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Allowance for Loan Losses

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2012

8. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

Allowance for loan loss: The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for probable loan losses based on evaluating known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. The allowance is provided based upon the Company’s ongoing quarterly assessment of the pertinent factors underlying the quality of the loan portfolio. These factors include changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency levels, actual loan loss experience, current economic conditions and detailed analysis of individual loans for which full collectability may not be assured. The detailed analysis includes techniques to estimate the fair value of loan collateral and the existence of potential alternative sources of repayment. The allowance consists of specific, general and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are considered impaired. For loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows, or collateral value or observable market price, of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers non-impaired loans based on the Company’s risk rating system and historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that the Company believes have resulted in losses that have not yet been allocated to specific elements of the general component. Such factors include uncertainties in economic conditions and in identifying triggering events that directly correlate to subsequent loss rates, changes in appraised value of underlying collateral, risk factors that have not yet manifested themselves in loss allocation factors and historical loss experience data that may not precisely correspond to the current portfolio or economic conditions. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio. The appropriate allowance level is estimated based upon factors and trends identified by the Company at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared.

Commercial business, commercial real estate, multi-family, construction and land acquisition and development loans are considered to have a higher degree of credit risk than one-to-four family residential loans, and tend to be more vulnerable to adverse conditions in the real estate market and deteriorating economic conditions. While the Company believes the estimates and assumptions used in its determination of the allowance are reasonable, there can be no assurance that such estimates and assumptions will not be proven incorrect in the future, that the actual amount of future provisions will not exceed the amount of past provisions, or that any increased provisions that may be required will not adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, bank regulators periodically review the Company’s allowance and may require the Company to increase its provision for loan losses or recognize additional loan charge-offs. An increase in the Company’s allowance for loan losses or loan charge-offs as required by these regulatory authorities may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

Management’s evaluation of the allowance for loan losses is based on ongoing, quarterly assessments of the known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. Loss factors are based on the Company’s historical loss experience with additional consideration and adjustments made for changes in economic conditions, changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency rates, changes in collateral values, seasoning of the loan portfolio, duration of current business cycle, a detailed analysis of impaired loans and other factors as deemed appropriate. These factors are evaluated on a quarterly basis. Loss rates used by the Company are affected as changes in these factors increase or decrease from quarter to quarter. The Company also considers bank regulatory examination results and findings of internal credit examiners in its quarterly evaluation of the allowance for loan losses. Management’s recent analysis of the allowance has placed greater emphasis on the Company’s construction and land development loan portfolios and the effect of various factors such as geographic and loan type concentrations. The Company has focused on managing these portfolios in an attempt to minimize the effects of declining home values and slower home sales in its market areas.

The following tables present a reconciliation of the allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Three months ended September 30, 2012		Commercial Business			Commercial Real Estate		Land		Multi-Family		Real Estate Construction			Consumer			Unallocated			Total

Beginning balance	$	2,576		$	7,622	$	3,958	$	945	$	480		$	3,353		$	2,038		$	20,972
Provision for loan losses		20			(99)		(103)		4		64			617			(3	)		500
Charge-offs		(367	)		(147)		(180)		-		(41	)		(679	)		-			(1,414	)
Recoveries		54			-		-		1		3			24			-			82
Ending balance	$	2,283		$	7,376	$	3,675	$	950	$	506		$	3,315		$	2,035		$	20,140

Six months ended September 30, 2012

Beginning balance	$	2,688		$	5,599		$	4,906		$	1,121		$	412		$	3,274		$	1,921	$	19,921
Provision for loan losses		500			2,859			(208	)		212			206			817			114		4,500
Charge-offs		(991	)		(1,082	)		(1,054	)		(384	)		(116	)		(834	)		-		(4,461	)
Recoveries		86			-			31			1			4			58			-		180
Ending balance	$	2,283		$	7,376		$	3,675		$	950		$	506		$	3,315		$	2,035	$	20,140

Three months ended September 30, 2011

Beginning balance	$	1,841		$	4,572		$	3,807		$	2,163		$	799	$	1,547		$	1,330	$	16,059
Provision for loan losses		190			(33	)		558			480			261		417			327		2,200
Charge-offs		(357	)		(107	)		(1,879	)		(858	)		-		(395	)		-		(3,596	)
Recoveries		1			-			-			-			-		8			-		9
Ending balance	$	1,675		$	4,432		$	2,486		$	1,785		$	1,060	$	1,577		$	1,657	$	14,672

Six months ended September 30, 2011

Beginning balance	$	1,822		$	4,744		$	2,003		$	2,172		$	820	$	1,339		$	2,068		$	14,968
Provision for loan losses		654			(205	)		2,362			471			240		639			(411	)		3,750
Charge-offs		(810	)		(107	)		(1,879	)		(858	)		-		(410	)		-			(4,064	)
Recoveries		9			-			-			-			-		9			-			18
Ending balance	$	1,675		$	4,432		$	2,486		$	1,785		$	1,060	$	1,577		$	1,657		$	14,672

The following tables present an analysis of loans receivable and allowance for loan losses, which were evaluated individually and collectively for impairment at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	Allowance for loan losses						Recorded investment in loans
September 30, 2012		Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		Total		Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		Total

Commercial business	$	1	$	2,282	$	2,283	$	3,407	$	71,546	$	74,953
Commercial real estate		295		7,081		7,376		18,880		303,201		322,081
Land		17		3,658		3,675		5,549		21,713		27,262
Multi-family		24		926		950		9,273		27,099		36,372
Real estate construction		-		506		506		1,476		15,444		16,920
Consumer		129		3,186		3,315		4,820		99,790		104,610
Unallocated		-		2,035		2,035		-		-		-
Total	$	466	$	19,674	$	20,140	$	43,405	$	538,793	$	582,198

March 31, 2012

Commercial business	$	73	$	2,615	$	2,688	$	7,818	$	79,420	$	87,238
Commercial real estate		686		4,913		5,599		22,824		330,256		353,080
Land		624		4,282		4,906		14,226		24,662		38,888
Multi-family		4		1,117		1,121		8,265		34,530		42,795
Real estate construction		18		394		412		7,613		18,178		25,791
Consumer		197		3,077		3,274		4,967		132,050		137,017
Unallocated		-		1,921		1,921		-		-		-
Total	$	1,602	$	18,319	$	19,921	$	65,713	$	619,096	$	684,809

Non-accrual loans: Loans are reviewed regularly and it is the Company’s general policy that a loan is past due when it is 30 days to 89 days delinquent. In general, when a loan is 90 days delinquent or when collection of principal or interest appears doubtful, it is placed on non-accrual status, at which time the accrual of interest ceases and a reserve for unrecoverable accrued interest is established and charged against operations. Payments received on non-accrual loans are applied to reduce the outstanding principal balance on a cash-basis method. As a general practice, a loan is not removed from non-accrual status until all delinquent principal, interest and late fees have been brought current and the borrower has demonstrated a history of performance based upon the contractual terms of the note. Interest income foregone on non-accrual loans was $840,000 and $993,000 during the six months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

The following tables present an analysis of past due loans at the dates indicated (in thousands):

September 30, 2012		30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days and Greater (Non-Accrual)		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivable		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing

Commercial business	$	734	$	1,945	$	2,679	$	72,274	$	74,953	$	-
Commercial real estate		1,045		11,334		12,379		309,702		322,081		-
Land		-		3,744		3,744		23,518		27,262		-
Multi-family		-		6,062		6,062		30,310		36,372		-
Real estate construction		-		1,483		1,483		15,437		16,920		-
Consumer		1,970		3,463		5,433		99,177		104,610		-
Total	$	3,749	$	28,031	$	31,780	$	550,418	$	582,198	$	-

March 31, 2012

Commercial business	$	535	$	3,930	$	4,465	$	82,773	$	87,238	$	-
Commercial real estate		5,733		13,950		19,683		333,397		353,080		-
Land		128		12,985		13,113		25,775		38,888		-
Multi-family		-		1,627		1,627		41,168		42,795		-
Real estate construction		-		7,756		7,756		18,035		25,791		-
Consumer		2,453		3,915		6,368		130,649		137,017		-
Total	$	8,849	$	44,163	$	53,012	$	631,797	$	684,809	$	-

Credit quality indicators: The Company monitors credit risk in its loan portfolio using a risk rating system for all commercial (non-consumer) loans. The risk rating system is a measure of the credit risk of the borrower based on their historical, current and anticipated financial characteristics. The Company assigns a risk rating to each commercial loan at origination and subsequently updates these ratings, as necessary, so the risk rating continues to reflect the appropriate risk characteristics of the loan. Application of appropriate risk ratings is key to management of the loan portfolio risk. In arriving at the rating, the Company considers the following factors: delinquency, payment history, quality of management, liquidity, leverage, earning trends, alternative funding sources, geographic risk, industry risk, cash flow adequacy, account practices, asset protection and extraordinary risks. Consumer loans, including custom construction loans, are not assigned a risk rating but rather are grouped into homogeneous pools with similar risk characteristics unless the loan is placed on non-accrual status in which case it is assigned a substandard risk rating. Loss factors are assigned to each risk rating and homogeneous pool based on historical loss experience for similar loans. This historical loss experience is adjusted for qualitative factors that are likely to cause the estimated credit losses to differ from the Company’s historical loss experience. The Company uses these loss factors to estimate the general component of its allowance for loan losses.

Pass - These loans have risk rating between 1 and 4 and are to borrowers that meet normal credit standards. Any deficiencies in satisfactory asset quality, liquidity, debt servicing capacity and coverage are offset by strengths in other areas. The borrower currently has the capacity to perform according to the loan terms. Any concerns about risk factors such as stability of margins, stability of cash flows, liquidity, dependence on a single product/supplier/customer, depth of management, etc., are offset by strength in other areas. Typically, the operating assets of the company and/or real estate will secure these loans. Management of borrowers of loans with this rating is considered competent and the borrower has the ability to repay the debt in the normal course of business.

Watch – These loans have a risk rating of 5 and would typically have many of the attributes of loans in the pass rating. However, there would typically be some reason for additional management oversight, such as recent financial setbacks, deteriorating financial position, industry concerns and failure to perform on other borrowing obligations. Loans with this rating are to be monitored closely in an effort to correct deficiencies.

Special mention – These loans have a risk rating of 6 and are currently protected but have the potential to deteriorate to a “substandard” rating. The borrower’s financial performance may be inconsistent or below forecast, creating the possibility of liquidity problems and shrinking debt service coverage. The borrower may have a short track record and little depth of management. Other typical characteristics include inadequate current financial information, marginal capitalization, and susceptibility to negative industry trends. The primary source of repayment is still viable but there is increasing reliance on collateral or guarantor support.

Substandard – These loans have a risk rating of 7 and are rated in accordance with regulatory guidelines, for which the accrual of interest may or may not be discontinued. By definition, a “substandard” loan has defined weaknesses which make payment default or principal exposure likely, but not yet certain. Such loans are apt to be dependent upon collateral liquidation, a secondary source of repayment, or an event outside of the normal course of business.

Doubtful - These loans have a risk rating of 8 and are rated in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Such loans are placed on nonaccrual status and may be dependent upon collateral having a value that is difficult to determine or upon some near-term event which lacks certainty.

Loss - These loans have a risk rating of 9 and are rated in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Such loans are to be charged-off or charged-down when payment is acknowledged to be uncertain or when the timing or value of payments cannot be determined. “Loss” is not intended to imply that the loan or some portion of it will never be paid, nor does it in any way imply that there has been a forgiveness of debt.

The following tables present an analysis of credit quality indicators at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

	September 30, 2012				March 31, 2012
		Weighted-Average Risk Grade		Classified Loans⁽²⁾		Weighted-Average Risk Grade		Classified Loans⁽²⁾

Commercial business		3.81	$	8,443		3.97	$	13,456
Commercial real estate		4.07		51,465		3.88		35,077
Land		4.73		6,443		5.60		17,560
Multi-family		4.13		9,274		4.06		8,265
Real estate construction		3.57		1,483		4.51		7,756
Consumer (1)		7.00		3,462		7.00		3,915
Total		4.08	$	80,570		4.08	$	86,029

Total loans risk rated	$	480,901			$	550,174

⁽¹⁾ Consumer loans are primarily evaluated on a homogenous pool level and generally not individually risk rated unless certain factors are met.
⁽²⁾Classified loans consist of substandard, doubtful and loss loans.

Impaired loans: A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts (principal and interest) due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Typically, factors used in determining if a loan is impaired are, but not limited to, whether the loan is 90 days or more delinquent, internally designated as substandard, on non-accrual status or a troubled debt restructuring (“TDRs”). The majority of the Company’s impaired loans are considered collateral dependent. When a loan is considered collateral dependent impairment is measured using the estimated value of the underlying collateral, less any prior liens, and when applicable, less estimated selling costs. For impaired loans that are not collateral dependent impairment is measured using the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. When the net realizable value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (including accrued interest, net deferred loan fees or costs, and unamortized premium or discount), an impairment is recognized by adjusting an allocation of the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent to the initial allocation of allowance to the individual loan, the Company may conclude that it is appropriate to record a charge-off of the impaired portion of the loan. When a charge-off is recorded the loan balance is reduced and the specific allowance is eliminated. Generally, when a collateral dependent loan is initially measured for impairment and has not had an appraisal performed in the last three months, the Company obtains an updated market valuation. Thereafter, the Company obtains an updated market valuation of the impaired loan on an annual basis. The valuation may occur more frequently if the Company determines that there is an indication that the market value of impaired loans may have declined.

The following tables present an analysis of impaired loans at the dates indicated (in thousands):

September 30, 2012		Recorded Investment with No Specific Valuation Allowance		Recorded Investment with Specific Valuation Allowance		Total Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Specific Valuation Allowance		Quarterly Average Recorded Investment		Year-to-Date Average Recorded Investment

Commercial business	$	3,117	$	290	$	3,407	$	3,561	$	1	$	4,212	$	5,414
Commercial real estate		16,653		2,227		18,880		20,068		295		21,022		21,623
Land		4,391		1,158		5,549		6,163		17		5,804		8,611
Multi-family		8,836		437		9,273		10,231		24		9,855		9,325
Real estate construction		1,476		-		1,476		4,918		-		1,674		3,653
Consumer		3,600		1,220		4,820		5,757		129		4,981		4,977
Total	$	38,073	$	5,332	$	43,405	$	50,698	$	466	$	47,548	$	53,603

March 31, 2012		Recorded Investment with No Specific Valuation Allowance		Recorded Investment with Specific Valuation Allowance		Total Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Specific Valuation Allowance		Year-to-Date Average Recorded Investment

Commercial business	$	4,790	$	3,028	$	7,818	$	10,477	$	73	$	6,400
Commercial real estate		12,704		10,120		22,824		25,359		686		17,102
Land		10,365		3,861		14,226		17,989		624		13,339
Multi-family		7,825		440		8,265		9,189		4		8,254
Real estate construction		7,009		604		7,613		13,796		18		6,700
Consumer		2,842		2,125		4,967		6,880		197		1,584
Total	$	45,535	$	20,178	$	65,713	$	83,690	$	1,602	$	53,379

The related amount of interest income recognized on loans that were impaired was $469,000 and $655,000 for the six months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

TDRs are loans where the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial condition, has granted a concession to the borrower that it would otherwise not consider. A TDR typically involves a modification of terms such as a reduction of the stated interest rate or face amount of the loan, a reduction of accrued interest, or an extension of the maturity date(s) at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk.

TDRs are considered impaired loans and as such, when a loan is deemed to be impaired, the amount of the impairment is measured using discounted cash flows using the original note rate, except when the loan is collateral dependent. In these cases, the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs is used. Impairment is recognized as a specific component within the allowance for loan losses if the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan. When the amount of the impairment represents a confirmed loss, it is charged off against the allowance for loan losses.

The following table presents new TDRs at the dates indicated:

	Six Months Ended September 30, 2012						Six Months Ended September 30, 2011
(Dollars in Thousands)		Number of Contracts		Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment	Number of Contracts		Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

Commercial business		2	$	449	$	430	10	$	3,362	$	3,230
Commercial real estate (1)		5		9,022		8,671	-		-		-
Land (1)		3		2,340		1,957	-		-		-
Multi-family (1)		1		3,277		3,081	2		3,322		2,441
Consumer		2		1,971		1,702	1		355		308
Total		13	$	17,059	$	15,841	13	$	7,039	$	5,979

⁽¹⁾Original loan was a $5.0 million real estate construction loan restructured into one $3.3 million multi-family, one $875,000 commercial real estate and one $800,000 land loan based upon collateral securing the restructured loans.

There was one TDR loan for a one-to-four family home that was recorded in the twelve months prior to September 30, 2012 that defaulted in the six months ended September 30, 2012. The pre-modification outstanding recorded investment was $453,000 and the amount of the defaulted loan totaled $450,000 at September 30, 2012. There were no TDRs that were recorded in the twelve months prior to September 30, 2011 that subsequently defaulted in the six months ended September 30, 2011.

In accordance with the Company’s policy guidelines, unsecured loans are generally charged-off when no payments have been received for three consecutive months unless an alternative action plan is in effect. Consumer installment loans delinquent six months or more that have not received at least 75% of their required monthly payment in the last 90 days are charged-off. In addition, loans discharged in bankruptcy proceedings are charged-off. Loans under bankruptcy protection with no payments received for four consecutive months will be charged-off. The outstanding balance of a secured loan that is in excess of the net realizable value is generally charged-off if no payments are received for four to five consecutive months. However, charge-offs are postponed if alternative proposals to restructure, obtain additional guarantors, obtain additional assets as collateral or a potential sale would result in full repayment of the outstanding loan balance. Once any of these or other repayment potentials are considered exhausted the impaired portion of the loan is charged-off, unless an updated valuation of the collateral reveals no impairment. Regardless of whether a loan is unsecured or collateralized, once an amount is determined to be a confirmed loan loss it is promptly charged off.