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FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES

NOTE Q - FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES

 

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The Company’s securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets or liabilities on a non-recurring basis, such as held-to-maturity securities, mortgage servicing rights, loans receivable and other real estate owned, or OREO. These non-recurring fair value adjustments involve the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

 

In accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), the Company groups its assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

 

  Level 1- Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
     
  Level 2- Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
     
  Level 3- Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include the use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques. The results cannot be determined with precision and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset or liability.

 

The Company bases its fair values on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

 

The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

 

Securities available-for-sale

 

The Company’s available-for-sale portfolio is carried at estimated fair value on a recurring basis, with any unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. The securities available-for-sale portfolio consists of U.S. government and government-sponsored enterprise obligations and mortgage-backed securities. The fair values of these securities are obtained from an independent nationally recognized pricing service. An independent pricing service provides prices which are categorized as Level 2, as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets are generally not available for the securities.

 

The following tables provide the level of valuation assumptions used to determine the carrying value of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2024 and 2023:

 

   Total   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3 
   (In thousands) 
September 30, 2024                    
Assets:                    
Securities available for sale:                    
Obligations of U.S. government agencies:                    
Mortgage-backed securities - residential  $89   $
—
   $89   $
—
 
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises:                    
Mortgage-backed securities-residential   11,506    
—
    11,506    
—
 
Corporate securities   4,021    
—
    4,021    
—
 
Total securities available for sale  $15,616   $
—
   $15,616   $
—
 
Derivative assets   1,405    
—
    1,405    
—
 
Total assets  $17,021   $
—
   $17,021   $
—
 
                     
Liabilities:                    
Derivative liabilities  $1,405   $
—
   $1,405   $
—
 
Total Liabilities  $1,405   $
—
   $1,405   $
—
 
                     
September 30, 2023                    
Assets:                    
Securities available for sale:                    
Obligations of U.S. government agencies:                    
Mortgage-backed securities - residential  $92   $
—
   $92   $
—
 
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises:                    
Mortgage-backed securities-residential   10,033    
—
    10,033    
—
 
Total securities available for sale  $10,125   $
—
   $10,125   $
—
 
Derivative assets   2,579    
—
    2,579    
—
 
Total assets  $12,704   $
—
   $12,704   $
—
 
                     
Liabilities:                    
Derivative liabilities  $2,579   $
—
   $2,579   $
—
 
Total Liabilities  $2,579   $
—
   $2,579   $
—
 

 

The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

 

Impaired Loans

 

Loans which meet certain criteria are evaluated individually for impairment. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. All amounts due according to the contractual terms means that both the contractual interest and principal payments of a loan will be collected as scheduled in the loan agreement. Three impairment measurement methods are used, depending upon the collateral securing the asset: 1) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; 2) the asset’s observable market price; or 3) the fair value of the collateral if the asset is collateral dependent. The regulatory agencies require this method for loans from which repayment is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral. The Company’s impaired loans are generally collateral dependent and, as such, are carried at the estimated fair value of the collateral less estimated selling and disposition costs. Fair value is estimated through current appraisals, and adjusted as necessary, by management, to reflect current market conditions and, as such, are generally classified as Level 3. There were no such loans at September 30, 2024.

 

Appraisals of collateral securing impaired loans are conducted by approved, qualified, and independent third-party appraisers. Such appraisals are ordered via the Bank’s credit administration department, independent from the lender who originated the loan, once the loan is deemed impaired, as described in the previous paragraph. Impaired loans are generally re-evaluated with an updated appraisal within one year of the last appraisal. However, the Company also obtains updated appraisals on performing construction loans that are approaching their maturity date to determine whether or not the fair value of the collateral securing the loan remains sufficient to cover the loan amount prior to considering an extension. The Company discounts the appraised “as is” value of the collateral for estimated selling and disposition costs and compares the resulting fair value of collateral to the outstanding loan amount. If the outstanding loan amount is greater than the discounted fair value, the Company requires a reduction in the outstanding loan balance or additional collateral before considering an extension to the loan. If the borrower is unwilling or unable to reduce the loan balance or increase the collateral securing the loan, it is deemed impaired and the difference between the loan amount and the fair value of collateral, net of estimated selling and disposition costs, is charged off through a reduction of the allowance for loan loss.

 

Other Real Estate Owned

 

Other real estate owned is carried at lower of cost or estimated fair value less disposal costs. The estimated fair value of the real estate is determined through current appraisals, and adjusted as necessary, by management, to reflect current market conditions. As such, other real estate owned is generally classified as Level 3. There were no valuation write-downs for the years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded valuation write-ups on three properties received through foreclosure.

 

Collateral Dependent Loans

 

Collateral dependent loans are measured and reported at fair value through specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.

 

The following table provides the level of valuation assumptions used to determine the carrying value of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 30, 2024 and 2023:

 

   Total   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3 
September 30, 2024  (In thousands) 
Other real estate owned  $1,501    
—
    
—
   $1,501 
Total  $1,501   $
—
   $
—
   $1,501 

 

   Total   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3 
September 30, 2023  (In thousands) 
Impaired loans  $777   $
—
   $
—
   $777 
Total  $777    
—
    
—
   $777 

 

The following tables present additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value at September 30, 2024 and 2023:

 

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in thousands)
  Fair Value Valuation    
September 30, 2024 Estimate Techniques Unobservable Input Range (Weighted Average)
         
Other real estate owned $ 1,501 Appraisal Liquidation expenses (2) -13.0% to -19.6% (-14.6%)

 

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in thousands)
  Fair Value Valuation    
September 30, 2023 Estimate Techniques Unobservable Input Range (Weighted Average)
         
Impaired loans $ 777 Appraisal of collateral (1) Appraisal adjustments (2) -50% to -8.0% (-19.4%)

 

(1)Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals for the underlying collateral, which generally include various level 3 inputs which are not identifiable.
(2)Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. The range and weighted average of liquidation expenses and other appraisal adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal.

 

The following presents the carrying amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments carried at cost or amortized cost as of September 30, 2024 and 2023. This table excludes financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value, which includes cash and cash equivalents, FHLBNY stock, bank owned life insurance, accrued interest receivable, interest and non-interest bearing demand, savings deposits, and accrued interest payable. For short-term financial assets such as cash and cash equivalents, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization. For financial liabilities such as interest-bearing demand, NOW, and money market savings deposits, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to these products having no stated maturity. The Company’s bank-owned life insurance is not a marketable asset and may generally only be redeemed with the insurance company, and is therefore not included in the table below.

 

   Carrying   Fair   Fair Value Measurement Placement 
   Value   Value   (Level 1)   (Level 2)   (Level 3) 
   (In thousands) 
September 30, 2024                         
Financial instruments - assets                         
Investment securities held to maturity  $79,816   $72,617   $
—
   $72,617   $
—
 
Loan receivable net allowance for credit losses   772,614    766,822    
—
    
—
    766,822 
Financial instruments - liabilities                         
Certificates of deposit including retirement certificates   159,652    159,582    
—
    159,582    
—
 
Borrowings   28,568    28,151    
—
    28,151    
—
 
                          
September 30, 2023                         
Financial instruments - assets                         
Investment securities held-to-maturity  $85,835   $73,728   $
—
   $73,728   $
—
 
Loan receivable net allowance for credit losses   689,070    664,331    
—
    
—
    664,331 
Financial instruments - liabilities                         
Certificates of deposit including retirement certificates   104,668    101,216    
—
    101,216    
—
 
Borrowings   29,515    28,177    
—
    28,177    
—