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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The following stock-based compensation amounts were recognized for the periods indicated (in thousands):

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
Research and development
 
$
1,403
  
$
916
  
$
4,243
  
$
2,607
 
General and administrative
  
1,600
   
1,182
   
4,883
   
3,024
 
Total stock-based compensation expense
 
$
3,003
  
$
2,098
  
$
9,126
  
$
5,631
 

Valuation Assumptions Using the Black-Scholes Option-Pricing Model
The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model using the assumptions in the following table:

 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
Expected dividend yield
0%
 
0%
Expected volatility
 63.7 % - 67.7 %
 
74 % - 75 %
Risk-free interest rate
1.2% - 2.1%
 
1.6% - 2.1%
Expected term
6.25 years
 
6.25 years

Stock Option Activity
The following table summarizes stock option and restricted stock unit (RSU) activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2016:

  
Shares
  
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
  
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(Years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands)
 
Outstanding, December 31, 2015
  
4,146,064
  
$
16.90
   
7.4
   
Granted
  
346,524
   
22.50
       
Exercised
  
(469,442
)
  
3.07
       
Forfeited or expired
  
(166,494
)
  
26.50
       
Outstanding, September 30, 2016
  
3,856,652
   
18.67
   
7.2
  
$
45,214
 
As of September 30, 2016:
                
Exercisable
  
2,160,650
   
12.86
   
6.1
   
37,400
 
Vested and expected to vest
  
3,654,153
   
18.32
   
7.1
   
44,082