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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a)Description of Business KVH Industries, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the Company or KVH) designs, develops, manufactures and markets mobile connectivity products and services for the marine and land markets. KVH’s satellite-only and hybrid products enable marine customers to receive data, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), and value-added services via satellite, cellular, and shore-based Wi-Fi networks onboard commercial, leisure, and military/government vessels. In addition, the Company’s in-motion television terminals permit customers to receive live digital television via regional satellite services in marine vessels, recreational vehicles, buses and automobiles. KVH sells its products through an extensive international network of dealers and distributors. KVH also sells and leases products to service providers and end users. KVH’s service sales represent primarily revenue earned from satellite Internet airtime services. KVH provides, for monthly fixed and per-usage fees, satellite connectivity encompassing broadband Internet and VoIP services, to its TracNet H-series and TracPhone V-series customers via KVH’s global high-throughput satellite (HTS) network. Cellular airtime service increasingly supplements KVH’s satellite-only airtime revenue following the July 2022 launch of the KVH ONE hybrid network and TracNet H-series terminals. This product and service combination integrates global satellite service with KVH-provided cellular service in more than 150 countries, along with shore-based Wi-Fi access. AgilePlans, KVH’s connectivity as a service offering, is a monthly subscription model that provides global connectivity to commercial maritime customers. The subscription includes the choice of satellite-only and hybrid terminals, airtime data service, VoIP, daily news, subsidized shipping and installation, and global support for a monthly fee with no minimum contract commitment. KVH offers AgilePlans subscribers a variety of airtime data plans with varying data speeds and fixed data usage levels with per megabyte overage charges. These airtime plans are similar to those the Company offers to customers who elect to purchase or lease a TracNet H-series or TracPhone V-series terminal. The Company recognizes the monthly AgilePlans subscription fee as service revenue over the service delivery period. The Company retains ownership of the hardware it provides to AgilePlans customers, who must return the hardware to KVH if they decide to terminate the service. Because KVH does not sell the hardware under AgilePlans, the Company does not recognize any product revenue when the hardware is deployed to an AgilePlans customer. KVH records the cost of the hardware used by AgilePlans customers as revenue-generating assets and depreciates the cost over an estimated useful life of five years. Since the Company is retaining ownership of the hardware, it does not accrue any warranty costs for AgilePlans hardware; however, any maintenance costs on the hardware is expensed in the period these costs are incurred. Service sales also include the distribution of commercially licensed entertainment, including news, sports, and movies to commercial customers in the maritime and hotel markets through the KVH Media Group, along with supplemental value-added services. In addition, KVH earns monthly usage fees from third-party satellite connectivity services, including VoIP, data and Internet services, provided to its Inmarsat and Iridium customers who choose to activate their subscriptions with KVH. Service sales also include sales from product repairs and extended warranty sales. On August 9, 2022, the Company sold its inertial navigation business to EMCORE Corporation for gross proceeds of $55,000, less specified deductions and a holdback of $1,000 and subject to a working capital adjustment. The working finalized capital adjustment, which resulted in a payment of $96 to EMCORE, was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2022. The holdback was released to the Company on August 17, 2022. On August 9, 2022, the Company also entered into a Transition Services Agreement with EMCORE, pursuant to which the Company agreed to provide certain transition services to support the continued operation of the inertial navigation business for six months following the sale with two extension options of three months each. The fee is comprised of both fixed monthly fees of approximately $100 as well as variable amounts for certain additional services with escalation increases on the fixed and variable rates for each extension option. The Company does not have any continuing involvement in these operations other than short-term transition services, which are being recorded as an offset to general and administrative expenses in continuing operations. As of December 31, 2022, the company recognized $923 of contra-expense associated with the Transition Services Agreement. The Company determined that the sale met the requirements for reporting as discontinued operations in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 205-20. Please see Note 16 for the discontinued operations disclosures. (b)Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements of KVH Industries, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. All of the operating expenses of the subsidiaries that serve as the Company’s European, Singaporean, Japanese, and Brazilian international distributors are reflected within sales, marketing, and support within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The 2022 consolidated financial statements reflect the sale of the inertial navigation business as discontinued operations. See Note 16 for further information on the sale of the inertial navigation business. (c)Significant Estimates and Assumptions and Other Significant Non-Recurring Transactions The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the reporting periods. The 2021 consolidated financial statements reflect a $6,979 gain in other income related to the U.S. Small Business Administration’s forgiveness of the PPP loan during the third quarter of 2021. See Note 5. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its significant estimates, including those related to terminal values and other assumptions and estimates used to evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets and goodwill and estimated fair values of long-lived assets, including goodwill, amortization methods and periods. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management Transition and Restructuring On March 7, 2022, the Company announced that its President and Chief Executive Officer, Martin Kits van Heyningen, was retiring from his executive and Board roles after more than 40 years of service and assuming a consulting position with the Company. Brent C. Bruun, its then Chief Operating Officer, was appointed as its interim President and Chief Executive Officer. Subsequently, on June 15, 2022, he was appointed as its President and Chief Executive Officer and as a Class II member of the Board of Directors. As of March 31, 2022, the Company accrued approximately $539 in consulting fees associated with a maximum of 50 hours of transition services through March 2023, which is being paid to Mr. Kits van Heyningen over the 12 months following his retirement. Approximately $90 is accrued as of December 31, 2022. In addition, the Company agreed to a separation payment of $201, which was inclusive of any amount which he may have otherwise earned under the executive bonus plan for 2021, which was paid in April 2022. The associated expenses were included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. There were also modifications to Mr. Kits van Heyningen's stock option and restricted stock awards. Please see Note 7 for further discussion. In March 2022, the Company also restructured its operations to reduce costs and pursue a more focused strategy. The Company reduced its workforce by approximately 10% and began incurring reduced expenses from these actions beginning in the second quarter of 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred $1,844 in severance and health insurance costs and $327 in legal and advisory fees in connection with this restructuring. The combined expense of $2,171 was included in the financial statement line items of the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as follows: costs of product sales of $12, costs of service sales of $58, research and development of $365, sales, marketing and support of $935, and general and administrative expenses of $801. The Company also modified impacted employee's stock option and restricted stock awards. Please see Note 7 for further discussion. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company restructured its foreign operations by closing its India and Cyprus offices and its Denmark warehouse to reduce costs. Approximately $388 of severance payments, other employee benefits, and legal and advisory fees were incurred in connection with this restructuring for the year ended December 31, 2022. Dispositions; Termination of Credit Facility On April 29, 2022, KVH Media Group Limited, the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, sold its subsidiary KVH Media Group Entertainment Limited for net cash proceeds of $2,378. This transaction did not meet the criteria for reporting as discontinued operations under ASC 205-20. The Company recorded a gain on the sale of $682, which is recorded in other income, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. See Note 9 for the reduction of goodwill and intangibles associated with the KVH Media Group reporting unit as it relates to the sale of this subsidiary. On August 9, 2022, the Company sold its inertial navigation business to EMCORE Corporation. Please see Notes 16 for further discussion. On August 9, 2022, the Company also terminated its senior secured credit facility agreement (the 2018 Credit Agreement) and the related security and pledge agreements with Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent. At the time of termination, no borrowings were outstanding under the 2018 Credit Agreement. With the termination of this agreement, all associated liens were released. Executive Employment Agreements In May 2022, the Company entered into executive employment agreements with each of Brent C. Bruun, Roger A. Kuebel, Felise Feingold and Robert Balog in order to retain their services and provide them with certain benefits in the event that the Company terminated the executive’s employment without cause (as defined in the agreement) or the executive terminated his or her employment for good reason (as defined in the agreement), including following a change of control. The terms of the agreements are substantially identical except as to title, salary, target bonus and reporting responsibilities. The agreements provide that, if the executive continued to serve as an employee through December 31, 2022 (the “Retention Date”), the Company would pay the executive a retention bonus equal to 75% of the executive’s base salary on the agreement date, and the Company would accelerate the vesting of the executive’s equity awards that would otherwise have vested in the twelve months after the Retention Date. Brent C. Bruun, Roger A. Kuebel, Felise Feingold and Robert Balog continued to serve as an employee as of December 31, 2022. Please see Note 7 for further discussion regarding the equity compensation modifications. On October 11, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment to the employment agreement with Mr. Bruun that, among other things, increased his annual base salary to $448 per year, retroactive to July 1, 2022, increased his target annual incentive compensation for the second half of 2022 to 80% of his base salary (without changing his target annual incentive compensation for the first half of 2022), extended his Retention Date from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023, which effectively extended the period during which Mr. Bruun must remain employed by the Company in order to earn his retention bonus, and modified the amount of the retention bonus from 75% of his base salary in effect on May 2, 2022 to 75% of the highest base salary in effect for Mr. Bruun on or before the date he becomes entitled to receive the retention bonus or the “Partial Retention Bonus” (as defined in the employment agreement). The amendment did not modify the terms of the employment agreement relating to acceleration of vesting of certain equity awards if Mr. Bruun remains employed by the Company through December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the Company accrued approximately $867 for the executive employment agreements. In addition to the amendment to Mr. Bruun’s employment agreement, the Compensation Committee also granted Mr. Bruun a restricted stock award and non-statutory stock options, which together had an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $100. The restricted stock award and the non-statutory stock options have terms that are materially consistent with the previously disclosed terms of similar grants to the Company’s executive officers. (d)Concentration of Credit Risk and Single Source Suppliers Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. The Company is potentially subject to financial instrument concentration of credit risk through its cash, cash equivalent and marketable securities investments. To mitigate these risks the Company maintains cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities with reputable and nationally recognized financial institutions. As of December 31, 2022, $55,680 classified as marketable securities was held by Wells Fargo and substantially all of the cash and cash equivalents were held by Bank of America, N.A. See Note 2 for a description of marketable securities. Trade accounts receivable. Concentrations of risk (see Note 11) with respect to trade accounts receivable are generally limited due to the large number of customers and their dispersion across several geographic areas. Although the Company does not foresee that credit risk associated with these receivables will deviate from historical experience, repayment is dependent upon the financial stability of those individual customers. The Company establishes allowances for potential bad debts and evaluates, on a monthly basis, the adequacy of those reserves based upon historical experience and its expectations for future collectability concerns. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of its customers and generally does not require collateral. Activity within the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts for the periods presented is as follows:
| 2022 |  | 2021
Beginning balance | $ | 1,597 |  |  | $ | 1,555 |
Additions (subtractions) | 174 |  |  | 502 |
Deductions (write-offs/recoveries) from reserve | (503) |  |  | (460) |
Ending balance | $ | 1,268 |  |  | $ | 1,597 |
Revenue and operations. Certain components from third parties used in the Company’s products are procured from single sources of supply. The failure of a supplier, including a subcontractor, to deliver on schedule could delay or interrupt the Company’s delivery of products and thereby materially adversely affect the Company’s revenues and operating results. (e)Revenue Recognition In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised products and services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these products and services. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps: 1) Identify the contract with a customer A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the products and services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these products and services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance, and (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for products and services that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors, including the customer’s historical payment pattern or, in the case of a new customer, published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer. 2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the products and services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the product or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the product or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised products and services, the Company must apply judgment to determine whether promised products and services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met, the promised products and services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. 3) Determine the transaction price The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring products and services to the customer. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method, depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. 4) Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. However, if a series of distinct products or services that are substantially the same qualify as a single performance obligation in a contract with variable consideration, the Company must determine if the variable consideration is attributable to the entire contract or to a specific part of the contract. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price basis unless the transaction price is variable and meets the criteria to be allocated entirely to a performance obligation or to a distinct product or service that forms part of a single performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. 5) Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation The Company satisfies performance obligations either over time or at a point in time. Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised product or service to a customer. Product sales Revenue from product sales is recognized when control of the goods is transferred to the customer, which generally occurs at the Company’s plant or warehouse upon delivery to the carrier for shipment. Revenue related to shipping and handling is recognized when the products are shipped and the associated costs are accrued for based on the Company’s election to account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment of the promise to transfer the products and not as a combined promise. The Company’s standard payment terms for product sales are generally Net 30. Under certain limited conditions, the Company, at its sole discretion, provides for the return of goods. No product is accepted for return and no credit is allowed on any returned product unless the Company has granted and confirmed prior written permission by means of appropriate authorization. The Company establishes reserves for potential sales returns, credits, and allowances, and evaluates, on a monthly basis, the adequacy of those reserves based upon historical experience and expectations for the future. Contract assets held by the Company include deferred costs related to performance under long-term contracts, including product and supporting costs associated to revenue previously billed to the client. Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized and are reported as deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company classifies any billings in excess of revenue recognized as deferred revenue as current or non-current based on the timing of when revenue is expected to be recognized. Contracts with multiple performance obligations The Company sells products and services through arrangements that in certain instances bundle equipment, satellite connectivity and other services. For these arrangements, the Company has determined that the performance obligations are not distinct in the context of the contracts with certain customers. The Company recognizes product revenue under these arrangements over the estimated satellite connectivity customer life, which is estimated to be five years based on historical evidence. Satellite connectivity and media content service sales Directly sold and re-sold satellite connectivity service for VoIP, data and Internet is recognized monthly based primarily on contracted fixed-fee schedules as well as any overages for minutes or megabytes of traffic processed. The Company has evaluated whether it obtains control of the services that are being transferred to the customer in assessing gross revenue reporting as principal versus net revenue reporting as agent for its satellite connectivity service sales and its payments to the applicable service providers. Based on the Company's assessment of the indicators, the Company has determined that gross revenue reporting as a principal is appropriate. The applicable indicators of gross revenue reporting include, but are not limited to, the following: •The Company is the primary obligor in its arrangements with its subscribers. The Company manages all interactions with the subscribers, while satellite connectivity service providers do not interact with the subscribers. In addition, the Company assumes the entire performance risk under its arrangements with the subscribers and in the event of a performance issue, the Company may incur reductions in fees without regard for any recourse that the Company may have with the applicable satellite connective service providers. •The Company has discretion in establishing pricing, as the pricing under its arrangements with the subscribers is negotiated through a contracting process. The Company then separately negotiates the fees with the applicable satellite service providers. •The Company has complete discretion in determining which satellite service providers it will contract with. As a result, the Company has determined that it earns revenue (as a principal) from the delivery of satellite connectivity services to its subscribers and records all satellite connectivity service sales to subscribers as gross sales. All associated regulatory service fees and costs are recorded net in the consolidated financial statements. The Company sells prepaid airtime services in the form of prepaid cards. A liability is established upon purchase equal to the cash paid for the prepaid card. The Company recognizes revenue from the prepaid services upon the use of the prepaid card by the customer. The Company does not offer refunds for unused prepaid services. Prepaid airtime services have not been a significant portion of the Company’s total sales. Media content sales include the Company's distribution of commercially licensed news, sports, movies and music content for commercial and leisure customers in the maritime, hotel, and retail markets. The Company typically recognizes revenue from media content sales ratably over the period of the service contract. The accounting estimates related to the recognition of satellite connectivity and media content service sales require the Company to make assumptions about future billing adjustments for disputes with subscribers as well as unauthorized usage. Under AgilePlans, the Company retains ownership of the hardware that it provides to these customers, who must return the hardware to KVH if they decide to terminate the service. Because KVH does not sell the hardware under AgilePlans, the Company does not recognize any product revenue when the hardware is deployed to an AgilePlans customer. In accounting for the related service revenue, the Company has applied the practical expedient allowed under ASC 606-10-55-18 to recognize rental revenues in proportion to the amount of the right to invoice. The Company recognizes the subscription fee monthly as service revenue over the service delivery period. Product service sales Product service sales other than under development contracts are recognized when completed services are delivered to the customer. The Company also sells extended warranty contracts on mobile connectivity and inertial navigation products. Sales under these contracts are recognized ratably over the contract term. Product service sales including extended warranties are not a significant portion of the Company’s total sales. Sales-type leases Revenue is recognized on sales-type leases primarily from the TracPhone VSAT products. In accordance with ASC 842, the Company records the leases at a price typically equivalent to normal selling price and in excess of the cost or carrying amount. Upon delivery, the Company records the net present value of all payments under these leases as product revenue, and the related costs of the product are charged to cost of sales. See Note 15. (f)Leases In accordance with ASC 842, the Company recognizes all leases greater than one year in duration on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. In ASC 842, a lease is defined as follows: “[a] contract is or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration.” Many of our lease agreements contain renewal options which are recognized if it is determined that the Company is reasonably certain to renew the lease at inception or when a triggering event occurs. Some of our lease agreements contain rent escalation clauses, rent holidays, capital improvement funding or other lease concessions. The Company recognizes the minimum rental expense on a straight-line basis based on the fixed components of a lease arrangement and amortize such expense over the term of the lease beginning with the commencement date. Variable lease components that are not fixed at the beginning of the lease are recognized as incurred. Under certain third-party service agreements, the Company controls a specific space or underlying asset used in providing the service by the third-party service provider. These arrangements meet the definition under ASC 842 and therefore are accounted for under ASC 842. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term and include options to extend or terminate the lease when reasonably certain to be exercised. The present value of lease payments is determined using the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. (g) Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, which include cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximate their fair values due to the short maturity of these instruments. See Note 2 for more information on the fair value of the Company’s marketable securities. The carrying amount of capital leases approximate fair value based on currently available quoted rates of similarly structured debt facilities. See Note 15 for the Company's finance lease. (h)Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities In accordance with the Company’s investment policy, cash in excess of operational needs is invested in money market mutual funds, government agency bonds, United States treasuries, municipal bonds, corporate notes, or certificates of deposit. All highly liquid investments with a maturity date of three months or less at the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. The Company determines the appropriate classification of marketable securities at each balance sheet date. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, all of the Company’s marketable securities have been designated as available-for-sale and are carried at their fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company reviews investments in debt securities for other than temporary impairment whenever the fair value of an investment is less than amortized cost and evidence indicates that an investment’s carrying amount is not recoverable within a reasonable period of time. To determine whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, the Company considers whether it intends to sell the security, whether it expects to recover the credit loss, and if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security prior to recovery. Evidence considered in this assessment includes the reasons for the impairment, compliance with the Company’s investment policy, the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in value subsequent to year-end and forecasted performance of the investee. The Company has reviewed its securities with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and has concluded that no other-than-temporary impairments exist. (i)Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value using the first-in first-out costing method. The Company adjusts the carrying value of its inventory based on the consideration of excess and obsolete components based on future estimate demand. The Company records inventory charges to costs of product sales. (j)Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. The principal lives used in determining the depreciation rates of various assets are: buildings and improvements, 5-40 years; leasehold improvements, shorter of original lease term or useful life; machinery, satellite hubs and equipment, 4-10 years; office and computer equipment, 3-7 years; and motor vehicles, 5 years. (k)Goodwill, Intangible Assets and other Long-Lived Assets The Company’s goodwill and intangible assets are associated with the purchase of Virtek Communication (now known as KVH Industries Norway AS) in September 2010 and Headland Media Limited (now known as the KVH Media Group) in May 2013. In accordance with ASC Update No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test of Goodwill Impairment. (ASC 350), the Company performs a goodwill impairment test at least annually based on either an optional qualitative assessment or a quantitative analysis comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value as of the test date. Any impairment charges would be based on the quantitative analysis. For the October 1, 2022 test, the Company performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill impairment (Step 0) and concluded that for the mobile broadband reporting unit, it was more likely than not that, for this reporting unit, the fair value exceeded the carrying value. For the KVH Media Group reporting unit, the Company determined that it was necessary to perform the Step 1 quantitative analysis due to the ongoing global pandemic and its impacts. The Company utilized an income approach to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit. The Company believes that the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of its KVH Media Group reporting unit were reasonable. The Company estimated that, as of October 1, 2022, the fair value of its KVH Media Group exceeded its carrying value by more than 140%. A negative trend of operating results or material changes to forecasted operating results could result in the requirement for additional interim goodwill impairment tests and the potential of future goodwill impairment charges, which could be material. The Company did not identify any impairment indicators that required an interim goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2022. Intangible assets with estimated lives and other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of intangible assets with estimated lives and other long-lived assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If these comparisons indicate that an asset is not recoverable, the Company will recognize an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds the related estimated fair value. Estimated fair value is based on either discounted future operating cash flows or appraised values, depending on the nature of the asset. During 2022, there were no events or changes in circumstances that indicated any of the carrying amounts of the Company’s intangible assets or other long-lived assets may not be recoverable. See Note 9 for further discussion of goodwill and intangible assets. (l)Other Non-Current Assets Other non-current assets are primarily comprised of long-term lease receivables, prepaid expenses, and deposits. (m)Product Warranty The Company’s products carry standard limited warranties that range from one to two years and vary by product. The warranty period begins on the date of retail purchase or lease by the original purchaser. The Company accrues estimated product warranty costs at the time of sale and any additional amounts are recorded when such costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include the number of units sold or leased, historical and anticipated rates of warranty repairs and the cost per repair. Warranty and related costs are reflected within sales, marketing and support in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had accrued product warranty costs of $1,287 and $1,084, respectively. The followin g table summarizes product warranty activity during 2022 and 2021:
| 2022 |  | 2021
Beginning balance | $ | 1,084 |  |  | $ | 1,725 |
Charges to expense | 1,127 |  |  | 400 |
Costs incurred | (924) |  |  | (1,041) |
Ending balance | $ | 1,287 |  |  | $ | 1,084 |
(n)Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and included in cost of sales. Billings for shipping and handling are reflected within net sales in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. (o)Research and Development Expenditures for research and development are expensed as incurred. (p)Advertising Costs Costs related to advertising are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $482 and $919 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is included in sales, marketing, and support expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. (q)Foreign Currency Translation The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries located in Denmark and Singapore are maintained using the United States dollar as the functional currency. Exchange rates in effect on the date of the transaction are used to record monetary assets and liabilities. Revenue and other expense elements are recorded at rates that approximate the rates in effect on the transaction dates. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses are recognized within “other income, net” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded a total of net foreign currency exchange gains (losses) in its accompanying consolidated statements of operations of $517 and $(3), respectively, which is comprised of both realized and unrealized foreign currency exchange gains and losses. The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries located in the United Kingdom, Brazil, Norway, Cyprus, India and Japan use the foreign subsidiaries’ respective local currencies as the functional currency. The Company translates the assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries at the exchange rates in effect at year-end. Net sales, costs and expenses are translated using average exchange rates in effect during the year. Gains and losses from foreign currency translation are credited or charged to accumulated other comprehensive loss included in stockholders' equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. (r)Income Taxes The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and in numerous foreign jurisdictions. The Company accounts for income taxes following ASC Topic 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. If it is not more likely than not that a position will be sustained, no amount of the benefit attributable to the position is recognized. The tax benefit to be recognized of any tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is calculated as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon resolution of the contingency. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes interest and penalties within the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 8 for further discussion of income taxes. (s)Net Loss per Common Share Basic net loss per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share incorporates the dilutive effect of common stock equivalent options, warrants and other convertible securities, if any, as determined in accordance with the treasury stock accounting method. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 since there was a net loss from continuing operations, the Company excluded all 1,359 and 747 shares, respectively, in outstanding stock options and non-vested restricted shares from its diluted loss per share calculation, as inclusion of these securities would have reduced the net loss per share. A reconciliation of the basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding is as follows:
| December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic | 18,632 |  |  | 18,217 |
Dilutive common shares issuable in connection with stock plans | — |  |  | — |
Weighted average common shares outstanding—diluted | 18,632 |  |  | 18,217 |
(t)Contingent Liabilities The Company estimates the amount of potential exposure it may have with respect to claims, assessments and litigation in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company was not party to any lawsuit or proceeding that, in management's opinion, was likely to materially harm the Company's business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. It is not always possible to predict the outcome of litigation, as it is subject to many uncertainties. Additionally, it is not always possible for management to make meaningful estimates of the potential loss or range of loss associated with such litigation. (u)Operating Segments The Company operates in one reportable segment as a result of the sale of its inertial navigation business on August 9, 2022. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its President, Chief Executive Officer and Director. The Company operates in a number of major geographic areas, including internationally. Revenues are generated from international locations, primarily consisting of Singapore, Canada, European Union countries and other European countries, countries in Africa, Asia/Pacific and the Middle East, and India (see Note 12, "Segment Reporting"). (v)Recently Issued Accounting Standards From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, or other standard setting bodies. Recently issued standards typically do not require adoption until a future effective date. Prior to their effective date, the Company evaluates the pronouncements to determine the potential effects of adoption on our consolidated financial statements. Standards to be Implemented ASC Update No. 2016-13, ASC Update No. 2018-19, ASC Update No. 2019-04, ASC Update No. 2019-05, ASC Update No. 2019-10, ASC Update No. 2019-11, ASC Update No. 2020-02, ASC Update No. 2022-02 and ASC Update No. 2017-04. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The purpose of Update No. 2016-13 is to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology for financial assets measured at amortized cost with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information, including forecasted information, to develop credit loss estimates. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. This update introduced an expected credit loss methodology for the impairment of financial assets measured at amortized cost. The amendment also clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Instead, impairment of receivables arising from operating leases should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 842, Leases. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments. This update introduced clarifications of the Board’s intent with respect to accrued interest, the transfer between classifications or categories for loans and debt securities, recoveries, reinsurance recoverables, projects of interest rate environments for variable-rate financial instruments, costs to sell when foreclosure is probable, consideration of expected prepayments when determining the effective interest rate, vintage disclosures, and extension and renewal options. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief. The amendments in the update ease the transition for entities adopting ASC Update 2016-13 and increase the comparability of financial statement information. With the exception of held-to-maturity debt securities, the amendments allow entities to irrevocably elect to apply the fair value option to financial instruments that were previously recorded at amortized cost basis within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses—Measured at Amortized Cost. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates. The amendments in this update change some effective dates for certain new accounting standards including those pertaining to Topic 326 discussed above, for certain types of entities. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326). The update is effective for entities that have adopted ASU 2016-13. The purpose of Update No. 2019-11 is to clarify the scope of the recovery guidance to purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. In February 2020, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2020-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842). The purpose of Update No. 2020-02 is to clarify the scope and interpretation of the standard. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASC update 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The vintage disclosure portion of this guidance is applicable to the Company, which requires that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Gross write-off information must included the amortized cost basis of financing receivables by credit-quality indicator and class of financing receivable by year of origination. As a smaller reporting company, the effective date for Topic 326 will be the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022. The adoption of Update Nos. 2016-13, 2018-19, 2019-04, 2019-05, 2019-10, 2019-11, 2020-02, and 2022-02 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The purpose of Update No. 2017-04 is to eliminate Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test and instead an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment quantitative test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity will then recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, to the extent of the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. As a smaller reporting company, the effective date for Topic 350 will be the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022. The adoption of Update No. 2017-04 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations. There are no other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB that the Company expects would have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

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