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Collaboration and Other Agreements
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Collaboration and License Agreements [Abstract]  
Collaboration and License Agreements
9. Collaboration and Other Agreements
 
Janssen Biotech, Inc.

In December 2014, the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Janssen for the development and commercialization of MGD011 (also known as JNJ-64052781), a product candidate that incorporates the Company's proprietary DART technology to simultaneously target CD19 and CD3 for the potential treatment of B-cell hematological malignancies. The Company contemporaneously entered into an agreement with JJDC under which JJDC agreed to purchase 1,923,077 new shares of the Company's common stock for proceeds of $75.0 million.  Upon closing the transaction in January 2015, the Company received a $50.0 million upfront payment from Janssen as well as the $75.0 million investment in the Company's common stock.  

Under the collaboration and license agreement, the Company granted an exclusive license to Janssen to develop and commercialize MGD011. Following the Company's submission of the Investigational New Drug (IND) application, Janssen became fully responsible for the development and commercialization of MGD011.   Assuming successful development and commercialization, the Company could receive up to $205.0 million in clinical milestone payments, $220.0 million in regulatory milestone payments and $150.0 million in sales milestone payments. The Company determined that each potential future clinical and regulatory milestone is substantive.  Although the sales milestones are not considered substantive, they will be recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time.  The Company may elect to fund a portion of late-stage clinical development in exchange for a profit share in the U.S. and Canada. If commercialized, the Company would be eligible to receive low double-digit royalties on any global net sales and has the option to co-promote the molecule with Janssen in the United States.

The Company evaluated the collaboration and license agreement with Janssen and determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations.  The Company's substantive performance obligations under the collaboration and license agreement include the delivery of an exclusive license and research and development services during the pre-clinical research period (through the filing of the IND for MGD011).   The Company evaluated the collaboration and license agreement with Janssen and determined that the license and pre-clinical research and development activities represented one unit of accounting, and thus the total arrangement consideration was allocated using the relative selling price method to the deliverables.  After identifying the deliverables included within the arrangement, the Company determined its best estimate of selling price for each of the deliverables.  The best estimate of selling price for the exclusive license was determined using a discounted cash flow model that includes level 3 fair value measurements. The best estimate of selling price for the research and development services was determined using third party evidence of other similar research and development arrangements, which are level 2 fair value measurements.

The Company evaluated the stock purchase agreement and the collaboration and license agreement as one arrangement and determined that the stock purchase price of $39.00 per share exceeded the fair value of the common stock by $12.3 million. This excess was recognized in the same manner as the upfront payment.  Of the total arrangement consideration of $125.0 million, the Company allocated $62.7 million to equity (representing the fair value of common stock purchased), $62.3 million to the license and pre-clinical research and development activities, and a de minimis amount to the ongoing research and development activities.  The Company submitted the IND and therefore met its performance obligation during the year ended December 31, 2015.

In July 2015, Janssen dosed the first patient in an open-label Phase 1 study of MGD011 which triggered a $10.0 million milestone to the Company.  During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized revenues of approximately $72.3 million under the agreement.

Takeda
 
In May 2014, the Company entered into a license and option agreement with Takeda for the development and commercialization of MGD010, a product candidate that incorporates the Company's proprietary DART technology to simultaneously engage CD32B and CD79B, which are two B-cell surface proteins.  MGD010 is being developed for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.  Upon execution of the agreement, Takeda made a non-refundable payment of $15.0 million to the Company.  Takeda has an option to obtain an exclusive worldwide license for MGD010 following the completion of a pre-defined Phase 1a study. The Company will lead all product development activities until that time. If Takeda exercises its option, it will assume responsibility for future development and pay the Company a license fee of $15.0 million. Assuming successful development and commercialization of MGD010, the Company is eligible to receive up to $93.0 million in clinical and regulatory milestone payments and $375.5 million in sales milestone payments. If commercialized, the Company would receive low double-digit to high-teen royalties on any global net sales and has the option to co-promote MGD010 with Takeda in the United States. Finally, the Company may elect to fund a portion of Phase 3 clinical development in exchange for a North American profit share.
 
The Company evaluated the license and option agreement with Takeda and has determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company's substantive performance obligations under the license and option agreement include exclusivity, research and development services through the Phase 1a study and delivery of a future license for an initial research compound.  The Company concluded that the MGD010 option is substantive and that the license fee payable upon exercise of the option is not a deliverable at the inception of the arrangement as there is considerable uncertainty that the option would be exercised. The Company determined that each potential future clinical and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time.   The Company determined that these performance obligations represent a single unit of accounting, because the exclusivity clause does not have stand-alone value to Takeda without the Company's technical expertise and development through the pre-defined Phase 1a study.

After identifying the deliverables included within the arrangement, the Company determined its best estimate of selling price.  The Company allocated $10.0 million to the exclusivity clause to its technology and the research and development services and $5.0 million to the exclusive license for the initial research compound.  The Company's determination of best estimate of selling price for the research and development services relied upon other similar transactions.  The Company relied upon the income approach (e.g., future cash flows) to determine the value of the license of the to-be-delivered compound along with other similar license transactions with differing indications but similar stage of development. The portion of the up-front fee allocated to the MGD010 option is being recognized over an initial 24-month period, which represents the expected period of development through the completion of a pre-defined Phase 1a study.  The portion of the up-front fee allocated to the license for the initial research compound was deferred until the research collaboration and license option agreement was executed and the license delivered.

The Company recognized revenue of approximately $8.0 million and $3.0 million under the MGD010 agreement during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.  Revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2015 included a $3.0 million milestone payment received upon initiation of a Phase 1a trial of MGD010.   At December 31, 2015, $2.1 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, all of which was current.  At December 31, 2014, $7.1 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $5.0 million of which was current and $2.1 million of which was non-current.
 
In September 2014, the Company and Takeda executed a research collaboration and license option agreement, which formalized the license for the initial research compound contemplated in the May 2014 arrangement. Under the terms of the agreement, Takeda may identify up to three additional compounds, which will be subject to separate research and development plans.  The Company determined that it could recognize the entire license fee allocated to this agreement as (1) the executed contract constituted persuasive evidence of an arrangement, (2) the delivery of the license occurred and the Company had no current or future performance obligations, (3) the total consideration for the license was fixed and known at the time of its execution and there were not any extended payment terms or rights of return, and (4) the cash was received.  The Company is also entitled to receive reimbursements for research and development services provided to Takeda with respect to the initial research compound under a separate research plan.  The Company recognized revenue of approximately $1.3 million and $5.0 million under this agreement during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Revenue during the year ended December 31, 2014 includes the $5.0 million license fee.

Takeda terminated its option to license the first program under this research collaboration agreement in 2015 and retains an option for three others.

 
Gilead
 
In January 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with Gilead for the research, development and commercialization of up to four DART molecules.  The time period for Gilead's exercise of three of the four options has expired.  The Company received an initial $7.5 million license fee for the first DART molecule, and is eligible to receive an additional license fee of $7.5 million for the one remaining DART molecule if it is selected by Gilead.  The Company is further entitled to receive up to an additional $20.0 million in pre-clinical milestones and up to $247.5 million in additional clinical, regulatory and sales milestones if Gilead exercises its remaining option and achieves all of the requisite milestones.  
 
The Company determined that any remaining licenses are conditional deliverables, which are substantive options that were not granted with a substantial discount. The Company determined that each potential future clinical, development and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. Gilead also provides funding for the Company's internal and external research costs under the agreement. Additionally, Gilead would be obligated to pay the Company high single-digit to low double-digit royalties on product sales.
 
The Company evaluated the research collaboration agreement with Gilead and determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company's substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include a license to its technology and research and development services. The Company concluded that the deliverables do not have stand-alone value and therefore, represent a combined single unit of accounting. Due to the lack of stand-alone value for the license and research and development services, the combined unit of accounting (the upfront payment and the expected research and development reimbursements) was recognized ratably over a period of 21 months, which represented the expected development period.

The Company and Gilead have also agreed to establish a joint research committee to facilitate the governance and oversight of the parties' activities under the agreements. Management considered whether participation on the joint committee may be a deliverable and determined that it was not a deliverable. Had management considered participation on the joint committee as a deliverable, it would not have had a material impact on the accounting for the arrangement.
 
The Company did not recognize any revenue under this agreement for the year ended December 31, 2015.  The Company recognized revenues of approximately $5.5 million and $8.0 million under this agreement for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. There was no deferred revenue under this agreement at December 31, 2015 or 2014.  No milestones have been achieved under this agreement.
 
Servier
 
In November 2011, the Company entered into a right-to-develop collaboration agreement with Servier under which the Company granted Servier an option to obtain an exclusive license to develop and commercialize enoblituzumab.  In October 2015, Servier notified the Company that they would not exercise this option and this agreement terminated.

Upon execution of the agreement, Servier made a nonrefundable payment of $20.0 million to the Company. The Company's substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include an exclusivity clause to its technology, technical, scientific and intellectual property support to the research plan and participation on an executive committee and a research and development committee. The Company determined that these performance obligations represent a single unit of accounting, since the license does not have stand-alone value to Servier without the Company's technical expertise and committee participation. As such, the initial upfront payment was deferred and was being recognized ratably over the initial 27-month period, which represented the expected period of development and the Company's participation on the research and development committee. During 2014, the Company determined that the development period will last longer than originally estimated, and prospectively adjusted its period of recognition of the upfront payment to a 42-month period.

During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 the Company recognized revenue of $0.1 million, $0.7 million and $21.3 million, respectively, under this agreement.  Revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2013 included a $10.0 million substantive milestone payment received upon dosing the first patient in a Phase 1 dose expansion cohort trial of enoblituzumab.

At December 31, 2014, $0.1 million of revenue remained deferred under this agreement, all of which was current.  There was no deferred revenue under this agreement at December 31, 2015.

In September 2012, the Company entered into a second right-to-develop collaboration agreement with Servier and granted it options to obtain three separate exclusive licenses to develop and commercialize DART molecules, consisting of those designated by the Company as MGD006 (also known as S80880) and MGD007, as well as a third DART molecule, in all countries other than the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, South Korea and India.

Upon execution of the agreement, Servier made a nonrefundable payment of $20.0 million to the Company. In addition, the Company will be eligible to receive up to $65.0 million in license fees, $98.0 million in clinical milestone payments, including $5.0 million upon IND acceptance for each of MGD006, MGD007 and a third DART molecule, $300.0 million in regulatory milestone payments and $630.0 million in sales milestone payments if Servier exercises all of the options and successfully develops, obtains regulatory approval for, and commercializes a product under each license. In addition to these milestones, the Company and Servier will share Phase 2 and Phase 3 development costs. The Company has determined that each potential future clinical and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. Under this agreement, Servier would be obligated to pay the Company from low double-digit to mid-teen royalties on net product sales in its territories.

The Company evaluated the research collaboration agreement with Servier and determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company concluded that each option is substantive and that the license fees for each option are not deliverables at the inception of the arrangement and were not issued with a substantial discount. The Company's substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include an exclusivity clause to its technology, technical, scientific and intellectual property support to the research plan and participation on an executive committee and a research and development committee. The Company determined that the performance obligations with respect to the pre-clinical development represent a single unit of accounting, since the license does not have stand-alone value to Servier without the Company's technical expertise and committee participation. As such, the initial upfront license payment was deferred and initially recognized ratably over a 29-month period, which represented the expected development period. During 2014, the Company and Servier further refined the research plan related to the three DART molecules and as such, the development period was extended.  Based on this revised development period, the Company prospectively adjusted its period of recognition of the upfront payment to a 75-month period. The impact of this change in accounting estimate reduced revenue that would have been recognized in 2014 by $3.7 million.

During 2014, Servier exercised its exclusive option to develop and commercialize MGD006.  As a result of the exercise, the Company received a $15.0 million payment from Servier for its license to develop and commercialize MGD006 in its territories.  Upon exercise of the option, the Company evaluated its performance obligations with respect to the license for MGD006. The Company's substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include an exclusive license to its technology, technical, scientific and intellectual property support to the research plan and participation on an executive committee and a research and development committee. The Company determined that the performance obligations with respect to the clinical development represent a single unit of accounting, since the license does not have stand-alone value to Servier without the Company's technical expertise and committee participation. As such, the $15.0 million license fee was deferred and is being recognized ratably over a period of 82 months, which represents the expected development period for MGD006.  In accordance with the agreement, the Company and Servier will share costs incurred to develop MGD006.  Reimbursement of research and development expenses received in connection with this collaborative cost-sharing agreement is recorded as a reduction to research and development expense.  During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 the Company recorded approximately $0.5 million and $1.0 million as an offset to research and development costs under this collaboration arrangement, respectively. No such offset was recorded in 2013.  

During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 the Company recognized revenue of $3.5 million, $16.7 million, and $8.6 million, respectively, under this agreement.  Revenue during the year ended December 31, 2014 includes two $5.0 million milestone payments from Servier upon the achievement of clinical milestones related to the IND applications for MGD006 and MGD007 clearing the 30-day review period by the U.S. FDA.  No milestones were recognized under this agreement during the years ended December 31, 2015 or 2013.

At December 31, 2015, $14.4 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $3.3 million of which was current and $11.1 million of which was non-current. At December 31, 2014, $17.7 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $3.3 million of which was current and $14.4 million of which was non-current. 

Boehringer
 
In October 2010 the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Boehringer to discover, develop and commercialize multiple DART molecules that were to be evaluated during a five-year period that ended in October 2015. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company granted Boehringer an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing, license under its intellectual property to research, develop, and market DART molecules generated under the agreement.

Upon execution of the agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $15.0 million. The Company subsequently received three annual maintenance payments. These maintenance payments were being recognized over the estimated period of development. The Company has the potential to earn additional milestone payments of approximately $34.0 million related to pre-clinical and clinical development, $88.5 million related to regulatory milestones and $82.5 million related to sales milestones for each of the two ongoing programs under this agreement. The Company determined that each potential future pre-clinical, clinical and regulatory milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. Boehringer would be required to pay the Company mid-single digit royalties on product sales.

The Company determined that the deliverables under the Boehringer agreement include the license, the research and development services to be performed by the Company, and the co-promotion/manufacturing services. The Company concluded that the co-promotional activities were optional and were subject to further negotiation upon reaching regulatory approval. As such, the co-promotional period is not included in the expected obligation period to perform services.

The Company concluded that the undelivered element of research and development services had fair value. The Company concluded that the license does not have value on a standalone basis (e.g. absent the provision of the research and development services) and therefore does not represent a separate unit of accounting. The Company concluded that because the drug candidate has not yet been developed, the license is of no value to Boehringer without the ensuing research and development activities using the DART technology, which is proprietary to the Company. Likewise, Boehringer could not sell the license to another party (without the Company agreeing to provide the research and development activities for the other party). Therefore, the upfront license fee and research and development services were treated as a combined unit of accounting and recognized over the expected obligation period associated with the research and development services through October 2015, which represented the estimated period of development.

The Company and Boehringer also agreed to establish a joint research committee to facilitate the governance and oversight of the parties' activities under the agreements. Management considered whether participation on the joint committee may be a deliverable and determined that it was not a deliverable. However, had management considered participation on the joint committee as a deliverable, it would not have had a material impact on the accounting for the arrangement as the period of participation in this committee matched the obligation period for the research and development services.

The Company recognized revenues of approximately $12.5 million, $13.7 million and $14.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, under this agreement. Revenue recognized in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 included milestone payments of $5.0 million, $2.0 million and $5.0 million, respectively, for the achievement of clinical milestones. At December 31, 2015, no revenue was deferred under this agreement. At December 31, 2014, $5.8 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, all of which was current.

Pfizer
 
In October 2010, the Company entered into a three year agreement with Pfizer, Inc. (Pfizer) to discover, develop and commercialize up to two DART molecules. The Company granted Pfizer a non-exclusive worldwide, royalty-bearing license and received an upfront payment of $5.0 million and has received milestone payments and funding for the Company's internal and external research costs under the agreement.

The Company is eligible to receive milestone payments of approximately $17.0 million related to pre-clinical and clinical development and $195.0 million related to commercialization and sales milestones for the DART program licensed under this agreement. The Company has determined that each potential future technical and development milestone is substantive. Although sales milestones are not considered substantive, they are still recognized upon achievement of the milestone (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met) because there are no undelivered elements that would preclude revenue recognition at that time. Pfizer is responsible for all pre-clinical and clinical development costs for the program. In addition, Pfizer is required to pay the Company mid-single digit to low-teen royalties on product sales. Under this collaboration, one DART program is currently being pursued and the Company completed its research obligations under this program in January 2014.

The Company evaluated the research collaboration agreement with Pfizer and determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables, or performance obligations. The Company's substantive performance obligations under this research collaboration include an exclusive license to its technology, research and development services and manufacturing services. The Company concluded that the manufacturing services were optional and were subject to further negotiation upon reaching regulatory approval. As such, the manufacturing services are not included in the expected obligation period to perform services.

The Company determined that it had fair value of the undelivered element of the research and development services. However, the Company concluded that the license does not have value on a standalone basis (e.g. absent the provision of the research and development services) and therefore does not represent a separate unit of accounting. Facts that were considered included the development of the candidate noting that because the drug candidate has not yet been developed, the license is of no value to Pfizer without the ensuing research and development activities using the DART technology, which is proprietary to the Company. Likewise, Pfizer could not sell the license to another party (without the Company agreeing to provide the research and development activities for the other party). Therefore, the upfront license fee and research and development services were treated as a combined unit of accounting and recognized over the expected obligation period associated with the research and development services through January 2014, which represented the estimated period of development.

The $5.0 million upfront payment received by the Company is non-refundable; therefore, there is no right of return for the license. The Company recognized revenue associated with this non-refundable up-front license fee through the expected obligation period associated with the research and development services, which ended in January 2014.

The Company and Pfizer also agreed to establish a joint research committee to facilitate the governance and oversight of the parties' activities under the agreements. Management considered whether participation on the joint committee may be a deliverable and determined that it was not a deliverable because it is a participating right and not an obligation of the Company. However, had management considered participation on the joint committee as a deliverable, it would not have had a material impact on the accounting for the arrangement.

The Company recognized revenues of approximately $0.5 million, $0.1 million and $3.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Included in the 2015 revenues are milestone payments totaling $0.5 million.

As of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, there was no remaining deferred revenue under this agreement.

Green Cross
 
In June 2010, the Company entered into a collaboration agreement with Green Cross for the development of the Company's anti-HER2 antibody margetuximab. This arrangement grants Green Cross an exclusive license to conduct specified Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials and commercialize margetuximab in South Korea. In March 2014, the Company and Green Cross entered into an amendment to the original agreement, causing the terms of the original agreement to be materially modified.

Upon execution of the amendment, the Company became eligible to receive reimbursement for costs incurred for Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials up to $5.5 million as well as clinical development and commercial milestone payments of up to $2.5 million. The Company determined that each potential clinical development and commercial milestone is substantive. The Company is also entitled to receive royalties on net sales of margetuximab in South Korea. The Company and Green Cross have formed a joint steering committee to coordinate and oversee activities on which the companies collaborate under the agreement.

The Company evaluated the collaboration agreement with Green Cross and determined that it is a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables or performance obligations. As a result of the material modification to the arrangement in March 2014, the Company reassessed the entire arrangement in accordance with the guidance provided by ASC 605-25, Multiple Element Arrangements (Revenue Recognition) as the original agreement was accounted for prior to adopting ASU 2009-13. The Company's substantive performance obligations under this agreement include an exclusive license to its technologies, research and development services, and participation in a joint steering committee. The Company concluded that the license and the reimbursements for research and development services do not have value on a standalone basis and therefore do not represent a separate unit of accounting.

The initial $1.0 million upfront payment received by the Company upon execution of the original agreement is non-refundable; as such, there is no right of return for the license. Therefore, the upfront license fee and participation on the joint steering committee were treated as a combined unit of accounting and will be recognized over the term of the agreement through June 2020. Further, due to the fact the research and development services are not deemed to have stand-alone value, revenue for those services will be recognized over the entire term of the agreement (through June 2020). As a result of reassessing the arrangement in accordance with ASC 605-25, the Company was required to record an adjustment on the date of the material modification to reflect the revenue that would have resulted had the entity applied the requirements of ASC 605-25 from the inception of the agreement.  As a result, the Company recorded an additional $1.3 million of revenue during 2014.

The Company recognized revenues of approximately $0.5 million, $1.7 million and $0.1 million under this agreement during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  No milestones were achieved under this agreement during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.

At December 31, 2015, $2.0 million of revenue was deferred under this agreement, $0.4 million of which was current and $1.6 million of which was non-current.  At December 31, 2014, there was a $0.5 million unbilled receivable balance under this agreement, which is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.  


NIAID Contract

The Company entered into a contract with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), effective as of September 15, 2015, to perform product development and to advance up to two DART molecules, including MGD014. Under this contract, the Company will develop these product candidates for Phase 1/2 clinical trials as therapeutic agents, in combination with latency reversing treatments, to deplete cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This contract includes a base period of $7.5 million to support development of MGD014 through IND application submission with the FDA, as well as up to $17.0 million in additional development funding via NIAID options. Should NIAID fully exercise such options, the Company could receive total payments of up to $24.5 million. The total potential period of performance under the award is from September 15, 2015 through September 14, 2022. The Company recognized $0.2 million in revenue under this contract during the year ended December 31, 2015.