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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Ordinarily, in determining the quarterly provisions for income taxes, the Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is generally based on our expected annual income and statutory tax rates in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K. Due to the global pandemic, and difficulty forecasting the calendar year 2021 of income (loss) by jurisdiction, we determined the estimated annual effective rate method would not provide a reliable estimate of the Company’s overall annual effective tax rate. As such, we have calculated the tax provision using the actual effective rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The Company's effective tax rate from continuing operations was 8% and 20%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2021 decreased from the three months ended September 30, 2020 primarily due to PPP loan forgiveness income generated in the three months ended September 30, 2021 that is exempt from tax. The Company's effective tax rate from continuing operations was 33% and 15%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The Company's effective tax rate increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily due to changes in deferred tax assets from limitations on deductible stock-based compensation, offset by PPP Loan forgiveness income exempt from tax.
As of September 30, 2021, the Company is permanently reinvested in certain of its non-U.S. subsidiaries and does not have a deferred tax liability related to its undistributed foreign earnings. The estimated amount of the unrecognized deferred tax liability attributed to future withholding taxes on dividend distributions of undistributed earnings for certain non-U.S. subsidiaries, which the Company intends to reinvest the related earnings indefinitely in its operations outside the U.S., is approximately $723,000.
The Company maintains liabilities for uncertain tax positions. At September 30, 2021, the Company had approximately $961,000 in total unrecognized tax benefits, which if recognized, would favorably affect the Company’s effective income tax rate.
The Company’s policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions in income tax expense. To the extent accrued interest and penalties do not ultimately become payable, amounts accrued will be reduced and reflected as a reduction in the overall income tax provision in the period that such determination is made. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $278,000 and $235,000 in accrued interest, and $89,000 and $0 in accrued penalties, respectively.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is subject to U.S. federal and certain state tax examinations for certain years from 2017 and forward and is subject to California tax examinations for years after 2016.
We do not know what our income taxes will be in future periods. There may be fluctuations that have a material impact on our results of operations. Our income taxes are dependent on numerous factors such as the geographic mix of our taxable income, federal and state and foreign country tax law and regulations and changes thereto, the determination of whether valuation allowances for certain tax assets are required or not, audits of prior years' tax returns resulting in adjustments, resolution of uncertain tax positions and different treatment for certain items for tax versus books. We expect fluctuations in our income taxes from year to year and from quarter to quarter. Some of the fluctuations may be significant and have a material impact on our results of operations.
On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the CARES Act, which, along with earlier issued IRS guidance, provides for deferral of certain taxes. The CARES Act, among other things, also contains numerous other provisions which may benefit the Company. We continue to assess the effect of the CARES Act and ongoing government guidance related to the global pandemic that may be issued.