
	Current		Deferred		Total
Year ended December 31, 2020
Federal	$	240	$	—	$	240
State	—		—		—
Foreign	321		(387)		(66)
	$	561	$	(387)	$	174
Year ended December 31, 2019
Federal	$	(196)	$	(4,741)	$	(4,937)
State	(28)		(29)		(57)
Foreign	1,143		(152)		991
	$	919	$	(4,922)	$	(4,003)

Actual income tax expense (benefit) differs from the “expected” income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the United States Federal statutory income tax rate of 21% for both 2020 and 2019 to loss before tax expense, as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Income tax benefit at Federal statutory income tax rate	$	(4,571)	$	(4,203)
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:
State income tax benefit, net of federal benefit	(600)		(610)
State research and development, investment credits	(213)		71
Non-deductible meals & entertainment	22		36
Non-deductible stock compensation expense	19		18
Foreign tax rate differential	235		(4)
Federal research and development credits	(707)		(490)
Uncertain tax positions	39		(110)
Provision to tax return adjustments	144		21
Change in valuation allowance	3,980		934
Loss on legal entity dissolution	—		244
Impairment of goodwill and intangibles	1,834		—
Other	(8)		90
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	174	$	(4,003)


	December 31,
	2020		2019
Deferred tax assets:
Accounts receivable, due to allowance for doubtful accounts	$	221	$	373
Inventories	1,209		776
Operating loss carry-forwards	2,744		1,343
Stock-based compensation expense	874		807
Property and equipment, due to difference in depreciation	841		47
Research and development tax credit carry-forwards	5,640		5,243
Foreign tax credit carry-forwards	2,345		2,345
State tax credit carry-forwards	3,838		3,146
Capitalized research and development	3,154		3,263
Warranty reserve	429		523
Accrued expenses	1,216		845
Lease liability	1,574		1,378
Gross deferred tax assets	24,085		20,089
Less valuation allowance	(22,432)		(18,452)
Total deferred tax assets	1,653		1,637
Deferred tax liabilities:
Purchased intangible assets	(384)		(844)
Property and equipment, due to differences in depreciation	(50)		(132)
Right of use asset	(1,564)		(1,378)

Total deferred tax liabilities	(1,998)		(2,354)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(345)	$	(717)
Deferred income tax asset	$	73	$	45
Deferred income tax liability	$	(418)	$	(762)

As of December 31, 2020 the Company has federal and state tax loss carryforwards of approximately $9,180 and $12,317, respectively. The federal loss carryforward has no expiration date. The state losses expire through the year 2040. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had federal research and development tax credit carry-forwards in the amount of $5,631 and other general business credits of $9 that expire in years 2028 through 2040. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had foreign tax credit carry-forwards in the amount of $2,345 that expire in years 2026 through 2027. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had state research and development tax credit carry-forwards in the amount of $4,772 that expire in years 2021 through 2027. The Company also had other state tax credit carry-forwards of $86 available to reduce future state tax expense that expire in years 2021 through 2027.

The Company’s ability to utilize these net operating loss carry-forwards and tax credit carry-forwards may be limited in the future if the Company experiences an ownership change pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382. An ownership change occurs when the ownership percentages of 5% or greater stockholders change by more than 50% over a three-year period.

In assessing the realizability of its net deferred tax assets, the Company considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2020, the Company concluded that a net increase of $3,980 of the valuation allowance was appropriate. The change was the result of an increase in domestic tax credit and net operating loss balances offset by a decrease attributed to the derecognition of foreign net operating losses. As part of the Company’s analysis, the Company evaluated, among other factors, its recent history of generating tax losses and its near-term forecasts of future taxable income or losses.

As of December 31, 2020, unremitted foreign earnings, which were not significant, have been retained by the Company's foreign subsidiaries for indefinite reinvestment. Upon repatriation of those earnings, in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company could be subject to state tax and withholding taxes payable to various foreign countries.

The Company establishes reserves for uncertain tax positions based on management’s assessment of exposure associated with tax deductions, permanent tax differences, and tax credits. The tax reserves are analyzed periodically and adjustments are made as events occur that warrant adjustment to the reserve. The Company's policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1	$	1,897	$	494
Gross (decrease) increase in unrecognized tax benefits - prior year tax positions	(105)		1,524
Gross increase in unrecognized tax benefits - current year tax positions	—		78
Lapse of statute of limitations	(21)		(199)
Unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31	$	1,771	$	1,897

The Company recorded interest and penalties of $61 and $11 in its consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Total accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions taken on our tax returns and included in non-current income taxes payable was approximately $208 and $147 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The timing of any resolution of income tax examinations is highly uncertain, as are the amounts and timing of any settlement payment. These events could cause fluctuations in the balance sheet classification of current and non-current assets and liabilities. The Company estimates that it is reasonably possible that the balance of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2020 may decrease approximately $25 in the next twelve months as a result of a lapse of statutes of limitation and settlements with taxing authorities.

The Company’s tax jurisdictions include the United States, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Cyprus, Norway, Brazil, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, and India. In general, the statute of limitations with respect to the Company's United States federal income taxes has expired for years prior to 2017, and the relevant state and foreign statutes vary. However, preceding years remain open to examination by United States federal and state and foreign taxing authorities to the extent of future utilization of net operating losses and research and development tax credits generated in each preceding year.