10-Q 1 form10q-26140_mgyr.htm 10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

Commission File Number 000-51726

Magyar Bancorp, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware | 20-4154978
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
400 Somerset Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey | 08901
(Address of Principal Executive Office) | (Zip Code)

(732) 342-7600

(Issuer’s Telephone Number including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 per share | MGYR | The NASDAQ Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☑ | Smaller reporting company | ☑
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☑

The number of shares outstanding of the issuer's common stock at May 1, 2021 was 5,810,746.

MAGYAR BANCORP, INC.

Form 10-Q Quarterly Report

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

| Page Number
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 1
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 26
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 37
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 37
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 38
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 38
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 38
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 38
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 38
Item 5. | Other Information | 38
Item 6. | Exhibits | 38
Signature Pages | 39

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

MAGYAR BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data

|  | March 31, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  | (Derived from audited financial statements) |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 2,270 |  |  | $ | 1,494 |
Interest earning deposits with banks |  |  | 40,743 |  |  |  | 60,232 |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 43,013 |  |  |  | 61,726 |
Investment securities - available for sale, at fair value |  |  | 14,259 |  |  |  | 14,561 |
Investment securities - held to maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
$40,484 and $30,899 at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively) |  |  | 40,797 |  |  |  | 30,443 |
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock, at cost |  |  | 1,935 |  |  |  | 1,981 |
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $7,554 and $6,400 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively |  |  | 616,975 |  |  |  | 603,110 |
Bank owned life insurance |  |  | 14,129 |  |  |  | 13,971 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 3,999 |  |  |  | 4,030 |
Premises and equipment, net |  |  | 14,543 |  |  |  | 14,746 |
Other real estate owned ("OREO") |  |  | 1,280 |  |  |  | 2,594 |
Other assets |  |  | 7,849 |  |  |  | 6,835 |
Total assets |  | $ | 758,779 |  |  | $ | 753,997 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | $ | 640,773 |  |  | $ | 618,330 |
Escrowed funds |  |  | 3,338 |  |  |  | 2,413 |
Borrowings |  |  | 45,881 |  |  |  | 67,410 |
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | 191 |
Accounts payable and other liabilities |  |  | 9,144 |  |  |  | 8,803 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 699,294 |  |  |  | 697,147 |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock: $.01 Par Value, 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock: $.01 Par Value, 8,000,000 shares authorized; |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5,923,742 issued; 5,810,746 shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, at cost |  |  | 59 |  |  |  | 59 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 26,279 |  |  |  | 26,294 |
Treasury stock: 112,996 shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020 , at cost |  |  | (1,242 | ) |  |  | (1,242 | )
Unearned Employee Stock Ownership Plan shares |  |  | — |  |  |  | (65 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 36,004 |  |  |  | 33,161 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (1,615 | ) |  |  | (1,357 | )
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 59,485 |  |  |  | 56,850 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 758,779 |  |  | $ | 753,997 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

MAGYAR BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

|  | For the Three Months |  |  | For the Six Months |
|  | Ended March 31, |  |  | Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | (Unaudited) |
Interest and dividend income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including fees |  | $ | 6,890 |  |  | $ | 6,224 |  |  | $ | 13,641 |  |  | $ | 12,620 |
Investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  |  | 207 |  |  |  | 341 |  |  |  | 433 |  |  |  | 679 |
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 71 |
Total interest and dividend income |  |  | 7,122 |  |  |  | 6,599 |  |  |  | 14,124 |  |  |  | 13,370 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 569 |  |  |  | 1,398 |  |  |  | 1,334 |  |  |  | 2,845 |
Borrowings |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 169 |  |  |  | 366 |  |  |  | 365 |
Total interest expense |  |  | 744 |  |  |  | 1,567 |  |  |  | 1,700 |  |  |  | 3,210 |
Net interest and dividend income |  |  | 6,378 |  |  |  | 5,032 |  |  |  | 12,424 |  |  |  | 10,160 |
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 467 |  |  |  | 420 |  |  |  | 1,107 |  |  |  | 631 |
Net interest and dividend income after |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
provision for loan losses |  |  | 5,911 |  |  |  | 4,612 |  |  |  | 11,317 |  |  |  | 9,529 |
Other income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges |  |  | 308 |  |  |  | 196 |  |  |  | 601 |  |  |  | 462 |
Income on bank owned life insurance |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | 157 |  |  |  | 161 |
Fees for other customer services |  |  | 303 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 768 |  |  |  | — |
Interest rate swap fees |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | — |
Other operating income |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 61 |
Gains on sales of loans |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 369 |  |  |  | 26 |
Gains on sales of investment securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 68 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 68 |
Total other income |  |  | 937 |  |  |  | 374 |  |  |  | 2,163 |  |  |  | 778 |
Other expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and employee benefits |  |  | 2,623 |  |  |  | 2,584 |  |  |  | 5,170 |  |  |  | 5,172 |
Occupancy expenses |  |  | 758 |  |  |  | 743 |  |  |  | 1,484 |  |  |  | 1,486 |
Professional fees |  |  | 475 |  |  |  | 430 |  |  |  | 1,003 |  |  |  | 778 |
Data processing expenses |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | 147 |  |  |  | 260 |  |  |  | 301 |
OREO expenses |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 199 |  |  |  | 133 |
FDIC deposit insurance premiums |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 256 |  |  |  | 216 |
Loan servicing expenses |  |  | 114 |  |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | 198 |  |  |  | 136 |
Insurance expense |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 99 |
Other expenses |  |  | 407 |  |  |  | 385 |  |  |  | 758 |  |  |  | 769 |
Total other expenses |  |  | 4,690 |  |  |  | 4,560 |  |  |  | 9,416 |  |  |  | 9,090 |
Income before income tax expense |  |  | 2,158 |  |  |  | 426 |  |  |  | 4,064 |  |  |  | 1,217 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 652 |  |  |  | 121 |  |  |  | 1,221 |  |  |  | 359 |
Net income |  | $ | 1,506 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 2,843 |  |  | $ | 858 |
Net income per share-basic and diluted |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |
Weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding |  |  | 5,810,746 |  |  |  | 5,819,879 |  |  |  | 5,810,746 |  |  |  | 5,820,746 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

2

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MAGYAR BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In Thousands)

|  | For the Three Months |  |  | For the Six Months |
|  | Ended March 31, |  |  | Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | (Unaudited) |
Net income |  | $ | 1,506 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 2,843 |  |  | $ | 858 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale |  |  | (318 | ) |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | (369 | ) |  |  | 91 |
Less reclassification adjustments for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gains realized on securities available for sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | (68 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (68 | )
Net unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale |  |  | (318 | ) |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | (369 | ) |  |  | 23 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax |  |  | (318 | ) |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | (369 | ) |  |  | 23 |
Deferred income tax effect |  |  | 96 |  |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | (6 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (222 | ) |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | (258 | ) |  |  | 17 |
Total comprehensive income |  | $ | 1,284 |  |  | $ | 332 |  |  | $ | 2,585 |  |  | $ | 875 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MAGYAR BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

For the Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

(In Thousands, Except for Share Amounts)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Unearned |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Par |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Treasury |  |  | ESOP |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  |  |
|  | Outstanding |  |  | Value |  |  | Capital |  |  | Stock |  |  | Shares |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Loss |  |  | Total |
Balance, September 30, 2020 |  |  | 5,810,746 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 26,294 |  |  | $ | (1,242 | ) |  | $ | (65 | ) |  | $ | 33,161 |  |  | $ | (1,357 | ) |  | $ | 56,850 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,337 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,337 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | (36 | )
ESOP shares allocated |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |
Balance, December 31, 2020 |  |  | 5,810,746 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 26,279 |  |  | $ | (1,242 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,498 |  |  | $ | (1,393 | ) |  | $ | 58,201 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,506 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,506 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (222 | ) |  |  | (222 | )
Balance, March 31, 2021 |  |  | 5,810,746 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 26,279 |  |  | $ | (1,242 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36,004 |  |  | $ | (1,615 | ) |  | $ | 59,485 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Unearned |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Par |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Treasury |  |  | ESOP |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  |  |
|  | Outstanding |  |  | Value |  |  | Capital |  |  | Stock |  |  | Shares |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Loss |  |  | Total |
Balance, September 30, 2019 |  |  | 5,820,746 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 26,317 |  |  | $ | (1,152 | ) |  | $ | (214 | ) |  | $ | 30,971 |  |  | $ | (1,330 | ) |  | $ | 54,651 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 553 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 553 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (10 | )
ESOP shares allocated |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38 |
Balance, December 31, 2019 |  |  | 5,820,746 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 26,319 |  |  | $ | (1,152 | ) |  | $ | (178 | ) |  | $ | 31,524 |  |  | $ | (1,340 | ) |  | $ | 55,232 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 305 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 27 |
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | (10,000 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (90 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (90 | )
ESOP shares allocated |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34 |
Balance, March 31, 2020 |  |  | 5,810,746 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 26,316 |  |  | $ | (1,242 | ) |  | $ | (141 | ) |  | $ | 31,829 |  |  | $ | (1,313 | ) |  | $ | 55,508 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MAGYAR BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In Thousands)

|  | For the Six Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | (Unaudited) |
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 2,843 |  |  | $ | 858 |
Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) by operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation expense |  |  | 412 |  |  |  | 434 |
Premium amortization on investment securities, net |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | 50 |
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 1,107 |  |  |  | 631 |
Provision for loss on other real estate owned |  |  | 215 |  |  |  | 60 |
Originations of SBA loans held for sale |  |  | (3,319 | ) |  |  | (262 | )
Proceeds from the sales of SBA loans |  |  | 3,688 |  |  |  | 288 |
Gains on sale of loans receivable |  |  | (369 | ) |  |  | (26 | )
Gains on sales of investment securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | (68 | )
Gains on the sales of other real estate owned |  |  | (79 | ) |  |  | (16 | )
ESOP compensation expense |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 73 |
Deferred income tax benefit |  |  | (445 | ) |  |  | (288 | )
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | (17 | )
Increase in surrender value of bank owned life insurance |  |  | (158 | ) |  |  | (161 | )
Increase in other assets |  |  | (458 | ) |  |  | (142 | )
Decrease in accrued interest payable |  |  | (33 | ) |  |  | (1 | )
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other liabilities |  |  | 341 |  |  |  | (2,778 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) by operating activities |  |  | 3,898 |  |  |  | (1,365 | )
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net increase in loans receivable |  |  | (15,994 | ) |  |  | (14,266 | )
Purchases of loans receivable |  |  | (3,500 | ) |  |  | (10,069 | )
Proceeds from the sale of loans receivable |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | — |
Purchases of investment securities held to maturity |  |  | (19,246 | ) |  |  | (3,679 | )
Purchases of investment securities available for sale |  |  | (10,561 | ) |  |  | (1,516 | )
Sales of investment securities available for sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,073 |
Proceeds from calls of investment securities held to maturity |  |  | 2,000 |  |  |  | — |
Proceeds from calls of investment securities available for sale |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  | — |
Principal repayments on investment securities held to maturity |  |  | 6,854 |  |  |  | 3,093 |
Principal repayments on investment securities available for sale |  |  | 5,460 |  |  |  | 2,639 |
Purchases of premises and equipment |  |  | (209 | ) |  |  | (54 | )
Investment in other real estate owned |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from other real estate owned |  |  | 1,725 |  |  |  | 757 |
Redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 230 |
Net cash used in in investing activities |  |  | (24,450 | ) |  |  | (16,792 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net increase in deposits |  |  | 22,443 |  |  |  | 30,863 |
Net increase in escrowed funds |  |  | 925 |  |  |  | 166 |
Proceeds from long-term advances |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,591 |
Repayments of long-term advances |  |  | (21,529 | ) |  |  | (7,701 | )
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | (90 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 1,839 |  |  |  | 25,829 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (18,713 | ) |  |  | 7,672 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year |  |  | 61,726 |  |  |  | 21,469 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year |  | $ | 43,013 |  |  | $ | 29,141 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 1,733 |  |  | $ | 3,211 |
Income taxes |  | $ | 1,125 |  |  | $ | 1,095 |
Non-cash operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate acquired in full satisfaction of loans in foreclosure |  | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | — |
Initial recognition of lease liability and right-of-use asset |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,835 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MAGYAR BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE A – BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Magyar Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”), its wholly owned subsidiary, Magyar Bank (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries Magyar Service Corporation, Hungaria Urban Renewal, LLC, and MagBank Investment Company. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The Company prepares its financial statements on the accrual basis and in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP"). The unaudited information furnished herein reflects all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented.

Operating results for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending September 30, 2021. The September 30, 2020 information has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of other real estate owned, and the assessment of realizability of deferred income tax assets.

The Company has evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to the balance sheet date of March 31, 2021 for items that should potentially be recognized or disclosed in these consolidated financial statements. The evaluation was conducted through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued.

On February 25, 2021, Magyar Bancorp, MHC (the “MHC”), the parent mutual holding company of Magyar Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”), adopted a Plan of Conversion and Reorganization (the “Plan”) pursuant to which the MHC will undertake a “second-step” conversion and Magyar Bank, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, will reorganize from the two-tier mutual holding company structure to the fully-public stock holding company structure. Pursuant to the Plan, (i) the shares of the Company’s common stock held by persons other than the MHC (the shares held by the MHC will be canceled) will be converted into new shares of the Company’s common stock based on an exchange ratio designed to preserve the percentage ownership interests of such persons (excluding shares of Company common stock purchased in the stock offering described below and cash received in lieu of issuance of fractional shares of Company common stock, and as adjusted to reflect certain assets held by the MHC), and (ii) the Company will offer and sell shares of common stock, representing the ownership interest of the MHC in the Company, in a subscription offering and, if necessary, in a community offering and a syndicated community offering. The Plan establishes December 31, 2019 as the eligibility record date for determining the eligible account holders of Magyar Bank entitled to receive first priority non-transferable subscription rights to subscribe for shares of Company common stock in the subscription offering. The number and price of shares of Company common stock to be sold in the offering and the exchange ratio will be based on the Company’s pro forma market value on a fully converted basis, as determined by an independent appraisal.

The Plan is subject to regulatory approval as well as approval by the depositors of the Magyar Bank and by the Company’s stockholders (including approval by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock held by persons other than the MHC).

NOTE B- RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. ASU 2016-13 requires entities to report “expected” credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit rather than the current “incurred loss” model. These expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date are to be based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU will also require enhanced disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity’s portfolio. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements that provide additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements.

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In October 2019, the FASB voted to defer the effective date of ASU 2016-13 for smaller reporting companies to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 (October 1, 2023 for the Company), and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company currently expects to continue to qualify as a smaller reporting company, based upon the current SEC definition, and as a result, will be able to defer implementation of the new standard for a period of time. The Company did not early adopt as of March 31, 2021, but will continue to review factors that might indicate that the full deferral time period should not be used. The Company continues to evaluate the impact the new standard will have on the accounting for credit losses, but the Company may recognize a one-time cumulative-effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the new standard is effective, consistent with regulatory expectations set forth in interagency guidance issued at the end of 2016. The Company cannot yet determine the magnitude of any such one-time cumulative adjustment or of the overall impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Topic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. The ASU removes the disclosures of 1) the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income that the entity expects to recognize in net periodic benefit cost during the next fiscal year, 2) the amount and timing of plan assets expected to be returned to the employer and 3) certain related party disclosures. The ASU clarifies the disclosure requirements for the projected benefit obligation (“PBO”) and fair value of plan assets for plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets and the accumulated benefit obligation (“ABO”) and fair value of plan assets for plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets. The ASU adds disclosure requirements for the weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and other plans with promised interest crediting rates and for an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period. ASU 2018-14 is effective for public business entities in fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020 (Beginning October 1, 2021 for the Company). Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

NOTE C - CONTINGENCIES

The Company, from time to time, is a party to routine litigation that arises in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the resolution of this litigation, if any, would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

NOTE D - EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period considering the effect of dilutive equity options and stock awards for the diluted earnings per share calculations.

|  | Three Months |  |  | Six Months |
|  | Ended March 31, |  |  | Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | (In thousands except for per share data) |
Income applicable to common shares |  | $ | 1,506 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 2,843 |  |  | $ | 858 |
Weighted average number of common shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
outstanding - basic |  |  | 5,811 |  |  |  | 5,820 |  |  |  | 5,811 |  |  |  | 5,821 |
Stock options and restricted stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Weighted average number of common shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
and common share equivalents - diluted |  |  | 5,811 |  |  |  | 5,820 |  |  |  | 5,811 |  |  |  | 5,821 |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |

There were no outstanding stock awards or options to purchase common stock at March 31, 2021 and 2020.

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NOTE E – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM

The Company follows FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Section 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, which covers a wide range of share-based compensation arrangements including share options, restricted share plans, performance-based awards, share appreciation rights, and employee share purchase plans. ASC 718 requires that compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions be recognized in consolidated financial statements. The cost is measured based on the fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued.

Stock options generally vest over a five-year service period and expire ten years from issuance. The fair values of all option grants were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Management recognizes compensation expense for the fair values of these awards, which have graded vesting, on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the awards. Once vested, these awards are irrevocable.

There were no grants, vested shares or forfeitures of non-vested restricted stock awards for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. There were no stock option and stock award expenses included with compensation expense for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

The Company announced in November 2007 its second stock repurchase program of up to 5% of its publicly-held outstanding shares of common stock, or 129,924 shares. Through March 31, 2021, the Company had repurchased a total of 91,000 shares of its common stock at an average cost of $8.41 per share under this program. No shares were repurchased during the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. Under the stock repurchase program, 38,924 shares of the 129,924 shares authorized remained available for repurchase as of March 31, 2021. The Company’s intended use of the repurchased shares is for general corporate purposes. The Company held 112,996 total treasury stock shares at March 31, 2021.

The Company has an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") for the benefit of employees of the Company and the Bank who meet the eligibility requirements as defined in the plan. In 2006 the ESOP trust purchased 217,863 shares of common stock in the open market using proceeds of a loan from the Company. The total cost of shares purchased by the ESOP trust was $2.3 million, reflecting an average cost per share of $10.58. The Bank makes cash contributions to the ESOP on an annual basis sufficient to enable the ESOP to make the required loan payments to the Company. The loan bears a variable interest rate that adjusts annually every January 1st to the then published Prime Rate (3.25% at January 1, 2021) with principal and interest payable annually in equal installments over thirty years. The loan is secured by shares of the Company’s stock.

As the debt is repaid, shares are released as collateral and allocated to qualified employees. Accordingly, the shares pledged as collateral are reported as unearned ESOP shares in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company accounts for its ESOP in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, “Employer’s Accounting for Employee Stock Ownership Plans”. As shares are released from collateral, the Company reports compensation expense equal to the current market price of the shares, and the shares become outstanding for earnings per share computations.

At March 31, 2021, all 217,863 shares in the ESOP were allocated to participants. The Company's contribution expense for the ESOP was $50,000 and $73,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

NOTE F – OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The components of other comprehensive loss and the related income tax effects are as follows:

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|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  |  |  |  | Tax |  |  | Net of |  |  |  |  |  | Tax |  |  | Net of |
|  | Before Tax |  |  | Benefit |  |  | Tax |  |  | Before Tax |  |  | Benefit |  |  | Tax |
|  | Amount |  |  | (Expense) |  |  | Amount |  |  | Amount |  |  | (Expense) |  |  | Amount |
|  | (In thousands) |
Unrealized holding gain (loss) arising |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
during period on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale investments |  | $ | (318 | ) |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | (222 | ) |  | $ | 105 |  |  | $ | (29 | ) |  | $ | 76 |
Less reclassification adjustments for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gains realized on securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
available for sale (a) (b) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (68 | ) |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | (49 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net |  | $ | (318 | ) |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | (222 | ) |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | 27 |

|  | Six Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  |  |  |  | Tax |  |  | Net of |  |  |  |  |  | Tax |  |  | Net of |
|  | Before Tax |  |  | Benefit |  |  | Tax |  |  | Before Tax |  |  | Benefit |  |  | Tax |
|  | Amount |  |  | (Expense) |  |  | Amount |  |  | Amount |  |  | (Expense) |  |  | Amount |
|  | (In thousands) |
Unrealized holding gain (loss) arising |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
during period on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale investments |  | $ | (369 | ) |  | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | (258 | ) |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | (25 | ) |  | $ | 66 |
Less reclassification adjustments for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gains realized on securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
available for sale (a) (b) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (68 | ) |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | (49 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net |  | $ | (369 | ) |  | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | (258 | ) |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 17 |

(a) | Realized gains on securities transactions included in gains on sales of investment securities in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operation

(b) | Tax effect included in income tax expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operation

NOTE G – FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets or liabilities on a non-recurring basis, such as held-to-maturity securities, mortgage servicing rights, loans receivable and other real estate owned, or OREO. These non-recurring fair value adjustments involve the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

In accordance with ASC 820, the Company groups its assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

| Level 1 - | Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
| Level 2 - | Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
| Level 3 - | Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include the use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques. The results cannot be determined with precision and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset or liability.

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The Company based its fair values on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Securities available-for-sale

The securities available-for-sale portfolio is carried at estimated fair value on a recurring basis, with any unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as accumulated other comprehensive income/loss in stockholders’ equity. The securities available-for-sale portfolio consists of U.S government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities and private label mortgage-backed securities. The fair values of these securities are obtained from an independent nationally recognized pricing service. An independent pricing service provides the Company with prices which are categorized as Level 2, as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets are generally not available for the securities in the Company’s portfolio. Various modeling techniques are used to determine pricing for Company’s mortgage-backed securities, including option pricing and discounted cash flow models. The inputs to these models include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data.

Derivatives

Magyar Bank executes interest rate swaps with commercial lending customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. The fair values of such derivatives are based on valuation models from a third party using current market terms (including interest rates and fees), the remaining terms of the agreements and the credit worthiness of the counter party as of the measurement date (Level 2).

The following tables provide the level of valuation assumptions used to determine the carrying value of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

|  | Fair Value at March 31, 2021 |
|  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities |  | $ | 14,259 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,259 |  |  | $ | — |
Debt securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total securities available for sale |  |  | 14,259 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,259 |  |  |  | — |
Derivative assets |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | — |
Total Assets |  | $ | 14,445 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,445 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | — |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | — |

|  | Fair Value at September 30, 2020 |
|  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities |  | $ | 9,558 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,558 |  |  | $ | — |
Debt securities |  |  | 5,003 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,003 |  |  |  | — |
Total securities available for sale |  | $ | 14,561 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,561 |  |  | $ | — |

The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

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Mortgage Servicing Rights, net

Mortgage Servicing Rights (MSRs) are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of MSRs is determined through a calculation of future cash flows, incorporating estimates of assumptions market participants would use in determining fair value including market discount rates, prepayment speeds, servicing income, servicing costs, default rates and other market driven data, including the market’s perception of future interest rate movements and, as such, are classified as Level 3. The Company had MSRs totaling $6,710 and $12,000 at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively.

Impaired Loans

Loans which meet certain criteria are evaluated individually for impairment. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. All amounts due according to the contractual terms means that both the contractual interest and principal payments of a loan will be collected as scheduled in the loan agreement. Three impairment measurement methods are used, depending upon the collateral securing the asset: 1) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate (the rate of return implicit in the loan); 2) the asset’s observable market price; or 3) the fair value of the collateral, less anticipated selling and disposition costs, if the asset is collateral dependent. The regulatory agencies require the last method for loans from which repayment is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral. The Company’s impaired loans are generally collateral dependent and, as such, are carried at the estimated fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. Fair value is estimated through current appraisals, and adjusted by management as necessary, to reflect current market conditions and, as such, are generally classified as Level 3.

Appraisals of collateral securing impaired loans are conducted by approved, qualified, and independent third-party appraisers. Such appraisals are ordered via the Company’s credit administration department, independent from the lender who originated the loan, once the loan is deemed impaired, as described in the previous paragraph. Impaired loans are generally re-evaluated with an updated appraisal within one year of the last appraisal. The Company discounts the appraised “as is” value of the collateral for estimated selling and disposition costs and compares the resulting fair value of collateral to the outstanding loan amount. If the outstanding loan amount is greater than the discounted fair value, the Company requires a reduction in the outstanding loan balance or additional collateral before considering an extension to the loan. If the borrower is unwilling or unable to reduce the loan balance or increase the collateral securing the loan, it is deemed impaired and the difference between the loan amount and the fair value of collateral, net of estimated selling and disposition costs, is charged off through a reduction of the allowance for loan loss.

Other Real Estate Owned

The fair value of other real estate owned is determined through current appraisals, and adjusted as necessary, by management, to reflect current market conditions and anticipated selling and disposition costs. As such, other real estate owned is generally classified as Level 3.

The following tables provide the level of valuation assumptions used to determine the carrying value of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020.

|  | Fair Value at March 31, 2021 |
|  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Impaired loans |  | $ | 12,512 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,512 |
Other real estate owned |  |  | 1,280 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,280 |
Total |  | $ | 13,792 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,792 |

|  | Fair Value at September 30, 2020 |
|  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Impaired loans |  | $ | 11,874 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,874 |
Other real estate owned |  |  | 2,594 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,594 |
Total |  | $ | 14,468 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,468 |

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The following tables present additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

(Dollars in thousands)

| Fair Value | Valuation |  |
March 31, 2021 | Estimate | Techniques | Unobservable Input | Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans | $ 12,512 | Appraisal of collateral (1) | Appraisal adjustments (2) | 0% to -50.0% (-10.8%)
Other real estate owned | $ 1,280 | Appraisal of collateral (1) | Liquidation expenses (2) | -11.7% to -31.2% (-24.6%)

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

(Dollars in thousands)

| Fair Value | Valuation |  |
September 30, 2020 | Estimate | Techniques | Unobservable Input | Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans | $ 11,874 | Appraisal of collateral (1) | Appraisal adjustments (2) | 0% to -50.0% (-11.6%)
Other real estate owned | $ 2,594 | Appraisal of collateral (1) | Liquidation expenses (2) | -6.0% to -27.4% (-14.7%)

| (1) | Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals for the underlying collateral, which generally include various level 3 inputs which are not identifiable.

| (2) | Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. The range and weighted average of liquidation expenses and other appraisal adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal.

The following presents the carrying amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments carried at cost or amortized cost as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020. For short-term financial assets such as cash and cash equivalents and accrued interest receivable, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization. For financial liabilities such as interest-bearing demand, NOW, and money market savings deposits, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to these products being payable on demand and having no stated maturity.

|  | Carrying |  |  | Fair |  |  | Fair Value Measurement Placement |
|  | Value |  |  | Value |  |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
|  | (In thousands) |
March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial instruments - assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities held to maturity |  | $ | 40,797 |  |  | $ | 40,484 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40,484 |  |  | $ | — |
Loans |  |  | 616,975 |  |  |  | 627,951 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 627,951 |
Financial instruments - liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit including retirement certificates |  |  | 116,049 |  |  |  | 117,727 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 117,727 |  |  |  | — |
Borrowings |  |  | 45,881 |  |  |  | 46,550 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46,550 |  |  |  | — |
September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial instruments - assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities held-to-maturity |  | $ | 30,443 |  |  | $ | 30,899 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,899 |  |  | $ | — |
Loans |  |  | 603,110 |  |  |  | 617,418 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 617,418 |
Financial instruments - liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 126,375 |  |  |  | 128,590 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 128,590 |  |  |  | — |
Borrowings |  |  | 67,410 |  |  |  | 68,386 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 68,386 |  |  |  | — |

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NOTE H – LEASES

The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Topic 842 requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, measured at the present value of the future minimum lease payments, at the lease commencement date.

The Company has operating leases for five branch locations. Our leases have remaining lease terms of up to 11 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 10 additional years. Operating leases are recorded as ROU assets and lease liabilities and are included within Other assets and Accounts payable and other liabilities, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Operating lease ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement base on the present value of the remaining lease payments using a discount rate that represents our incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate used by the Company to value its operating leases is based on the interpolated term advance rate available from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York, based on the remaining lease term.

At March 31, 2021, the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities totaled $2.9 million and $3.3 million, respectively.

The following table presents the balance sheet information related to our leases:

|  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Operating lease right-of-use asset |  | $ | 2,941 |
Operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 3,318 |
Weighted average remaining lease term in years |  |  | 7.2 |
Weighted average discount rate |  |  | 2.2% |

The following table summarizes the maturity of our remaining lease liabilities by year:

|  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | (In thousands) |
For the Year Ending: |  |  |  |
2021 |  | $ | 355 |
2022 |  |  | 595 |
2023 |  |  | 602 |
2024 |  |  | 602 |
2025 |  |  | 378 |
2026 and thereafter |  |  | 1,150 |
Total lease payments |  |  | 3,682 |
Less imputed interest |  |  | (364 | )
Present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 3,318 |

Total lease expenses recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Income within Occupancy expense were $406,000 and $403,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

NOTE I - INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair values of securities available for sale at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020:

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|  | March 31, 2021 |
|  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  |  |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
|  | (In thousands) |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  | $ | 242 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 253 |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 14,267 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | (282 | ) |  |  | 14,006 |
Total securities available for sale |  | $ | 14,509 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | (282 | ) |  | $ | 14,259 |

|  | September 30, 2020 |
|  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  |  |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
|  | (In thousands) |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage backed securities - residential |  | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 364 |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 9,092 |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 9,194 |
Debt securities |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,003 |
Total securities available for sale |  | $ | 14,442 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 14,561 |

The maturities of the debt securities and certain information regarding the mortgage-backed securities available for sale at March 31, 2021 are summarized in the following table:

|  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Value |
|  | (In thousands) |
Due within 1 year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Due after 1 but within 5 years |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Due after 5 but within 10 years |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Due after 10 years |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total debt securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  |  | 14,509 |  |  |  | 14,259 |
Commercial |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 14,509 |  |  | $ | 14,259 |

The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair values of securities held to maturity at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020:

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|  | March 31, 2021 |
|  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  |  |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
|  | (In thousands) |
Securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  | $ | 939 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (33 | ) |  | $ | 906 |
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial |  |  | 738 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 738 |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed-securities - residential |  |  | 23,371 |  |  |  | 455 |  |  |  | (277 | ) |  |  | 23,549 |
Debt securities |  |  | 12,498 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (266 | ) |  |  | 12,232 |
Private label mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 255 |
Corporate securities |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (196 | ) |  |  | 2,804 |
Total securities held to maturity |  | $ | 40,797 |  |  | $ | 459 |  |  | $ | (772 | ) |  | $ | 40,484 |

|  | September 30, 2020 |
|  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  |  |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
|  | (In thousands) |
Securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  | $ | 1,453 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | (33 | ) |  | $ | 1,431 |
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial |  |  | 775 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 775 |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage backed securities - residential |  |  | 20,456 |  |  |  | 697 |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | 21,150 |
Debt securities |  |  | 4,500 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | 4,485 |
Private label mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | 254 |
Corporate securities |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (196 | ) |  |  | 2,804 |
Total securities held to maturity |  | $ | 30,443 |  |  | $ | 709 |  |  | $ | (253 | ) |  | $ | 30,899 |

The maturities of the debt securities and certain information regarding the mortgage backed securities held to maturity at March 31, 2021 are summarized in the following table:

|  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Value |
|  | (In thousands) |
Due within 1 year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Due after 1 but within 5 years |  |  | 6,498 |  |  |  | 6,384 |
Due after 5 but within 10 years |  |  | 9,000 |  |  |  | 8,652 |
Due after 10 years |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total debt securities |  |  | 15,498 |  |  |  | 15,036 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  |  | 24,561 |  |  |  | 24,710 |
Commercial |  |  | 738 |  |  |  | 738 |
Total |  | $ | 40,797 |  |  | $ | 40,484 |

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NOTE J – IMPAIRMENT OF INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The Company recognizes credit-related other-than-temporary impairment on debt securities in earnings while noncredit-related other-than-temporary impairment on debt securities not expected to be sold are recognized in other comprehensive income.

The Company reviews its investment portfolio on a quarterly basis for indications of impairment. This review includes analyzing the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been lower than the cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, including any specific events which may influence the operations of the issuer and the intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in the market. The Company evaluates its intent and ability to hold debt securities based upon its investment strategy for the particular type of security and its cash flow needs, liquidity position, capital adequacy and interest rate risk position. In addition, the risk of future other-than-temporary impairment may be influenced by prolonged recession in the U.S. economy, changes in real estate values and interest deferrals.

Investment securities with fair values greater than their amortized cost contain unrealized gains. Investment securities with fair values less than their amortized cost contain unrealized losses. The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and fair value at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020 for both available for sale and held to maturity securities by investment category and time frame for which the loss has been outstanding:

|  |  |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
|  |  |  |  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months Or Greater |  |  | Total |
|  | Number of |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |
|  | Securities |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |
|  |  |  |  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 651 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 255 |  |  | $ | (31 | ) |  | $ | 906 |  |  | $ | (33 | )
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 739 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 739 |  |  |  | — |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 21,776 |  |  |  | (553 | ) |  |  | 414 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 22,190 |  |  |  | (559 | )
Debt securities |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 12,232 |  |  |  | (266 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,232 |  |  |  | (266 | )
Corporate securities |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,804 |  |  |  | (196 | ) |  |  | 2,804 |  |  |  | (196 | )
Total |  |  | 26 |  |  | $ | 34,659 |  |  | $ | (821 | ) |  | $ | 4,212 |  |  | $ | (233 | ) |  | $ | 38,871 |  |  | $ | (1,054 | )

|  |  |  |  | September 30, 2020 |
|  |  |  |  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months Or Greater |  |  | Total |
|  | Number of |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |
|  | Securities |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |
|  |  |  |  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 284 |  |  | $ | (33 | ) |  | $ | 284 |  |  | $ | (33 | )
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 775 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 775 |  |  |  | — |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2,854 |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | 533 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 3,387 |  |  |  | (9 | )
Debt securities |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2,484 |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,484 |  |  |  | (16 | )
Private label mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 254 |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 254 |  |  |  | (5 | )
Corporate securities |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,804 |  |  |  | (196 | ) |  |  | 2,804 |  |  |  | (196 | )
Total |  |  | 9 |  |  | $ | 5,592 |  |  | $ | (24 | ) |  | $ | 4,396 |  |  | $ | (235 | ) |  | $ | 9,988 |  |  | $ | (259 | )

The Company evaluated these securities and determined that the decline in value was primarily related to fluctuations in the interest rate environment and were not related to any company or industry specific event. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, there were 26 and nine, respectively, investment securities with unrealized losses.

The Company anticipates full recovery of amortized costs with respect to these securities. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and has determined that it is not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these securities prior to maturity or market price recovery. Management has considered factors regarding other than temporarily impaired securities and determined that there are no securities with impairment that is other than temporary as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020.

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NOTE K – LOANS RECEIVABLE, NET AND RELATED ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

Loans receivable, net were comprised of the following:

|  | March 31, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | (In thousands) |
One-to-four family residential |  | $ | 208,656 |  |  | $ | 210,360 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 275,678 |  |  |  | 248,134 |
Construction |  |  | 22,495 |  |  |  | 28,242 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 17,621 |  |  |  | 19,373 |
Commercial business |  |  | 98,127 |  |  |  | 100,993 |
Other |  |  | 3,746 |  |  |  | 4,157 |
Total loans receivable |  |  | 626,323 |  |  |  | 611,259 |
Net deferred loan costs |  |  | (1,794 | ) |  |  | (1,749 | )
Allowance for loan losses |  |  | (7,554 | ) |  |  | (6,400 | )
Total loans receivable, net |  | $ | 616,975 |  |  | $ | 603,110 |

The Bank is a participant in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), which was designed by the U.S. Treasury to provide liquidity using the SBA’s platform to small businesses and self-employed individuals to maintain their staff and operations through the COVID-19 pandemic. This liquidity is in the form of a loan, 100% guaranteed by the SBA, that is forgivable provided the funds are used on qualifying payroll costs, and to a lesser extent, rent, utilities and interest on qualifying mortgage payments. The PPP loans, which are included with the commercial business loans in the table above, bear a fixed rate of 1.0% and loan payments are deferred for the first 10 months following the covered period, which is eight to twenty-four weeks following the date the loan is made. The Company originated 350 “First Draw” loans totaling $56.0 million through March 31, 2021 for which it received $2.0 million in origination fees from the SBA. These fees are being amortized over the expected life of the loans, which is two years for loans originated prior to June 4, 2020 and five years for loans originated June 5, 2020 or later. Through March 31, 2021, 214 loans totaling $30.3 million had been forgiven by the SBA.

On December 27, 2020 the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues (“Economic Aid”) Act was signed into law, extending the SBA’s authority to guarantee Second Draw PPP loans, under generally the same terms and conditions available under the First Draw program, through March 31, 2021, subsequently extended by the Paycheck Protection Program Extension Act of 2021 to May 31, 2021. In order to qualify for a Second Draw PPP loan, an applicant must have experienced a revenue reduction of at least 25% in 2020 relative to 2019. As of March 31, 2021, the Company originated 185 PPP loans totaling $26.9 million under the Economic Aid Act to its eligible customers, for which it received $1.2 million in origination fees from the SBA. These fees are being amortized over the expected life of the loans, which is five years. The Economic Aid Act also expanded the eligible expenditures that a business could use PPP proceeds for and provided for a simplified forgiveness application for PPP loans $150,000 or less. At March 31, 2021, PPP loans totaled $52.5 million.

The segments of the Bank’s loan portfolio are disaggregated to a level that allows management to monitor risk and performance. The residential mortgage loan segment is further disaggregated into two classes: amortizing term loans, which are primarily first liens, and home equity lines of credit, which are generally second liens. The commercial real estate loan segment is further disaggregated into three classes: loans secured by multifamily structures, owner-occupied commercial structures, and non-owner occupied nonresidential properties. The construction loan segment consists primarily of loans to developers or investors for the purpose of acquiring, developing and constructing residential or commercial structures and to a lesser extent one-to-four family residential construction loans made to individuals for the acquisition of and/or construction on a lot or lots on which a residential dwelling is to be built. Construction loans to developers and investors have a higher risk profile because the ultimate buyer, once development is completed, is generally not known at the time of the loan. The commercial business loan segment consists of loans made for the purpose of financing the activities of commercial customers and consists primarily of revolving lines of credit. The other loan segment consists primarily of stock-secured installment consumer loans, but also includes unsecured personal loans and overdraft lines of credit connected with customer deposit accounts.

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Management evaluates individual loans in all segments for possible impairment if the loan either is in nonaccrual status, or is risk rated Substandard and is 90 days or more past due. Loans are considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in evaluating impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

Once the determination has been made that a loan is impaired, the recorded investment in the loan is compared to the fair value of the loan using one of three methods: (a) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (b) the loan’s observable market price; or (c) the fair value of the collateral securing the loan, less anticipated selling and disposition costs. The method is selected on a loan by loan basis, with management primarily utilizing the fair value of collateral method. If there is a shortfall between the fair value of the loan and the recorded investment in the loan, the Company charges the difference to the allowance for loan loss as a charge-off and carries the impaired loan on its books at fair value. It is the Company’s policy to evaluate impaired loans on an annual basis to ensure the recorded investment in a loan does not exceed its fair value.

The following tables present impaired loans by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and charged-off and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary at the dates presented:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Impaired |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Loans with |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Impaired Loans with |  |  | No Specific |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Specific Allowance |  |  | Allowance |  |  | Total Impaired Loans |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Unpaid |
|  | Recorded |  |  | Related |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Principal |
March 31, 2021 |  | Investment |  |  | Allowance |  |  | Investment |  |  | Investment |  |  | Balance |
|  | (In thousands) |
One-to-four family residential |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,367 |  |  | $ | 2,367 |  |  | $ | 2,367 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 599 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 3,077 |  |  |  | 3,676 |  |  |  | 3,676 |
Construction |  |  | 1,745 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 2,835 |  |  |  | 4,580 |  |  |  | 4,645 |
Commercial business |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,889 |  |  |  | 1,889 |  |  |  | 1,889 |
Total impaired loans |  | $ | 2,344 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 10,168 |  |  | $ | 12,512 |  |  | $ | 12,577 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Impaired |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Loans with |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Impaired Loans with |  |  | No Specific |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Specific Allowance |  |  | Allowance |  |  | Total Impaired Loans |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Unpaid |
|  | Recorded |  |  | Related |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Principal |
September 30, 2020 |  | Investment |  |  | Allowance |  |  | Investment |  |  | Investment |  |  | Balance |
|  | (In thousands) |
One-to-four family residential |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,601 |  |  | $ | 2,601 |  |  | $ | 2,601 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 599 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 3,806 |  |  |  | 4,405 |  |  |  | 4,405 |
Construction |  |  | 2,306 |  |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 2,835 |  |  |  | 5,141 |  |  |  | 5,206 |
Commercial business |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,014 |  |  |  | 2,014 |  |  |  | 2,218 |
Total impaired loans |  | $ | 2,905 |  |  | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 11,256 |  |  | $ | 14,161 |  |  | $ | 14,430 |

The average recorded investment in impaired loans was $13.3 million and $10.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s impaired loans include delinquent non-accrual loans and performing Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”), as TDRs remain impaired loans until fully repaid. There was one TDR totaling $218,000 during the six months ended March 31, 2021 and there were no TDRs during the six months ended March 31, 2020.

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The following tables present the average recorded investment in impaired loans for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. There was no interest income recognized on impaired loans during the periods presented.

|  | Three Months |  |  | Six Months |
|  | Ended March 31, 2021 |  |  | Ended March 31, 2021 |
|  | (In thousands) |
One-to-four family residential |  | $ | 2,373 |  |  | $ | 2,449 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 4,006 |  |  |  | 4,139 |
Construction |  |  | 4,580 |  |  |  | 4,767 |
Commercial business |  |  | 1,896 |  |  |  | 1,935 |
Average investment in impaired loans |  | $ | 12,855 |  |  | $ | 13,290 |

|  | Three Months |  |  | Six Months |
|  | Ended March 31, 2020 |  |  | Ended March 31, 2020 |
|  | (In thousands) |
One-to-four family residential |  | $ | 1,787 |  |  | $ | 1,659 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 2,995 |  |  |  | 3,528 |
Construction |  |  | 4,053 |  |  |  | 3,669 |
Commercial business |  |  | 1,441 |  |  |  | 1,446 |
Average investment in impaired loans |  | $ | 10,276 |  |  | $ | 10,302 |

Management uses a ten point internal risk rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. The first six categories are considered not criticized, and are aggregated as “Pass” rated. The criticized rating categories utilized by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. The Special Mention category includes assets that are currently protected but are potentially weak, resulting in an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a Substandard classification. Loans in the Substandard category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt, and have a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected. Loans classified Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified Substandard with the added characteristic that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current conditions and facts, is highly improbable. All loans greater than three months past due are considered Substandard. Any portion of a loan that has been charged off is placed in the Loss category.

To help ensure that risk ratings are accurate and reflect the present and future capacity of borrowers to repay a loan as agreed, the Bank has a structured loan rating process with several layers of internal and external oversight. Generally, consumer and residential mortgage loans are included in the Pass categories unless a specific action, such as severe delinquency, bankruptcy, repossession, or death occurs to raise awareness of a possible credit event. The Bank’s Commercial Loan Officers are responsible for the timely and accurate risk rating of the loans in their portfolios at origination and on an ongoing basis. The Asset Review Committee performs monthly reviews of all commercial relationships internally rated 6 (“Watch”) or worse. Confirmation of the appropriate risk grade is performed by an external loan review company that semi-annually reviews and assesses loans within the portfolio. Generally, the external consultant reviews commercial relationships greater than $500,000 and/or criticized relationships greater than $250,000. Detailed reviews, including plans for resolution, are performed on loans classified as Substandard on a monthly basis.

The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate Pass and the criticized categories of Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful within the Bank’s internal risk rating system at the dates presented:

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Table of Contents

|  |  |  |  | Special |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Pass |  |  | Mention |  |  | Substandard |  |  | Doubtful |  |  | Total |
|  | (In thousands) |
March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential |  | $ | 206,936 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,720 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 208,656 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 270,419 |  |  |  | 2,704 |  |  |  | 2,555 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 275,678 |
Construction |  |  | 17,915 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,580 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22,495 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 17,621 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,621 |
Commercial business |  |  | 96,603 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 1,512 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 98,127 |
Other |  |  | 3,746 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,746 |
Total |  | $ | 613,240 |  |  | $ | 2,716 |  |  | $ | 10,367 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 626,323 |

|  |  |  |  | Special |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Pass |  |  | Mention |  |  | Substandard |  |  | Doubtful |  |  | Total |
|  | (In thousands) |
September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential |  | $ | 208,658 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,702 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 210,360 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 242,003 |  |  |  | 2,623 |  |  |  | 3,508 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 248,134 |
Construction |  |  | 23,101 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,141 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,242 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 19,373 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19,373 |
Commercial business |  |  | 98,967 |  |  |  | 178 |  |  |  | 1,848 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100,993 |
Other |  |  | 4,157 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,157 |
Total |  | $ | 596,259 |  |  | $ | 2,801 |  |  | $ | 12,199 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 611,259 |

Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans at the dates presented:

|  |  |  |  | 30-59 |  |  | 60-89 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Days |  |  | Days |  |  | 90 Days + |  |  | Total |  |  | Non- |  |  | Total |
|  | Current |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Accrual |  |  | Loans |
|  | (In thousands) |
March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential |  | $ | 207,199 |  |  | $ | 546 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | 1,457 |  |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | 208,656 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 272,591 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 539 |  |  |  | 2,548 |  |  |  | 3,087 |  |  |  | 2,548 |  |  |  | 275,678 |
Construction |  |  | 17,915 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,580 |  |  |  | 4,580 |  |  |  | 4,580 |  |  |  | 22,495 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 17,621 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,621 |
Commercial business |  |  | 96,615 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,512 |  |  |  | 1,512 |  |  |  | 1,512 |  |  |  | 98,127 |
Other |  |  | 3,746 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,746 |
Total |  | $ | 615,687 |  |  | $ | 546 |  |  | $ | 539 |  |  | $ | 9,551 |  |  | $ | 10,636 |  |  | $ | 9,551 |  |  | $ | 626,323 |

20

Table of Contents

|  |  |  |  | 30-59 |  |  | 60-89 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Days |  |  | Days |  |  | 90 Days + |  |  | Total |  |  | Non- |  |  | Total |
|  | Current |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Accrual |  |  | Loans |
|  | (In thousands) |
September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential |  | $ | 209,455 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 905 |  |  | $ | 905 |  |  | $ | 905 |  |  | $ | 210,360 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 245,029 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 886 |  |  |  | 2,219 |  |  |  | 3,105 |  |  |  | 2,219 |  |  |  | 248,134 |
Construction |  |  | 23,101 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,141 |  |  |  | 5,141 |  |  |  | 5,141 |  |  |  | 28,242 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 19,373 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19,373 |
Commercial business |  |  | 99,397 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 129 |  |  |  | 1,467 |  |  |  | 1,596 |  |  |  | 1,467 |  |  |  | 100,993 |
Other |  |  | 4,157 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,157 |
Total |  | $ | 600,512 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,015 |  |  | $ | 9,732 |  |  | $ | 10,747 |  |  | $ | 9,732 |  |  | $ | 611,259 |

An allowance for loan losses (“ALL”) is maintained to absorb losses from the loan portfolio. The ALL is based on management’s continuing evaluation of the risk characteristics and credit quality of the loan portfolio, assessment of current economic conditions, diversification and size of the portfolio, adequacy of collateral, past and anticipated loss experience, and the amount of non-performing loans (“NPLs”).

The Bank’s methodology for determining the ALL is based on the requirements of ASC Section 310-10-35 for loans individually evaluated for impairment (discussed above) and ASC Subtopic 450-20 for loans collectively evaluated for impairment, as well as the Interagency Policy Statements on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and other bank regulatory guidance.

Loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment are analyzed with general allowances being made as appropriate. For general allowances, historical loss trends are used in the estimation of losses in the current portfolio. These historical loss amounts are modified by other qualitative and economic factors.

The loans are segmented into classes based on their inherent varying degrees of risk, as described above. Management tracks the historical net charge-off activity by segment and utilizes this figure, as a percentage of the segment, as the general reserve percentage for pooled, homogenous loans that have not been deemed impaired. Typically, an average of losses incurred over a defined number of consecutive historical years is used.

Non-impaired credits are segregated for the application of qualitative factors. Management has identified a number of additional qualitative factors which it uses to supplement the historical charge-off factor because these factors are likely to cause estimated credit losses associated with the existing loan pools to differ from historical loss experience. The additional factors that are evaluated quarterly and updated using information obtained from internal, regulatory, and governmental sources include: national and local economic trends and conditions; levels of and trends in delinquency rates and non-accrual loans; trends in volumes and terms of loans; effects of changes in lending policies; experience, ability, and depth of lending staff; value of underlying collateral; and concentrations of credit from a loan type, industry and/or geographic standpoint.

Management reviews the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis using a defined, consistently applied process in order to make appropriate and timely adjustments to the ALL. When information confirms all or part of specific loans to be uncollectible, these amounts are promptly charged off against the ALL. Since loans individually evaluated for impairment are promptly written down to their fair value, typically there is no portion of the ALL for loans individually evaluated for impairment.

The following table summarizes the ALL by loan category and the related activity for the six months ended March 31, 2021:

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Table of Contents

|  | One-to-Four |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Home Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Family |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  | Lines of |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Residential |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Construction |  |  | Credit |  |  | Business |  |  | Other |  |  | Unallocated |  |  | Total |
|  | (In thousands) |
Balance- September 30, 2020 |  | $ | 1,035 |  |  | $ | 3,232 |  |  | $ | 672 |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 1,034 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 247 |  |  | $ | 6,400 |
Charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Recoveries |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 90 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 90 |
Provision (credit) |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 176 |  |  |  | (202 | ) |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 592 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (135 | ) |  |  | 640 |
Balance- December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 1,155 |  |  | $ | 3,408 |  |  | $ | 470 |  |  | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | 1,716 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 7,130 |
Charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (50 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7 |
Provision (credit) |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | 351 |  |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 148 |  |  |  | 467 |
Balance- March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 1,127 |  |  | $ | 3,709 |  |  | $ | 448 |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 1,752 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 260 |  |  | $ | 7,554 |

The following table summarizes the ALL by loan category and the related activity for the six months ended March 31, 2020:

|  | One-to-Four |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Home Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Family |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  | Lines of |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Residential |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Construction |  |  | Credit |  |  | Business |  |  | Other |  |  | Unallocated |  |  | Total |
|  | (In thousands) |
Balance- September 30, 2019 |  | $ | 731 |  |  | $ | 2,066 |  |  | $ | 511 |  |  | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | 1,184 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 4,888 |
Charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Recoveries |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |
Provision (credit) |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | (147 | ) |  |  | 63 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 311 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 210 |
Balance- December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 707 |  |  | $ | 1,919 |  |  | $ | 574 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 1,495 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 263 |  |  | $ | 5,100 |
Charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Recoveries |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |
Provision (credit) |  |  | 227 |  |  |  | 457 |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | (287 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (87 | ) |  |  | 420 |
Balance- March 31, 2020 |  | $ | 939 |  |  | $ | 2,376 |  |  | $ | 644 |  |  | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | 1,208 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 5,525 |

The following tables summarize the ALL by loan category, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020:

|  | One-to-Four |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Home Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Family |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  | Lines of |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Residential |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Construction |  |  | Credit |  |  | Business |  |  | Other |  |  | Unallocated |  |  | Total |
|  | (In thousands) |
Allowance for Loan Losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance - March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 1,127 |  |  | $ | 3,709 |  |  | $ | 448 |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 1,752 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 260 |  |  | $ | 7,554 |
Individually evaluated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
for impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 39 |
Collectively evaluated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
for impairment |  |  | 1,127 |  |  |  | 3,699 |  |  |  | 419 |  |  |  | 257 |  |  |  | 1,752 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 260 |  |  |  | 7,515 |
Loans receivable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance - March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 208,656 |  |  | $ | 275,678 |  |  | $ | 22,495 |  |  | $ | 17,621 |  |  | $ | 98,127 |  |  | $ | 3,746 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 626,323 |
Individually evaluated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
for impairment |  |  | 2,367 |  |  |  | 3,676 |  |  |  | 4,580 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,889 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,512 |
Collectively evaluated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
for impairment |  |  | 206,289 |  |  |  | 272,002 |  |  |  | 17,915 |  |  |  | 17,621 |  |  |  | 96,238 |  |  |  | 3,746 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 613,811 |

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Table of Contents

|  | One-to-Four |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Home Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Family |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  | Lines of |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Residential |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Construction |  |  | Credit |  |  | Business |  |  | Other |  |  | Unallocated |  |  | Total |
|  | (In thousands) |
Allowance for Loan Losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance - September 30, 2020 |  | $ | 1,035 |  |  | $ | 3,232 |  |  | $ | 672 |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 1,034 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 247 |  |  | $ | 6,400 |
Individually evaluated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
for impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 221 |
Collectively evaluated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
for impairment |  |  | 1,035 |  |  |  | 3,186 |  |  |  | 497 |  |  |  | 179 |  |  |  | 1,034 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 247 |  |  |  | 6,179 |
Loans receivable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance - September 30, 2020 |  | $ | 210,250 |  |  | $ | 248,134 |  |  | $ | 28,352 |  |  | $ | 19,373 |  |  | $ | 100,993 |  |  | $ | 4,157 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 611,259 |
Individually evaluated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
for impairment |  |  | 2,601 |  |  |  | 4,405 |  |  |  | 5,141 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,014 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,161 |
Collectively evaluated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
for impairment |  |  | 207,649 |  |  |  | 243,729 |  |  |  | 23,211 |  |  |  | 19,373 |  |  |  | 98,979 |  |  |  | 4,157 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 597,098 |

The allowance for loan losses is based on estimates, and actual losses will vary from current estimates. Management believes that the segmentation of the loan portfolio into homogeneous pools and the related historical loss ratios and other qualitative factors, as well as the consistency in the application of assumptions, result in an ALL that is representative of the risk found in the components of the portfolio at any given date.

A TDR is a loan that has been modified whereby the Bank has agreed to make certain concessions to a borrower to meet the needs of both the borrower and the Bank to maximize the ultimate recovery of a loan. A TDR occurs when a borrower is experiencing, or is expected to experience, financial difficulties and the loan is modified using a modification that would otherwise not be granted to the borrower. The types of concessions granted generally include, but are not limited to, interest rate reductions, limitations on the accrued interest charged, term extensions, and deferment of principal.

A default on a TDR loan for purposes of this disclosure occurs when a borrower is 90 days past due or a foreclosure or repossession of the applicable collateral has occurred. There was one TDR totaling $218,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2021, and there were no TDRs for the six months ended March 31, 2020. The TDR during the six months ended March 31, 2021 was performing in accordance with its restructured terms at March 31, 2021.

|  | Six Months Ended March 31, 2021 |
|  | Number of |  |  | Investment Before |  |  | Investment After |
|  | Loans |  |  | TDR Modification |  |  | TDR Modification |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
One-to-four family residential |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | 249 |
Total |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | 249 |

NOTE L - DEPOSITS

A summary of deposits by type of account are summarized as follows:

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Table of Contents

|  | March 31, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Demand accounts |  | $ | 180,644 |  |  | $ | 163,562 |
Savings accounts |  |  | 80,199 |  |  |  | 74,923 |
NOW accounts |  |  | 71,354 |  |  |  | 65,447 |
Money market accounts |  |  | 192,527 |  |  |  | 188,023 |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 100,860 |  |  |  | 110,650 |
Retirement certificates |  |  | 15,189 |  |  |  | 15,725 |
Total deposits |  | $ | 640,773 |  |  | $ | 618,330 |

NOTE M – INCOME TAXES

The Company records income taxes using the asset and liability method. Accordingly, deferred tax assets and liabilities: (i) are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns; (ii) are attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases; and (iii) are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the years when those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

Where applicable, deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance for any portions determined not likely to be realized. The valuation allowance is assessed by management on a quarterly basis and adjusted, by a charge or credit to income tax expense, as changes in facts and circumstances warrant. In assessing whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, management considers projections of future taxable income, the projected periods in which current temporary differences will be deductible, the availability of carry forwards, feasible and permissible tax planning strategies and existing tax laws and regulations. The Company did not have a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets at March 31, 2021 or September 30, 2020.

A reconciliation of income tax between the amounts calculated based upon pre-tax income at the Company’s federal statutory rate and the amounts reflected in the consolidated statements of operations are as follows:

|  | For the Three Months |  |  | For the Six Months |
|  | Ended March 31, |  |  | Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Income tax expense at the statutory federal tax rate of 21% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 |  | $ | 453 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 853 |  |  | $ | 221 |
State tax expense |  |  | 212 |  |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | 394 |  |  |  | 163 |
Other |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | (25 | )
Income tax expense |  | $ | 652 |  |  | $ | 121 |  |  | $ | 1,221 |  |  | $ | 359 |

On July 1, 2018, the State of New Jersey's Assembly signed into law a new bill, effective January 1, 2018, that imposed a temporary surtax on corporations earning New Jersey allocated income in excess of $1 million. The surtax was set at a rate of 2.5% for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2019, and at a rate of 1.5% for years beginning on or after January 1, 2020, through December 31, 2021. On September 29, 2020, the State of New Jersey's Assembly repealed the scheduled reduction in surtax and extended the temporary 2.5% surtax rate through December 31, 2023. Accordingly, the Company is using an 11.5% State tax rate for the calculation of its State income tax expense for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021.

NOTE N - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE SHEET RISK

The Bank occasionally uses derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swaps and interest rate floors and caps, as part of its interest rate risk management. Interest rate caps and floors are agreements whereby one party agrees to pay or receive a floating rate of interest on a notional principal amount for a predetermined period of time if certain market interest rate thresholds are met. The Bank considers the credit risk inherent in these contracts to be negligible.

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The Bank is a party to interest rate derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments. Under a program, the Bank executes interest rate swaps with commercial lending customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. These interest rate swaps with customers are simultaneously offset by interest rate swaps that the Bank executes with a third-party financial institution, such that the Bank minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. Because the interest rate swaps associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings. The changes in the fair value of the swaps offset each other, except for the credit risk of the counterparties, which is determined by taking into consideration the risk rating, probability of default and loss given default for all counterparties. The Bank had $200,000 and $0, respectively, in cash pledged for collateral on its interest rate swaps with financial institutions at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020.

As of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Company did not hold any interest rate floors or collars.

The following table presents summary information regarding these derivatives for March 31, 2021. There were no derivatives as of September 30, 2020.

| Notional Amount |  | Average Maturiy (Years) |  | Weighted Average Fixed Rate |  | Weighted Average Variable Rate |  | Fair Value
| (Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Classified in Other Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer interest rate swaps | $ 15,300 |  | 5.8 |  | 3.50% |  | 1 Mo. LIBOR + 2.50 |  | $ 186
Classified in Other Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3rd Party interest rate swaps | $ 15,300 |  | 5.8 |  | 3.50% |  | 1 Mo. LIBOR + 2.50 |  | $ 186

In the normal course of business the Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk and in only to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments are commitments to extend credit are summarized in the below table. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

|  | March 31, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Financial instruments whose contract amounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
represent credit risk |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Letters of credit |  | $ | 1,042 |  |  | $ | 1,041 |
Unused lines of credit |  |  | 76,087 |  |  |  | 78,632 |
Fixed rate loan commitments |  |  | 2,638 |  |  |  | 5,240 |
Variable rate loan commitments |  |  | 9,460 |  |  |  | 15,864 |
Total |  | $ | 89,227 |  |  | $ | 100,777 |

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

When used in this filing and in future filings by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in the Company’s press releases or other public or shareholder communications, or in oral statements made with the approval of an authorized executive officer, the words or phrases, “anticipate,” “would be,” “will allow,” “intends to,” “will likely result,” “are expected to,” “will continue,” “is anticipated,” “estimated,” “projected,” “believes”, or similar expressions are intended to identify “forward looking statements.” Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those risks previously disclosed by the Company in Item 1A of its Annual Report on Form 10-K as may be supplemented by Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC, general economic conditions, changes in interest rates, regulatory considerations, competition, technological developments, retention and recruitment of qualified personnel, and market acceptance of the Company’s pricing, products and services, and with respect to the loans extended by the Bank and real estate owned, the following: risks related to the economic environment in the market areas in which the Bank operates, particularly with respect to the real estate market in New Jersey; the risk that the value of the real estate securing these loans may decline in value; and the risk that significant expense may be incurred by the Company in connection with the resolution of these loans. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic is having an adverse impact on the Company, its customers and the communities it serves. The adverse effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company, its customers and the communities where it operates may adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition for an indefinite period of time.

The Company wishes to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made, and advises readers that various factors, including regional and national economic conditions, substantial changes in levels of market interest rates, credit and other risks of lending and investing activities, and competitive and regulatory factors, could affect the Company’s financial performance and could cause the Company’s actual results for future periods to differ materially from those anticipated or projected.

The Company does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to update any forward-looking statements to reflect occurrences or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

Critical Accounting Policies

Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. Critical accounting policies may involve complex subjective decisions or assessments. We consider the following to be our critical accounting policies.

Allowance for Loan Losses. The allowance for loan losses is the amount estimated by management as necessary to cover credit losses in the loan portfolio both probable and reasonably estimable at the balance sheet date. The allowance is established through the provision for loan losses which is charged against income. In determining the allowance for loan losses, management makes significant estimates and has identified this policy as one of our most critical. Due to the high degree of judgment involved, the subjectivity of the assumptions utilized and the potential for changes in the economic environment that could result in changes to the amount of the recorded allowance for loan losses, the methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses is considered a critical accounting policy by management.

As a substantial amount of our loan portfolio is collateralized by real estate, appraisals of the underlying value of property securing loans and discounted cash flow valuations of properties are critical in determining the amount of the allowance required for specific loans. Assumptions for appraisals and discounted cash flow valuations are instrumental in determining the value of properties. Overly optimistic assumptions or negative changes to assumptions could significantly affect the valuation of a property securing a loan and the related allowance determined. The assumptions supporting such appraisals and discounted cash flow valuations are carefully reviewed by management to determine that the resulting values reasonably reflect amounts realizable on the related loans.

Management performs a quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. We consider a variety of factors in establishing this estimate including, but not limited to, current economic conditions, delinquency statistics, geographic and industry concentrations, the adequacy of the underlying collateral, the financial strength of the borrower, results of internal loan reviews and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates by management that may be susceptible to significant change based on changes in economic and real estate market conditions.

The evaluation has a specific and general component. The specific component relates to loans that are delinquent or otherwise identified as impaired through the application of our loan review process and our loan grading system. All such loans are evaluated individually, with principal consideration given to the value of the collateral securing the loan and discounted cash flows. Specific impairment allowances are established as required by this analysis. The general component is determined by segregating the remaining loans by type of loan, risk weighting (if applicable) and payment history. We also analyze historical loss experience, delinquency trends, general economic conditions and geographic and industry concentrations. This analysis establishes factors that are applied to the loan groups to determine the amount of the general component of the allowance for loan losses.

Actual loan losses may be significantly greater than the allowances we have established, which could have a material negative effect on our financial results.

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Other Real Estate Owned. Real estate acquired through foreclosure, or a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, is recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs at the date of acquisition or transfer, and subsequently at the lower of its new cost or fair value less estimated selling costs. Adjustments to the carrying value at the date of acquisition or transfer are charged to the allowance for loan losses. The carrying value of the individual properties is subsequently adjusted to the extent it exceeds estimated fair value less estimated selling costs, at which time a provision for losses on such real estate is charged to operations.

Appraisals are critical in determining the fair value of the other real estate owned amount. Assumptions for appraisals are instrumental in determining the value of properties. Overly optimistic assumptions or negative changes to assumptions could significantly affect the valuation of a property. The assumptions supporting such appraisals are carefully reviewed by management to determine that the resulting values reasonably reflect amounts realizable.

Investment Securities. If the fair value of a security is less than its amortized cost, the security is deemed to be impaired. Management evaluates all securities with unrealized losses quarterly to determine if such impairments are “temporary” or “other-than-temporary” in accordance with applicable accounting guidance. The Company accounts for temporary impairments based upon security classification as either available-for-sale, held-to-maturity, or trading. Temporary impairments on “available-for-sale” securities are recognized, on a tax-effected basis, through accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) with offsetting entries adjusting the carrying value of the security and the balance of deferred taxes. Conversely, the Company does not adjust the carrying value of “held-to-maturity” securities for temporary impairments, although information concerning the amount and duration of impairments on held to maturity securities is generally disclosed in periodic financial statements. The carrying value of securities held in a trading portfolio is adjusted to their fair value through earnings on a daily basis. However, the Company maintained no securities in trading portfolios at or during the periods presented in these financial statements.

The Company accounts for other-than-temporary impairments based upon several considerations. First, other-than-temporary impairments on securities that the Company has decided to sell as of the close of a fiscal period, or will, more likely than not, be required to sell prior to the full recovery of their fair value to a level equal to their amortized cost, are recognized in operations. If neither of these criteria apply, then the other-than-temporary impairment is separated into credit-related and noncredit-related components. The credit-related impairment generally represents the amount by which the present value of the cash flows that are expected to be collected on an other-than-temporarily impaired security fall below its amortized cost while the noncredit-related component represents the remaining portion of the impairment not otherwise designated as credit-related. The Company recognizes credit-related, other-than-temporary impairments in earnings, while noncredit-related, other-than-temporary impairments on debt securities are recognized, net of deferred taxes, in AOCI. Management did not account for any other-than-temporary impairments at or during the periods presented in these financial statements.

Fair Value. We use fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Our securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record at fair value other assets or liabilities on a non-recurring basis, such as held-to-maturity securities, mortgage servicing rights, loans receivable and other real estate owned. These non-recurring fair value adjustments involve the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

In accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, we group our assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. We base our fair values on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

Deferred Income Taxes. The Company records income taxes using the asset and liability method. Accordingly, deferred tax assets and liabilities: (i) are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns; (ii) are attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases; and (iii) are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the years when those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

Where applicable, deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance for any portions determined not likely to be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income tax expense in the period of enactment. The valuation allowance is adjusted, by a charge or credit to income tax expense, as changes in facts and circumstances warrant.

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Coronavirus/COVID-19

The extraordinary impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented environment for consumers and businesses alike. To protect our employees and customers from potential exposure to the virus, all Magyar Bank lobbies continue to observe best practice protocols to limit exposure and/or spread of the virus.

To assist our loan customers, Magyar Bank has offered loan payment deferrals to borrowers unable to make their contractual payments due to COVID-19. Deferral requests are considered on a case-by-case basis and are initially approved for a three-month period for principal and interest payments or for interest-only payments depending on the borrower’s circumstances. An additional three-month period is available for businesses that remain unable to operate and for consumers unable to make their mortgage or home equity payments due to COVID-19. Additional deferrals will be considered for businesses experiencing a prolonged impact from the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the accommodation and food service industries. At March 31, 2021, Magyar Bank had 31 loans totaling $24.0 million to businesses in the accommodations and food services industries. Magyar Bank’s loan portfolio does not have a significant exposure to the travel or entertainment industry.

Through March 31, 2021, we had modified 284 loans aggregating $150.9 million for the deferral of principal and/or interest payments. Of these loans, at March 31, 2021, 247 loans aggregating $127.6 million had resumed making their contractual loan payments, 31 loans totaling $13.5 million had paid off (including their deferred payments), three loans totaling $7.8 million were currently deferred, and three loans totaling $2.0 million were past their deferral period and delinquent. Of the three delinquent deferred loans, one commercial business loan totaling $1.4 million was delinquent more than 90 days, one commercial real estate loan totaling $539,000 was delinquent 89 days and one residential loan totaling $113,000 was delinquent 58 days at March 31, 2021. Details with respect to loans modifications as of March 31, 2021 are as follows:

March 31, 2021 |  | Number of Loans |  |  | Balance |  |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate |
|  |  |  |  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate (1) |  |  | 83 |  |  | $ | 21,725 |  |  |  | 4.07% |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 136 |  |  |  | 105,926 |  |  |  | 4.68% |
Construction |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 2,630 |  |  |  | 3.77% |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 896 |  |  |  | 4.33% |
Commercial business |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 6,245 |  |  |  | 6.06% |
Total |  |  | 253 |  |  | $ | 137,422 |  |  |  | 4.63% |
(1) Includes home equity loans. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The Bank participated in the PPP to provide liquidity using the SBA platform to small businesses and self-employed individuals to maintain their staff and operations through the COVID-19 pandemic. This liquidity is in the form of a loan, 100% guaranteed by the SBA, that is forgivable provided the funds are used on qualifying payroll costs, and to a lesser extent, rent, utilities and interest on qualifying mortgage payments. The loans bear a fixed rate of 1.0% and loan payments are deferred for the first 10 months following the covered period, which is eight to twenty-four weeks following the date the loan is made. We originated 350 “First Draw” loans totaling $56.0 million through March 31, 2021 for which we received $2.0 million in origination fees from the SBA. These fees are being amortized over the expected life of the loans, which is two years for loans originated prior to June 4, 2020 and five years for loans originated June 5, 2020 or later. Through March 31, 2021, 214 loans totaling $30.3 million had been forgiven by the SBA.

On December 27, 2020 the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues (“Economic Aid”) Act was signed into law, extending the SBA’s authority to guarantee “Second Draw” PPP loans, under generally the same terms and conditions available under the First Draw program, through March 31, 2021, subsequently extended by the Paycheck Protection Program Extension Act of 2021 to May 31, 2021. In order to qualify for a Second Draw PPP loan, an applicant must have experienced a revenue reduction of at least 25% in 2020 relative to 2019. As of March 31, 2021, the Company originated 185 PPP loans totaling $26.9 million under the Economic Aid Act to its eligible customers, for which it received $1.2 million in origination fees from the SBA. These fees are being amortized over the expected life of the loans, which is five years. The Economic Aid Act also expanded the eligible expenditures for which a business could use PPP proceeds for and provided for a simplified forgiveness application for PPP loans $150,000 or less. At March 31, 2021, our PPP loans totaled $52.5 million.

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The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System created the Paycheck Protection Program Lending Facility (“PPPLF”) to facilitate lending by eligible financial institutions to small businesses under the PPP. Under the PPPLF, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York provided advances with a fixed interest rate of 0.35% to Magyar Bank on a non-recourse basis, taking PPP loans as collateral. In addition, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation allows Magyar Bank to neutralize the effect of PPP loans financed under the PPPLF on Tier 1 leverage capital ratios. The Bank funded its PPP loans with $36.9 million in PPPLF, $17.4 million of which was outstanding at March 31, 2021.

The health of the banking industry is highly correlated with that of the economy. The temporary and/or partial closures of non-essential businesses in our local and national economies increases the likelihood of recession, which typically results in an increased level of credit losses. Accordingly, our provisions for loan losses have increased and will be closely monitored throughout the pandemic. In addition to utilizing quantitative loss factors, we consider qualitative factors, such as changes in underwriting policies, current economic conditions, delinquency statistics, the adequacy of the underlying collateral, and the financial strength of the borrower. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of our loan portfolio in future quarters is unknown, however all of these factors are likely to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Comparison of Financial Condition at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020

Total Assets. Total assets increased $4.8 million, or 0.6%, to $758.8 million at March 31, 2021 compared to $754.0 million at September 30, 2020. The increase was attributable to higher balances of loans receivable, net of allowance for loan loss, and investment securities, partially offset by lower balances of cash and interest-earning deposits.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and interest-earning deposits with banks decreased $18.7 million, or 30.3%, to $43.0 million at March 31, 2021 from $61.7 million at September 31, 2020. The decrease resulted primarily from loan originations and investment security purchases during the six months ended March 31, 2021.

Total Loans. Total loans receivable increased $15.1 million, or 2.5%, during the six months ended March 31, 2021 to $626.3 million at March 31, 2021 from $611.3 million at September 30, 2020. At March 31, 2021, our loans were comprised of the following: $275.7 million, or 44.0% of our loan portfolio, in commercial real estate loans, $208.7 million, or 33.3% of our total loan portfolio, in one- to four- family residential mortgage loans, $98.1 million, or 15.7% of our loan portfolio, in commercial business loans, $22.5 million, or 3.6% of our loan portfolio, in construction loans, $17.6 million, or 2.8% of our loan portfolio, in home equity lines of credit, and $3.7 million, or 0.6% of our loan portfolio, in other loans. Included with the commercial business loans were $52.5 million in PPP loans. The increase in total loans receivable at March 31, 2021 occurred in commercial real estate loans, which increased $27.5 million, or 11.1%. Partially offsetting this increase were decreases in construction loans, which decreased $5.7 million, commercial business loans, which decreased $2.9 million (PPP loans decreased $3.4 million), one- to four- family residential real estate loans (including home equity lines of credit), which decreased $3.4 million, and other loans, which decreased $411,000.

Total non-performing loans decreased $181,000, or 1.9%, to $9.5 million at March 31, 2021 from $9.7 million at September 30, 2020. The decrease was attributable to repayments of non-performing loans totaling $909,000, two foreclosed loans totaling $572,000 that were transferred to OREO, and the restructure of one loan totaling $218,000 during the six months ended March 31, 2021. Offsetting these decreases was the addition of four loans totaling $1.5 million. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, foreclosures of collateral securing one- to four-family residential mortgage loans have been temporarily suspended while the foreclosure proceedings of commercial real estate are expected to slow significantly as court hearings have been postponed until further notice.

The ratio of non-performing loans to total loans decreased to 1.52% at March 31, 2021 from 1.59% at September 30, 2020. At March 31, 2021, included in the non-performing loan totals were seven commercial real estate loans totaling $2.5 million, two construction loans totaling $4.6 million, three commercial business loans totaling $1.5 million and two residential mortgage loans totaling $910,000. During the six months ended March 31, 2021, there was one charge-off totaling $50,000 and there were $97,000 in recoveries of previously charged-off non-performing loans.

The allowance for loan loss increased to $7.6 million at March 31, 2021 from $6.4 million at September 30, 2020, an increase of $1.2 million. The increase was attributable to $1.1 million in provisions for loan loss and $47,000 in net recoveries from loans previously charged off. The increased provision for loan losses, compared to a provision of $631,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2020, resulted from higher adjustments to our historical loan losses due to the prolonged economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our consumer and business loan portfolios. The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of non-performing loans increased to 79.1% at March 31, 2021 compared to 65.8% at September 30, 2020. At March 31, 2021, our allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans was 1.21% compared with 1.05% at September 30, 2020.

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Future increases in the allowance for loan losses may be necessary based on the growth of the loan portfolio, the change in composition of the loan portfolio, possible future increases in non-performing loans and charge-offs, and the possible deterioration of the current economic environment due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Investment Securities. Investment securities increased $10.1 million, or 22.3%, to $55.1 million at March 31, 2021 from $45.0 million at September 30, 2020. The increase resulted primarily from the purchase of nine mortgage-backed securities totaling $19.8 million and five callable U.S. government-sponsored enterprise bonds totaling $10.0 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021, offset, in part, by payments from mortgage-backed securities and bond calls totaling $19.3 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021. There were no sales of investment securities during the six months ended March 31, 2021.

Investment securities at March 31, 2021 consisted of $39.3 million in mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, $12.5 million in U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities, $3.0 million in corporate notes, and $251,000 in “private-label” mortgage-backed securities. There were no other-than-temporary-impairment charges for investment securities for the six months ended March 31, 2021.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance. The cash surrender value of life insurance held for directors and officers of Magyar Bank was $14.1 million at March 31, 2021 compared with $14.0 million at September 30, 2020. During the six months ended March 31, 2021, we did not purchase any new bank-owned life insurance policies.

Other Real Estate Owned. Other real estate owned decreased $1.3 million, or 50.7%, to $1.3 million at March 31, 2021 from $2.6 million at September 30, 2020. During the six months ended March 31, 2021, the Company sold two properties totaling $1.7 million for a $79,000 gain, established valuation allowances totaling $215,000, and added two properties totaling $522,000 from the foreclosure of collateral securing non-performing loans. We are determining the proper course of action for our remaining other real estate owned, which may include holding the properties until the real estate market further improves, leasing properties to offset carrying costs and selling the properties.

Deposits. Total deposits increased $22.4 million, or 3.6%, to $640.8 million at March 31, 2021 from $618.3 million at September 30, 2020. The inflow in deposits occurred in non-interest bearing checking accounts, which increased $17.1 million, or 10.4%, to $180.6 million, in interest-bearing checking accounts (NOW), which increased $5.9 million, or 9.0%, to $71.4 million, in savings accounts, which increased $5.3 million, or 7.0%, to $80.2 million, and in money market accounts, which increased $4.5 million, or 2.4%, to $192.5 million. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in certificates of deposit (including individual retirement accounts), of $10.3 million, or 8.2%, to $116.1 million.

Brokered certificates of deposit decreased $5.0 million to $4.4 million at March 31, 2021 from $9.4 million at September 30, 2020. The decrease resulted from a $5.0 million brokered certificate of deposit which matured and was repaid from interest-earning deposits with banks during the six months ended March 31, 2021.

Borrowings. Borrowings decreased $21.5 million, or 31.9%, to $45.9 million at March 31, 2021 from $67.4 million at September 30, 2020. The decrease resulted from the repayment of $19.5 million in Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility advances from the Federal Reserve Bank during the six month period as the PPP loans securing the advances were forgiven by the SBA. Borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York decreased $2.0 million to $28.5 million from a matured term advance that was repaid from interest- earning deposits with banks during the six months ended March 31, 2021.

Stockholders’ Equity. Stockholders’ equity increased $2.6 million, or 4.6%, to $59.5 million at March 31, 2021 from $56.9 million at September 30, 2020. The increase in stockholders’ equity resulted primarily from net income of $2.8 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021. Book value per share of our common stock increased to $10.24 at March 31, 2021 from $9.78 at September 30, 2020.

We did not repurchase shares of our common stock during the six months ended March 31, 2021. Through March 31, 2021, we have repurchased 91,000 shares of our common stock at an average price of $8.41 pursuant to the second stock repurchase plan, which has reduced outstanding shares to 5,810,746.

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Average Balance Sheet for the Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

The following tables present certain information regarding the Company’s financial condition and net interest income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. The tables present the annualized average yield on interest-earning assets and the annualized average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. We derived the yields and costs by dividing annualized income or expense by the average balance of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, respectively, for the periods shown. We derived average balances from daily balances over the period indicated. Interest income includes fees that we consider adjustments to yields.

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Average Balance |  |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  |  | Yield/Cost (Annualized) |  |  | Average Balance |  |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  |  | Yield/Cost (Annualized) |
|  | (Dollars In Thousands) |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning deposits |  | $ | 49,004 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  |  | 0.13% |  |  | $ | 26,632 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  |  | 1.27% |
Loans receivable, net |  |  | 607,743 |  |  |  | 6,890 |  |  |  | 4.60% |  |  |  | 532,081 |  |  |  | 6,224 |  |  |  | 4.69% |
Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  |  | 52,387 |  |  |  | 192 |  |  |  | 1.49% |  |  |  | 45,114 |  |  |  | 257 |  |  |  | 2.29% |
FHLB of NY stock |  |  | 1,956 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 5.16% |  |  |  | 1,974 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 6.97% |
Total interest-earning assets |  |  | 711,090 |  |  |  | 7,122 |  |  |  | 4.06% |  |  |  | 605,801 |  |  |  | 6,599 |  |  |  | 4.37% |
Noninterest-earning assets |  |  | 43,461 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 46,667 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 754,551 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 652,468 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings accounts (1) |  | $ | 77,700 |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 0.20% |  |  | $ | 70,342 |  |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | 0.60% |
NOW accounts (2) |  |  | 259,291 |  |  |  | 169 |  |  |  | 0.26% |  |  |  | 236,877 |  |  |  | 682 |  |  |  | 1.16% |
Time deposits (3) |  |  | 117,210 |  |  |  | 362 |  |  |  | 1.25% |  |  |  | 129,458 |  |  |  | 610 |  |  |  | 1.89% |
Total interest-bearing deposits |  |  | 454,201 |  |  |  | 569 |  |  |  | 0.51% |  |  |  | 436,677 |  |  |  | 1,398 |  |  |  | 1.28% |
Borrowings |  |  | 55,195 |  |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 1.28% |  |  |  | 30,675 |  |  |  | 169 |  |  |  | 2.21% |
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 509,396 |  |  |  | 744 |  |  |  | 0.59% |  |  |  | 467,352 |  |  |  | 1,567 |  |  |  | 1.34% |
Noninterest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 186,842 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 130,099 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  |  | 696,238 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 597,451 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings |  |  | 58,313 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55,017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and retained earnings |  | $ | 754,551 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 652,468 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest and dividend income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,378 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,032 |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.47% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.03% |
Net interest-earning assets |  | $ | 201,694 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 138,449 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest margin (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.64% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.33% |
Average interest-earning assets to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 139.59% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 129.62% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) Includes passbook savings, money market passbook and club accounts.

(2) Includes interest-bearing checking and money market accounts.

(3) Includes certificates of deposits and individual retirement accounts.

(4) Calculated as annualized net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

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|  | For the Six Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Average Balance |  |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  |  | Yield/Cost (Annualized) |  |  | Average Balance |  |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  |  | Yield/Cost (Annualized) |
|  | (Dollars In Thousands) |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning deposits |  | $ | 51,764 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  |  | 0.14% |  |  | $ | 22,736 |  |  | $ | 155 |  |  |  | 1.36% |
Loans receivable, net |  |  | 606,757 |  |  |  | 13,641 |  |  |  | 4.51% |  |  |  | 527,234 |  |  |  | 12,621 |  |  |  | 4.77% |
Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  |  | 49,979 |  |  |  | 398 |  |  |  | 1.60% |  |  |  | 46,244 |  |  |  | 523 |  |  |  | 2.26% |
FHLB of NY stock |  |  | 1,968 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 5.10% |  |  |  | 2,059 |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | 6.91% |
Total interest-earning assets |  |  | 710,468 |  |  |  | 14,124 |  |  |  | 3.99% |  |  |  | 598,273 |  |  |  | 13,370 |  |  |  | 4.46% |
Noninterest-earning assets |  |  | 43,482 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 46,882 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 753,950 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 645,155 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings accounts (1) |  | $ | 76,570 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  |  | 0.22% |  |  | $ | 70,267 |  |  | $ | 220 |  |  |  | 0.62% |
NOW accounts (2) |  |  | 258,070 |  |  |  | 430 |  |  |  | 0.33% |  |  |  | 235,794 |  |  |  | 1,417 |  |  |  | 1.20% |
Time deposits (3) |  |  | 119,074 |  |  |  | 819 |  |  |  | 1.38% |  |  |  | 125,990 |  |  |  | 1,208 |  |  |  | 1.91% |
Total interest-bearing deposits |  |  | 453,714 |  |  |  | 1,334 |  |  |  | 0.59% |  |  |  | 432,051 |  |  |  | 2,845 |  |  |  | 1.31% |
Borrowings |  |  | 60,347 |  |  |  | 366 |  |  |  | 1.21% |  |  |  | 32,572 |  |  |  | 365 |  |  |  | 2.24% |
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 514,061 |  |  |  | 1,700 |  |  |  | 0.66% |  |  |  | 464,623 |  |  |  | 3,210 |  |  |  | 1.38% |
Noninterest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 180,218 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 124,985 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  |  | 694,279 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 589,608 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings |  |  | 59,671 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55,547 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and retained earnings |  | $ | 753,950 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 645,155 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest and dividend income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,424 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,160 |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.33% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.08% |
Net interest-earning assets |  | $ | 196,407 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 133,650 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest margin (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.51% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.39% |
Average interest-earning assets to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 138.21% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 128.77% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) Includes passbook savings, money market passbook and club accounts.

(2) Includes interest-bearing checking and money market accounts.

(3) Includes certificates of deposits and individual retirement accounts.

(4) Calculated as annualized net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

Net Income. Net income increased $1.2 million, or 393.8%, to $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to net income of $305,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase resulted from higher net interest and dividend income and non-interest income, partially offset by higher provisions for loan loss and other expenses.

Net Interest and Dividend Income. Net interest and dividend income increased $1.4 million, or 26.7%, to $6.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

An increase of $105.3 million in average total interest-earning assets as well as a 31 basis point increase in the Company’s net interest margin to 3.64% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 3.33% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 accounted for the higher net interest and dividend income between periods.

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The yield on interest-earning assets decreased 31 basis points to 4.06% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from 4.37% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 due to lower market interest rates. The yield on investment securities decreased 80 basis points to 1.49% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from 2.29% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 while the yield on loans receivable decreased nine basis points to 4.60% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from 4.69% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. In addition, the yield on interest-earning deposits decreased 114 basis points to 0.13% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from 1.27% for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The cost of the Company’s interest-bearing liabilities decreased 75 basis points to 0.59% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from 1.34% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 due to lower market interest rates. The cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased 77 basis points to 0.51% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from 1.28% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 while the cost of borrowings decreased 93 basis points to 1.28% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from 2.21% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. In addition, the average balance of non-interest bearing liabilities increased $56.7 million to $186.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from $130.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Interest and Dividend Income. Interest and dividend income increased $523,000, or 7.9%, to $7.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $6.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase was attributable to higher average balances of interest-earning assets, which increased $105.3 million between periods. The increase in average balances of interest-earning assets occurred in loans receivable, which increased $75.7 million, or 14.2%, in investment securities, which increased $7.3 million, or 16.1%, and in interest-earning deposits, which increased $22.4 million, or 84.0%. Growth in loans receivable was partially attributable to the origination of $82.8 million in PPP loans, of which $52.5 million were outstanding at March 31, 2021.

Interest earned on investment securities, including interest-earning deposits, and excluding FHLB stock, decreased $134,000, or 39.3%, to $207,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from $341,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease resulted primarily from a 108 basis points decrease in average yield on investment securities and interest-earning deposits, to 0.83% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from 1.91% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease in yield on interest-earning deposits reflected the lower interest rates paid on reserves by the Federal Reserve Bank as well as lower market interest rates on investment securities between the comparable periods.

Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased $823,000, or 52.5%, to $744,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Although the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities increased $42.0 million, or 9.0%, to $509.4 million from $467.4 million between the two periods, the cost of such liabilities decreased 75 basis points to 0.59% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with 1.34% for the prior year period. Lower market interest rates accounted for the decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

The average balance of interest-bearing deposits increased $17.5 million to $454.2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 from $436.7 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, while the average cost of such deposits decreased 77 basis points to 0.51% from 1.28% between the two periods. As a result, interest paid on interest-bearing deposits decreased $829,000 to $569,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Interest paid on borrowings increased $6,000, or 3.6%, to $175,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from $169,000 for the prior year period. The increase resulted from a $24.5 million increase in the average balance of such borrowings to $55.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from $30.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, offset by a 93 basis point decrease in the average cost of borrowings to 1.28% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 from 2.21% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Lower market interest rates contributed to the lower average cost of interest-bearing deposits while PPPLF advances contributed to the lower average cost of borrowings.

Provision for Loan Losses. We establish provisions for loan losses, which are charged to earnings, at a level necessary to absorb known and inherent losses that are both probable and reasonably estimable at the date of the financial statements. In evaluating the level of the allowance for loan losses, management considers historical loss experience, the types of loans and the amount of loans in the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, peer group information and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available or as future events occur.

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After an evaluation of these factors, management recorded a provision of $467,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $420,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increased provision for loan losses resulted from higher adjustments to our historical loan losses due to the prolonged economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our consumer and business loan portfolios. In addition to the provisions, we recorded $43,000 in net charge-offs during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with $4,000 in net recoveries during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses necessarily involves a high degree of judgment. Management reviews the level of the allowance on a quarterly basis, and establishes the provision for loan losses based on the factors set forth “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies − Allowance for Loan Losses.” As management evaluates the allowance for loan losses, the increased risk associated with larger non-homogenous construction, commercial real estate and commercial business loans may result in larger additions to the allowance for loan losses in future periods. In addition, the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our borrowers may also result in larger additions to the allowance for loan losses in future periods.

Other Income. Other income increased $563,000, or 150.5%, to $937,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $374,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Fees for other customer services increased $303,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The Company received a fee of three percent of the Small Business Relief Grant program it assisted Middlesex County with processing. There were no such fees recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Interest rate swap fees increased $107,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The interest rate swap fees reflect the present value of mark-up fees received on back-to-back loan swap transactions. There were no such fees recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The Company also recorded higher gains from the sales of loans, which were $106,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with no gains for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Other Expenses. Other expenses increased $130,000, or 2.9%, to $4.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 from $4.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The increase in other expenses was primarily attributable to professional fees, which increased $45,000, or 10.5%, due to higher legal and consulting fees related to the collection and foreclosure of non-performing loans. Compensation and benefit expenses increased $39,000, or 1.5%, due to higher incentive plan accruals, partially offset by lower compensation from lower full-time equivalent employees between periods. In addition, loan servicing expenses increased $28,000, or 32.6%, from higher loan origination and repayment activity, and occupancy expense increased $15,000, or 2.0%, from higher snowplowing and salting costs between periods.

Income Tax Expense. We recorded tax expense of $652,000 on pre-tax income of $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to tax expense of $121,000 on pre-tax income of $426,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was 30.2% compared with 28.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Six Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

Net Income. Net income increased $2.0 million, or 231.4%, to $2.8 million during the six-month period ended March 31, 2021 compared with $858,000 for the six-month period ended March 31, 2020 due to higher net interest and dividend income and non-interest income, partially offset by higher provisions for loan loss and other expenses.

Net Interest and Dividend Income. Net interest and dividend income increased $2.2 million, or 22.3%, to $12.4 million for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from $10.2 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020.

An increase of $112.2 million in the average balance of total interest-earning assets as well as a 12 basis point increase in the Company’s net interest margin to 3.51% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 3.39% for the six months ended March 31, 2020 accounted for the higher net interest and dividend income between periods.

The yield on interest-earning assets decreased 47 basis points to 3.99% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from 4.46% for the six months ended March 31, 2020 due to lower market interest rates. The yield on investment securities decreased 66 basis points to 1.60% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from 2.26% for the six months ended March 31, 2020 while the yield on loans receivable decreased 26 basis points to 4.51% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from 4.77% for the six months ended March 31, 2020. In addition, the yield on interest-earning deposits decreased 122 basis points to 0.14% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from 1.36% for the six months ended March 31, 2020.

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The cost of the Company’s interest-bearing liabilities decreased 72 basis points to 0.66% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from 1.38% for the six months ended March 31, 2020 due to lower market interest rates. The cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased 72 basis points to 0.59% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from 1.31% for the six months ended March 31, 2020 while the cost of borrowings decreased 103 basis points to 1.21% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from 2.24% for the six months ended March 31, 2020. In addition, the average balance of non-interest bearing liabilities increased $55.2 million to $180.2 million for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from $125.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020.

Interest and Dividend Income. Interest and dividend income increased $754,000, or 5.6%, to $14.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from $13.4 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020. The increase was attributable to higher average balances of interest-earning assets, which increased $112.2 million between periods. The increase in average balances of interest-earning assets occurred in loans receivable, which increased $79.5 million, or 15.1%, in investment securities, which increased $3.7 million, or 8.1%, and in interest-earning deposits, which increased $29.0 million, or 127.7%. Growth in loans receivable was partially attributable to the origination of $82.8 million in PPP loans, of which $52.5 million were outstanding at March 31, 2021.

Interest earned on investment securities, including interest-earning deposits, and excluding FHLB stock, decreased $246,000, or 36.2%, to $433,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from $679,000 the prior year period. The decrease resulted primarily from a 110 basis points decrease in average yield on investment securities and interest-earning deposits, to 0.86% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from 1.96% for the six months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease in yield on interest-earning deposits reflected the lower interest rates paid on reserves by the Federal Reserve Bank as well as lower market interest rates on investment securities between the comparable periods.

Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased $1.5 million, or 47.0%, to $1.7 million for the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared with the six months ended March 31, 2020. The average balance of interest-bearing liabilities increased $49.4 million, or 10.6%, between the two periods, while the cost of such liabilities decreased 72 basis points to 0.66% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared with the prior year period. Lower market interest rates accounted for the decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

The average balance of interest-bearing deposits increased $21.6 million to $453.7 million for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from $432.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020, while the average cost of such deposits decreased 72 basis points to 0.59% from 1.31% between the two periods. As a result, interest paid on interest-bearing deposits decreased $1.5 million to $1.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared with $2.8 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020.

Interest paid on borrowings increased $1,000, or 0.3%, to $366,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from $365,000 for the prior year period. The increase resulted from an increase of $27.7 million in the average balance of such borrowings to $60.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from $32.6 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020, offset by a decrease of 103 basis points in the average cost of borrowings to 1.21% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from 2.24% for the six months ended March 31, 2020. Lower market interest rates contributed to the lower average cost of interest-bearing deposits while PPPLF advances contributed to the lower average cost of borrowings.

Provision for Loan Losses. We establish provisions for loan losses, which are charged to earnings, at a level necessary to absorb known and inherent losses that are both probable and reasonably estimable at the date of the financial statements. In evaluating the level of the allowance for loan losses, management considers historical loss experience, the types of loans and the amount of loans in the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, peer group information and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available or as future events occur.

After an evaluation of these factors, management recorded a provision of $1.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $631,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2020. The increased provisions for loss resulted from higher adjustments to the Company’s historical loan losses due to the prolonged economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumer and business loan portfolios. The Company recorded $47,000 in net recoveries during the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared with $6,000 in net recoveries during the six months ended March 31, 2020.

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Determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses necessarily involves a high degree of judgment. Management reviews the level of the allowance on a quarterly basis, and establishes the provision for loan losses based on the factors set forth “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies − Allowance for Loan Losses.” As management evaluates the allowance for loan losses, the increased risk associated with larger non-homogenous construction, commercial real estate and commercial business loans may result in larger additions to the allowance for loan losses in future periods. In addition, the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our borrowers may also result in larger additions to the allowance for loan losses in future periods.

Other Income. Other income increased $1.4 million, or 177.9%, to $2.2 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $778,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2020.

Fees for other customer services increased $768,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2021. The Company received a fee of three percent of the Small Business Relief Grant program it assisted Middlesex County with processing. There were no such fees recorded during the six months ended March 31, 2020.

The Company also recorded higher gains from the sales of loans, which were $369,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared with $26,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2020. Sales of guaranteed portions of SBA 7(a) loans were $3.3 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared with $262,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2020.

Interest rate swap fees increased $208,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2021. The interest rate swap fees reflect the present value of mark-up fees received on back-to-back loan swap transactions. There were no such fees recorded during the six months ended March 31, 2020.

Finally, service charges increased $139,000 to $601,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from $462,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2020 due to higher loan prepayment penalties received between periods.

Other Expenses. Other expenses increased $326,000, or 3.6%, to $9.4 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021 from $9.1 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020.

The increase in other expenses was primarily attributable to professional fees, which increased $225,000, or 28.9%, due to higher legal and consulting fees related to the collection and foreclosure of non-performing loans. OREO expenses increased $66,000, or 49.6%, due to higher valuation allowances recorded during the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared with the prior year period. In addition, loan servicing expenses increased $62,000, or 45.6%, from higher loan origination and repayment activity, and FDIC deposit insurance premium expense increased $40,000, or 18.5%, from our higher assessment base. Partially offsetting these increases were lower data processing, insurance and other expenses.

Income Tax Expense. We recorded tax expense of $1.2 million on pre-tax income of $4.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $359,000 on pre-tax income of $1.2 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020. The Company’s effective tax rate for the six months ended March 31, 2021 was 30.0% compared with 29.5% for the six months ended March 31, 2020.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity

The Company’s liquidity is a measure of its ability to fund loans, pay withdrawals of deposits, and other cash outflows in an efficient, cost-effective manner. The Company’s short-term sources of liquidity include maturity, repayment and sales of assets, excess cash and cash equivalents, new deposits, other borrowings, and new advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank. There has been no material adverse change during the six months ended March 31, 2021 in the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to fund their operations.

Whether through significant deposit withdrawals, reductions in interest and principal payments on loans, or the tightening of the capital markets, it is possible that the COVID-19 pandemic will have a negative effect on the liquidity and capital resources of the Company. Under the PPPLF, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York provides advances to Magyar Bank on a non-recourse basis, taking PPP loans as collateral. At March 31, 2021, the Bank had borrowed $17.4 million in PPPLF advances from the Federal Reserve, pledging an equal amount of PPP loans as collateral.

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At March 31, 2021, the Company had commitments outstanding under letters of credit of $1.0 million, commitments to originate loans of $12.1 million, and commitments to fund undisbursed balances of closed loans and unused lines of credit of $76.1 million. There has been no material change during the six months ended March 31, 2021 in any of the Company’s other contractual obligations or commitments to make future payments.

Capital Requirements

At March 31, 2021, the Bank’s Tier 1 capital as a percentage of the Bank's total assets was 8.47%, and total qualifying capital as a percentage of risk-weighted assets was 13.25%.

Under section 1102 of the CARES Act, a PPP loan is assigned a risk weight of zero percent under the risk-based capital rules of the federal banking agencies. On April 9, 2020, the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation issued an interim final rule to allow banking organizations to neutralize the effect of PPP loans financed under the PPPLF on Tier 1 leverage capital ratios. At March 31, 2021, the Company used PPPLF borrowings to neutralize $17.4 million of the balance sheet growth impact on the calculation of the Bank’s Tier 1 leverage capital ratio.

Item 3- Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

Item 4 – Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the six months ended March 31, 2021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

| Item 1. | Legal proceedings

None.

| Item 1A. | Risk Factors

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

| a.) | Not applicable.

| b.) | Not applicable.

| c.) | The Company did not repurchase any of its common stock stocks during the six months ended March 31, 2021. Through March 31, 2021, the Company had repurchased 91,000 shares at an average price of $8.41 pursuant to the Company’s stock repurchase plan, which has reduced outstanding shares to 5,810,746.

| Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

| Item 5. | Other Information

| a.) | Not applicable.

| b.) | None.

| Item 6. | Exhibits

Exhibits

| 31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)

| 31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)

| 32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

| 32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

| 101 | Interactive data file containing the following financial statements formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021and 2020; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020; and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| MAGYAR BANCORP, INC.
| (Registrant)
Date: May 17, 2021 | /s/ John S. Fitzgerald
| John S. Fitzgerald
| President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: May 17, 2021 | /s/ Jon R. Ansari
| Jon R. Ansari
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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