

10

 

 

-

 

 

15

 

Ending balance

$

3,563

 

$

5,062

 

$

3,114

 

$

441

 

$

4,053

 

$

1,129

 

$

2,203

 

$

19,565

 

 

The following tables present an analysis of loans receivable and allowance for loan losses, which were evaluated individually and collectively for impairment at the dates indicated (in thousands):

 

Allowance for loan losses

 

Recorded investment in loans

 

June 30, 2011

 

Individually

Evaluated for

Impairment

 

 

Collectively

Evaluated for

Impairment

 

 

Total

 

 

Individually

Evaluated for

Impairment

 

 

Collectively

Evaluated for

Impairment

 

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial business

$

171

 

$

1,670

 

$

1,841

 

$

2,958

 

$

81,200

 

$

84,158

 

Commercial real estate

 

33

 

 

4,539

 

 

4,572

 

 

10,418

 

 

350,376

 

 

360,794

 

Land

 

1,983

 

 

1,824

 

 

3,807

 

 

9,947

 

 

44,615

 

 

54,562

 

Multi-family

 

1,749

 

 

414

 

 

2,163

 

 

8,117

 

 

41,918

 

 

50,035

 

Real estate construction

 

-

 

 

799

 

 

799

 

 

3,963

 

 

21,961

 

 

25,924

 

Consumer

 

-

 

 

1,547

 

 

1,547

 

 

-

 

 

117,896

 

 

117,896

 

Unallocated

 

-

 

 

1,330

 

 

1,330

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

Total

$

3,936

 

$

12,123

 

$

16,059

 

$

35,403

 

$

657,966

 

$

693,369

 

 

 

 

Allowance for loan losses

 

Recorded investment in loans

 

March 31, 2011

 

Individually

Evaluated for

Impairment

 

 

Collectively

Evaluated for Impairment

 

 

Total

 

 

Individually

Evaluated for

Impairment

 

 

Collectively

Evaluated for

Impairment

 

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial business

$

207

 

$

1,615

 

$

1,822

 

$

3,382

 

$

82,129

 

$

85,511

 

Commercial real estate

 

59

 

 

4,685

 

 

4,744

 

 

8,976

 

 

355,712

 

 

364,688

 

Land

 

-

 

 

2,003

 

 

2,003

 

 

2,695

 

 

52,563

 

 

55,258

 

Multi-family

 

1,779

 

 

393

 

 

2,172

 

 

8,000

 

 

34,009

 

 

42,009

 

Real estate construction

 

-

 

 

820

 

 

820

 

 

4,206

 

 

23,179

 

 

27,385

 

Consumer

 

-

 

 

1,339

 

 

1,339

 

 

-

 

 

112,726

 

 

112,726

 

Unallocated

 

-

 

 

2,068

 

 

2,068

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

Total

$

2,045

 

$

12,923

 

$

14,968

 

$

27,259

 

$

660,318

 

$

687,577

 

 

Non-accrual loans:  Loans are reviewed regularly and it is the Company’s general policy that a loan is past due when it is 30 days to 89 days delinquent. In general, when a loan is 90 days delinquent or when collection of principal or interest appears doubtful, it is placed on non-accrual status, at which time the accrual of interest ceases and a reserve for unrecoverable accrued interest is established and charged against operations. Payments received on non-accrual loans are applied to reduce the outstanding principal balance on a cash-basis method. As a general practice, a loan is not removed from non-accrual status until all delinquent principal, interest and late fees have been brought current and the borrower has demonstrated a history of performance based upon the contractual terms of the note. Interest income foregone on non-accrual loans was $281,000 and $612,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

The following tables present an analysis of past due loans at the dates indicated (in thousands):

 

June 30, 2011

 

30-89 Days

Past Due

 

 

90 Days

and

Greater

(Non-

Accrual)

 

 

Total Past

Due

 

 

Current

 

 

Total

Loans

Receivable

 

 

Recorded

Investment >

90 Days and

Accruing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial business

$

1,378

 

$

2,660

 

$

4,038

 

$

80,120

 

$

84,158

 

$

-

Commercial real estate

 

5,417

 

 

1,281

 

 

6,698

 

 

354,096

 

 

360,794

 

 

-

Land

 

11,301

 

 

2,904

 

 

14,205

 

 

40,357

 

 

54,562

 

 

-

Multi-family

 

445

 

 

-

 

 

445

 

 

49,590

 

 

50,035

 

 

-

    Real estate construction

 

-

 

 

3,963

 

 

3,963

 

 

21,961

 

 

25,924

 

 

-

Consumer

 

1,013

 

 

2,302

 

 

3,315

 

 

114,581

 

 

117,896

 

 

-

     Total

$

19,554

 

$

13,110

 

$

32,664

 

$

660,705

 

$

693,369

 

$

-

 

 

March 31, 2011

 

30-89 Days

Past Due

 

 

90 Days

and

Greater

(Non-

Accrual)

 

 

Total Past

Due

 

 

Current

 

 

Total

Loans

Receivable

 

 

Recorded

Investment >

90 Days and

Accruing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial business

$

1,415

 

$

2,871

 

$

4,286

 

$

81,225

 

$

85,511

 

$

-

Commercial real estate

 

2,112

 

 

1,385

 

 

3,497

 

 

361,191

 

 

364,688

 

 

-

Land

 

-

 

 

2,904

 

 

2,904

 

 

52,354

 

 

55,258

 

 

-

Multi-family

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

42,009

 

 

42,009

 

 

-

    Real estate construction

 

-

 

 

4,206

 

 

4,206

 

 

23,179

 

 

27,385

 

 

-

Consumer

 

4,271

 

 

957

 

 

5,228

 

 

107,498

 

 

112,726

 

 

-

     Total

$

7,798

 

$

12,323

 

$

20,121

 

$

667,456

 

$

687,577

 

$

-

 

Credit quality indicators: The Company monitors credit risk in its loan portfolio using a risk rating system for all commercial (non-consumer) loans. The risk rating system is a measure of the credit risk of the borrower based on their historical, current and anticipated financial characteristics. The Company assigns a risk rating to each commercial loan at origination and subsequently updates these ratings, as necessary, so the risk rating continues to reflect the appropriate risk characteristics of the loan. Application of appropriate risk ratings is key to management of the loan portfolio risk. In arriving at the rating, the Company considers the following factors: delinquency, payment history, quality of management, liquidity, leverage, earning trends, alternative funding sources, geographic risk, industry risk, cash flow adequacy, account practices, asset protection and extraordinary risks. Consumer loans, including custom construction loans, are not assigned a risk rating but rather are grouped into homogeneous pools with similar risk characteristics unless the loan is placed on non-accrual status in which case it is assigned a substandard risk rating. Loss factors are assigned to each risk rating and homogeneous pool based on historical loss experience for similar loans. This historical loss experience is adjusted for qualitative factors that are likely to cause the estimated credit losses to differ from the Company’s historical loss experience. The Company uses these loss factors to estimate the general component of its allowance for loan loss.

 

Pass – These loans have risk rating between 1 and 4 and are to borrowers that meet normal credit standards.  Any deficiencies in satisfactory asset quality, liquidity, debt servicing capacity and coverage are offset by strengths in other areas. The borrower currently has the capacity to perform according to the loan terms. Any concerns about risk factors such as stability of margins, stability of cash flows, liquidity, dependence on a single product/supplier/customer, depth of management, etc., are offset by strength in other areas. Typically, the operating assets of the company and/or real estate will secure these loans. Management is considered competent. The borrower has the ability to repay the debt in the normal course of business.

 

Watch – These loans have a risk rating of 5 and would typically have many of the attributes of loans in the pass rating. However, there would typically be some reason for additional management oversight, such as recent financial setbacks, deteriorating financial position, industry concerns and failure to perform on other borrowing obligations. Loans with this rating are to be monitored closely in an effort to correct deficiencies.

 

Special mention – These loans have a risk rating of 6 and are currently protected but have the potential to deteriorate to a “substandard” rating. The borrower’s financial performance may be inconsistent or below forecast, creating the possibility of liquidity problems and shrinking debt service coverage. The borrower may have a short track record and little depth of management. Other typical characteristics include inadequate current financial information, marginal capitalization, and susceptibility to negative industry trends. The primary source of repayment is still viable but there is increasing reliance on collateral or guarantor support.

 

Substandard – These loans have a risk rating of 7 and are rated in accordance with regulatory guidelines, for which the accrual of interest may or may not be discontinued. By definition under regulatory guidelines, a “substandard” loan has defined weaknesses which make payment default or principal exposure likely, but not yet certain. Such loans are apt to be dependent upon collateral liquidation, a secondary source of repayment, or an event outside of the normal course of business.

 

Doubtful – These loans have a risk rating of 8 and are rated in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Such loans are placed on nonaccrual status and may be dependent upon collateral having a value that is difficult to determine or upon some near-term event which lacks certainty.

 

Loss – These loans have a risk rating of 9 and are rated in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Such loans are to be charged-off or charged-down when payment is acknowledged to be uncertain or when the timing or value of payments cannot be determined. “Loss” is not intended to imply that the loan or some portion of it will never be paid, nor does it in any way imply that there has been a forgiveness of debt.

 

The following tables present an analysis of credit quality indicators at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

 

 

June 30, 2011

 

 

March 31, 2011

 

 

Weighted-

Average Risk

Grade

 

 

Classified

Loans

 

 

 

Weighted-

Average

Risk Grade

 

 

Classified

Loans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial business

 

4.00

 

$

4,970

 

 

 

4.00

 

$

4,920

Commercial real estate

 

3.67

 

 

11,667

 

 

 

3.66

 

 

8,909

Land

 

5.06

 

 

8,857

 

 

 

5.00

 

 

8,818

Multi-family

 

3.90

 

 

4,796

 

 

 

4.06

 

 

4,679

Real estate construction

 

5.00

 

 

7,863

 

 

 

4.96

 

 

8,106

Consumer (1)

 

6.58

 

 

2,302

 

 

 

7.00

 

 

957

Total

 

3.94

 

$

40,455

 

 

 

3.93

 

$

36,389

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total loans risk rated

$

575,642

 

 

 

 

 

$

573,506

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  (1)     Consumer loans are primarily evaluated on a homogenous pool level and generally not   individually risk rated unless certain factors are met.

 

Impaired loans: A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts (principal and interest) due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Typically, factors used in determining if a loan is impaired are, but not limited to, whether the loan is 90 days or more delinquent, internally designated as substandard, on non-accrual status or a troubled debt restructure. The majority of the Company’s impaired loans are considered collateral dependent. When a loan is considered collateral dependent impairment is measured using the estimated value of the underlying collateral, less any prior liens, and estimated selling costs. For impaired loans that are not collateral dependent impairment is measured using the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. When the net realizable value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (including accrued interest, net deferred loan fees or costs, and unamortized premium or discount), an impairment is recognized by adjusting an allocation of the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent to the initial allocation of allowance to the individual loan the Company may conclude that it is appropriate to record a charge-off of the impaired portion of the loan. When a charge-off is recorded the loan balance is reduced and the specific allowance is eliminated.

 

Generally, when a collateral dependent loan is initially measured for impairment and does not have an appraisal performed in the last six months, the Company obtains an updated market valuation. Subsequently, the Company obtains an updated market valuation on an annual basis. The valuation may occur more frequently if the Company determines that there is an indication that the market value may have declined.

 

The following tables present an analysis of impaired loans at the dates indicated (in thousands):

 

June 30, 2011

 

Recorded

Investment with

No Specific

Valuation

Allowance

 

 

Recorded

Investment

with Specific

Valuation

Allowance

 

 

Total

Recorded

Investment

 

 

Unpaid

Principal

Balance

 

 

Related

Specific

Valuation

Allowance

 

 

Average

Recorded

Investment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial business

$

940

 

$

2,018

 

$

2,958

 

$

5,240

 

$

171

 

$

3,170

Commercial real estate

 

3,206

 

 

7,212

 

 

10,418

 

 

10,696

 

 

33

 

 

9,697

Land

 

1,315

 

 

8,632

 

 

9,947

 

 

12,939

 

 

1,983

 

 

6,321

Multi-family

 

-

 

 

8,117

 

 

8,117

 

 

8,150

 

 

1,749

 

 

8,059

    Real estate construction

 

3,963

 

 

-

 

 

3,963

 

 

8,455

 

 

-

 

 

4,085

Consumer

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

     Total

$

9,424

 

$

25,979

 

$

35,403

 

$

45,480

 

$

3,936

 

$

31,332

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

March 31, 2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial business

$

1,024

 

$

2,358

 

$

3,382

 

$

5,562

 

$

207

 

$

5,593

Commercial real estate

 

750

 

 

8,226

 

 

8,976

 

 

9,221

 

 

59

 

 

9,979

Land

 

2,695

 

 

-

 

 

2,695

 

 

5,094

 

 

-

 

 

6,695

Multi-family

 

-

 

 

8,000

 

 

8,000

 

 

8,036

 

 

1,779

 

 

3,864

    Real estate construction

 

4,206

 

 

-

 

 

4,206

 

 

8,474

 

 

-

 

 

10,950

Consumer

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

462

     Total

$

8,675

 

$

18,584

 

$

27,259

 

$

36,387

 

$

2,045

 

$

37,543

 

The related amount of interest income recognized on loans that were impaired was $291,000 and $176,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2011and 2010, respectively.

 

At June 30, 2011, the Company had troubled debt restructurings totaling $5.3 million, which includes one commercial business loan totaling $499,000 which is on nonaccrual status. All other troubled debt restructurings were on accrual status at June 30, 2011. At March 31, 2011, the Company had troubled debt restructurings totaling $5.9 million, which were on accrual status.

 

In accordance with the Company’s policy guidelines, unsecured loans are generally charged-off when no payments have been received for three consecutive months unless an alternative action plan is in effect. Consumer installment loans delinquent six months or more that have not received at least 75% of their required monthly payment in the last 90 days will be charged-off. Loans discharged in bankruptcy proceedings will be charged-off. Loans under bankruptcy protection with no payments received for four consecutive months will be charged-off. The portion of the outstanding balance of a secured loan that is in excess of the net realizable value is generally charged-off if no payments are received for four to five consecutive months. However, charge-offs would be postponed if alternative proposals to restructure, obtain additional guarantors, obtain additional assets as collateral or a potential sale would result in full repayment of the outstanding loan balance. Once any of these or other repayment potentials are considered exhausted the impaired portion of the loan is charged-off, unless an updated valuation of the collateral reveals no impairment.