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Collaboration and License Agreements
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2014
Text Block [Abstract]  
Collaboration and License Agreements

4. Collaboration and License Agreements

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited

In May 2014, the Company entered into a license and option agreement with Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (“Takeda”) for the development and commercialization of MGD010, a product candidate that incorporates the Company’s proprietary Dual-Affinity Re-Targeting (“DART”) technology to simultaneously engage CD32B and CD79B, which are two B-cell surface proteins. MGD010 is currently in pre-clinical development for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Upon execution of the agreement, Takeda made a non-refundable payment of $15.0 million to the Company. Takeda has an option to obtain an exclusive worldwide license for MGD010 following the completion of a pre-defined Phase 1a study. The Company will lead all product development activities until that time. If Takeda exercises its option, it will assume responsibility for future development and pay the Company a license option fee that, along with an early development milestone, will total $18.0 million. Assuming successful development and commercialization of MGD010, the Company is eligible to receive up to an additional $468.5 million in development, regulatory and sales milestone payments. If commercialized, the Company would receive double-digit royalties on any global net sales and has the option to co-promote MGD010 with Takeda in the United States. Finally, the Company may elect to fund a portion of Phase 3 clinical development in exchange for a North American profit share.

The Company has evaluated the license and option agreement with Takeda and has determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this license and option agreement include research and development services through the Phase 1a study and delivery of the license for the initial research compound. The Company concluded that the MGD010 option is substantive and that the license fee for this option is not a deliverable at the inception of the arrangement as there is considerable uncertainty that the option would be exercised. The Company has determined that each potential future development and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time.

Included in this agreement are plans for the parties to enter into good faith negotiations for a separate research agreement related to multiple research compounds. A portion of the $15.0 million upfront payment received upon execution of the MGD010 agreement was allocated to the initial research compound. The portions of the $15.0 million up-front fee allocated to the MGD010 option fee and the license for the initial research compound are reflective of management’s best estimate of selling price had those future licenses been sold separately. Revenue related to the potential license for the initial research compound will be deferred until such time as a research agreement is executed. At such time, revenue will be recognized ratably over the estimated development period. Should a research agreement be executed, the Company will be eligible to receive development, regulatory, and sales milestone payments as well as receive reimbursement for certain research and development expenses.

 

The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this agreement include an exclusivity clause to its technology as well as development of MGD010 through completion of a pre-defined Phase 1a study. The Company determined that these performance obligations represent a single unit of accounting, because the license does not have stand-alone value to Takeda without the Company’s technical expertise and development. As such, the portion of the initial upfront payment allocated to MGD010 was deferred and is being recognized ratably over the initial 24-month period, which represents the expected period of development through the completion of a pre-defined Phase 1a study.

The Company recognized revenues of approximately $0.4 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014. At June 30, 2014, $14.6 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $5.0 million of which was current and $9.6 million of which was non-current.

Gilead Sciences, Inc.

In January 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with Gilead Sciences, Inc. (“Gilead”) for Gilead to obtain exclusive worldwide rights for the research, development and commercialization of up to four DART molecules. For each molecule Gilead chooses to develop, the Company is entitled to receive a license grant fee of $7.5 million and is further eligible to receive up to an additional $20 to $25 million in pre-clinical milestones and up to $240 to $250 million in additional clinical, regulatory and sales milestones. Upon execution of the arrangement, Gilead identified one molecule to develop for which the Company granted Gilead a license in exchange for consideration of $7.5 million.

The Company has determined that the remaining licenses are conditional deliverables, which are substantive options that were not granted with a substantial discount. The Company has determined that each potential future clinical, development and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. Gilead also provides funding for the Company’s internal and external research costs under the agreement. Additionally, Gilead would be obligated to pay the Company high single digit to low double digit royalties on product sales.

The Company has evaluated the research collaboration agreement with Gilead and has determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include a license to its technology and research and development services. The Company concluded that the deliverables do not have stand alone value and therefore, represent a combined single unit of accounting. Due to the lack of standalone value for the license and research and development services, the combined unit of accounting (the upfront payment and the expected research and development reimbursements) is being recognized ratably over a period of 21 months, which represents the expected development period.

The Company and Gilead have also agreed to establish a joint research committee to facilitate the governance and oversight of the parties’ activities under the agreements. Management considered whether participation on the joint committee may be a deliverable and determined that it was not a deliverable. Had management considered participation on the joint committee as a deliverable, it would not have had a material impact on the accounting for the arrangement.

The Company recognized revenues of approximately $2.3 million and $2.0 million under this agreement for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company recognized revenues of approximately $4.5 million and $3.7 million under this agreement for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. No milestones have been achieved under this agreement.

At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, $0.9 million and $3.6 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, respectively, all of which was current.

 

Les Laboratoires Servier

In November 2011, the Company entered into a right-to-develop collaboration agreement with Les Laboratoires Servier and Institut de Recherches Servier (collectively, “Servier”) for the development and commercialization of MGA271 in all countries other than the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, South Korea and India.

Upon execution of the agreement, Servier made a non-refundable payment of $20.0 million to the Company. The Company is eligible to receive up to $30.0 million in license option fees, $47.0 million in clinical milestone payments, $140.0 million in regulatory milestone payments and $208.0 million in sales milestone payments if Servier exercises the option, obtains regulatory approval for and successfully commercializes MGA271. The Company concluded that the license option fees are not deliverables at the inception of the arrangement. The Company has determined that each potential future clinical, development and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. In the event Servier exercises its option to continue development of MGA271, Servier must pay a license option fee. Under this agreement, Servier would be obligated to pay the Company from low double digit to mid-teen royalties on product sales in its territories.

The Company has evaluated the research collaboration agreement with Servier and has determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company concluded that the option is substantive and that the license fees for this option is not a deliverable at the inception of the arrangement as there is considerable uncertainty that the option would be exercised and the additional fee to be paid upon exercise of the option represents its estimated selling price (i.e., no substantial discount was given). The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include an exclusivity clause to its technology, technical, scientific and intellectual property support to the research plan during the first year of the agreement and participation on an executive committee and a research and development committee. The Company determined that these performance obligations represent a single unit of accounting, since the license does not have stand-alone value to Servier without the Company’s technical expertise and committee participation. As such, the initial upfront payment was deferred and was being recognized ratably over the initial 27-month period, which represented the expected period of development and the Company’s participation on the research and development committee. In January 2014, the Company determined that the development period will last longer than originally estimated, and prospectively adjusted its period of recognition of the upfront payment to a 38-month period.

During the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company recognized revenue of $0.2 million and $4.4 million, respectively, under this agreement. During the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company recognized revenue of $0.4 million and $6.6 million, respectively, under this agreement.

At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, $0.4 million and $0.9 million of revenue remained deferred under this agreement, respectively, all of which was included in current liabilities.

In September 2012, the Company entered into a second right-to-develop collaboration agreement with Servier and granted it options to obtain three separate exclusive licenses to develop and commercialize DART molecules, consisting of those designated by the Company as MGD006 and MGD007, as well as a third DART molecule, in all countries other than the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, South Korea and India.

Upon execution of the agreement, Servier made a non-refundable payment of $20.0 million to the Company. In addition, the Company became eligible to receive up to $65.0 million in license option fees, $98.0 million in clinical milestone payments, including $5.0 million upon Investigational New Drug (“IND”) acceptance for each of MGD006, MGD007 and a third DART molecule, $300.0 million in regulatory milestone payments and $630.0 million in sales milestone payments if Servier exercises all of the options and successfully develops, obtains regulatory approval for, and commercializes a product under each license. Through June 30, 2014, the Company has received an additional $15.0 million in license option fees and a $5.0 million milestone payment. In addition to these payments, the Company and Servier will share Phase 2 and Phase 3 development costs. The Company has determined that each potential future clinical, development and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. Under this agreement, Servier would be obligated to pay the Company between high-single digit and mid-teen royalties on net product sales in its territories.

The Company has evaluated the research collaboration agreement with Servier and has determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company concluded that each option is substantive and that the license fees for each option are not deliverables at the inception of the arrangement and were not issued with a substantial discount. The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include an exclusivity clause to its technology, technical, scientific and intellectual property support to the research plan during the first year of the agreement and participation on an executive committee and a research and development committee. The Company determined that the performance obligations with respect to the pre-clinical development represent a single unit of accounting, since the license does not have stand-alone value to Servier without the Company’s technical expertise and committee participation. As such, the initial up front license payment was deferred and is being recognized ratably over the initial 29-month period, which represents the expected development period.

During the six months ended June 30, 2014, Servier exercised its exclusive option to develop and commercialize MGD006. As a result of the exercise, the Company received a $15.0 million payment from Servier for its license to develop and commercialize MGD006 in its territories. Upon exercise of the option, the Company evaluated its performance obligations with respect to the license for MGD006. The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include an exclusive license to its technology, technical, scientific and intellectual property support to the research plan and participation on an executive committee and a research and development committee. The Company determined that the performance obligations with respect to the clinical development represent a single unit of accounting, since the license does not have stand-alone value to Servier without the Company’s technical expertise and committee participation. As such, the $15.0 million license fee was deferred and is being recognized ratably over a period of 82 months, which represents the expected development period for MGD006. In accordance with the agreement, the Company and Servier will share costs incurred to develop MGD006. Reimbursement of research and development expenses received in connection with this collaborative cost-sharing agreement is recorded as a reduction to research and development expense. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, the Company recorded approximately $0.3 million and $0.4 million as an offset to research and development costs under this collaboration arrangement, and has recorded a corresponding collaboration receivable, which is included in accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company recognized revenue of $2.7 million and $2.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, under this agreement. The Company recognized revenue of $10.0 million and $4.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, under this agreement. Revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2014 includes the $5.0 million payment from Servier upon the achievement of a clinical milestone related to the IND application for MGD006 clearing the 30-day review period by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). No milestones were recognized under this agreement during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013.

At June 30, 2014, $19.4 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $7.3 million of which was current and $12.1 million of which was non-current. At December 31, 2013, $9.4 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $8.6 million of which was current and $0.8 million of which was non-current.

In July 2014, the IND application for MGD007 cleared the 30-day review period by the FDA. This triggered an additional $5.0 million milestone payment due to the Company by Servier.

Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH

In October 2010 the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH (“Boehringer”) to discover, develop and commercialize up to ten DART molecules which span multiple therapeutic areas. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company granted Boehringer an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing, license under its intellectual property to research, develop, and market DARTs generated under the agreement throughout the world.

 

Upon execution of the agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $15.0 million. The Company subsequently received three annual maintenance payments including one in the fourth quarter of 2013. These maintenance payments are being recognized over the estimated period of development. The Company has the potential to earn milestone payments of approximately $41.0 million related to pre-clinical and clinical development, $89.0 million related to regulatory milestones and $83.0 million related to sales milestones for each of the DART programs under this agreement in the case of full commercial success of multiple DART products. The Company has determined that each potential future clinical, development and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. Boehringer also provides funding for the Company’s internal and external research costs and is required to pay the Company mid-single digit royalties on product sales.

The Company determined that the deliverables under the Boehringer agreement include the license, the research and development services to be performed by the Company, and the co-promotion/manufacturing services. The Company concluded that the co-promotional activities were optional and were subject to further negotiation upon reaching regulatory approval. As such, the co-promotional period is not included in the expected obligation period to perform services.

The Company concluded that the undelivered element of research and development services had fair value. The Company concluded that the license does not have value on a standalone basis (e.g., absent the provision of the research and development services) and therefore does not represent a separate unit of accounting. The Company concluded that because the drug candidate has not yet been developed, the license is of no value to Boehringer without the ensuing research and development activities using the DART technology, which is proprietary to the Company. Likewise, Boehringer could not sell the license to another party (without the Company agreeing to provide the research and development activities for the other party). Therefore, the upfront license fee and research and development services were treated as a combined unit of account and recognized over the expected obligation period associated with the research and development services through September 2015, which represents the estimated period of development.

The Company and Boehringer have also agreed to establish a joint research committee to facilitate the governance and oversight of the parties’ activities under the agreements. Management considered whether participation on the joint committee may be a deliverable and determined that it was not a deliverable. However, had management considered participation on the joint committee as a deliverable, it would not have had a material impact on the accounting for the arrangement as the period of participation in this committee matched the obligation period for the research and development services.

The Company recognized revenues of approximately $3.0 million and $2.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company recognized revenues of approximately $6.0 million and $4.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. At June 30, 2014, $9.3 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $7.0 million of which was current and $2.3 million of which was non-current. At December 31, 2013, $12.8 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $7.0 million of which was current and $5.8 million of which was non-current.

There were no material modifications to this agreement since the adoption of ASU 2009-13, Revenue Recognition – Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements, on January 1, 2011.

Pfizer, Inc.

In October 2010, the Company entered into a three year agreement with Pfizer, Inc. (“Pfizer”) to discover, develop and commercialize up to two DART molecules. The Company granted Pfizer a non-exclusive worldwide, royalty-bearing license and received an upfront payment of $5.0 million and has received milestone payments and funding for the Company’s internal and external research costs under the agreement.

The Company is eligible to receive milestone payments of approximately $17.0 million related to pre-clinical and clinical development and $195.0 million related to commercialization and sales milestones for each DART program under this agreement. The Company has determined that each potential future technical and development milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. Pfizer is responsible for all pre-clinical and clinical development costs for the program. In addition, Pfizer is required to pay the Company mid-single digit to low double digit royalties on product sales. Under this collaboration, one DART program is currently being pursued and the Company completed its research obligations under this program in January 2014.

The Company has evaluated the research collaboration agreement with Pfizer and has determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include an exclusive license to its technology, research and development services and manufacturing services. The Company concluded that the manufacturing services were optional and were subject to further negotiation upon reaching regulatory approval. As such, the manufacturing services are not included in the expected obligation period to perform services.

The Company determined that it had fair value of the undelivered element of the research and development services. However, the Company concluded that the license does not have value on a standalone basis (e.g., absent the provision of the research and development services) and therefore does not represent a separate unit of accounting. Facts that were considered included the development of the candidate noting that because the drug candidate has not yet been developed, the license is of no value to Pfizer without the ensuing research and development activities using the DART technology, which is proprietary to the Company. Likewise, Pfizer could not sell the license to another party (without the Company agreeing to provide the research and development activities for the other party). Therefore, the upfront license fee and research and development services were treated as a combined unit of accounting and recognized over the expected obligation period associated with the research and development services through January 2014, which represented the estimated period of development.

The $5.0 million upfront payment received by the Company is non-refundable; therefore, there is no right of return for the license. The Company recognized revenue associated with this non-refundable up-front license fee through the expected obligation period associated with the research and development services, which ended in January 2014.

The Company and Pfizer have also agreed to establish a joint research committee to facilitate the governance and oversight of the parties’ activities under the agreements. Management considered whether participation on the joint committee may be a deliverable and determined that it was not a deliverable because it is a participating right and not an obligation of the Company. However, had management considered participation on the joint committee as a deliverable, it would not have had a material impact on the accounting for the arrangement.

The Company recognized revenues of approximately $1.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2013. The Company recognized revenues of approximately $2.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2013. Revenue recognized related to this agreement was de minimis during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014. As of June 30, 2014, there was no remaining deferred revenue under this agreement.

Green Cross Corporation

In June 2010, the Company entered into a collaboration agreement with Green Cross Corp. (“Green Cross”) for the development of the Company’s anti-HER2 antibody margetuximab. This arrangement grants Green Cross an exclusive license to conduct specified Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials and commercialize margetuximab in South Korea. In March 2014, the Company and Green Cross entered into an amendment to the original agreement, causing the terms of the original agreement to be materially modified.

Upon execution of the amendment, the Company became eligible to receive reimbursement for costs incurred for Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials up to $5.5 million as well as clinical development and commercial milestone payments of up to $2.5 million. The Company has determined that each potential clinical development and commercial milestone is substantive. The Company is also entitled to receive royalties on net sales of margetuximab in South Korea. The Company and Green Cross have formed a joint steering committee to coordinate and oversee activities on which the companies collaborate under the agreement.

The Company has evaluated the collaboration agreement with Green Cross and has determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables or performance obligations. As a result of the material modification to the arrangement in March 2014, the Company reassessed the entire arrangement in accordance with the guidance provided by ASC 605-25, Multiple Element Arrangements (Revenue Recognition) as the original agreement was accounted for prior to adopting ASU 2009-13. The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this agreement include an exclusive license to its technologies, research and development services, and participation in a joint steering committee. The Company concluded that the license and the reimbursements for research and development services do not have value on a standalone basis and therefore do not represent a separate unit of accounting.

The initial $1.0 million upfront payment received by the Company upon execution of the original agreement is non-refundable; as such, there is no right of return for the license. Therefore, the upfront license fee and participation on the joint steering committee were treated as a combined unit of accounting and will be recognized over the term of the agreement through June 2020. Further, due to the fact the research and development services are not deemed to have stand-alone value, revenue for those services should be recognized over the entire term of the agreement (through June 2020). As a result of reassessing the arrangement in accordance with ASC 605-25, the Company was required to record an adjustment on the date of the material modification to reflect the revenue that would have resulted had the entity applied the requirements of ASC 605-25 from the inception of the agreement. As a result, the Company recorded an additional $1.3 million of revenue during the six-month period ended June 30, 2014.

The Company recognized revenues of approximately $112,500 and $25,000 under this agreement during the three months ended June 30, 2014 and June 30, 2013, respectively. The Company recognized revenues of approximately $1.5 million and $50,000 under this agreement during the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. No milestones were achieved under this agreement during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.

At June 30, 2014, there was a $300,000 unbilled receivable balance net of deferred revenue under this agreement, which is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. At December 31, 2013, $650,000 of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $100,000 of which was current and $550,000 of which was non-current.