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Fair Value Measurement | 12 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2012
Fair Value Measurement: |
Fair Value Measurement |
17. | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
The Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The following definitions describe the categories used in the tables presented under fair value measurement. Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1): Inputs that are quoted unadjusted prices in active markets for identical assets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. An active market for the asset is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Other observable inputs (Level 2): Inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity including quoted prices for similar assets, quoted prices for securities in inactive markets and inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): Inputs that reflect the reporting entity's own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. Financial instruments are broken down in the tables that follow by recurring or nonrecurring measurement status. Recurring assets are initially measured at fair value and are required to be remeasured at fair value in the financial statements at each reporting date. Assets measured on a nonrecurring basis are assets that, as a result of an event or circumstance, were required to be remeasured at fair value after initial recognition in the financial statements at some time during the reporting period. The following tables present assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands).
|  |  |  | Fair value measurements at March 31, 2012, using
| Fair value |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets |  | Other observable inputs |  | Significant unobservable inputs
| March 31, 2012 |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Investment securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trust preferred | $ | 1,166 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 1,166
Agency securities |  | 4,999 |  |  | - |  |  | 4,999 |  |  | -
Municipal bonds |  | 149 |  |  | - |  |  | 149 |  |  | -
Mortgage-backed securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate mortgage investment conduits |  | 329 |  |  | - |  |  | 329 |  |  | -
FHLMC mortgage-backed securities |  | 636 |  |  | - |  |  | 636 |  |  | -
FNMA mortgage-backed securities |  | 9 |  |  | - |  |  | 9 |  |  | -
Total recurring assets measured at fair value | $ | 7,288 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 6,122 |  | $ | 1,166
The following table presents a reconciliation of assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the year ended March 31, 2012 (in thousands). There were no transfers of assets in to or out of Level 3 for the year ended March 31, 2012.
|  | For the Year Ended March 31, 2012 |
Balance at March 31, 2011 | $ | 916 |
Transfers in to Level 3 |  | - |
Included in earnings (1) |  | - |
Included in other comprehensive income |  | 250 |
Balance at March 31, 2012 | $ | 1,166 |
(1) Included in other non-interest income |  |  |
The following method was used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument above: Investments and Mortgage-Backed Securities – Investment securities available-for-sale are included within Level 1 of the hierarchy when quoted prices in an active market for identical assets are available. The Company uses a third party pricing service to assist the Company in determining the fair value of its Level 2 securities, which incorporates pricing models and/or quoted prices of investment securities with similar characteristics. Our Level 3 assets consist of a single pooled trust preferred security. For Level 2 securities, the Company uses an independent pricing service to assist management in determining fair values of investment securities available-for-sale. This service provides pricing information by utilizing evaluated pricing models supported with market data information. Standard inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data from market research publications. Investments securities that are deemed to have been trading in illiquid or inactive markets may require the use of significant unobservable inputs. The Company’s third-party pricing service has established processes for us to submit inquiries regarding quoted prices. The Company’s third-party pricing service will review the inputs to the evaluation in light of any new market data presented by us. The Company’s third-party pricing service may then affirm the original quoted price or may update the evaluation on a going forward basis. Management reviews the pricing information received from the third party-pricing service through a combination of procedures that include an evaluation of methodologies used by the pricing service, analytical reviews and performance analysis of the prices against statistics and trends and maintenance of an investment watch list. Based on this review, management determines whether the current placement of the security in the fair value hierarchy is appropriate or whether transfers may be warranted. As necessary, the Company compares prices received from the pricing service to discounted cash flow models or through performing independent valuations of inputs and assumptions similar to those used by the pricing service in order to ensure prices represent a reasonable estimate of fair value. The Company has determined that the market for its single trust preferred pooled security was inactive. This determination was made by the Company after considering the last known trade date for this specific security, the low number of transactions for similar types of securities, the low number of new issuances for similar securities, the significant increase in the implied liquidity risk premium for similar securities, the lack of information that is released publicly and discussions with third-party industry analysts. Due to the inactivity in the market, observable market data was not readily available for all significant inputs for this security. Accordingly, the trust preferred pooled security was classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The Company utilized observable inputs where available, unobservable data and modeled the cash flows adjusted by an appropriate liquidity and credit risk adjusted discount rate using an income approach valuation technique in order to measure the fair value of the security. Significant unobservable inputs were used that reflect the Company’s assumptions of what a market participant would use to price the security. Significant unobservable inputs included selecting an appropriate discount rate, default rate and repayment assumptions. The Company estimated the discount rate by comparing rates for similarly rated corporate bonds, with additional consideration given to market liquidity. The default rates and repayment assumptions were estimated based on the individual issuer’s financial conditions, historical repayment information, as well as the Company’s future expectations of the capital markets. The following table represents certain loans and REO, which were marked down to their fair value for the year ended March 31, 2012. The following assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis (in thousands).
|  |  |  | Fair value measurements at March 31, 2012, using
| Fair Value |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets |  | Other observable inputs |  | Significant unobservable inputs
| March 31, 2012 |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Loans measured for impairment | $ | 48,305 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 48,305
Real estate owned |  | 13,078 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 13,078
Total nonrecurring assets measured at fair value | $ | 61,383 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 61,383
The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 inputs for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2012 (in thousands):
|  | Valuation technique |  | Significant unobservable inputs |  | Range
Loans measured for impairment |  | Appraised value |  | Adjustment for market conditions |  | 0% - 11%
Real estate owned |  | Appraised value |  | Adjustment for market conditions |  | 0% - 11%
The following method was used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument above: Impaired loans – A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (both interest and principal) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. For information regarding the Company’s method for estimating the fair value of impaired loans, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Allowance for Loan Losses. In determining the net realizable value of the underlying collateral, we primarily rely on third party appraisals which may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available and include consideration for variations in location, size, and income production capacity of the property. Additionally, the appraisals are periodically further adjusted by the Company in consideration of charges that may be incurred in the event of foreclosure and are based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in business factors and changes in market conditions. There were no additional adjustments made by the Company to impaired loans measured at fair value at March 31, 2012. Impaired loans are reviewed and evaluated quarterly for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors identified above. Because of the high degree of judgment required in estimating the fair value of collateral underlying impaired loans and because of the relationship between fair value and general economic conditions, we consider the fair value of impaired loans to be highly sensitive to changes in market conditions. Real estate owned – REO is real property that the Bank has taken ownership of in partial or full satisfaction of a loan or loans. REO is recorded at the lower of the carrying amount of the loan or fair value less estimated costs to sell. This amount becomes the property’s new basis. Any write downs based on the property’s fair value less estimated costs to sell at the date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for loan losses. Management periodically reviews REO in an effort to ensure the property is carried at the lower of its new basis or fair value, net of estimated costs to sell. Management considers third party appraisals in determining the fair value of particular properties. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available and include consideration for variations in location, size, and income production capacity of the property. Additionally, the appraisals are periodically further adjusted by the Company in consideration of charges that may be incurred in the event of foreclosure and are based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in business factors and changes in market conditions. Management periodically reviews REO to ensure the property is carried at the lower of its new basis or fair value, net of estimated costs to sell. Any additional write-downs based on re-evaluation of the property fair value are charged to non-interest expense. Because of the high degree of judgment required in estimating the fair value of REO and because of the relationship between fair value and general economic conditions, we consider the fair value of REO to be highly sensitive to changes in market conditions.

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