UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________

Commission File Number 000-51726

Magyar Bancorp, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware | 20-4154978
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
400 Somerset Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey | 08901
(Address of Principal Executive Office) | (Zip Code)

(732) 342-7600

(Issuer’s Telephone Number including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 per share | MGYR | The NASDAQ Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☑ | Smaller reporting company | ☑
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☑

The number of shares outstanding of the issuer's common stock at February 1, 2025 was 6,479,621

MAGYAR BANCORP, INC.

Form 10-Q Quarterly Report

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

|  | Page Number
Item 1. | Consolidated Financial Statements | 1
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 27
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 27
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 28
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 28
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 28
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 28
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 28
Item 5. | Other Information | 28
Item 6. | Exhibits | 29
Signature Pages | 30

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements

MAGYAR BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

|  | December 31, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 2,852 |  |  | $ | 1,577 |
Interest earning deposits with banks |  |  | 55,680 |  |  |  | 24,019 |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 58,532 |  |  |  | 25,596 |
Investment securities - available for sale, at fair value |  |  | 17,346 |  |  |  | 15,616 |
Investment securities - held to maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $71,812 and $72,617 at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, respectively) |  |  | 80,644 |  |  |  | 79,816 |
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock, at cost |  |  | 2,433 |  |  |  | 2,349 |
Loans receivable |  |  | 805,489 |  |  |  | 780,162 |
Allowance for credit losses-loans |  |  | (7,860 | ) |  |  | (7,548 | )
Bank owned life insurance |  |  | 20,264 |  |  |  | 23,342 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 5,227 |  |  |  | 5,056 |
Premises and equipment, net |  |  | 12,680 |  |  |  | 12,545 |
Other real estate owned ("OREO") |  |  | 2,537 |  |  |  | 3,725 |
Other assets |  |  | 11,116 |  |  |  | 11,259 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,008,408 |  |  | $ | 951,918 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | $ | 848,832 |  |  | $ | 796,674 |
Escrowed funds |  |  | 5,021 |  |  |  | 4,310 |
Borrowings |  |  | 30,424 |  |  |  | 28,568 |
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 789 |  |  |  | 891 |
Accounts payable and other liabilities |  |  | 11,666 |  |  |  | 10,927 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 896,732 |  |  |  | 841,370 |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock: $.01 Par Value, 500,000 shares authorized; at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, none issued |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock: $.01 Par Value, 14,000,000 shares authorized; 7,097,825 shares issued; 6,479,621 and 6,509,358 shares outstanding at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, respectively, at cost |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | 71 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 63,263 |  |  |  | 63,085 |
Treasury stock: 618,204 and 588,467 shares at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, respectively, at cost |  |  | (7,777 | ) |  |  | (7,364 | )
Unearned Employee Stock Ownership Plan shares |  |  | (2,946 | ) |  |  | (2,972 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 60,160 |  |  |  | 58,644 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (1,095 | ) |  |  | (916 | )
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 111,676 |  |  |  | 110,548 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 1,008,408 |  |  | $ | 951,918 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

1

MAGYAR BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Consolidated Statements of Income

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (Unaudited) |
Interest and dividend income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including fees |  | $ | 11,864 |  |  | $ | 10,082 |
Investment securities and interest earning deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  |  | 973 |  |  |  | 1,406 |
Tax-exempt |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 14 |
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 55 |
Total interest and dividend income |  |  | 12,906 |  |  |  | 11,557 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 5,254 |  |  |  | 4,077 |
Borrowings |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | 236 |
Total interest expense |  |  | 5,462 |  |  |  | 4,313 |
Net interest and dividend income |  |  | 7,444 |  |  |  | 7,244 |
Provision for credit losses-loans |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 384 |
(Recovery) provision for credit losses-unfunded commitments |  |  | (108 | ) |  |  | 97 |
Total provision for credit losses |  |  | 101 |  |  |  | 481 |
Net interest and dividend income after provision for credit losses |  |  | 7,343 |  |  |  | 6,763 |
Other income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges |  |  | 321 |  |  |  | 303 |
Income on bank owned life insurance |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | 95 |
Other operating income |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 22 |
Gains on premises and equipment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60 |
Gains on SBA loans |  |  | 236 |  |  |  | 129 |
Net gains on OREO |  |  | 224 |  |  |  | — |
Total other income |  |  | 956 |  |  |  | 609 |
Other expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and employee benefits |  |  | 3,081 |  |  |  | 2,847 |
Occupancy expenses |  |  | 991 |  |  |  | 790 |
Professional fees |  |  | 199 |  |  |  | 226 |
Data processing expenses |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 140 |
Director fees and benefits |  |  | 201 |  |  |  | 224 |
Marketing and business development |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | 97 |
FDIC deposit insurance premiums |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 103 |
Other expenses |  |  | 612 |  |  |  | 593 |
Total other expenses |  |  | 5,409 |  |  |  | 5,020 |
Income before income tax expense |  |  | 2,890 |  |  |  | 2,352 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 805 |  |  | $ | 700 |
Net income |  | $ | 2,085 |  |  |  | 1,652 |
Earnings per share - basic and diluted |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted |  |  | 6,232,069 |  |  |  | 6,387,010 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

2

MAGYAR BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In Thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (Unaudited) |
Net income |  | $ | 2,085 |  |  | $ | 1,652 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized (loss) gain on securities available for sale |  |  | (237 | ) |  |  | 584 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax |  |  | (237 | ) |  |  | 584 |
Deferred income tax effect |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | (144 | )
Total other comprehensive (loss) income |  | $ | (179 | ) |  | $ | 440 |
Total comprehensive income |  | $ | 1,906 |  |  | $ | 2,092 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3

MAGYAR BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

(In Thousands, Except for Share and Per-Share Amounts)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Unearned |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Par |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Treasury |  |  | ESOP |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  |  |
|  | Outstanding |  |  | Value |  |  | Capital |  |  | Stock |  |  | Shares |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Loss |  |  | Total |
|  | (Unaudited) |
Balance, September 30, 2024 |  |  | 6,509,358 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 63,085 |  |  | $ | (7,364 | ) |  | $ | (2,972 | ) |  | $ | 58,644 |  |  | $ | (916 | ) |  | $ | 110,548 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,085 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,085 |
Dividends paid on common stock ($0.09 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (569 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (569 | )
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (179 | ) |  |  | (179 | )
Treasury stock used for exercised stock options |  |  | 2,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24 |
ESOP shares allocated |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43 |
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | (31,737 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (437 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (437 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161 |
Balance, December 31, 2024 |  |  | 6,479,621 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 63,263 |  |  | $ | (7,777 | ) |  | $ | (2,946 | ) |  | $ | 60,160 |  |  | $ | (1,095 | ) |  | $ | 111,676 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Unearned |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Par |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Treasury |  |  | ESOP |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  |  |
|  | Outstanding |  |  | Value |  |  | Capital |  |  | Stock |  |  | Shares |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Loss |  |  | Total |
|  | (Unaudited) |
Balance, September 30, 2023 |  |  | 6,674,184 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 62,801 |  |  | $ | (5,362 | ) |  | $ | (3,097 | ) |  | $ | 52,166 |  |  | $ | (1,789 | ) |  | $ | 104,790 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,652 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,652 |
Dividends paid on common stock ($0.11 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (716 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (716 | )
Effect of adopting ASU 2016-13 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 354 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 354 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 440 |  |  |  | 440 |
ESOP shares allocated |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | (19,232 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (192 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (192 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161 |
Balance, December 31, 2023 |  |  | 6,654,952 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 62,962 |  |  | $ | (5,554 | ) |  | $ | (3,047 | ) |  | $ | 53,456 |  |  | $ | (1,349 | ) |  | $ | 106,539 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4

MAGYAR BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In Thousands)

|  | For the Three Months Ended |
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (Unaudited) |
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 2,085 |  |  | $ | 1,652 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation expense |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 217 |
Premium amortization on investment securities, net |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 20 |
Provision for credit losses |  |  | 101 |  |  |  | 481 |
Provision for loss on other real estate owned |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | — |
Originations of SBA loans held for sale |  |  | (2,423 | ) |  |  | (1,613 | )
Proceeds from the sales of SBA loans |  |  | 2,659 |  |  |  | 1,741 |
Gains on sale of SBA loans |  |  | (236 | ) |  |  | (129 | )
Gains on the sales of other real estate owned |  |  | (281 | ) |  |  | — |
Gains on the sale of premises and equipment |  |  | — |  |  |  | (60 | )
ESOP compensation expense |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | 50 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | 161 |
Deferred income tax expense |  |  | 162 |  |  |  | 221 |
Increase in accrued interest receivable |  |  | (171 | ) |  |  | (248 | )
Income on bank owned life insurance |  |  | (167 | ) |  |  | (95 | )
Decrease in other assets |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 733 |
(Decrease) increase in accrued interest payable |  |  | (102 | ) |  |  | 213 |
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other liabilities |  |  | 738 |  |  |  | (120 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 2,908 |  |  |  | 3,224 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net increase in loans receivable |  |  | (25,115 | ) |  |  | (31,934 | )
Purchases of investment securities held-to-maturity |  |  | (2,446 | ) |  |  | (2,000 | )
Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale |  |  | (2,430 | ) |  |  | (1,953 | )
Principal repayments on investment securities held-to-maturity |  |  | 1,613 |  |  |  | 3,487 |
Principal repayments on investment securities available-for-sale |  |  | 465 |  |  |  | 384 |
Redemption of bank owned life insurance |  |  | 3,245 |  |  |  | — |
Purchases of premises and equipment, net |  |  | (375 | ) |  |  | (128 | )
Proceeds from the sale of premises and land |  |  | — |  |  |  | 776 |
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate owned |  |  | 1,412 |  |  |  | — |
Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  |  | (84 | ) |  |  | (76 | )
Redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | 108 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (23,715 | ) |  |  | (31,336 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net increase in deposits |  |  | 52,158 |  |  |  | 8,095 |
Net increase in escrowed funds |  |  | 711 |  |  |  | 229 |
Proceeds from long-term advances |  |  | 1,856 |  |  |  | 1,690 |
Repayments of long-term advances |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,409 | )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | — |
Dividends paid on common stock |  |  | (569 | ) |  |  | (716 | )
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | (437 | ) |  |  | (192 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 53,743 |  |  |  | 6,697 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 32,936 |  |  |  | (21,415 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  |  | 25,596 |  |  |  | 72,532 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 58,532 |  |  | $ | 51,117 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 5,564 |  |  | $ | 4,100 |
Adoption of ASU 2016-13 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 354 |
Change in fair value of swap asset/liability |  | $ | 105 |  |  | $ | (618 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5

MAGYAR BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE A – BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Magyar Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”), its wholly owned subsidiary, Magyar Bank (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries Magyar Service Corporation, Hungaria Urban Renewal, LLC, and Magyar Investment Company. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements on the accrual basis and in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP"). The unaudited information furnished herein reflects all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented.

Operating results for the three months ended December 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending September 30, 2025 or for any other period. The September 30, 2024 information has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, the valuation of available-for-sale investment securities, the valuation of other real estate owned (“OREO”), and the assessment of realizability of deferred income tax assets.

The Company has evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to the balance sheet date of December 31, 2024 for items that should potentially be recognized or disclosed in these consolidated financial statements. The evaluation was conducted through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued.

NOTE B - RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In connection with the preparation of quarterly and annual reports in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 11.M requires the disclosure of the impact that recently issued accounting standards will have on consolidated financial statements when they are adopted in the future.

Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” requires public entities to disclose detailed information about a reportable segment’s expenses on both an annual and interim basis. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. Upon transition, the segment expense categories and amounts disclosed in the prior periods should be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. The Company is in the process of completing its analysis of ASU 2023-07 and expects to incorporate additional disclosures in the financial statements on adoption.

NOTE C - CONTINGENCIES

The Company, from time to time, is a party to routine litigation that arises in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the resolution of this litigation, if any, would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations as presented in this report.

NOTE D - EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table presents a calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Basic and diluted earnings per share were calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the periods.

6

|  | Three Months |
|  | Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) |
Income applicable to common shares |  | $ | 2,085 |  |  | $ | 1,652 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding- basic and diluted |  |  | 6,232,069 |  |  |  | 6,387,010 |
Earnings per share - basic and diluted |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |

Options to purchase 291,200 shares of common stock at a weighted average strike price of $12.58 and 93,240 shares of restricted shares at a weighted average price of $12.63 were outstanding at December 31, 2024 and included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. Options to purchase 293,200 shares of common stock at a weighted average strike price of $12.58 and 124,300 shares of restricted shares at a weighted average price of $12.63 were outstanding at December 31, 2023 but were not included in the calculation of diluted EPS because they were anti-dilutive.

NOTE E – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM

The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s stock option activity and related information for the three months ended December 31, 2024:

|  | Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life in Years |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Balance at September 30, 2024 |  |  | 293,200 |  |  | $ | 12.58 |  |  |  | 7.98 |  |  | $ | — |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Exercised |  |  | (2,000 | ) |  |  | 12.58 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Expired |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 291,200 |  |  | $ | 12.58 |  |  |  | 7.73 |  |  | $ | 588,224 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 115,280 |  |  | $ | 12.58 |  |  |  | 7.73 |  |  | $ | 232,866 |

The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s non-vested restricted shares for the three months ended December 31, 2024:

|  | Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Balance at September 30, 2024 |  |  | 93,240 |  |  | $ | 12.63 |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Vested |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 93,240 |  |  | $ | 12.63 |

Stock option and stock award expenses included with compensation expense were $63 thousand and $98 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and $63 thousand and $98 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023, respectively.

At December 31, 2024, total compensation cost not yet recognized for the Company’s unvested stock options and stock awards was $1.7 million and will be recognized through September 2027. The Company had no other stock-based compensation plans as of December 31, 2024 except as disclosed below.

7

The Company maintains a stock repurchase plan pursuant to which the Company may repurchase up to 5% of its outstanding shares, or up to 337,146 shares, under which 328,473 shares had been repurchased at an average price of $12.10 through December 31, 2024. Under this stock repurchase program, 8,673 shares of the 337,146 shares authorized remained available for repurchase as of December 31, 2024. The Company’s intended use of the repurchased shares is for general corporate purposes. The Company held treasury stock shares totaling 618,204 at December 31, 2024. The timing of the repurchases will depend on certain factors, including but not limited to, market conditions and prices, the Company’s liquidity requirements and alternative uses of capital.

The Company has an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") for the benefit of employees who meet certain eligibility requirements. The ESOP trust purchases shares of common stock in the open market using proceeds of a loan from the Company. The loan is secured by shares of the Company’s stock. The Bank makes cash contributions to the ESOP on an annual basis sufficient to enable the ESOP to make the required loan payments to the Company. As the debt is repaid, shares are released as collateral and allocated to qualified employees. Accordingly, the shares pledged as collateral are reported as unearned ESOP shares in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company accounts for its ESOP in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, “Employer’s Accounting for Employee Stock Ownership Plans.” As shares are released from collateral, the Company reports compensation expense equal to the current market price of the shares, and the shares become outstanding for earnings per share computations.

At December 31, 2024, ESOP shares allocated to participants totaled 186,940. Unallocated ESOP shares held in suspense totaled 278,163 with an aggregate fair value of $4.1 million. The Company's contribution expense for the ESOP was $43 thousand and $50 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE F – OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

Comprehensive (loss) income includes net income as well as certain other items which result in a change to equity during the period. The Company recorded no reclassification adjustments during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The components of other comprehensive (loss) income and the related income tax effects are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net of |
|  | Before Tax |  |  | Tax |  |  | Tax |  |  | Before Tax |  |  | Tax |  |  | Tax |
|  | Amount |  |  | Benefit |  |  | Amount |  |  | Amount |  |  | Expense |  |  | Amount |
|  | (In thousands) |
Unrealized holding (loss) gain arising during period on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale investments |  | $ | (237 | ) |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | (179 | ) |  | $ | 584 |  |  | $ | (144 | ) |  | $ | 440 |
Other comprehensive income, net |  | $ | (237 | ) |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | (179 | ) |  | $ | 584 |  |  | $ | (144 | ) |  | $ | 440 |
(a) All amounts are net of tax. Related income tax expense or benefit calculated using an income tax rate approximating 25% for available-for-sale investments

NOTE G – FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The securities available-for-sale and the Company’s derivative assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets or liabilities on a non-recurring basis, such as held-to-maturity securities, mortgage servicing rights, loans receivable and OREO. These non-recurring fair value adjustments involve the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

In accordance with ASC 820, the Company groups its assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

| Level 1 - | Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
| Level 2 - | Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
| Level 3 - | Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include the use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques. The results cannot be determined with precision and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset or liability.

8

The Company based its fair values on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Securities available-for-sale

The securities available-for-sale portfolio is carried at estimated fair value on a recurring basis, with any unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as accumulated other comprehensive income/loss in stockholders’ equity. The securities available-for-sale portfolio consists of U.S government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities. The fair values of these securities are obtained from an independent nationally recognized pricing service. An independent pricing service provides the Company with prices which are categorized as Level 2, as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets are generally not available for the securities in the Company’s portfolio. Various modeling techniques are used to determine pricing for Company’s mortgage-backed securities, including option pricing and discounted cash flow models. The inputs to these models include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data.

Derivatives

The Bank executes interest rate swaps with commercial lending customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. The fair values of such derivatives are based on valuation models from a third party using current market terms (including interest rates and fees), the remaining terms of the agreements and the credit worthiness of the counter party as of the measurement date (Level 2).

The following tables provide the level of valuation assumptions used to determine the carrying value of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

9

|  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
|  | (In thousands) |
December 31, 2024 |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities-residential |  |  | 13,165 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,165 |  |  |  | — |
Corporate securities |  |  | 4,099 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,099 |  |  |  | — |
Total securities available for sale |  | $ | 17,346 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,346 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative assets |  |  | 1,510 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,510 |  |  |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 18,856 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,856 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities |  | $ | 1,510 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,510 |  |  | $ | — |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 1,510 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,510 |  |  | $ | — |
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities-residential |  |  | 11,506 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,506 |  |  |  | — |
Corporate securities |  |  | 4,021 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,021 |  |  |  | — |
Total securities available for sale |  | $ | 15,616 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,616 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative assets |  |  | 1,405 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,405 |  |  |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 17,021 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,021 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities |  | $ | 1,405 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,405 |  |  | $ | — |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 1,405 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,405 |  |  | $ | — |

The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Collateral Dependent Loans

Collateral dependent other real estate owned loans are measured and reported at fair value through specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.

The following tables provide the level of valuation assumptions used to determine the carrying value of the other real estate owned loans measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024.

|  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
December 31, 2024 |  | (In thousands) |
Other real estate owned |  | $ | 2,537 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 2,537 |
Total |  | $ | 2,537 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,537 |

|  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
September 30, 2024 |  | (In thousands) |
Other real estate owned |  | $ | 1,501 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,501 |
Total |  | $ | 1,501 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,501 |

10

The following tables present additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and for which Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

(Dollars in thousands)

| Fair Value | Valuation |  |
December 31, 2024 | Estimate | Techniques | Unobservable Input | Range (Weighted Average)
Other real estate owned | $ | 2,537 | Appraisal | Liquidation expenses (1) | -1.5% to -19.6% (-7.0%)

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

(Dollars in thousands)

| Fair Value | Valuation |  |
September 30, 2024 | Estimate | Techniques | Unobservable Input | Range (Weighted Average)
Other real estate owned | $ | 1,501 | Appraisal | Liquidation expenses (1) | -13.0% to -19.6% (-14.6%)

| (1) | Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. The range and weighted average of liquidation expenses and other appraisal adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal.

The following presents the carrying amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments carried at cost or amortized cost as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024. For short-term financial assets such as cash and cash equivalents and accrued interest receivable, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization. For financial liabilities such as interest-bearing demand, NOW, and money market savings deposits, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to these products being payable on demand and having no stated maturity. The Company’s bank-owned life insurance is not a marketable asset and may generally only be redeemed with the insurance company and, therefore, is not included in the table below.

|  | Carrying |  |  | Fair |  |  | Fair Value Measurement Placement |
|  | Value |  |  | Value |  |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
|  | (In thousands) |
December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial instruments - assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities held to maturity |  | $ | 80,644 |  |  | $ | 71,812 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 71,812 |  |  | $ | — |
Loan receivable net allowance for credit losses |  |  | 797,629 |  |  |  | 790,574 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 790,574 |
Financial instruments - liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit including retirement certificates |  |  | 161,938 |  |  |  | 161,244 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161,244 |  |  |  | — |
Borrowings |  |  | 30,424 |  |  |  | 29,430 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29,430 |  |  |  | — |
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial instruments - assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities held to maturity |  | $ | 79,816 |  |  | $ | 72,617 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 72,617 |  |  | $ | — |
Loan receivable net allowance for credit losses |  |  | 772,614 |  |  |  | 766,822 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 766,822 |
Financial instruments - liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit including retirement certificates |  |  | 159,652 |  |  |  | 159,582 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 159,582 |  |  |  | — |
Borrowings |  |  | 28,568 |  |  |  | 28,151 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,151 |  |  |  | — |

NOTE H - INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair values of securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at December 31, 2024:

11

|  | December 31, 2024 |
|  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  | Allowance for |  |  |  |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Credit |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
|  | (In thousands) |
Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage backed securities - residential |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (11 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 82 |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities-residential |  |  | 14,621 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | (1,490 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,165 |
Corporate securities |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,099 |
Total securities available-for-sale |  | $ | 18,714 |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | (1,501 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,346 |
Securities held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  | $ | 7,051 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (817 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,234 |
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial |  |  | 4,182 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (42 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,140 |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage backed securities - residential |  |  | 43,780 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (6,527 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37,255 |
Debt securities |  |  | 19,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (873 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,127 |
Private label mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 187 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 180 |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions |  |  | 3,444 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (428 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,016 |
Corporate securities |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (140 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,860 |
Total securities held-to-maturity |  | $ | 80,644 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (8,834 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 71,812 |
Total investment securities |  | $ | 99,358 |  |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | (10,335 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 89,158 |

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair values of securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at September 30, 2024:

|  | September 30, 2024 |
|  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  | Allowance for |  |  |  |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Credit |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
|  | (In thousands) |
Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage backed securities - residential |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 89 |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities-residential |  |  | 12,652 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | (1,202 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,506 |
Corporate securities |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,021 |
Total securities available-for-sale |  | $ | 16,747 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | (1,208 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,616 |
Securities held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  | $ | 7,209 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (611 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,598 |
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial |  |  | 4,268 |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,309 |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage backed securities - residential |  |  | 42,701 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | (5,194 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37,511 |
Debt securities |  |  | 19,000 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | (865 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,148 |
Private label mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 185 |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions |  |  | 3,448 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (351 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,100 |
Corporate securities |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (234 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,766 |
Total securities held-to-maturity |  | $ | 79,816 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | (7,283 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 72,617 |
Total investment securities |  | $ | 96,563 |  |  | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | (8,491 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 88,233 |

12

The Company monitors the credit quality of held-to-maturity debt securities, primarily through their credit ratings by nationally recognized statistical ratings organizations, on a quarterly basis. At December 31, 2024, there were no non-performing held-to-maturity debt securities and no allowance for credit losses were required. The majority of the investment securities are explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the United States government, and any estimate of expected credit losses would be insignificant to the Company. The following tables summarize the amortized cost of held-to-maturity debt securities at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, aggregated by credit quality indicator:

|  | Credit Rating at Amortized Cost |
|  | AAA/AA/A |  |  | BBB/BB/B |  |  | Non-rated |
December 31, 2024 |  | (In thousands) |
Securities held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  | $ | 7,051 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial |  |  | 4,182 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage backed securities - residential |  |  | 43,780 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Debt securities |  |  | 19,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Private label mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 187 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions |  |  | 3,444 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Corporate securities |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Totals |  | $ | 80,644 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

|  | Credit Rating at Amortized Cost |
|  | AAA/AA/A |  |  | BBB/BB/B |  |  | Non-rated |
|  | (In thousands) |
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  | $ | 7,209 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial |  |  | 4,268 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage backed securities - residential |  |  | 42,701 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Debt securities |  |  | 19,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Private label mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions |  |  | 3,448 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Corporate securities |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total held to maturity debt securities |  | $ | 79,816 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

The contractual maturities of debt securities, municipal bonds and certain information regarding mortgage-backed securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2024 are summarized in the following table:

13

|  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Value |
|  | (In thousands) |
Due within 1 year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Due after 1 but within 5 years |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Due after 5 but within 10 years |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | 4,099 |
Due after 10 years |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total debt securities |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | 4,099 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  |  | 14,714 |  |  |  | 13,247 |
Commercial |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 18,714 |  |  | $ | 17,346 |

The contractual maturities of debt securities, municipal bonds and certain information regarding mortgage-backed securities held-to-maturity at December 31, 2024 are summarized in the following table:

|  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Value |
|  | (In thousands) |
Due within 1 year |  | $ | 9,500 |  |  | $ | 9,403 |
Due after 1 but within 5 years |  |  | 12,176 |  |  |  | 11,413 |
Due after 5 but within 10 years |  |  | 3,768 |  |  |  | 3,187 |
Due after 10 years |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total debt securities |  |  | 25,444 |  |  |  | 24,003 |
Mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  |  | 51,018 |  |  |  | 43,669 |
Commercial |  |  | 4,182 |  |  |  | 4,140 |
Total |  | $ | 80,644 |  |  | $ | 71,812 |

As of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, investment securities having a carrying amount of approximately $12.0 million and $12.5 million, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits.

NOTE I – UNREALIZED LOSSES ON INVESTMENT SECURITIES AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE

The Company recognizes an allowance for credit loss (“ACL”) on debt securities in earnings through a provision for credit losses while non credit-related impairment on debt securities not expected to be sold are recognized in other comprehensive income.

The Company reviews its investment portfolio on a quarterly basis for indications of credit losses. This review includes analyzing the extent to which the fair value has been lower than the amortized cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, including any specific events which may influence the operations of the issuer and the intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in the market. The Company evaluates its intent and ability to hold debt securities based upon its investment strategy for the particular type of security and its cash flow needs, liquidity position, capital adequacy and interest rate risk position. In addition, the risk of future credit losses may be influenced by prolonged recession in the U.S. economy, changes in real estate values and interest deferrals.

Investment securities with fair values greater than their amortized cost contain unrealized gains. Investment securities with fair values less than their amortized cost contain unrealized losses. Details of available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024 are as following tables:

14

|  |  |  |  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months Or Greater |  |  | Total |
|  | Number of |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |
|  | Securities |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |
|  |  |  |  | (Dollars in thousands) |
December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | (11 | ) |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | (11 | )
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 2,430 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,077 |  |  |  | (1,490 | ) |  |  | 9,507 |  |  |  | (1,490 | )
Total |  |  | 10 |  |  | $ | 2,430 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,160 |  |  | $ | (1,501 | ) |  | $ | 9,590 |  |  | $ | (1,501 | )

|  |  |  |  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months Or Greater |  |  | Total |
|  | Number of |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |
|  | Securities |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |
|  |  |  |  | (Dollars in thousands) |
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | (6 | )
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,550 |  |  |  | (1,202 | ) |  |  | 7,550 |  |  |  | (1,202 | )
Total |  |  | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,638 |  |  | $ | (1,208 | ) |  | $ | 7,638 |  |  | $ | (1,208 | )

The investment securities listed above currently have fair values less than amortized cost and, therefore, contain unrealized losses. The Company evaluated these securities and determined that the decline in value was primarily related to fluctuations in the interest rate environment and were not related to any company or industry specific event.

The Company anticipates full recovery of amortized costs with respect to these securities. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and has determined that it is not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these securities prior to maturity or market price recovery. For individual debt securities classified as available-for-sale, we determine whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost has resulted from a credit loss or other factors. If the decline in fair value is due to credit, we will record the portion of the impairment loss relating to credit through an ACL. Impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recorded through other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes.

NOTE J – LOANS RECEIVABLE, NET AND RELATED ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loans receivable, net were comprised of the following:

|  | December 31, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (In thousands) |
One-to-four family residential |  | $ | 245,834 |  |  | $ | 246,201 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 481,439 |  |  |  | 461,319 |
Construction and land |  |  | 25,992 |  |  |  | 22,722 |
Home equity loans and lines of credit |  |  | 27,273 |  |  |  | 24,728 |
Commercial business |  |  | 23,780 |  |  |  | 24,011 |
Other |  |  | 2,252 |  |  |  | 2,235 |
Total loans receivable |  |  | 806,570 |  |  |  | 781,216 |
Net deferred loan costs |  |  | (1,081 | ) |  |  | (1,054 | )
Total loans receivable, net |  |  | 805,489 |  |  |  | 780,162 |

15

The segments of the Company’s loan portfolio are disaggregated to a level that allows management to monitor risk and performance. The residential mortgage loan segment is further disaggregated into two types: first lien, amortizing term loans, and the combination of second lien amortizing term loans and home equity lines of credit. The commercial loan segment is further disaggregated into three types: loans secured by multifamily structures, loans secured by owner-occupied commercial structures, and loans secured by non-owner occupied nonresidential properties. The construction and land loan segment consists primarily of developers or investors for the purpose of acquiring, developing and constructing residential or commercial structures and to a lesser extent one-to-four family residential construction loans made to individuals for the acquisition of and/or construction on a lot or lots on which a residential dwelling is to be built. Construction loans to developers and investors have a higher risk profile because the ultimate buyer, once development is completed, is generally not known at the time of the loan. The commercial business loan segment consists of loans made for the purpose of financing the activities of commercial customers and consists of revolving lines of credit and loans partially guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration. The consumer loan segment consists primarily of stock-secured installment loans, but also includes unsecured personal loans and overdraft lines of credit connected with customer deposit accounts.

Management uses a ten point internal risk rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. The first six categories are considered not criticized, and are aggregated as “Pass” rated. The criticized rating categories utilized by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. The Special Mention category includes assets that are currently protected but are potentially weak, resulting in an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a Substandard classification. Loans in the Substandard category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt, and have a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected. Loans classified Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified Substandard with the added characteristic that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current conditions and facts, is highly improbable. All loans greater than three months past due are considered Substandard. Any portion of a loan that has been charged off is placed in the Loss category.

To help ensure that risk ratings are accurate and reflect the present and future capacity of borrowers to repay a loan as agreed, the Company has a structured loan rating process with several layers of internal and external oversight. Generally, consumer and residential mortgage loans are included in the Pass categories unless a specific action, such as severe delinquency, bankruptcy, repossession, or death occurs to raise awareness of a possible credit event. The Company’s Commercial Loan Officers are responsible for the timely and accurate risk rating of the loans in their portfolios at origination and on an ongoing basis. The Company’s Asset Review Committee performs monthly reviews of all commercial relationships internally rated 6 (“Watch”) or worse. Confirmation of the appropriate risk grade is performed by an external loan review company that semi-annually reviews and assesses loans within the portfolio. Generally, the external consultant reviews commercial relationships greater than $500 thousand and/or criticized relationships greater than $250 thousand. Detailed reviews, including plans for resolution, are performed on loans classified as Substandard on a monthly basis.

The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio by origination year summarized by the aggregate Pass and the criticized categories of Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful for loans subject to the Company’s internal risk rating system and by performing status for all other loans as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024:

16

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Revolving Loans |  |  |  |
|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | Amortized |  |  | Converted |  |  |  |
|  | Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Fiscal Year |  |  | Cost Basis |  |  | to Term |  |  | Total |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | Prior |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | (In thousands) |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | $ | 6,191 |  |  | $ | 32,205 |  |  | $ | 41,065 |  |  | $ | 31,565 |  |  | $ | 24,508 |  |  | $ | 110,020 |  |  | $ | 259 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 245,813 |
Non-performing |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21 |
Total |  | $ | 6,191 |  |  | $ | 32,205 |  |  | $ | 41,065 |  |  | $ | 31,565 |  |  | $ | 24,508 |  |  | $ | 110,041 |  |  | $ | 259 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 245,834 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 27,362 |  |  | $ | 88,039 |  |  | $ | 84,241 |  |  | $ | 65,951 |  |  | $ | 63,277 |  |  | $ | 148,441 |  |  | $ | 3,079 |  |  | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | 481,317 |
Special Mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 122 |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Doubtful |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 27,362 |  |  | $ | 88,039 |  |  | $ | 84,241 |  |  | $ | 65,951 |  |  | $ | 63,277 |  |  | $ | 148,563 |  |  | $ | 3,079 |  |  | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | 481,439 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Construction and land |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 8,430 |  |  | $ | 11,374 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,238 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,992 |
Special Mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Doubtful |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 8,430 |  |  | $ | 11,374 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,238 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,992 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Home equity loans and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 1,563 |  |  | $ | 1,463 |  |  | $ | 1,581 |  |  | $ | 298 |  |  | $ | 1,289 |  |  | $ | 20,428 |  |  | $ | 303 |  |  | $ | 26,955 |
Non-performing |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 82 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 236 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 318 |
Total |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 1,563 |  |  | $ | 1,545 |  |  | $ | 1,581 |  |  | $ | 298 |  |  | $ | 1,525 |  |  | $ | 20,428 |  |  | $ | 303 |  |  | $ | 27,273 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Commercial business |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,748 |  |  | $ | 497 |  |  | $ | 2,343 |  |  | $ | 1,783 |  |  | $ | 3,039 |  |  | $ | 13,772 |  |  | $ | 598 |  |  | $ | 23,780 |
Special Mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Doubtful |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,748 |  |  | $ | 497 |  |  | $ | 2,343 |  |  | $ | 1,783 |  |  | $ | 3,039 |  |  | $ | 13,772 |  |  | $ | 598 |  |  | $ | 23,780 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,773 |  |  | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,252 |
Non-performing |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,773 |  |  | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,252 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

17

|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | Revolving Loans |  |  |  |
|  | Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Fiscal Year |  |  | Amortized |  |  | Converted |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Prior |  |  | Cost Basis |  |  | to Term |  |  | Total |
|  | (In thousands) |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | $ | 32,624 |  |  | $ | 42,084 |  |  | $ | 31,711 |  |  | $ | 25,970 |  |  | $ | 29,976 |  |  | $ | 83,378 |  |  | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 246,085 |
Non-performing |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 116 |
Total |  | $ | 32,624 |  |  | $ | 42,084 |  |  | $ | 31,805 |  |  | $ | 25,970 |  |  | $ | 29,998 |  |  | $ | 83,378 |  |  | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 246,201 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 88,597 |  |  | $ | 84,674 |  |  | $ | 66,412 |  |  | $ | 64,573 |  |  | $ | 29,568 |  |  | $ | 122,605 |  |  | $ | 3,718 |  |  | $ | 932 |  |  | $ | 461,079 |
Special Mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 124 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 124 |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 116 |
Doubtful |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 88,597 |  |  | $ | 84,674 |  |  | $ | 66,412 |  |  | $ | 64,573 |  |  | $ | 29,568 |  |  | $ | 122,845 |  |  | $ | 3,718 |  |  | $ | 932 |  |  | $ | 461,319 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Construction and land |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 5,650 |  |  | $ | 10,061 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,156 |  |  | $ | 4,069 |  |  | $ | 1,786 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,722 |
Special Mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Doubtful |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 5,650 |  |  | $ | 10,061 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,156 |  |  | $ | 4,069 |  |  | $ | 1,786 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,722 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Home equity loans and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | $ | 1,585 |  |  | $ | 1,561 |  |  | $ | 1,600 |  |  | $ | 309 |  |  | $ | 247 |  |  | $ | 1,220 |  |  | $ | 17,902 |  |  | $ | 304 |  |  | $ | 24,728 |
Non-performing |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 1,585 |  |  | $ | 1,561 |  |  | $ | 1,600 |  |  | $ | 309 |  |  | $ | 247 |  |  | $ | 1,220 |  |  | $ | 17,902 |  |  | $ | 304 |  |  | $ | 24,728 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Commercial business |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 2,062 |  |  | $ | 507 |  |  | $ | 2,517 |  |  | $ | 2,298 |  |  | $ | 802 |  |  | $ | 2,565 |  |  | $ | 13,072 |  |  | $ | 188 |  |  | $ | 24,011 |
Special Mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Doubtful |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 2,062 |  |  | $ | 507 |  |  | $ | 2,517 |  |  | $ | 2,298 |  |  | $ | 802 |  |  | $ | 2,565 |  |  | $ | 13,072 |  |  | $ | 188 |  |  | $ | 24,011 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 1,771 |  |  | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,235 |
Non-performing |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 1,771 |  |  | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,235 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The Bank was not accruing interest on any loans delinquent 90 days or greater as of December 31, 2024 or September 30, 2024. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of loans for the periods presented:

|  |  |  |  | 30-59 |  |  | 60-89 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Days |  |  | Days |  |  | 90 Days + |  |  | Total |
|  | Current |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Loans |
|  | (In thousands) |
December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential |  | $ | 243,541 |  |  | $ | 986 |  |  | $ | 1,286 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 245,834 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 475,484 |  |  |  | 773 |  |  |  | 5,182 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 481,439 |
Construction and land |  |  | 25,992 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,992 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 26,935 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 318 |  |  |  | 27,273 |
Commercial business |  |  | 22,480 |  |  |  | 550 |  |  |  | 750 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 23,780 |
Other |  |  | 2,252 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,252 |
Total |  | $ | 796,684 |  |  | $ | 2,329 |  |  | $ | 7,218 |  |  | $ | 339 |  |  | $ | 806,570 |

18

|  |  |  |  | 30-59 |  |  | 60-89 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Days |  |  | Days |  |  | 90 Days + |  |  | Total |
|  | Current |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Loans |
|  | (In thousands) |
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to four-family residential |  | $ | 245,458 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 627 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 246,201 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 461,203 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | 461,319 |
Construction and land |  |  | 22,722 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22,722 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 24,492 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 236 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,728 |
Commercial business |  |  | 23,870 |  |  |  | 141 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,011 |
Other |  |  | 2,235 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,235 |
Total |  | $ | 779,980 |  |  | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | 863 |  |  | $ | 232 |  |  | $ | 781,216 |

The following tables present our non-accrual loans and the related ACL by loan type as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024.

|  | Total |  |  | Non-Accrual |  |  | Non-Accrual |
|  | Non-Accrual |  |  | with ACL |  |  | without ACL |
|  | (In thousands) |
December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21 |
Home loans and lines of credit |  |  | 318 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 318 |
Total |  | $ | 339 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 339 |

|  | Total |  |  | Non-Accrual |  |  | Non-Accrual |
|  | Non-Accrual |  |  | with ACL |  |  | without ACL |
|  | (In thousands) |
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 116 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 116 |
Total |  | $ | 232 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 232 |

The following table identifies our non-performing, collateral dependent loans by collateral type as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024:

|  | December 31, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2024 |
Real-estate type: |  | (In thousands) |
One- to four-family residential |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 116 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | 116 |
Home equity loans and lines of credit |  |  | 318 |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 339 |  |  | $ | 232 |

An ACL is maintained to absorb losses from the loan portfolio. Management reviews the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis using a defined, consistently applied process in order to make appropriate and timely adjustments to the ACL. When information confirms all or part of specific loans to be uncollectible, these amounts are promptly charged off against the ACL. Since loans individually evaluated for impairment are promptly written down to their fair value, typically there is no portion of the ACL for individually evaluated loans.

The following tables set forth the allocation of the Bank’s ACL by loan category at the dates indicated. The portion of the ACL allocated to each loan category does not represent the total available for future losses which may occur within the loan category since the total allowance for credit losses is a valuation allocation applicable to the entire loan portfolio. The Company generally charges-off the collateral or discounted cash flow deficiency on all loans at 90 days past due and all loans rated substandard or worse that are 90 days past due.

19

|  | One-to-Four |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Home Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Family |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Construction |  |  | Lines of |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Residential |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | and Land |  |  | Credit |  |  | Business |  |  | Other |  |  | Unallocated |  |  | Total |
|  | (In thousands) |
Balance- September 30, 2024 |  | $ | 755 |  |  | $ | 5,334 |  |  | $ | 624 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 805 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,548 |
Charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Recoveries |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 103 |
Provision (credit) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 261 |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (125 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 209 |
Balance- December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 754 |  |  | $ | 5,595 |  |  | $ | 695 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 783 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,860 |

|  | One-to-Four |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Home Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Family |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  | Lines of |  |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Residential |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Construction |  |  | Credit |  |  | Business |  |  | Other |  |  | Unallocated |  |  | Total |
|  | (In thousands) |
Balance- September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 1,259 |  |  | $ | 5,277 |  |  | $ | 472 |  |  | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | 939 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | 8,330 |
Effect of adopting ASU 2016-13 |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | (589 | ) |  |  | (55 | ) |  |  | (87 | ) |  |  | (133 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (174 | ) |  |  | (1,032 | )
Charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Recoveries |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Provision (credit) |  |  | (75 | ) |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | 301 |  |  |  | (40 | ) |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 385 |
Balance- December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 1,191 |  |  | $ | 4,849 |  |  | $ | 718 |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 845 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,683 |

During the three months ended December 31, 2024, the changes in the ACL for each loan category were primarily due to fluctuations in the outstanding balance of each segment of loans collectively evaluated for impairment. Specifically, we experienced significant growth in our commercial real estate portfolio and, to a lesser extent, growth in our construction loan balances during the three months ended December 31, 2024.

The Company’s ACL increased $204 thousand to $8.2 million during the three months ended December 31, 2024. The ACL for on-balance sheet exposures increased to $7.9 million at December 31, 2024 from $7.5 million at September 30, 2024 resulting from additional net provisions for credit losses totaling $209 thousand and $103 thousand in loan recoveries. The Company’s ACL for off-balance sheet loan commitments decreased to $340 thousand at December 31, 2024 from $449 thousand at September 30, 2024 from lower unfunded construction lines of credit.

During the three months ended December 31, 2024, there were no loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

There was one residential loan and one home equity line of credit totaling $257 thousand that were in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2024.

NOTE K - DEPOSITS

A summary of deposits by type of account are summarized as follows:

|  | December 31, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Demand accounts |  | $ | 131,218 |  |  | $ | 132,837 |
Savings accounts |  |  | 55,271 |  |  |  | 52,853 |
NOW accounts |  |  | 168,776 |  |  |  | 146,744 |
Money market accounts |  |  | 331,629 |  |  |  | 304,588 |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 148,874 |  |  |  | 146,674 |
Retirement certificates |  |  | 13,064 |  |  |  | 12,978 |
|  | $ | 848,832 |  |  | $ | 796,674 |

Included in the Company’s deposits at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024 were $29.6 million in brokered certificates of deposit and $20.0 million in certificates of deposit obtained through a national deposit listing service.

20

At December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, the aggregate deposits in amounts greater than $250 thousand, which is the maximum amount for federal deposit insurance, were $477.5 million and $380.0 million, respectively.

NOTE L - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE SHEET RISK

The Company may use derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swaps and interest rate floors and caps, as part of its interest rate risk management. Interest rate caps and floors are agreements whereby one party agrees to pay or receive a floating rate of interest on a notional principal amount for a predetermined period of time if certain market interest rate thresholds are met. The Company considers the credit risk inherent in these contracts to be negligible. As of December 31, 2024, the Company did not hold any interest rate floors or collars.

The Company is a party to interest rate derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments. Under a program, the Company executes interest rate swaps with commercial lending customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. These interest rate swaps with customers are simultaneously offset by interest rate swaps that the Company executes with a third-party financial institution, such that the Company minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. Because the interest rate swaps associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings. The changes in the fair value of the swaps offset each other, except for the credit risk of the counterparties, which is determined by taking into consideration the risk rating, probability of default and loss given default for all counterparties, and was not significant to the total fair value. The Company was not required to pledge any collateral for its interest rate swaps with financial institutions at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024.

The following table presents summary information regarding these derivatives as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024.

|  | Notional Amount |  |  | Average Maturity (Years) |  |  | Weighted Average Fixed Rate |  |  | Weighted Average Variable Rate |  | Fair Value |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Classified in Other Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer interest rate swaps |  | $ | 34,599 |  |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | 4.96% |  |  | 1 Mo. BSBY + 2.44 |  | $ | 1,510 |
Total |  | $ | 34,599 |  |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | 4.96% |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,510 |
Classified in Other Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3rd Party interest rate swaps |  | $ | 34,599 |  |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | 4.96% |  |  | 1 Mo. BSBY + 2.44 |  | $ | 1,510 |
Total |  | $ | 34,599 |  |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | 4.96% |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,510 |
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Classified in Other Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer interest rate swaps |  | $ | 34,890 |  |  |  | 3.2 |  |  |  | 4.96% |  |  | 1 Mo. BSBY + 2.44 |  | $ | 1,405 |
Total |  | $ | 34,890 |  |  |  | 3.2 |  |  |  | 4.96% |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,405 |
Classified in Other Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3rd Party interest rate swaps |  | $ | 34,890 |  |  |  | 3.2 |  |  |  | 4.96% |  |  | 1 Mo. BSBY + 2.44 |  | $ | 1,405 |
Total |  | $ | 34,890 |  |  |  | 3.2 |  |  |  | 4.96% |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,405 |

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments are commitments to extend credit and are summarized in the below table. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

21

|  | December 31, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Financial instruments whose contract amounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
represent credit risk |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Letters of credit |  | $ | 735 |  |  | $ | 620 |
Unused lines of credit |  |  | 74,838 |  |  |  | 88,272 |
Fixed rate loan commitments |  |  | 5,554 |  |  |  | 1,804 |
Variable rate loan commitments |  |  | 62,086 |  |  |  | 26,843 |
Total |  | $ | 143,213 |  |  | $ | 117,539 |

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

When used in this filing and in future filings by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in the Company’s press releases or other public or shareholder communications, or in oral statements made with the approval of an authorized executive officer, the words or phrases, “anticipate,” “would be,” “will allow,” “intends to,” “will likely result,” “are expected to,” “will continue,” “is anticipated,” “estimated,” “projected,” “believes”, or similar expressions are intended to identify “forward looking statements.” Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those risks previously disclosed by the Company in Item 1A of its Annual Report on Form 10-K as may be supplemented by Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC, general economic conditions, changes in interest rates, regulatory considerations, competition, technological developments, retention and recruitment of qualified personnel, and market acceptance of the Company’s pricing, products and services, levels of uninsured deposits, and with respect to the loans extended by the Company and real estate owned, the following: risks related to the economic environment in the market areas in which the Bank operates, particularly with respect to the real estate market in New Jersey; the risk that the value of the real estate securing these loans may decline in value; and the risk that significant expense may be incurred by the Company in connection with the resolution of these loans.

The Company wishes to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made, and advises readers that various factors, including regional and national economic conditions, substantial changes in levels of market interest rates, credit and other risks of lending and investing activities, and competitive and regulatory factors, could affect the Company’s financial performance and could cause the Company’s actual results for future periods to differ materially from those anticipated or projected.

The Company does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to update any forward-looking statements to reflect occurrences or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024

Total Assets. Total assets increased $56.5 million, or 5.9%, to $1.0 billion at December 31, 2024 from $951.9 million at September 30, 2024. The increase was attributable to higher interest-earning deposits with banks and higher balances of loans receivable.

Interest Earning Deposits. Total cash and cash equivalents increased $32.9 million, or 128.7%, to $58.5 million at December 31, 2024 from $25.6 million at September 30, 2024 resulting from higher deposits, partially offset by higher loans receivable and investments.

Loans Receivable. Total loans receivable increased $25.3 million, or 3.2%, to $805.5 million at December 31, 2024 from $780.2 million at September 30, 2024. The increase in total loans receivable during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 occurred primarily in commercial real estate loans, which increased $20.1 million, or 4.4%, to $481.4 million, or 59.7% of loans. The Company also grew in construction loans, which increased $3.3 million, and one-to four-family residential real estate loans (including home equity lines of credit), which increased $2.2 million. Partially offsetting these increases were commercial business loans, which decreased $231 thousand.

22

Given the significance of commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans to our total loan portfolio, the following table further disaggregates these loans by occupied status and by collateral type as of December 31, 2024:

|  | December 31 |
|  | 2024 |
|  | Amount |  |  | Percent |
|  | (In thousands) |
Owner-occupied |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail |  | $ | 45,626 |  |  |  | 9.5% |
Hotel/Motel |  |  | 43,507 |  |  |  | 9.0% |
Professional |  |  | 34,795 |  |  |  | 7.2% |
Office |  |  | 11,975 |  |  |  | 2.5% |
Restaurant |  |  | 18,565 |  |  |  | 3.9% |
Other |  |  | 29,029 |  |  |  | 6.0% |
Total owner-occupied |  | $ | 183,497 |  |  |  | 38.1% |
Non-owner occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail |  | $ | 95,493 |  |  |  | 19.8% |
Multi-family |  |  | 89,862 |  |  |  | 18.7% |
Professional |  |  | 18,812 |  |  |  | 3.9% |
Office |  |  | 39,406 |  |  |  | 8.2% |
Restaurant |  |  | 7,481 |  |  |  | 1.6% |
Hotel/Motel |  |  | 2,556 |  |  |  | 0.5% |
Other |  |  | 44,332 |  |  |  | 9.2% |
Total non-owner occupied |  | $ | 297,942 |  |  |  | 61.9% |
Total commercial real estate loans |  | $ | 481,439 |  |  |  | 100.0% |

The Company obtains an appraisal of the real estate collateral securing a CRE loan prior to originating the loan. The appraised value is used to calculate the ratio of the outstanding loan balance to the value of the real estate collateral, or loan-to-value ratio ("LTV"). The original appraisal is used to monitor the LTVs within the CRE portfolio unless an updated appraisal is received, which may happen for a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, payment delinquency, additional loan requests using the same collateral, and loan modifications. The following table presents the ranges in the LTVs of our CRE loans at December 31, 2024:

December 31, 2024
|  | Number of |  |  |  |
LTV range |  | Loans |  |  | Amount |
(Dollars in thousands)
0%-25.0% |  |  | 111 |  |  | $ | 46,530 |
25.01%-50.0% |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | 125,002 |
50.01%-60.0% |  |  | 75 |  |  |  | 121,156 |
60.01%-70.0% |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 127,570 |
70.01%-75.0% |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 47,312 |
75.01%-80.0% |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 12,648 |
> 80.0% |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1,221 |
Totals |  |  | 448 |  |  | $ | 481,439 |

As of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans (as defined by regulatory guidance) to total risk-based capital were estimated at approximately 280% and 270%, respectively. Management believes that Magyar Bank has implemented appropriate risk management practices, including risk assessments, board-approved underwriting policies and related procedures, which include monitoring loan portfolio performance and stressing of the commercial real estate portfolio under adverse economic conditions.

Our asset quality with respect to commercial real estate loans has remained strong despite recent economic and market conditions. As of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, we had $0 and $116 thousand of non-performing commercial real estate loans, respectively.

23

Total non-performing loans increased $107 thousand, or 46.1%, to $339 thousand at December 31, 2024 from $232 thousand at September 30, 2024. The increase was due to the addition of two loans secured by residential mortgages, partially offset by the payoff of one loan secured by commercial real estate. The ratio of non-performing loans to total loans increased to 0.04% at December 31, 2024 from 0.03% at September 30, 2024.

The allowance for credit losses increased $204 thousand to $8.2 million, or 1.02% of total loans receivable, during the three months ended December 31, 2024. Growth in loans receivable during the quarter resulted in additional provisions for credit losses totaling $101 thousand and the Company recorded $103 thousand in net loan recoveries. The Company’s allowance for on-balance sheet credit losses increased to $7.9 million at December 31, 2024 from $7.5 million at September 30, 2024 while its reserve for off-balance sheet commitments decreased to $340 thousand at December 31, 2024 from $449 thousand at September 30, 2024.

The allowance for on-balance sheet loan losses as a percentage of non-performing loans decreased to 2,318.6% at December 31, 2024 from 3,253.5% at September 30, 2024. The allowance for on-balance sheet loan losses as a percentage of total loans was 0.97% at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, respectively. Future increases in the allowance for credit losses may be necessary based on possible future increases in non-performing loans and charge-offs, the possible deterioration of collateral values, and the possible deterioration of the current economic environment.

Investment Securities. At December 31, 2024, investment securities totaled $98.0 million, reflecting an increase of $2.6 million, or 2.7%, from $95.4 million at September 30, 2024. The increase resulted from $4.9 million purchase of mortgage-backed securities, offset by principal repayments totaling $2.1 million and a $237 thousand decrease in the market value of the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities during the three months ended December 31, 2024.

Investment securities at December 31, 2024 consisted of $68.3 million in mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, $19.0 million in U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities, $7.1 million in corporate notes, $3.4 million in municipal bonds, and $187 thousand in “private-label” mortgage-backed securities. There was no allowance for credit losses for the Company’s investment securities for the three months ended December 31, 2024.

Deposits. Total deposits increased $52.2 million, or 6.5%, to $848.8 million at December 31, 2024 from $796.7 million at September 30, 2024. The inflow in deposits occurred in money market accounts, which increased $27.0 million, or 8.9%, to $331.6 million, in interest-bearing checking accounts, which increased $22.0 million, or 15.0%, to $168.8 million, in savings accounts, which increased $2.4 million, or 4.6%, to $55.3 million, and in certificates of deposit (including individual retirement accounts), which increased $2.3 million, or 1.4%, to $161.9 million. Partially offsetting these increases was a $1.6 million, or 1.2%, decrease in non-interest bearing checking accounts to $131.2 million.

Borrowed Funds. Borrowings increased $1.9 million, or 6.5%, to $30.4 million at December 31, 2024 from $28.6 million at September 30, 2024. During the three months ended December 31, 2024, the Company borrowed an additional $1.9 million from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York under a program that provides a zero-cost advance for a three-year term.

Stockholders’ Equity. Stockholders’ equity increased $1.1 million, or 1.0%, to $111.7 million at December 31, 2024 from $110.5 million at September 30, 2024. The increase was due to the results from operations, partially offset by dividends paid totaling $0.09 per share and the repurchase of 31,737 shares during the quarter at an average share price of $13.75. The Company’s book value per share increased to $17.23 at December 31, 2024 from $16.98 at September 30, 2024.

Average Balance Sheets for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table presents certain information regarding the Company’s financial condition and net interest income for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The table presents the annualized average yield on interest-earning assets and the annualized average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. We derived the yields and costs by dividing annualized income or expense by the average balance of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, respectively, for the periods shown. We derived average balances from daily balances over the period indicated. Interest income includes fees that we consider adjustments to yields.

24

|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | Average Balance |  |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  |  | Yield/Cost (Annualized) |  |  | Average Balance |  |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  |  | Yield/Cost (Annualized) |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning deposits |  | $ | 33,054 |  |  | $ | 370 |  |  |  | 4.44% |  |  | $ | 70,954 |  |  | $ | 928 |  |  |  | 5.19% |
Loans receivable, net (1) |  |  | 786,040 |  |  |  | 11,864 |  |  |  | 5.99% |  |  |  | 703,238 |  |  |  | 10,082 |  |  |  | 5.69% |
Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  |  | 91,814 |  |  |  | 603 |  |  |  | 2.60% |  |  |  | 92,694 |  |  |  | 478 |  |  |  | 2.05% |
Tax-exempt (2) |  |  | 3,370 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 2.15% |  |  |  | 3,370 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 2.15% |
FHLBNY stock |  |  | 2,394 |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 9.05% |  |  |  | 2,290 |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 9.53% |
Total interest-earning assets |  |  | 916,672 |  |  |  | 12,910 |  |  |  | 5.59% |  |  |  | 872,546 |  |  |  | 11,561 |  |  |  | 5.26% |
Noninterest-earning assets |  |  | 53,992 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 49,628 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 970,664 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 922,174 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings accounts (3) |  | $ | 53,440 |  |  |  | 90 |  |  |  | 0.67% |  |  | $ | 60,661 |  |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | 0.57% |
NOW accounts (4) |  |  | 465,382 |  |  |  | 3,540 |  |  |  | 3.02% |  |  |  | 413,731 |  |  |  | 3,156 |  |  |  | 3.03% |
Time deposits (5) |  |  | 161,842 |  |  |  | 1,624 |  |  |  | 3.98% |  |  |  | 107,207 |  |  |  | 834 |  |  |  | 3.09% |
Total interest-bearing deposits |  |  | 680,664 |  |  |  | 5,254 |  |  |  | 3.06% |  |  |  | 581,599 |  |  |  | 4,077 |  |  |  | 2.78% |
Borrowings |  |  | 29,556 |  |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | 2.80% |  |  |  | 29,604 |  |  |  | 236 |  |  |  | 3.16% |
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 710,220 |  |  |  | 5,462 |  |  |  | 3.05% |  |  |  | 611,203 |  |  |  | 4,313 |  |  |  | 2.80% |
Noninterest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 148,100 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 204,225 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  |  | 858,320 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 815,428 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings |  |  | 112,344 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 106,746 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and retained earnings |  | $ | 970,664 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 922,174 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax-equivalent basis adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  |  |
Net interest and dividend income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,444 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,244 |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.54% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.46% |
Net interest-earning assets |  | $ | 206,452 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 261,343 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest margin (6) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.22% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.29% |
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 129.07% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 142.76% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) The average balance of loans receivable, net includes non-accrual loans.

(2) Interest income and yield are calculated using the Company's 21% federal tax rate.

(3) Includes passbook savings, money market passbook and club accounts.

(4) Includes interest-bearing checking and money market accounts.

(5) Includes certificates of deposits and individual retirement accounts.

(6) Calculated as annualized net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Net Income. Net income increased $443 thousand, or 26.2%, to $2.1 million for the three-month period ended December 31, 2024 compared with net income of $1.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The increase was due to higher net interest income, lower provisions for credit losses and higher other income, partially offset by higher other expenses.

25

Net Interest and Dividend Income. Net interest and dividend income increased $200 thousand, or 2.8%, to $7.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 from $7.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The increase was attributable to a $44.1 million increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets between periods, partially offset by a seven-basis point decrease in the Company’s net interest margin to 3.22% for the three months ended December 31, 2024 from 3.29% for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Interest and Dividend Income. Interest and dividend income increased $1.3 million, or 11.7%, to $12.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 compared with $11.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The increase was attributable to a 33-basis point increase in the yield on earning assets to 5.59% for the three months ended December 31, 2024 from 5.26% for the three months ended December 31, 2023 as well as a $44.1 million, or 5.1%, increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets. The increase in yield on the Company’s assets was attributable to higher market interest rates on loans and investments between periods.

The average balance of loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, increased $82.8 million to $786.0 million during the three months ended December 31, 2024 from $703.2 million during the three months ended December 31, 2023, while the yield on loans receivable increased 30 basis points to 5.99% for the three months ended December 31, 2024 from 5.69% for the three months ended December 31, 2023 due to higher market interest rates. The higher average balance and yield accounted for a $1.8 million, or 17.7%, increase in loan interest income between periods.

Interest earned on investment securities, including interest-earning deposits and excluding FHLB stock, decreased $433 thousand, or 30.5%, to $987 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2024 from $1.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The average yield on such assets decreased 33 basis points to 3.06% for the three months ended December 31, 2024 from 3.39% for the three months ended December 31, 2023 while the average balance of investment securities and interest-earning deposits decreased by $38.8 million, or 23.2%, to $128.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 from $167.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $1.2 million, or 26.6%, to $5.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 from $4.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 25 basis points to 3.05% for the three months ended December 31, 2024 compared with 2.80% for the three months ended December 31, 2023 while the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities increased $99.0 million, or 16.2%, to $710.2 million.

The average balance of interest-bearing deposits increased $99.1 million, or 17.0%, to $680.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 from $581.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, while the average cost of such deposits increased 28 basis points to 3.06% from 2.78%. As a result, interest paid on interest-bearing deposits increased $1.2 million to $5.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 compared with $4.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Interest paid on borrowings decreased $28 thousand, or 11.9%, to $208 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2024 from $236 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023. While the average balance of borrowings only decreased $48 thousand to $29.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 compared to $29.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, the cost of the borrowings decreased by 36 basis points to 2.80% for the three months ended December 31, 2024 from 3.16% for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Provision for Credit Losses. The provision for credit losses decreased to $101 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2024 compared to $481 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023. Provisions for on-balance sheet credit losses were $209 thousand from growth in total loans receivable during the quarter and net recoveries of previously charged-off commercial business loans totaling $103 thousand. The Company reduced its allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses by $108 thousand from the contraction in unfunded lines of credit during the quarter.

Other Income. Other income increased $347 thousand, or 57.0%, to $956 thousand during the three months ended December 31, 2024 compared to $609 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The increase was the result of higher gains on the sale of other real estate owned, which totaled $224 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2024 compared with $0 for the three months ended December 31, 2023, and higher gains on the sale of SBA loans, which totaled $236 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2024 compared with $129 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023. In addition, income on bank owned life insurance increased $72 thousand, or 75.8%, to $167 thousand from the Company’s restructure of policies totaling $7.9 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

Other Expenses. Other expenses increased $389 thousand, or 7.7%, to $5.4 million during the three months ended December 31, 2024 compared to $5.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The increase was attributable to higher compensation and occupancy expenses, partially offset by lower data processing expenses.

26

Compensation and benefit expenses increased $234 thousand, or 8.2%, to $3.1 million due to the additions of a commercial lender and a commercial credit analyst, higher medical insurance expenses, higher incentive accruals and annual merit increases. Occupancy expenses increased $201 thousand, or 25.4%, to $991 thousand due to the opening and operation of the Bank’s new branch office in Martinsville, NJ. In addition, the Company incurred one-time lease termination expenses totaling $130,000 related to the closure of the Bank’s Bridgewater office during the three months ended December 31, 2024. The relocation of the Bank’s branch office from Bridgewater to Martinsville is expected to save the Company $225 thousand per year.

Data processing expenses decreased $49 thousand, or 35.0%, to $91 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2024 from $140 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2024, the Bank extended its core services contract, resulting in the expedited usage of existing flex credits available under the original contract term.

Income Tax Expense. The Company recorded tax expense of $805 thousand on pre-tax income of $2.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, compared to tax expense of $700 thousand on pre-tax income of $2.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2024 was 27.9% compared with 29.8% for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity

The Company’s liquidity is a measure of its ability to fund loans, pay withdrawals of deposits, and other cash outflows in an efficient, cost-effective manner. The Company’s short-term sources of liquidity include maturity, repayment and sales of assets, excess cash and cash equivalents, new deposits, other borrowings, and new advances from the FHLBNY. Based on eligible loan collateral pledged to the FHLBNY at December 31, 2024, we had an aggregate borrowing capacity of $135.3 million. There has been no material adverse change during the nine months ended December 31, 2024 in the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to fund their operations.

At December 31, 2024, the Company had commitments outstanding under letters of credit totaling $735 thousand, commitments to originate loans totaling $67.6 million, and commitments to fund undisbursed balances of closed loans and unused lines of credit totaling $74.8 million. There has been no material change during the current quarter ended December 31, 2024 in any of the Company’s other contractual obligations or commitments to make future payments.

Capital Requirements

At December 31, 2024, the Bank’s Tier 1 capital as a percentage of the Bank’s total assets was 11.20%, and total qualifying capital as a percentage of risk-weighted assets was 15.65%.

Item 3- Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

Item 4 – Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

27

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

| Item 1. | Legal proceedings

None.

| Item 1A. | Risk Factors

There were no material changes to the risk factors relevant to the Company’s operations as described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2024.

| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

| a.) | Not applicable.

| b.) | Not applicable.

| c.) | The Company repurchased 31,737 shares of its common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2024. Through December 31, 2024, the Company held 618,204 shares in treasury that were repurchased at a weighted average price of $12.58 pursuant to stock repurchase plans. On December 8, 2022, the Company announced a stock repurchase program of up to 5% of its outstanding shares of common stock, or 337,146 shares, 8,673 shares of which remained subject to repurchase under the plan at December 31, 2024.

The following table reports information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2024.

|  | Total Number |  |  | Average |  |  | Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of |  |  | Remaining Number of Shares That |
|  | of Shares |  |  | Price Paid |  |  | Publicly Announced |  |  | May be Purchased |
Periods |  | Purchased |  |  | Per Share |  |  | Plans or Programs |  |  | Under the Plan |
October 1, 2024 through October 31, 2024 |  |  | 2,394 |  |  | $ | 12.38 |  |  |  | 299,130 |  |  |  | 38,016 |
November 1, 2024 through November 30, 2024 |  |  | 6,401 |  |  | $ | 13.18 |  |  |  | 305,531 |  |  |  | 31,615 |
December 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024 |  |  | 22,942 |  |  | $ | 13.87 |  |  |  | 328,473 |  |  |  | 8,673 |

| Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

| Item 5. | Other Information

| a.) | Not applicable.

| b.) | During the three months ended December 31, 2024, no directors or executive officers of the Company adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of the Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) and/or any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”

28

| Item 6. | Exhibits

| 31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)

| 31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)

| 32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

| 32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

| 101 | Interactive data file containing the following financial statements formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within Inline XBRL document contained in Exhibit 101).

29

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| MAGYAR BANCORP, INC.
| (Registrant)
Date: February 13, 2025 | /s/ John S. Fitzgerald
| John S. Fitzgerald
| President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: February 13, 2025 | /s/ Jon R. Ansari
| Jon R. Ansari
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

30

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