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Collaboration and License Agreements
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Text Block [Abstract]  
Collaboration and License Agreements

8. Collaboration and License Agreements

Janssen Biotech, Inc.

In December 2014, the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Janssen Biotech, Inc. (Janssen) for the development and commercialization of MGD011, a product candidate that incorporates the Company’s proprietary DART technology to simultaneously target CD19 and CD3 for the potential treatment of B-cell malignancies. The Company contemporaneously entered into a stock purchase agreement and investor agreement, each with Johnson & Johnson Innovation—JJDC, Inc. (JJDC), an affiliate of Janssen, under which JJDC agreed to purchase 1,923,077 new shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $39.00 per share, representing proceeds of $75.0 million. The effectiveness of these agreements was subject to the early termination or expiration of any applicable waiting periods under Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, which occurred in January 2015 (see Note 13). The Company is eligible to receive a $50.0 million upfront payment from Janssen after the collaboration and license agreement becomes effective. Janssen will be fully responsible for developing MGD011 following submission of the Investigational New Drug Application (IND), which is planned for 2015. Assuming successful development and commercialization, the Company could receive up to an additional $575.0 million in clinical, regulatory and commercialization milestone payments. The Company may elect to fund a portion of late-stage clinical development in exchange for a profit share in the U.S. and Canada. If commercialized, the Company would be eligible to receive double-digit royalties on any global net sales and has the option to co-promote the molecule with Janssen in the U.S.

No revenue was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2014 under this agreement, and no related deferred revenue was recorded as of December 31, 2014.

Takeda

In May 2014, the Company entered into a license and option agreement with Takeda for the development and commercialization of MGD010, a product candidate that incorporates the Company’s proprietary DART technology to simultaneously engage CD32B and CD79B, which are two B-cell surface proteins. MGD010 is currently in pre-clinical development for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Upon execution of the agreement, Takeda made a non-refundable payment of $15.0 million to the Company. Takeda has an option to obtain an exclusive worldwide license for MGD010 following the completion of a pre-defined Phase 1a study. The Company will lead all product development activities until that time. If Takeda exercises its option, it will assume responsibility for future development and pay the Company a license option fee that, along with an early development milestone, will total $18.0 million. Assuming successful development and commercialization of MGD010, the Company is eligible to receive up to an additional $468.5 million in development, regulatory and sales milestone payments. If commercialized, the Company would receive double-digit royalties on any global net sales and has the option to co-promote MGD010 with Takeda in the United States. Finally, the Company may elect to fund a portion of Phase 3 clinical development in exchange for a North American profit share.

The Company evaluated the license and option agreement with Takeda and has determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company’s substantive performance obligations under the license and option agreement include exclusivity, research and development services through the Phase 1a study and delivery of a future license for an initial research compound. The Company concluded that the MGD010 option is substantive and that the license fee payable upon exercise of the option is not a deliverable at the inception of the arrangement as there is considerable uncertainty that the option would be exercised. The Company has determined that each potential future development and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. The Company determined that these performance obligations represent a single unit of accounting, because the exclusivity clause does not have stand-alone value to Takeda without the Company’s technical expertise and development through the pre-defined Phase 1a study.

After identifying the deliverables included within the arrangement, the Company determined its best estimate of selling price. The Company allocated $10.0 million to the exclusivity clause to its technology and the research and development services and $5.0 million to the exclusive license for the initial research compound. The Company’s determination of best estimate of selling price for the research and development services relied upon other similar transactions. The Company relied upon the income approach (e.g., future cash flows) to determine the value of the license of the to-be-delivered compound along with other similar license transactions with differing indications but similar stage of development. The portion of the up-front fee allocated to the MGD010 option is being recognized over an initial 24-month period, which represents the expected period of development through the completion of a pre-defined Phase 1a study. The portion of the up-front fee allocated to the license for the initial research compound was deferred until the research collaboration and license option agreement was executed and the license delivered.

The Company recognized revenue of approximately $3.0 million under the MGD010 agreement during the year ended December 31, 2014. At December 31, 2014, $7.1 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $5.0 million of which was current and $2.1 million of which was non-current.

In September 2014, the Company and Takeda executed a research collaboration and license option agreement, which formalized the license for the initial research compound. Under the terms of the agreement, Takeda may identify up to three additional compounds, which will be subject to separate research and development plans. The Company determined that it could recognize the entire license fee as (1) the executed contract constituted persuasive evidence of an arrangement, (2) the delivery of the license occurred and the Company had no current or future performance obligations, (3) the total consideration for the license was fixed and known at the time of its execution and there were not any extended payment terms or rights of return, and (4) the cash was received. Therefore, the Company recognized $5.0 million in revenue during the year ended December 31, 2014 under this agreement. The Company is also entitled to receive reimbursements for research and development services provided to Takeda with respect to the initial research compound, subject to the execution of a separate research plan.

Gilead

In January 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with Gilead for Gilead to obtain exclusive worldwide rights for the research, development and commercialization of up to four DART molecules. For each molecule Gilead chooses to develop, the Company is entitled to receive a license grant fee of $7.5 million and is further eligible to receive up to an additional $20.0 million to $25.0 million in pre-clinical milestones and up to $240.0 million to $250.0 million in additional clinical, regulatory and sales milestones. Upon execution of the arrangement, Gilead identified one molecule to develop for which the Company granted Gilead a license in exchange for consideration of $7.5 million.

The Company determined that any remaining licenses are conditional deliverables, which are substantive options that were not granted with a substantial discount. The Company has determined that each potential future clinical, development and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. Gilead also provides funding for the Company’s internal and external research costs under the agreement. Additionally, Gilead would be obligated to pay the Company high single digit to low double digit royalties on product sales.

The Company evaluated the research collaboration agreement with Gilead and has determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include a license to its technology and research and development services. The Company concluded that the deliverables do not have stand alone value and therefore, represent a combined single unit of accounting. Due to the lack of standalone value for the license and research and development services, the combined unit of accounting (the upfront payment and the expected research and development reimbursements) was recognized ratably over a period of 21 months, which represented the expected development period.

The Company and Gilead have also agreed to establish a joint research committee to facilitate the governance and oversight of the parties’ activities under the agreements. Management considered whether participation on the joint committee may be a deliverable and determined that it was not a deliverable. Had management considered participation on the joint committee as a deliverable, it would not have had a material impact on the accounting for the arrangement.

The Company recognized revenues of approximately $5.5 million and $8.0 million under this agreement for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. No milestones have been achieved under this agreement.

At December 31, 2013, $3.6 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, all of which was current. As of December 31, 2014, there was no remaining deferred revenue under this agreement.

Servier

In November 2011, the Company entered into a right-to-develop collaboration agreement with Servier for the development and commercialization of MGA271 in all countries other than the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, South Korea and India.

Upon execution of the agreement, Servier made a nonrefundable payment of $20.0 million to the Company. The Company is eligible to receive up to $30.0 million in license grant fees, $47.0 million in clinical milestone payments, $140.0 million in regulatory milestone payments and $208.0 million in sales milestone payments if Servier exercises the option, obtains regulatory approval for and successfully commercializes MGA271. The Company concluded that the license option fees are not deliverables at the inception of the arrangement. The Company has determined that each potential future clinical, development and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. In the event Servier exercises its option to continue development of MGA271, Servier must pay a license option fee. Under this agreement, Servier would be obligated to pay the Company from low double digit to mid-teen royalties on product sales in its territories.

The Company evaluated the research collaboration agreement with Servier and has determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company concluded that the option is substantive and that the license fees for this option is not a deliverable at the inception of the arrangement as there is considerable uncertainty that the option would be exercised and the additional fee to be paid upon exercise of the option represents its estimated selling price (i.e. no substantial discount was given). The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include an exclusivity clause to its technology, technical, scientific and intellectual property support to the research plan and participation on an executive committee and a research and development committee. The Company determined that these performance obligations represent a single unit of accounting, since the license does not have stand-alone value to Servier without the Company’s technical expertise and committee participation. As such, the initial upfront payment was deferred and was being recognized ratably over the initial 27-month period, which represented the expected period of development and the Company’s participation on the research and development committee. During 2014, the Company determined that the development period will last longer than originally estimated, and prospectively adjusted its period of recognition of the upfront payment to a 42-month period.

During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 the Company recognized revenue of $0.7 million, $21.3 million and $9.1 million, respectively, under this agreement. Revenue recognized in the year ended December 31, 2013 included a $10.0 million substantive milestone payment received upon dosing the first patient in a Phase 1 dose expansion cohort trial of MGA271.

At December 31, 2014 and 2013, $0.1 million and $0.9 million of revenue remained deferred under this agreement, respectively, all of which was current.

In September 2012, the Company entered into a second right-to-develop collaboration agreement with Servier and granted it options to obtain three separate exclusive licenses to develop and commercialize DART-based molecules, consisting of those designated by the Company as MGD006 and MGD007, as well as a third DART molecule, in all countries other than the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, South Korea and India.

Upon execution of the agreement, Servier made a nonrefundable payment of $20.0 million to the Company. In addition, the Company will be eligible to receive up to $65.0 million in license grant fees, $98.0 million in clinical milestone payments, including $5.0 million upon IND acceptance for each of MGD006, MGD007 and a third DART molecule, $300.0 million in regulatory milestone payments and $630.0 million in sales milestone payments if Servier exercises all of the options and successfully develops, obtains regulatory approval for, and commercializes a product under each license. In addition to these milestones, the Company and Servier will share Phase 2 and Phase 3 development costs. The Company has determined that each potential future clinical, development and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. Under this agreement, Servier would be obligated to pay the Company between high-single digit and mid-teen royalties on net product sales in its territories.

The Company evaluated the research collaboration agreement with Servier and has determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company concluded that each option is substantive and that the license fees for each option are not deliverables at the inception of the arrangement and were not issued with a substantial discount. The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include an exclusivity clause to its technology, technical, scientific and intellectual property support to the research plan during the first year of the agreement and participation on an executive committee and a research and development committee. The Company determined that the performance obligations with respect to the pre-clinical development represent a single unit of accounting, since the license does not have stand-alone value to Servier without the Company’s technical expertise and committee participation. As such, the initial upfront license payment was deferred and initially recognized ratably over a 29-month period, which represented the expected development period. During 2014, the Company and Servier further refined the research plan related to the three DARTs and as such, the development period was extended. Based on this revised development period, the Company prospectively adjusted its period of recognition of the upfront payment to a 75-month period. The impact of this change in accounting estimate reduced revenue that would have been recognized in 2014 by $3.7 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2014, Servier exercised its exclusive option to develop and commercialize MGD006. As a result of the exercise, the Company received a $15.0 million payment from Servier for its license to develop and commercialize MGD006 in its territories. Upon exercise of the option, the Company evaluated its performance obligations with respect to the license for MGD006. The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include an exclusive license to its technology, technical, scientific and intellectual property support to the research plan and participation on an executive committee and a research and development committee. The Company determined that the performance obligations with respect to the clinical development represent a single unit of accounting, since the license does not have stand-alone value to Servier without the Company’s technical expertise and committee participation. As such, the $15.0 million license fee was deferred and is being recognized ratably over a period of 82 months, which represents the expected development period for MGD006. In accordance with the agreement, the Company and Servier will share costs incurred to develop MGD006. Reimbursement of research and development expenses received in connection with this collaborative cost-sharing agreement is recorded as a reduction to research and development expense. During the year ended December 31, 2014 the Company recorded approximately $1.0 million as an offset to research and development costs under this collaboration arrangement. No such offset was recorded in 2013 or 2012. As of December 31, 2014 the Company has a corresponding collaboration receivable, which is included in accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheet, of $0.8 million.

During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 the Company recognized revenue of $16.7 million, $8.6 million, and $2.0 million, respectively, under this agreement. Revenue during the year ended December 31, 2014 includes two $5.0 million milestone payments from Servier upon the achievement of clinical milestones related to the IND applications for MGD006 and MGD007 clearing the 30-day review period by the U.S. FDA. No milestones were recognized under this agreement during the years ended December 31, 2013 or 2012.

At December 31, 2014, $17.7 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $3.3 million of which was current and $14.4 million of which was long-term. At December 31, 2013, $9.4 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $8.6 million of which was current and $0.8 million of which was long-term.

Boehringer

In October 2010 the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Boehringer to discover, develop and commercialize up to ten DART-based molecules which span multiple therapeutic areas. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company granted Boehringer an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing, license under its intellectual property to research, develop, and market DARTs generated under the agreement throughout the world.

Upon execution of the agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $15.0 million. The Company subsequently received three annual maintenance payments. These maintenance payments are being recognized over the estimated period of development. The Company has the potential to earn milestone payments of approximately $41.0 million related to pre-clinical and clinical development, $89.0 million related to regulatory milestones and $83.0 million related to sales milestones for each of the DART programs under this agreement in the case of full commercial success of multiple DART products. The Company has determined that each potential future clinical, development and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. Boehringer also provides funding for the Company’s internal and external research costs and is required to pay the Company mid-single digit royalties on product sales.

The Company determined that the deliverables under the Boehringer agreement include the license, the research and development services to be performed by the Company, and the co-promotion/manufacturing services. The Company concluded that the co-promotional activities were optional and were subject to further negotiation upon reaching regulatory approval. As such, the co-promotional period is not included in the expected obligation period to perform services.

The Company concluded that the undelivered element of research and development services had fair value. The Company concluded that the license does not have value on a standalone basis (e.g. absent the provision of the research and development services) and therefore does not represent a separate unit of accounting. The Company concluded that because the drug candidate has not yet been developed, the license is of no value to Boehringer without the ensuing research and development activities using the DART technology, which is proprietary to the Company. Likewise, Boehringer could not sell the license to another party (without the Company agreeing to provide the research and development activities for the other party). Therefore, the upfront license fee and research and development services were treated as a combined unit of accounting and recognized over the expected obligation period associated with the research and development services through September 2015, which represents the estimated period of development.

The Company and Boehringer have also agreed to establish a joint research committee to facilitate the governance and oversight of the parties’ activities under the agreements. Management considered whether participation on the joint committee may be a deliverable and determined that it was not a deliverable. However, had management considered participation on the joint committee as a deliverable, it would not have had a material impact on the accounting for the arrangement as the period of participation in this committee matched the obligation period for the research and development services.

The Company recognized revenues of approximately $13.7 million, $14.4 million and $11.7 million during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, under this agreement. Revenue recognized in the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 included milestone payments of $2.0 million, $5.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively, for the achievement of clinical milestones. At December 31, 2014, $5.8 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, all of which was current. At December 31, 2013, $12.8 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $7.0 million of which was current and $5.8 million of which was long-term.

Pfizer

In October 2010, the Company entered into a three year agreement with Pfizer to discover, develop and commercialize up to two DART-based molecules. The Company granted Pfizer a non-exclusive worldwide, royalty-bearing license and received an upfront payment of $5.0 million and has received milestone payments and funding for the Company’s internal and external research costs under the agreement.

The Company is eligible to receive milestone payments of approximately $17.0 million related to pre-clinical and clinical development and $195.0 million related to commercialization and sales milestones for each DART program under this agreement. The Company has determined that each potential future technical and development milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. Pfizer is responsible for all pre-clinical and clinical development costs for the program. In addition, Pfizer is required to pay the Company mid-single digit to low-teen royalties on product sales. Under this collaboration, one DART program is currently being pursued and the Company completed its research obligations under this program in January 2014.

The Company has evaluated the research collaboration agreement with Pfizer and has determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include an exclusive license to its technology, research and development services and manufacturing services. The Company concluded that the manufacturing services were optional and were subject to further negotiation upon reaching regulatory approval. As such, the manufacturing services are not included in the expected obligation period to perform services.

The Company determined that it had fair value of the undelivered element of the research and development services. However, the Company concluded that the license does not have value on a standalone basis (e.g. absent the provision of the research and development services) and therefore does not represent a separate unit of accounting. Facts that were considered included the development of the candidate noting that because the drug candidate has not yet been developed, the license is of no value to Pfizer without the ensuing research and development activities using the DART technology, which is proprietary to the Company. Likewise, Pfizer could not sell the license to another party (without the Company agreeing to provide the research and development activities for the other party). Therefore, the upfront license fee and research and development services were treated as a combined unit of accounting and recognized over the expected obligation period associated with the research and development services through January 2014, which represents the estimated period of development.

The $5.0 million upfront payment received by the Company is non-refundable; therefore, there is no right of return for the license. The Company recognized revenue associated with this non-refundable up-front license fee through the expected obligation period associated with the research and development services, which ended in January 2014.

The Company and Pfizer have also agreed to establish a joint research committee to facilitate the governance and oversight of the parties’ activities under the agreements. Management considered whether participation on the joint committee may be a deliverable and determined that it was not a deliverable because it is a participating right and not an obligation of the Company. However, had management considered participation on the joint committee as a deliverable, it would not have had a material impact on the accounting for the arrangement.

The Company recognized revenues of approximately $0.1 million, $3.5 million and $5.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Included in the 2012 revenues are milestone payments totaling $0.5 million. No additional milestones have been achieved under this agreement through December 31, 2014.

At December 31, 2013, deferred revenue under this agreement was approximately $7,000. As of December 31, 2014, there was no remaining deferred revenue under this agreement.

Green Cross

In June 2010, the Company entered into a collaboration agreement with Green Cross for the development of the Company’s anti-HER2 antibody margetuximab. This arrangement grants Green Cross an exclusive license to conduct specified Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials and commercialize margetuximab in South Korea. In March 2014, the Company and Green Cross entered into an amendment to the original agreement, causing the terms of the original agreement to be materially modified.

Upon execution of the amendment, the Company became eligible to receive reimbursement for costs incurred for Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials up to $5.5 million as well as clinical development and commercial milestone payments of up to $2.5 million. The Company has determined that each potential clinical development and commercial milestone is substantive. The Company is also entitled to receive royalties on net sales of margetuximab in South Korea. The Company and Green Cross have formed a joint steering committee to coordinate and oversee activities on which the companies collaborate under the agreement.

The Company has evaluated the collaboration agreement with Green Cross and has determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables or performance obligations. As a result of the material modification to the arrangement in March 2014, the Company reassessed the entire arrangement in accordance with the guidance provided by ASC 605-25, Multiple Element Arrangements (Revenue Recognition) as the original agreement was accounted for prior to adopting ASU 2009-13. The Company’s substantive performance obligations under this agreement include an exclusive license to its technologies, research and development services, and participation in a joint steering committee. The Company concluded that the license and the reimbursements for research and development services do not have value on a standalone basis and therefore do not represent a separate unit of accounting.

The initial $1.0 million upfront payment received by the Company upon execution of the original agreement is non-refundable; as such, there is no right of return for the license. Therefore, the upfront license fee and participation on the joint steering committee were treated as a combined unit of accounting and will be recognized over the term of the agreement through June 2020. Further, due to the fact the research and development services are not deemed to have stand-alone value, revenue for those services should be recognized over the entire term of the agreement (through June 2020). As a result of reassessing the arrangement in accordance with ASC 605-25, the Company was required to record an adjustment on the date of the material modification to reflect the revenue that would have resulted had the entity applied the requirements of ASC 605-25 from the inception of the agreement. As a result, the Company recorded an additional $1.3 million of revenue during 2014.

The Company recognized revenues of approximately $1.7 million and $100,000 under this agreement during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. No milestones were achieved under this agreement during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.

At December 31, 2014, there was a $525,000 unbilled receivable balance under this agreement, which is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. At December 31, 2013, $650,000 of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $100,000 of which was current and $550,000 of which was non-current.

Eli Lilly

In October 2007, the Company entered into an exclusive license and collaboration agreement (together, the Agreements) with Eli Lilly to jointly develop and commercialize teplizumab, a humanized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. As part of the Agreements, Eli Lilly acquired the exclusive rights to the molecule.

Upon execution of the Agreements, Eli Lilly made a nonrefundable payment of $41.0 million to the Company. In May 2008, Eli Lilly paid the Company a milestone payment of $50.0 million and in May 2010, Eli Lilly paid an additional milestone of $5.0 million.

 

On October 28, 2010, Lilly notified the Company of its decision to terminate the agreement after review of one year of clinical data from the Protégé trial in Type 1 diabetes patients treated with teplizumab. Such data failed to support the primary efficacy end point in the study. In February 2011, the Company reacquired the commercial rights to the molecule from Eli Lilly. During the year ended December 31, 2012, Eli Lilly satisfied its obligation related to the cost of monitoring patients under the Protégé and Encore trials. The Company’s obligations continued through September 2012, which represented the follow up period for enrolled patients and the Company’s final reporting of the trial’s results. There is no additional clinical trial activity under the Eli Lilly Agreements as it relates to such trials. However, Eli Lilly continues to reimburse the Company for monitoring patients in one currently active trial.

During the years ended December 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company recognized revenue of $0.4 million, $0.8 million and $31.2 million, respectively, under this agreement. No milestones were achieved under this agreement during the three years ended December 31, 2014.