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Income Taxes (Notes)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]
(18)     Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was (4.8)% compared with (3.4)% for the corresponding period in the prior year. The effective income tax rate is based on estimated income for the year, the estimated composition of the income in different jurisdictions and discrete adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods, including retroactive changes in tax legislation, settlements of tax audits or assessments, and the resolution or identification of tax position uncertainties.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the effective tax rate was lower than the statutory tax rate primarily due to the Company maintaining a valuation allowance reserve on its US deferred tax assets and to the composition of income from foreign jurisdictions taxed at lower rates.

The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), which was signed into law on December 22, 2017, has resulted in significant changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system. These changes include a federal statutory rate reduction from 35% to 21%, the elimination or reduction of certain domestic deductions and credits and limitations on the deductibility of interest expense and executive compensation. The 2017 Tax Act also transitions international taxation from a worldwide system to a modified territorial system and includes base erosion prevention measures on non-U.S. earnings, which has the effect of subjecting certain earnings of our foreign subsidiaries to U.S. taxation as global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI).
The Securities and Exchange Commission released Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 118 to provide guidance to companies on how to implement the accounting and disclosure changes as a result of the Tax Act. The SEC staff guidance has recognized that, due to the complexity and timing of the release of the Tax Act, the accounting for this change in the law may be incomplete upon issuance of a company's financial statements for the reporting period in which the Tax Act was enacted. SAB No. 118 states that if a company can determine a reasonable estimate for the effects of the Tax Act then this estimate can be included in the financial statements. The Company made a preliminary estimate of the Transition Toll Tax and the remeasurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017. The preliminary estimate is subject to change as we finalize our analysis and as interpretations of the provisions of the 2017 Tax Act continue to develop. The final determination of the Transition Toll Tax and the remeasurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities will be completed as additional information becomes available, but no later than one year from the enactment of the 2017 Tax Act. U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions interpreting the 2017 Tax Act may require further adjustments and changes in our estimates, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows. The Company has not recorded any changes to this estimate for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The Company can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or provide for the tax expense related to GILTI resulting from those items in the year the tax is incurred. As of the date of this report, the Company is still evaluating the guidance and has not made a policy election related to the treatment of the GILTI tax. 

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had reserves for uncertain tax positions of $1,631 and $1,570, respectively. The Company incurred $23 in interest and penalties for the three months ended March 31, 2018, which were recorded as a component of income tax expense. There were no material changes during the three months ended March 31, 2018 to the Company’s reserve for uncertain tax positions. The Company estimates that it is reasonably possible that the balance of unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2018 may decrease $235 in the next twelve months as a result of a lapse of statutes of limitations and settlements with taxing authorities.

The Company’s tax jurisdictions include the United States, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Cyprus, Norway, Brazil, Singapore, Belgium, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, India and Japan. In general, the statute of limitations with respect to the Company's United States federal income taxes has expired for years prior to 2014, and the relevant state and foreign statutes vary. However, preceding years remain open to examination by United States federal and state and foreign taxing authorities to the extent of future utilization of net operating losses and research and development tax credits generated in each preceding year.