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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
17.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
 
GAAP defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires certain disclosures about fair value measurements. The categories of fair value measurement prescribed by GAAP and used in the tables presented under fair value measurements are as follows:
 
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1): Inputs that are quoted unadjusted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. An active market is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
 
Other observable inputs (Level 2): Inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets and inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
 
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): Inputs that reflect the reporting entity's own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
 
Financial instruments are presented in the tables that follow by recurring or nonrecurring measurement status. Assets measured on a recurring basis at fair value and are required to be remeasured at fair value in the consolidated financial statements at each reporting date. Assets measured on a nonrecurring basis are assets that, as a result of an event or circumstance, were required to be remeasured at fair value after initial recognition in the consolidated financial statements at some time during the reporting period.
 
The following tables present assets that are measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis at the dates indicated (in thousands):
 
         
Estimated Fair Value Measurements Using
 
March 31, 2017
 
Total Estimated
Fair Value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
                         
Investment securities available for sale:
                       
Municipal securities
 
$
2,819
   
$
-
   
$
2,819
   
$
-
 
Agency securities
   
16,808
     
-
     
16,808
     
-
 
Real estate mortgage investment conduits
   
43,160
     
-
     
43,160
     
-
 
Mortgage-backed securities
   
96,611
     
-
     
96,611
     
-
 
Other mortgage-backed securities
   
40,816
     
-
     
40,816
     
-
 
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
 
$
200,214
   
$
-
   
$
200,214
   
$
-
 
 
 
 
         
Estimated Fair Value Measurements Using
 
March 31, 2016
 
Total Estimated
Fair Value
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
                         
Investment securities available for sale:
                       
Trust preferred
 
$
1,808
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
1,808
 
Agency securities
   
19,569
     
-
     
19,569
     
-
 
Real estate mortgage investment conduits
   
43,924
     
-
     
43,924
     
-
 
Mortgage-backed securities
   
76,353
     
-
     
76,353
     
-
 
Other mortgage-backed securities
   
9,036
     
-
     
9,036
     
-
 
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
 
$
150,690
   
$
-
   
$
148,882
   
$
1,808
 
 
There were no transfers of assets into or out of Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
The following table presents a reconciliation of assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the periods indicated (in thousands):
   
For the Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2017
   
2016
 
             
Beginning balance
 
$
1,808
   
$
1,812
 
Included in earnings (1)
   
(158
)
   
-
 
Included in other comprehensive income
   
29
     
(4
)
Disposition
   
(1,679
)
   
-
 
Ending balance
 
$
-
   
$
1,808
 
                 
(1) Included in other non-interest income.
               
 
The following methods were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument above:
 
Investment securities – Investment securities are included within Level 1 of the hierarchy when quoted prices in an active market for identical assets are available. The Company uses a third-party pricing service to assist the Company in determining the fair value of its Level 2 securities, which incorporates pricing models and/or quoted prices of investment securities with similar characteristics. The Company's Level 3 assets consisted of a collateralized debt obligation secured by a pool of trust preferred securities.
 
For Level 2 securities, the independent pricing service provides pricing information by utilizing evaluated pricing models supported with market data information. Standard inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data from market research publications. The Company's third-party pricing service has established processes for the Company to submit inquiries regarding the estimated fair value. In such cases, the Company's third-party pricing service will review the inputs to the evaluation in light of any new market data presented by the Company. The Company's third-party pricing service may then affirm the original estimated fair value or may update the evaluation on a go-forward basis.
 
Management reviews the pricing information received from the third-party pricing service through a combination of procedures that include an evaluation of methodologies used by the pricing service, analytical reviews and performance analysis of the prices against statistics and trends. Based on this review, management determines whether the current placement of the security in the fair value hierarchy is appropriate or whether transfers may be warranted. As necessary, the Company compares prices received from the pricing service to discounted cash flow models or by performing independent valuations of inputs and assumptions similar to those used by the pricing service in order to help ensure prices represent a reasonable estimate of fair value.
 
At March 31, 2016, the Company determined that the market for its collateralized debt obligation secured by a pool of trust preferred securities is inactive. Due to the inactivity in the market, observable market data was not readily available for all significant inputs for this security. Accordingly, the collateralized debt obligation was classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The Company utilized observable inputs where available and unobservable data, and modeled the cash flows adjusted by an appropriate liquidity and credit risk adjusted discount rate using an income approach valuation technique, in order to measure the fair value of the security.
 
The following tables present assets that are measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis at the dates indicated (in thousands):
 
 
     
Estimated fair value measurements using
 
March 31, 2017
Total estimated
fair value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
                         
Impaired loans
 
$
2,281
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
2,281
 
 
March 31, 2016
                       
                         
Impaired loans
 
$
1,092
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
1,092
 
REO
   
644
     
-
     
-
     
644
 
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
 
$
1,736
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
1,736
 
 
The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 inputs for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
   
Valuation technique
 
Significant unobservable inputs
 
Range (1)
             
Impaired loans
 
Appraised value
 
Adjustment for market conditions
 
N/A
             
REO
 
Appraised value
 
Adjustment for market conditions
 
N/A
 
(1)  There were no adjustments to appraised values of impaired loans for the year ended March 31, 2017. There were no adjustments to appraised values of impaired
      loans or REO for the year ended March 31, 2016.
 
The following methods were used to estimate the fair values:
 
Impaired loans – For information regarding the Company's method for estimating the fair value of impaired loans, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Allowance for Loan Losses.
 
In determining the estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, the Company primarily uses third-party appraisals which may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available and include consideration of variations in location, size, and income production capacity of the property. Additionally, the appraisals are periodically further adjusted by the Company in consideration of charges that may be incurred in the event of foreclosure and are based on management's historical knowledge, changes in business factors and changes in market conditions.
 
Impaired loans are reviewed and evaluated quarterly for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly based on the same factors identified above. Because of the high degree of judgment required in estimating the fair value of collateral underlying impaired loans and because of the relationship between fair value and general economic conditions, the Company considers the fair value of impaired loans to be highly sensitive to changes in market conditions.
 
REO – REO is real property that the Bank has taken ownership of in partial or full satisfaction of a loan or loans. REO is recorded at the estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. This amount becomes the property's new basis. Any write-downs based on the property's estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell at the date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for loan losses. At acquisition date, any write ups (whereby the fair value less estimated costs to sell exceeds the loan basis) are first recovered through the allowance for loan losses if there was a prior charge-off and then applied to any outstanding accrued interest. If no prior charge-off or accrued interest is present, the amount is recorded as a gain on transfer of REO.
 
The Company considers third-party appraisals in determining the fair value of particular properties. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available and include consideration of variations in location, size, and income production capacity of the property. Additionally, the appraisals are periodically further adjusted by the Company in consideration of charges that may be incurred in the event of foreclosure and are based on management's historical knowledge, changes in business factors and changes in market conditions.
 
Management periodically reviews REO to help ensure the property is carried at the lower of its new basis or fair value, net of estimated costs to sell. Any additional write-downs based on a re-evaluation of the property's fair value are charged to non-interest expense. Because of the high degree of judgment required in estimating the fair value of REO and because of the relationship between fair value and general economic conditions, the Company considers the fair value of REO to be highly sensitive to changes in market conditions.
 
The following disclosure of the estimated fair value of financial instruments is made in accordance with GAAP. The Company, using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies, has determined the estimated fair value amounts. However, considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data in the development of the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in the future. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
 
The carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments is as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):
 
March 31, 2017
 
Carrying
Amount
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Assets:
                             
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
64,613
   
$
64,613
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
64,613
 
Certificates of deposit held for investment
   
11,042
     
-
     
11,108
     
-
     
11,108
 
Loans held for sale
   
478
     
-
     
478
     
-
     
478
 
Investment securities available for sale
   
200,214
     
-
     
200,214
     
-
     
200,214
 
Investment securities held to maturity
   
64
     
-
     
66
     
-
     
66
 
Loans receivable, net
   
768,904
     
-
     
-
     
731,996
     
731,996
 
FHLB stock
   
1,181
     
-
     
1,181
     
-
     
1,181
 
                                         
Liabilities:
                                       
Demand and savings deposits
   
830,258
     
830,258
     
-
     
-
     
830,258
 
Time deposits
   
149,800
     
-
     
148,574
     
-
     
148,574
 
Junior subordinated debentures
   
26,390
     
-
     
-
     
13,284
     
13,284
 
Capital lease obligation
   
2,454
     
-
     
2,454
     
-
     
2,454
 
 
                     
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
Carrying
Amount
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Estimated
Fair Value
 
                               
Assets:
                             
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
55,400
   
$
55,400
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
55,400
 
Certificates of deposit held for investment
   
16,769
     
-
     
16,959
     
-
     
16,959
 
Loans held for sale
   
503
     
-
     
503
     
-
     
503
 
Investment securities available for sale
   
150,690
     
-
     
148,882
     
1,808
     
150,690
 
Investment securities held to maturity
   
75
     
-
     
76
     
-
     
76
 
Loans receivable, net
   
614,934
     
-
     
-
     
571,068
     
571,068
 
FHLB stock
   
1,060
     
-
     
1,060
     
-
     
1,060
 
                                         
Liabilities:
                                       
Demand and savings deposits
   
660,421
     
660,421
     
-
     
-
     
660,421
 
Time deposits
   
119,382
     
-
     
119,143
     
-
     
119,143
 
Junior subordinated debentures
   
22,681
     
-
     
-
     
7,705
     
7,705
 
Capital lease obligation
   
2,475
     
-
     
2,475
     
-
     
2,475
 
 
Fair value estimates were based on existing financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business. The fair value was not estimated for assets and liabilities that were not considered financial instruments.
 
Fair value estimates, methods and assumptions are set forth below.
 
Cash and cash equivalents – Fair value approximates the carrying amount.
 
Certificates of deposit held for investment – The fair value of certificates of deposit with stated maturities was based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate was estimated using rates currently available in the local market.
 
Investment securities – See descriptions above.
 
Loans receivable and loans held for sale – Loans receivable were priced using a discounted cash flow analysis. The fair value of loans held for sale was based on the loans' carrying values as the agreements to sell these loans are short-term fixed-rate commitments and no material difference between the carrying value and expected sales price is deemed likely.
 
FHLB stock – Fair value approximates the carrying amount.
 
Deposits – The fair value of deposits with no stated maturities such as non-interest-bearing demand deposits, interest checking, money market and savings accounts was equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of time deposits with stated maturities was based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate was estimated using rates currently available in the local market.
 
Junior subordinated debentures – The fair value of the Debentures was based on the discounted cash flow method. Management believes that the discount rate utilized is indicative of those that would be used by market participants for similar types of debentures.
 
Capital lease obligation – The fair value of the Company's capital lease obligation is estimated by discounting the cash flows through maturity based on current rates available to the Company for borrowings with similar maturities.
 
Off-balance sheet financial instruments – The estimated fair value of loan commitments approximates fees recorded associated with such commitments. Since the majority of the Company's off-balance-sheet financial instruments consist of non-fee producing, variable rate commitments, the Company has determined they do not have a distinguishable fair value.