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Asset Retirement Obligations
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Asset Retirement Obligations  
Asset Retirement Obligations

14. Asset Retirement Obligations

Asset retirement obligations are estimated by management based on Epsilon’s net ownership interest in all wells and the gathering system, estimated costs to reclaim and abandon such assets and the estimated timing of the costs to be incurred in future periods, and the forecast risk free cost of capital. Epsilon has estimated the net present value of its total asset retirement obligations to be $2.8 million as of December 31, 2022 ($2.8 million at December 31, 2021) based on a total net future undiscounted liability of approximately $7.4 million ($7.4 million at December 31, 2021). Each year we review, and to the extent necessary, revise our asset retirement obligations estimates.

The following table presents the activity in Epsilon’s asset retirement obligations for the periods indicated:

Year Ended

Year ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

2022

    

2021

Balance beginning of period

$

2,833,656

$

3,150,243

Liabilities acquired

12,053

7,009

Liabilities disposed of

(25,835)

(381,346)

Wells plugged and abandoned

(118,260)

(31,945)

Change in estimates

(8,299)

Accretion

78,623

97,994

Balance end of period

$

2,780,237

$

2,833,656