<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-25-077648.txt : 20250813
<SEC-HEADER>0001104659-25-077648.hdr.sgml : 20250813
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250813171501
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-25-077648
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		20
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250813
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250813

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000921114
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS (NO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES) [2836]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				911549568
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			WA
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-289585
		FILM NUMBER:		251212890

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		5005 MCCONNELL AVE
		CITY:			LOS ANGELES
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			90066
		BUSINESS PHONE:		310-665-2928

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		5005 MCCONNELL AVE
		CITY:			LOS ANGELES
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			90066

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	AmpliPhi Biosciences Corp
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20130222

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	TARGETED GENETICS CORP /WA/
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19940331
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>tm2523066d1_s3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM S-3
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>As filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 13</B></FONT><B>, 2025</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Registration
No.&nbsp;333-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-bottom: 3pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>UNITED STATES<BR>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Washington, D.C. 20549</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Form&nbsp;S-3</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>REGISTRATION STATEMENT</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>UNDER</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc.</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
charter)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Washington</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>91-1549568</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>(State or other jurisdiction</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>(I.R.S. Employer</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>of incorporation or organization)</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Identification Number)</B></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>5005 McConnell Avenue</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Los Angeles, California 90066</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(310) 665-2928</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Address, including zip code, and telephone
number,<BR>
including area code, of registrant&rsquo;s principal executive offices)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Deborah L. Birx, M.D.</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Chief Executive Officer</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc.</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>5005 McConnell Avenue</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Los Angeles, California 90066</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(310) 665-2928</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone
number,</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>including area code, of agent for service)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><I>Copies to:</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Jared N. Fertman</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Andrew C. Marmer</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Willkie Farr&nbsp;&amp; Gallagher LLP</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>787 Seventh Avenue</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>New York, New York 10019</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(212) 728-8000</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>(Approximate date of commencement
of proposed sale to the public)</B> From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement, as determined by the registrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
the only securities being registered on this Form&nbsp;are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please
check the following box: </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: Black">If
any of the securities being registered on this Form&nbsp;are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415
under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check
the following box: </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#120;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: Black">If
this Form&nbsp;is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(b)&nbsp;under the Securities Act,
please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: Black">If
this Form&nbsp;is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(c)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: Black">If
this Form&nbsp;is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become
effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(e)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, check the following box. </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: Black">If
this Form&nbsp;is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register
additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule&nbsp;413(b)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, check the following
box. </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &ldquo;large accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;accelerated filer,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;smaller reporting company&rdquo; and &ldquo;emerging growth company&rdquo; in Rule&nbsp;12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 22%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Large
    accelerated filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 21%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 26%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Accelerated
    filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 21%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Non-accelerated
    filer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#120;</FONT></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Smaller reporting
    company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#120;</FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Black">Emerging
    growth company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="color: Black">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: Black">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(a)(2)(B)&nbsp;of Securities Act. </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: Black">&uml;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="color: Black"></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The Registrant hereby amends this registration
statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that
specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section&nbsp;8(a)&nbsp;of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange
Commission, acting pursuant to said Section&nbsp;8(a), may determine.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: red"><B>The information in this prospectus
is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these
securities in any state where such offer or sale is not permitted.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: red"><B>SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED AUGUST 13, 2025</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>$100,000,000</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><IMG SRC="tm2523066d1_s3img01.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><BR STYLE="clear: both">
Common Stock</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Preferred Stock</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Debt Securities</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Warrants</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Units</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">From time to time, we may sell up to an aggregate
of $100,000,000 of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants or units in any combination of the foregoing, in amounts,
at prices and on terms described in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses
to be provided to you in connection with these offerings.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock
Exchange (the &ldquo;NYSE&rdquo;) American under the trading symbol &ldquo;ARMP.&rdquo; On August 11, 2025, the last reported sale price
of our common stock on the NYSE American was $2.36.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The preferred stock, debt securities, warrants
and units described in this prospectus have not been approved for listing on any market or exchange, and we have not made any application
for such listing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This prospectus describes the general terms of
the securities we may offer and the general manner in which we may offer these securities. Each time we sell securities described herein,
we will provide prospective investors with a supplement to this prospectus that will contain specific information about the terms of that
offering, including the specific amounts, prices and terms of the securities offered. Such prospectus supplements may also add, update
or change information contained in this prospectus. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as
to any other listing on the NYSE American or any other securities market or other exchange with respect to the securities covered by such
prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our principal executive offices are located at
5005 McConnell Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90066, and our telephone number at that address is (310) 665-2928.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should read this prospectus and any prospectus
supplement carefully before you invest.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES A HIGH
DEGREE OF RISK. YOU SHOULD REVIEW CAREFULLY THE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES REFERENCED UNDER THE HEADING &ldquo;RISK FACTORS&rdquo; ON PAGE
8 OF THIS PROSPECTUS AND &ldquo;ITEM 1A&mdash;RISK FACTORS&rdquo; OF OUR MOST RECENT ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM&nbsp;10-K OR QUARTERLY REPORT
ON FORM&nbsp;10-Q THAT IS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS PROSPECTUS, AS WELL AS THOSE CONTAINED IN THE APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
AND ANY RELATED FREE WRITING PROSPECTUS, AND UNDER SIMILAR HEADINGS IN THE OTHER DOCUMENTS THAT ARE INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO THIS
PROSPECTUS.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>This prospectus may not be used to offer or
sell any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of August&nbsp;13,
2025, the aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates, or public float, was approximately $26.1
million, based on 11,077,705 shares of outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates as of the date of this prospectus, at a price
of $2.36 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NYSE American on August 11, 2025. Pursuant to
General Instruction I.B.6 of Form&nbsp;S-3, in no event will we sell securities registered on the registration statement of which
this prospectus is a part in a public primary offering with a value exceeding more than one-third of our public float in any
12-month period so long as our public float remains below $75.0 million. As of the date hereof, we have not offered any securities
pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form&nbsp;S-3 during the 12 calendar months prior to and including the date of this
prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The securities may be sold
directly by us to investors, through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers, on a continuous or
delayed basis. For additional information on the methods of sale, you should refer to the section entitled &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo;
in this prospectus and in the applicable prospectus supplement. If any agents or underwriters are involved in the sale of any securities
with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such agents or underwriters and any applicable fees, commissions,
discounts and options to purchase additional securities will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such
securities and the net proceeds that we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Neither the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus
is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>The date of this
Prospectus is&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>, 2025.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 89%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><A HREF="#a_002"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ABOUT
    THIS PROSPECTUS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_002"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_003"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SUMMARY</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_003"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><A HREF="#a_004"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">RISK
    FACTORS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_004"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><A HREF="#a_005"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">THE
    SECURITIES WE MAY&nbsp;OFFER</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_005"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><A HREF="#a_006"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SPECIAL
    NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_006"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_007"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">USE
    OF PROCEEDS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_007"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><A HREF="#a_008"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DESCRIPTION
    OF CAPITAL STOCK</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_008"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><A HREF="#a_009"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DESCRIPTION
    OF THE DEBT SECURITIES</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_009"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_010"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DESCRIPTION
    OF WARRANTS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_010"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_011"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DESCRIPTION
    OF UNITS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_011"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><A HREF="#a_012"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">LEGAL
    OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_012"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_013"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PLAN
    OF DISTRIBUTION</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_013"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><A HREF="#a_014"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">LEGAL
    MATTERS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_014"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#a_015"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">EXPERTS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_015"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><A HREF="#a_016"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">WHERE
    YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_016">30</A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><A HREF="#a_017"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">INCORPORATION
    OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><A HREF="#a_017"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have not authorized anyone
to provide you with information different from the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable
prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you. No dealer, salesperson or other
person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any
applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you. This prospectus is
an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. You
should assume that the information in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is
accurate only as of the date on the front of the document and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only
as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus
supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations
and prospects may have changed since that date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_002"></A>ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus is part of
a registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using a &ldquo;shelf&rdquo;
registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer and sell, either individually or in combination, in one or more
offerings, any combination of the securities described in this prospectus, for total gross proceeds of up to $100,000,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus provides you
with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus
supplement that will contain more specific information about the terms of those securities and the offering. We may also authorize one
or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. We may also
add, update or change in the prospectus supplement (and in any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to
you) any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
We urge you to carefully read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together
with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the headings &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information&rdquo;
and &ldquo;Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference&rdquo; before buying any of the securities being offered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<DIV STYLE="padding: 5pt; border: Black 1pt solid">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_003"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>SUMMARY</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following summary highlights
information contained elsewhere in this prospectus or incorporated by reference herein and does not contain all the information that may
be important to purchasers of our securities. You should carefully read this prospectus, all documents incorporated by reference, any
prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and the additional information described under the caption &ldquo;Where
You Can Find More Information&rdquo; in this prospectus, before buying any of the securities being offered. References in this prospectus
to &ldquo;Armata,&rdquo; the &ldquo;Company,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;us&rdquo; and &ldquo;our&rdquo; refer to Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc.
and its subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, unless the context requires otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Our Company</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We
are a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on the development of high-purity, pathogen-specific bacteriophage therapeutics for
the treatment of antibiotic-resistant and difficult-to-treat bacterial infections using our proprietary bacteriophage-based technology.
We have completed three Phase 2 clinical trials to date. We see bacteriophages as a potentially safer and effective alternative to antibiotics
and an essential response to the growing bacterial resistance to current classes of antibiotics. Bacteriophages or &ldquo;phages&rdquo;
have a powerful and highly differentiated mechanism of action that enables binding to and killing of specific targeted bacteria while
uniquely preserving the normal human microbiome or &ldquo;healthy bacteria&rdquo;. This is in direct contrast to traditional broad-spectrum
antibiotics which can alter the human microbiome increasing susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens, such as <I>Clostridium difficile</I>.
We believe that phages represent a promising means to effectively treat bacterial infections as an alternative to broad-spectrum antibiotics,
especially for patients with bacterial infections resistant to current standard of care therapies, including the multidrug-resistant or
 &ldquo;superbug&rdquo; strains of bacteria. We are a leading developer of clinical-stage phage therapeutics of high purity, and believe
we are uniquely positioned to address the growing worldwide threat of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We
are combining our proprietary approach and expertise in identifying, characterizing and developing both naturally occurring and engineered
(synthetic) bacteriophages with our proprietary phage-specific host-engineered current Good Manufacturing Practices (&ldquo;cGMP&rdquo;)
manufacturing capabilities to advance a target pipeline of high-quality bacteriophage product candidates for late-stage clinical development.
Our optimized manufacturing processes significantly increase phage titers and improve production efficiency with the goal of ensuring
commercial viability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We
remain committed to our mission to evaluate phage-based therapeutics in randomized controlled clinical trials that evaluate safety and
efficacy required to support potential regulatory approval and commercialization of our phage products as alternatives to traditional
antibiotics, providing a potential method of treating patients suffering from drug-resistant and difficult-to-treat bacterial infections.
To date, we have completed three critical Phase 2 trials, utilizing two distinct phage cocktails against two different bacterial pathogens
with the potential to treat chronic pulmonary disease complicated by bacterial infection, as well as acute systemic bacterial infection.
We believe that we are uniquely advancing our two lead candidates, referred to as AP-PA02 and AP-SA02, to address both chronic and acute
bacterial infections.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phage Product
Candidate, AP-PA02</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><I>Clinical Development
of AP-PA02 in Cystic Fibrosis: Completed Phase 1b/2a Study</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our
first phage candidate, inhaled AP-PA02, is focused primarily on the treatment of chronic pulmonary infections due to <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I>&nbsp;(&ldquo;<I>P.
aeruginosa&rdquo;)</I>. On October&nbsp;14, 2020, we received the approval to proceed from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the
 &ldquo;FDA&rdquo;) for our Investigational New Drug (&ldquo;IND&rdquo;) application for AP-PA02. In the first quarter of 2023, we announced
positive topline results from the completed &ldquo;SWARM-<I>P.a.</I>&rdquo; study &ndash; a Phase 1b/2a, multicenter, double-blind, randomized,
placebo-controlled, single ascending dose and multiple ascending dose clinical trial to evaluate the safety and tolerability of inhaled
AP-PA02 in subjects with cystic fibrosis and chronic pulmonary&nbsp;<I>P. aeruginosa&nbsp;</I>infection. Data indicate that AP-PA02 was
well-tolerated with a treatment emergent adverse event profile similar to placebo. Pharmacokinetics findings confirm that AP-PA02 can
be effectively delivered to the lungs through nebulization with minimal systemic exposure, with single ascending doses and multiple ascending
doses resulting in a proportional increase in exposure as measured in induced sputum. AP-PA02 exposures were generally consistent across
subjects. Additionally, bacterial levels of&nbsp;<I>P. aeruginosa&nbsp;</I>in the sputum measured at several timepoints suggest improvement
in bacterial load reduction for subjects treated with AP-PA02 at the end of treatment as compared to placebo after ten days of dosing.
In addition, a correlation was seen between increasing phage dose (higher AP-PA02 exposures) and reduction in the bacterial load, supporting
the biologic plausibility of a bacterial specific mechanism of action and creating the opportunity for phage as a therapeutic alternative
to inhaled antibiotics. This study was supported by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (the &ldquo;CFF&rdquo;), which granted us a Therapeutics
Development Award of $5.0 million. We received the full award&rsquo;s amount, including the final payment of $0.3 million, in January&nbsp;2024.
Following the promising Phase 1b/2a results of favorable safety and tolerability profile and plausible mechanism of action, an additional
confirmatory Phase 2 trial was initiated in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (&ldquo;NCFB&rdquo;) patients with similar chronic pulmonary
disease with infections due to&nbsp;<I>P. aeruginosa</I>.</P>

</DIV>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><I>Clinical Development of AP-PA02 in Non-Cystic
Fibrosis Bronchiectasis: Completed Phase 2 Study</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On
February&nbsp;22, 2022, Armata announced that it had received from the FDA the approval to proceed for our IND application for AP-PA02,
in a second indication, NCFB. On December&nbsp;19, 2024, Armata announced encouraging results from the completed &ldquo;Tail<I>wind</I>&rdquo;
study &ndash; a Phase 2 multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety, phage kinetics, and efficacy
of inhaled AP-PA02 in subjects with NCFB and chronic pulmonary&nbsp;<I>P. aeruginosa</I>&nbsp;infection. Data indicated that inhaled AP-PA02
provides a durable reduction of&nbsp;<I>P. aeruginosa</I>&nbsp;in the lung, with a favorable safety and tolerability profile. The Tail<I>wind</I>&nbsp;study
was conducted in two cohorts running in parallel: subjects in one cohort (cohort A) received inhaled AP-PA02 as monotherapy, while subjects
in another cohort (cohort B) received inhaled AP-PA02 in combination with inhaled anti-pseudomonal antibiotic treatment. Subjects in both
cohorts were dosed at home by nebulization with study drug administered every 12 hours for 10 days and were followed for approximately
four weeks after receiving their last dose of study drug. The primary efficacy endpoint was the reduction in&nbsp;<I>P. aeruginosa</I>&nbsp;colony
forming units (&ldquo;CFUs&rdquo;) in lung sputum at one week following completion of dosing (day 17) compared to baseline. Per the statistical
analysis plan, efficacy analysis of each independent cohort showed no significant difference between subjects treated with AP-PA02 and
placebo due to small numbers of subjects in each cohort. Notably, a post-hoc intent-to-treat analysis (n=33 active and n=15 placebo; all
subjects from both cohorts) demonstrated a statistically significant reduction of&nbsp;<I>P. aeruginosa</I>&nbsp;CFUs in the lung at day
17 (AP-PA02 vs. placebo; P=0.05). The reduction in&nbsp;<I>P. aeruginosa</I>&nbsp;CFUs persisted two weeks following completion of dosing
with AP-PA02 when compared with placebo at day 24 (AP-PA02 vs. placebo; P=0.015). Additionally, paired analysis of&nbsp;<I>P. aeruginosa</I>&nbsp;CFU
density at baseline compared to day 10 (P=0.03), day 11 (P=0.01), day 17 (P=0.003) and day 24 (P=0.018) was significant in the AP-PA02-treated
cohort. We believe the data suggest that AP-PA02 alone is as effective as the combination therapy of phage and antibiotics in reducing&nbsp;<I>P.
aeruginosa</I>&nbsp;CFUs in the lung. Additionally, approximately one-third of subjects treated with phage monotherapy exhibited at least
a 2-log CFU reduction in&nbsp;<I>P. aeruginosa</I>&nbsp;compared to no reduction in placebo treated subjects. Safety data indicate that
inhaled AP-PA02 was well-tolerated with treatment-emergent adverse events mild and self-limiting. There was one possibly related serious
adverse event that was linked to an acute pulmonary event requiring hospitalization that was responsive to antibiotics. We believe the
safety and tolerability of AP-PA02 offers a promising profile for treating chronically infected NCFB patients.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Results from the Phase 2
Tail<I>wind</I>&nbsp;study demonstrate the potential of Armata&rsquo;s high-purity phage cocktail, AP-PA02, as a new monotherapy
treatment alternative for chronic pulmonary disease caused by&nbsp;<I>P. aeruginosa</I>&nbsp;infection, including drug-resistant
bacteria, and indicate the potential for phage therapy to reduce reliance on chronic antibiotic use. The Phase 2
Tail<I>wind</I>&nbsp;study represents the second successful clinical trial for AP-PA02,&nbsp;Armata&rsquo;s lead pulmonary
candidate, which was first evaluated in people with cystic fibrosis in the Phase&nbsp;1b/2a SWARM-<I>P.a.&nbsp;</I>trial that
completed in 2023. We believe the learnings on dose-schedule regimens gained from the two completed Phase 2 studies position us to
define a safe and promising biologic correlation for a Phase 3 definitive trial to evaluate inhaled AP-PA02 as an alternative to
antibiotics in chronic pulmonary&nbsp;<I>P. aeruginosa </I>infection.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Contingent upon securing
sufficient additional funding, we may at the appropriate time in the future resume clinical development of AP-PA02 for NCFB, which may
include the execution of a definitive Phase 3 clinical trial. We are also actively exploring potential strategic partnerships as a means
to further advance this important program.</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<DIV STYLE="padding: 5pt; border: Black 1pt solid">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; background-color: white"><I>Additional Clinical
Indications for AP-PA02</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
current <I>Pseudomonas</I> phage cocktail formulated for inhalation (AP-PA02) is prepared with the same high potency and purity of our
injectable phage cocktail for <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>&nbsp;(&ldquo;<I>S. aureus</I>&rdquo;) (AP-SA02). Based on the AP-SA02 clinical
findings, we are exploring the potential development of our <I>Pseudomonas</I> phage cocktail for acute ventilator-associated pneumonia
and severe infections due to multidrug-resistant <I>P. aeruginosa</I>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B><I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> Phage Product
Candidate, AP-SA02</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><I>Clinical Development of AP-SA02 in Bacteremia:
Completed Phase 1b/2a Study</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In parallel to developing
novel phage therapeutics that target chronic bacterial infections, we have an acute bacterial infection clinical development plan focused
on <I>S. aureus </I>bacteremia, a difficult-to-treat and often life-threatening human infection that can result in high morbidity and
mortality and for which bacterial resistance to antibiotics is growing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A key advantage of our
phage manufacturing expertise is the purity profiles of our phage products, including AP-SA02, our phage product candidate
for&nbsp;<I>S. aureus</I>; this has enabled us to pursue treatment of complicated&nbsp;<I>S. aureus</I>&nbsp;bacteremia, where
repetitive intravenous dosing is required. On June&nbsp;15, 2020, we entered into an agreement (the &ldquo;MTEC Agreement&rdquo;)
with the Medical Technology Enterprise Consortium (&ldquo;MTEC&rdquo;), pursuant to which we received a $15.0 million award and
entered into a multi-year program administered by the U.S. Department of Defense (the &ldquo;DoD&rdquo;) through MTEC and managed by
the Naval Medical Research Command &ndash; Naval Advanced Medical Development with funding from the Defense Health Agency and Joint
Warfighter Medical Research Program. On September&nbsp;29, 2022, the MTEC Agreement was modified to increase the total award by $1.3
million to $16.3 million and extend the term into the second half of 2024. On July&nbsp;29, 2024, the MTEC Agreement was modified to
increase the total award by $5.3 million to $21.6 million and extend the term into the third quarter of 2025. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">On
April&nbsp;29, 2025, we received $4.65 million of additional non-dilutive award funding through MTEC, thereby increasing the total
MTEC award to $26.2 million, and the MTEC Agreement was modified to extend the term to September&nbsp;30, 2025. On July&nbsp;2,
2025, the MTEC Agreement was modified to extend the term to March&nbsp;31, 2026. </FONT>We are using the award to partially fund a
Phase 1b/2a, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose escalation study to assess the safety, tolerability and
efficacy of our phage-based candidate, AP-SA02, for the treatment of adults with&nbsp;<I>S. aureus&nbsp;</I>(the
 &ldquo;diSArm&rdquo; study) and to support activities required for an end-of-Phase 2 meeting with the FDA<I>.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On
November&nbsp;17, 2021, we announced that we had received approval from the FDA to proceed with our IND application for AP-SA02.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">On
May&nbsp;19, 2025, we announced positive topline data from the Phase 1b/2a diSArm study of intravenously administered AP-SA02 in complicated&nbsp;</FONT><I>S.
aureus</I><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">&nbsp;bacteremia.&nbsp;</FONT>The diSArm study (NCT05184764) was a Phase 1b/2a, multicenter,
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple ascending dose escalation study of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of intravenous
AP-SA02 in addition to best available antibiotic therapy (BAT) compared to BAT alone (placebo) for the treatment of adults with complicated
SAB. All doses of AP-SA02 were dosed intravenously every six hours for five days. The primary clinical efficacy endpoint for the Phase
2a portion of the diSArm study was clinical outcome (responder rate) in subjects with complicated bacteremia, measured at (i)&nbsp;Test
of Cure (TOC) for AP-SA02, defined as one week following the end of IV treatment with AP-SA02 (day 12), (ii)&nbsp;TOC for BAT, defined
as one week following the end of IV BAT, and (iii)&nbsp;end of study (EOS), defined as four weeks following the end of IV BAT. Clinical
outcome was evaluated by both the blinded investigators and a blinded Clinical Efficacy Adjudication Committee (CEAC) in the intent-to-treat
(ITT) population.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Safety
and efficacy were assessed in the ITT population, which included all subjects (n=50) who received at least one dose of AP-SA02 or placebo.
AP-SA02 was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events related to the study drug. Two subjects had adverse events that were possibly
related to the study drug: one with transient liver enzyme elevation and one with hypersensitivity that resolved with discontinuation
of vancomycin.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A statistically significant
increase in investigator-assessed responder rate was observed at TOC for AP-SA02 (day 12) in AP-SA02 treated subjects (88%) versus placebo
(58%) (p = 0.047). At TOC for BAT and at EOS, 100% of the AP-SA02 treated subjects had clinically responded (p = 0.017) versus 25% of
placebo subjects considered non-responsive due to either relapse or treatment failure, consistent with the non-responder rate reported
in the literature for recent phase 3 trials. Of note, the clinical response with AP-SA02 occurred regardless of whether subjects were
infected with methicillin-sensitive <I>S. aureus</I> (MSSA) or methicillin-resistant <I>S. aureus</I> (MRSA). All subjects infected with
MRSA and treated with AP-SA02 and BAT cleared their infection by TOC for BAT with no evidence of relapse through EOS, as compared to
the relapse rate of BAT alone as noted above. Supporting the investigator assessment, clinical outcome was assessed by the CEAC, who
agreed that subjects who received placebo had a 22% and 25% non-responder rate at TOC with BAT and at EOS, respectively, while 100% of
the subjects who received AP-SA02 clinically responded (p = 0.025: TOC BAT; p = 0.020: EOS).</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Additionally,
faster time to a negative blood culture and decline of key predictors of mortality and complications in SAB, including interleukin-10
and C-reactive protein, support the improved responder rates in subjects treated with AP-SA02.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We previously demonstrated
the persistence of AP-SA02 in the IV space on multiple days one hour post IV push. These trial results support AP-SA02 homing to different
sites of infection, presumably penetrating biofilms, and infecting and lysing the target <I>S. aureus</I> bacteria, independent of antibiotic
resistance patterns and site of infection.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The results from our Phase
1b/2a diSArm study are an important step forward in our effort to confirm the potent antimicrobial activity of phage therapy and the
completion of the study represents a significant milestone in the development of AP-SA02, moving us one step closer to introducing an
effective new treatment option to patients suffering from complicated <I>S. aureus</I> bacteremia. This is the first clear evidence in
a randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of phage against a serious systemic pathogen that is responsible for significant morbidity
and mortality in the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Findings from the Phase 1b/2a
study, including the favorable safety and tolerability profile of AP-SA02, inform the design of a larger definitive efficacy study to
demonstrate superiority of AP-SA02 in treating complicated <I>S. aureus</I> bacteremia, and form the basis for an end-of-Phase 2 meeting
with the FDA which the Company plans to hold in the second half of 2025. We are committed to developing a superiority pivotal trial focused
on phage as an alternative to broad-spectrum antibiotics and/or antibiotic sparing to decrease the utilization of broad-spectrum antibiotics
and their detrimental impact on the normal human microbiome.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><I>Additional Clinical Indications for AP-SA02</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On
August&nbsp;1, 2022, we announced FDA approval to proceed with our IND application for AP-SA02 in a second indication, prosthetic joint
infections (&ldquo;PJI&rdquo;) with&nbsp;<I>S. aureus</I>. We had planned to initiate a Phase 1b/2a trial; however, in light of the growing
concerns of both PJI and wound infections, we are considering revising the protocol to include both indications. Driven by data from the
bacteremia study, and with sufficient funding, we may in the future initiate a Phase 1b/2a trial to assess the safety and tolerability
of intravenous and intra-articular AP-SA02 as an adjunct to standard of care antibiotics in adults undergoing treatment of periprosthetic
joint infections and/or wound infections caused by&nbsp;<I>S. aureus</I>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Corporate History and Reorganization</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Armata was created as a result
of a business combination of AmpliPhi Biosciences Corporation, a bacteriophage development stage company (&ldquo;AmpliPhi&rdquo;) with
C3J Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. (&ldquo;C3J&rdquo;), where Ceres Merger Sub,&nbsp;Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of AmpliPhi, merged with
and into C3J (the &ldquo;Merger&rdquo;). On May&nbsp;9, 2019, immediately prior to the closing of the Merger, AmpliPhi changed its name
to Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">C3J&rsquo;s predecessor, C3
Jian,&nbsp;Inc., was incorporated under the laws of the State of California on November&nbsp;4, 2005. On February&nbsp;26, 2016, as part
of a reorganization transaction, C3 Jian,&nbsp;Inc. merged with a wholly-owned subsidiary of C3J, and as part of this process, C3 Jian,&nbsp;Inc.
was converted to a limited liability company organized under the laws of the State of California named C3 Jian, LLC. Prior to the Merger,
C3J was privately held and was financed principally through a series of equity financings.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">AmpliPhi was incorporated
under the laws of the State of Washington in March&nbsp;1989 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Immunex Corporation and began operations
as an independent company in 1992 as Targeted Genetics Corporation. In January&nbsp;2011, AmpliPhi completed the acquisition of Biocontrol
Ltd, an antimicrobial biotechnology company based in the United Kingdom, with the goal of developing their phage therapy programs using
funding from the sale of our legacy gene therapy assets. In November&nbsp;2012, AmpliPhi completed the acquisition of Special Phage Holdings
Pty Ltd, a company based in Australia, with the goal of continuing research addressing the rapidly escalating problem of antibiotic resistance
through the development of a series of bacteriophage-based treatments.</P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Pipeline</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following chart summarizes
the status of our phage product candidate development programs and partners:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><IMG SRC="tm2523066d1_s3img02.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Risks Associated with Our Business and this Offering</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our business and our ability
to implement our business strategy are subject to numerous risks, as more fully described in the section of this prospectus entitled &ldquo;Risk
Factors.&rdquo; You should read these risks before you invest in our securities. We may be unable, for many reasons, including those that
are beyond our control, to implement our business strategy. In particular, risks associated with our business include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">There is substantial doubt about our ability
to continue as a going concern, which may affect our ability to obtain future financing and may require us to curtail our operations.
We will need substantial additional financing to develop our product candidates and implement our operating plans, including to support
one or more pivotal trials in 2025 and beyond. If we fail to obtain additional financing, we may be delayed or unable to complete the
development and commercialization of our product candidates.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We have incurred losses since our inception and
anticipate that we will continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, and our future profitability is uncertain.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If we fail to develop and maintain proper and
effective processes and operating procedures as a non-traditional government contractor, our ability to adhere to the DoD and related
entity standards could impact our ongoing and future development financing awards from the U.S. government;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We are seeking to develop antibacterial agents
using bacteriophage and synthetic phage technology, a novel approach, which makes it difficult to predict the time and cost of development.
No bacteriophage products have been approved in the United States or elsewhere.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Results from interim, &ldquo;topline,&rdquo;
and preliminary data, or preclinical studies and Phase 1 or 2 clinical trials of our product candidates or from single-patient expanded
access treatments may not be predictive of the results of later stage clinical trials and are subject to audit and verification procedures
that could result in material changes in the final data.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We must continue to develop manufacturing processes
for our product candidates and any delay in or our inability to do so would result in delays in our clinical trials.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We rely on third parties to conduct our clinical
trials and to obtain materials or supplies necessary to conduct trials or to manufacture our product candidates, and their failure to
perform their obligations in a timely or competent manner may delay development and commercialization of our product candidates.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: lightgrey"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: lightgrey"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: lightgrey"></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We face potential risks associated with future
changes in laws and policies, including the availability of government funding for grants, staffing and funding of regulatory agencies.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The use or anticipated use of artificial intelligence
(&ldquo;AI&rdquo;) technologies, including generative AI, by us or third parties, may increase or create new operational risks.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our business operations and current and future
relationships with clinical site investigators, healthcare professionals, consultants, third-party payors, patient organizations, and
customers will be subject to applicable healthcare regulatory laws, which could expose us to penalties.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If you purchase securities in an offering, you
may incur dilution.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We will have broad discretion in the use of the
net proceeds from an offering and may not use them effectively.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Innoviva,&nbsp;Inc. (&ldquo;Innoviva&rdquo;)
our principal stockholder, beneficially owns greater than 50% of our outstanding shares of common stock, which causes us to be deemed
a &ldquo;controlled company&rdquo; under the rules&nbsp;of the NYSE. In addition,&nbsp;Innoviva&rsquo;s interests in our business may
be different than our other stockholders.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

</DIV>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_004"></A>RISK
FACTORS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Investing in our securities
involves a high degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific
risk factors discussed in the sections entitled &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; contained in <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000155837025003406/armp-20241231x10k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">our annual report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2024</A> under the heading &ldquo;Item 1A. Risk Factors,&rdquo; and as described or may be described in any subsequent
quarterly report on Form&nbsp;10-Q under the heading &ldquo;Item 1A. Risk Factors,&rdquo; as well as in any applicable prospectus supplement
and contained or to be contained in our filings with the SEC and incorporated by reference in this prospectus, together with all of the
other information contained in this prospectus, or any applicable prospectus supplement. For a description of these reports and documents,
and information about where you can find them, see &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information&rdquo; and &ldquo;Incorporation of Certain
Information by Reference.&rdquo; If any of the risks or uncertainties described in our SEC filings or any prospectus supplement or any
additional risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and
adversely affected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In that case, the trading
price of our securities could decline and you might lose all or part of the value of your investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_005"></A>THE
SECURITIES WE MAY&nbsp;OFFER</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may offer up to $100,000,000
of shares of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants or units in any combination of the foregoing, under this prospectus
at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of offering. This prospectus provides you with a general description
of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer a type or series of securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe
the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A prospectus supplement and
any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you also may add, update or change information contained in
this prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>This prospectus may not
be used to offer or sell securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may sell the securities
directly to or through agents, underwriters or dealers. We, and our agents, dealers or underwriters, reserve the right to accept or reject
all or part of any proposed purchase of securities. If we do offer securities through agents or underwriters, we will include in the applicable
prospectus supplement:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the name of those agents or underwriters;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">applicable fees, discounts and commissions to
be paid to them;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">details regarding options to purchase additional
securities, if any; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the net proceeds to us.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Common Stock.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue shares of our
common stock from time to time. Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders.
Subject to any preferences of any of our preferred stock that may be outstanding, holders of our common stock are entitled to dividends
when and if declared by our board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Preferred Stock.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our board of directors has
the authority, subject to limitations prescribed by Washington law, to issue preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from
time to time the number of shares to be included in each series, and to fix or alter the rights, preferences and privileges of the preferred
stock, along with any limitations or restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges
and liquidation preferences of each class or series of preferred stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each series of preferred stock,
if issued, will be more fully described in the particular prospectus supplement that will accompany this prospectus, including redemption
provisions, rights in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, voting rights and rights to convert into common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Warrants.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue warrants for
the purchase of common stock or preferred stock, in one or more series, from time to time. We may issue warrants independently or together
with common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from our common stock, preferred
stock or debt securities. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the warrants. We urge you, however, to read
the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the particular
series of warrants being offered, as well as the complete warrant agreement and warrant certificate that contain the terms of the warrants.
We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports
that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant agreement, including a form of warrant certificate, that describes the terms of the particular
series of warrants we are offering before the issuance of the related series of warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will evidence each series
of warrants by warrant certificates that we will issue. Warrants may be issued under an applicable warrant agreement that we enter into
with a warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address of the warrant agent, if applicable, in the prospectus supplement relating
to the particular series of warrants being offered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Debt Securities.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may offer secured or unsecured
obligations in the form of one or more series of debt securities, which may be senior, senior subordinated or subordinated obligations.
Any subordinated debt securities generally will be entitled to payment only after payment of our senior debt. Senior debt generally includes
all debt for money borrowed by us, except debt that is stated in the instrument governing the terms of that debt to be not senior to,
or to have the same rank in right of payment as, or to be expressly junior to, the subordinated debt securities. We may issue debt securities
that are convertible into shares of our common stock or preferred stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The debt securities will be
issued under an indenture, as supplemented by a resolution of our board of directors, an officer&rsquo;s certificate or a supplemental
indenture, between us and a trustee. We have summarized the general features of the debt securities to be governed by the indenture. The
indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. We encourage you to read the
indenture. Instructions on how you can get copies of this document are provided under the heading &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Units</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue units comprised
of one or more of the other classes of securities issued by us as described in this prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued
so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_006"></A>SPECIAL
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This prospectus and the documents
incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections
entitled &ldquo;Prospectus Summary&rdquo; and &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in this prospectus or the documents incorporated herein by reference.
These statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and
other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or events to be materially different from any future results, performance
or events expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements
regarding:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our estimates regarding anticipated operating
losses, capital requirements and needs for additional funds;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to raise additional capital when
needed and to continue as a going concern;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to manufacture, or otherwise secure
the manufacture of, sufficient amounts of our product candidates for our preclinical studies and clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our clinical development plans, including planned
clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our research and development plans;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to select combinations of phages
to formulate our product candidates;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our development of bacteriophage-based therapies;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the potential use of bacteriophages to treat
bacterial infections;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the potential future of antibiotic resistance;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the ability for bacteriophage therapies to disrupt
and destroy biofilms and restore sensitivity to antibiotics;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the potential for bacteriophage technology being
uniquely positioned to address the global threat of antibiotic resistance;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our planned development strategy, presenting
data to regulatory agencies and defining planned clinical studies;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the expected timing of additional clinical trials,
including Phase 1b/Phase 2 or registrational clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to manufacture and secure sufficient
quantities of our product candidates for clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the drug product candidates to be supplied by
us for clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the safety and efficacy of our product candidates;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our anticipated regulatory pathways for our product
candidates;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the activities to be performed by specific parties
in connection with clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to successfully complete preclinical
and clinical development of, and obtain regulatory approval of our product candidates and commercialize any approved products on our expected
timeframes or at all;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our pursuit of additional indications;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the content and timing of submissions to and
decisions made by the FDA and other regulatory agencies;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to leverage the experience of our
management team and to attract and retain management and other key personnel;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the capacities and performance of our suppliers,
manufacturers, contract research organizations and other third parties over whom we have limited control;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to staff and maintain our Los Angeles
production facility under fully compliant cGMP;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the actions of our competitors and success of
competing drugs or other therapies that are or may become available;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our expectations with respect to future growth
and investments in our infrastructure, and our ability to effectively manage any such growth;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the size and potential growth of the markets
for any of our product candidates, and our ability to capture share in or impact the size of those markets;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the benefits of our product candidates;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the potential market growth and market and industry
trends;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">maintaining collaborations with third parties
including our partnerships with the CFF and the DoD;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">potential future collaborations with third parties
and the potential markets and market opportunities for product candidates;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to achieve our vision, including
improvements through engineering and success of clinical trials;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to meet anticipated milestones in
the development and testing of the relevant product;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to be a leader in the development
of phage-based therapeutics;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the expected use of proceeds from the $26.2 million
DoD award;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the effects of government regulation and regulatory
developments, and our ability and the ability of the third parties with whom we engage to comply with applicable regulatory requirements;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the accuracy of our estimates regarding future
expenses, revenues, capital requirements and need for additional financing;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our expectations regarding future planned expenditures;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to achieve and maintain effective
internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section&nbsp;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to obtain, maintain and successfully
enforce adequate patent and other intellectual property protection of any of our products and product candidates;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to protect our intellectual property,
including pending and issued patents;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to operate our business without infringing
the intellectual property rights of others;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our ability to advance our clinical development
programs;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the effects of ongoing conflicts between Ukraine
and Russia and in the Middle East, the recent and potential future bank failures or other geopolitical events;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">potential
economic and regulatory impacts on the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and drug manufacturing industries;</FONT></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">effects
of artificial intelligence on our business and the industry as a whole; and</FONT></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">statements of belief and any statement of assumptions
underlying any of the foregoing.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In some cases, you can identify
these statements by terms such as &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo; &ldquo;believe,&rdquo; &ldquo;could,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimate,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;intend,&rdquo; &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;plan,&rdquo; &ldquo;potential,&rdquo; &ldquo;predict,&rdquo; &ldquo;project,&rdquo; &ldquo;should,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;would&rdquo; or the negative of those terms, and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements reflect
our management&rsquo;s beliefs and views with respect to future events and are based on estimates and assumptions as of the date of this
prospectus and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New
risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors
on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those
contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In addition, statements that &ldquo;we believe&rdquo; and similar statements
reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of
this prospectus, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or
incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially
available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance
on any of the forward-looking statements included in this prospectus. In addition, this prospectus also contains estimates, projections
and other information concerning our industry, our business, and the markets for our product candidates, as well as data regarding market
research, estimates and forecasts prepared by our management. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research
or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and
circumstances reflected in this information. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date hereof, and while
we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements
should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You should carefully read
this prospectus, the documents that we incorporate by reference into this prospectus and the documents we reference in this prospectus
and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, completely and with the understanding that
our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of the forward-looking statements in this prospectus
by these cautionary statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as required by law,
we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially
from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_007"></A>USE
OF PROCEEDS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as described in any
prospectus supplement or in any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you, we currently intend to use
the net proceeds from the sale of securities under this prospectus for general corporate purposes, including manufacturing expenses, clinical
trial expenses, research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds
to in-license, invest in or acquire businesses or technologies that we believe are complementary to our own, although we have no current
plans, commitments or agreements with respect to any acquisitions. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty
all of the particular uses of the proceeds from the sale of securities under this prospectus. Accordingly, we will retain broad discretion
over the use of such proceeds. Pending the use of the net proceeds from the sale of securities under this prospectus as described above,
we intend to invest the net proceeds in investment-grade, interest-bearing instruments.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_008"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF CAPITAL STOCK</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our articles of
incorporation authorize us to issue up to 217,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 10,000,000 shares of
preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of August 11, 2025, we had 36,229,842 shares of common stock outstanding and no shares
of preferred stock outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following summary description
of our capital stock is based on the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws and the applicable provisions of the Washington
Business Corporation Act (&ldquo;WBCA&rdquo;). This information is qualified entirely by reference to the applicable provisions of our
articles of incorporation, bylaws and the WBCA. For information on how to obtain copies of our articles of incorporation and bylaws, which
are exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, see &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information&rdquo; and
 &ldquo;Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Common Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Voting</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is entitled
to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders, including the election of directors, except for
matters that are voted on exclusively by a separate class or series of our shareholders and not by the holders of common stock, and does
not have cumulative voting rights. Accordingly, the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock entitled to vote in any election
of directors can elect all of the directors standing for election.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Dividends</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to preferences that
may be applicable to any then-outstanding preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may
be declared from time to time by our board of directors out of legally available funds.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Liquidation</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event of our liquidation,
dissolution or winding-up, holders of our common stock will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution
to shareholders after the payment of all our debts and other liabilities, subject to the satisfaction of any liquidation preference granted
to the holders of any outstanding shares of preferred stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Rights</I></B></FONT><B><I> and
Preferences</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Holders of our common stock
have no preemptive, conversion or subscription rights, and there is no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common
stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the
rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that are outstanding or that we may designate and issue in the future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Fully Paid and Nonassessable</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All of our outstanding shares
of common stock are, and the shares of common stock to be issued in any offering under this prospectus will be, fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Preferred Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our board of directors has
the authority, without further action by the shareholders, to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series,
to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, to fix the rights, preferences and privileges
of the shares of each wholly unissued series and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereon and to increase or decrease the
number of shares of any such series, but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our board of directors may
authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights
of the holders of the common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions
and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in our control
that may otherwise benefit holders of our common stock and may adversely affect the market price of the common stock and the voting and
other rights of the holders of common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">There currently are no provisions
under our amended and restated articles of incorporation or under any other contractual obligations whereby we are required to issue or
sell shares of preferred stock and we have no present plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of Our Articles of Incorporation,
Our Bylaws and Washington Law</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Provisions in our articles
of incorporation, our bylaws and under Washington law may delay or prevent an acquisition of us or a change in our management, including
transactions in which shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares or transactions that our shareholders might otherwise
deem to be in their best interests. Certain of the provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws with an anti-takeover effect
are summarized below. These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current management
by making it difficult for shareholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members
of our management.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Additionally, because we are
incorporated in Washington, we are governed by the provisions of Chapter 23B.19 of the WBCA, which, among other things, prohibits a &ldquo;target
corporation,&rdquo; with certain exceptions, from engaging in certain &ldquo;significant business transactions&rdquo; for a period of
five years after the share acquisition by an &ldquo;acquiring person&rdquo;, unless (a)&nbsp;the significant business transaction is approved
by a majority of the members of the target corporation&rsquo;s board of directors prior to the time of the acquiring person&rsquo;s share
acquisition or (b)&nbsp;the significant business transaction was approved by both the majority of the members of the target corporation&rsquo;s
board of directors and approved at a shareholder meeting by at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting shares (excluding the acquiring
person&rsquo;s shares or shares over which the acquiring person has voting control) at or subsequent to the acquiring person&rsquo;s share
acquisition. An &ldquo;acquiring person&rdquo; is defined as a person or group of persons which beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting
securities of the target corporation. Such significant business transactions may include, among other things:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">any merger or consolidation with, disposition
of assets to, or issuance or redemption of stock to or from, the acquiring person;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">any termination of 5% or more of the employees
of the target corporation as a result of the acquiring person&rsquo;s acquisition of 10% or more of the shares; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">allowing the acquiring person to receive any
disproportionate benefit as a shareholder.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">After the five-year period,
a significant business transaction may take place as long as it complies with certain fair price provisions of the statute or is approved
by a majority of the votes entitled to be counted within each voting group entitled to vote separately on the transaction (excluding the
acquiring person&rsquo;s shares or shares over which the acquiring person has voting control) at an annual or special meeting of shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B><I>Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The provisions of our articles
of incorporation and bylaws may delay or discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change in our control or change in our
management, including transactions in which shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares or transactions that our shareholders
might otherwise deem to be in their best interests. Therefore, these provisions could adversely affect the price of our common stock.
Among other things, our articles of incorporation and bylaws, as applicable:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">permit our board of directors to issue up to
10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, with any rights, preferences and privileges as they may designate (including the right to approve
an acquisition or other change in our control);</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">provide that shareholders seeking to present
proposals before a meeting of shareholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at a meeting of shareholders must provide
advance notice in writing in a timely manner and also specify requirements as to the form and content of a shareholder&rsquo;s notice;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">provide that directors may be removed only for
cause by the holders of not less than two-thirds of the shares entitled to elect the director or directors whose removal is sought;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">require the vote of the holders of at least two-thirds
of the issued and outstanding shares to amend or repeal certain provisions of our articles of incorporation;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">require the vote of the holders of at least two-thirds
of the issued and outstanding shares to approve a &ldquo;Business Combination&rdquo; (as defined in our articles of incorporation) that
is not approved by the &ldquo;Continuing Directors&rdquo;;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">require the approval of a majority of the Continuing
Directors to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws that may be amended or repealed by the board of directors and require the approval of the
holders of not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares to adopt, amend or repeal our bylaws; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">does not provide for cumulative voting rights.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>NYSE American Listing</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is listed
on the NYSE American under the symbol &ldquo;ARMP.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Transfer Agent and Registrar</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The transfer agent and registrar
for our common stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A. The transfer agent and registrar&rsquo;s address is 150 Royall Street, Canton,
MA 02021.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_009"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF THE DEBT SECURITIES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of the date of this prospectus,
we have no debt securities issued and outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following description,
together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the material terms and provisions
of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future
debt securities we may offer, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable
prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities we offer under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will issue notes under
an indenture, which we will enter into with the trustee named in the indenture. Any indenture will be qualified under the Trust Indenture
Act of 1939. You should read the summary below, the applicable prospectus supplement and the provisions of the applicable indenture and
any related security documents, if any, in their entirety before investing in our debt securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will describe in each prospectus
supplement the following terms relating to a series of debt securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the title;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the principal amount being offered, and if a
series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">any limit on the amount that may be issued;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">whether or not we will issue the series of debt
securities in global form, and if so, the terms and who the depository will be;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the maturity date;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the principal amount due at maturity, and whether
the debt securities will be issued with an original issue discount;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">whether and under what circumstances, if any,
we will pay additional amounts on any debt securities held by a person who is not a United States person for tax purposes, and whether
we can redeem the debt securities if we have to pay such additional amounts;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the annual interest rate, which may be fixed
or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and
the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">whether or not the debt securities will be secured
or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the terms of the subordination of any series
of subordinated debt;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the place where payments will be payable;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment,
if any;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our right, if any, to defer payment of interest
and the maximum length of any such deferral period;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the date, if any, after which the conditions
upon which, and the price at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional
redemption provisions and the terms of those redemptions provisions;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the date, if any, on which, and the price at
which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder&rsquo;s
option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">whether the indenture will restrict our ability
to pay dividends, or will require us to maintain any asset ratios or reserves;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">whether we will be restricted from incurring
any additional indebtedness, issuing additional securities, or entering into a merger, consolidation or sale of our business;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">a discussion of any material or special United
States federal income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">information describing any book-entry features;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">provisions for a sinking fund purchase or other
analogous fund, if any;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">any provisions for payment of additional amounts
for taxes and any provision for redemption, if we must pay such additional amount with respect to any debt security;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">whether the debt securities are to be offered
at a price such that they will be deemed to be offered at an &ldquo;original issue discount&rdquo; as defined in paragraph (a)&nbsp;of
Section&nbsp;1273 of the Internal Revenue Code;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the denominations in which we will issue the
series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the terms on which a series of debt securities
may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, any other of our securities or securities of a third party, and whether
conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">events of default;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">whether we and/or the debenture trustee may change
an indenture without the consent of any holders;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the form of debt security and how it may be exchanged
and transferred;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">descriptions of the debenture trustee and paying
agent, and the method of payments; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">any other specific terms, preferences, rights
or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, including any additional events of default or covenants provided with respect
to the debt securities, and any terms which may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Specific indentures will contain
additional important terms and provisions and will be incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement that includes
this prospectus, or as an exhibit to a report filed under the Exchange Act, incorporated by reference in this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><BR>
</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_010"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF WARRANTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue warrants for
the purchase of common stock or preferred stock, in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or together with common stock,
preferred stock or debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities.
While the terms summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer, we will describe the particular terms of any
series of warrants in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement
may differ from the terms described below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will file as an exhibit
to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the
SEC, the form of warrant agreement, including a form of warrant certificate, that describes the terms of the particular series of warrants
we are offering before the issuance of the related series of warrants. The following summaries of material provisions of the warrants
and the warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement
and warrant certificate applicable to the particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus. We urge you to read the
applicable prospectus supplements related to the particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as any
related free writing prospectuses, and the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>General</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will describe in the applicable
prospectus supplement the terms of the series of warrants being offered, including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the offering price and aggregate number of warrants
offered;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the currency for which the warrants may be purchased;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">if applicable, the number of warrants issued
with each share of common stock or preferred stock, or with the principal amount of any debt security;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">if applicable, the date on and after which the
warrants and the related shares will be separately transferable;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the number of shares of common stock or preferred
stock purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale
or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreements and the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the terms of any rights to redeem or call the
warrants;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">any provisions for changes to or adjustments
in the exercise price or number of shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the dates on which the right to exercise the
warrants will commence and expire;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the manner in which the warrant agreements and
warrants may be modified; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">any other specific terms, preferences, rights
or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Before exercising their warrants,
holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon such exercise, including
the right to receive dividends, if any, or payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or to exercise voting rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Exercise of Warrants</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each warrant will entitle
the holder to purchase the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement
at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus
supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set
forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Holders of the warrants may
exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information,
and paying the required amount to the warrant agent in immediately available funds, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We will set forth on the reverse side of the warrant certificate and in the applicable prospectus supplement the information that the
holder of the warrant will be required to deliver to the warrant agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon receipt of the required
payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other
office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the shares purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer
than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining
amount of warrants. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all
or part of the exercise price for warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Governing Law</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless we provide otherwise
in the applicable prospectus supplement, the warrants and warrant agreements will be governed by and construed in accordance with the
laws of the State of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each warrant agent will act
solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with
any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent
will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty
or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without
the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise,
and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_011"></A>DESCRIPTION
OF UNITS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue units comprised
of one or more of the other classes of securities described in this prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the
holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations
of a holder of each included security. The units may be issued under unit agreements to be entered into between us and a unit agent, as
detailed in the prospectus supplement relating to the units being offered. The prospectus supplement will describe:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the designation and terms of the units and of
the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities comprising the units may be held or
transferred separately;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">a description of the terms of any unit agreement
governing the units;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">a description of the provisions for the payment,
settlement, transfer or exchange of the units;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">a discussion of material federal income tax considerations,
if applicable; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">whether the units if issued as a separate security
will be issued in fully registered or global form.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The descriptions of the units
in this prospectus and in any prospectus supplement are summaries of the material provisions of the applicable unit agreements. These
descriptions do not restate those unit agreements in their entirety and may not contain all the information that you may find useful.
We urge you to read the applicable unit agreements because they, and not the summaries, define your rights as holders of the units. For
more information, please review the forms of the relevant unit agreements, which will be filed with the SEC promptly after the offering
of units and will be available as described in the section titled &ldquo;Where You Can Find More Information.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_012"></A>LEGAL
OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We can issue securities in
registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We describe global securities in greater detail below. We refer to those
persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee, depository or warrant agent
maintain for this purpose as the &ldquo;holders&rdquo; of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the securities. We
refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names,
as &ldquo;indirect holders&rdquo; of those securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As we discuss below, indirect
holders are not legal holders, and investors in securities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Book-Entry Holders</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may issue securities in
book-entry form only, as we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more
global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other financial institutions
that participate in the depositary&rsquo;s book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants,
in turn hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of themselves or their customers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Only the person in whose name
a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security. Securities issued in global form will be registered in the name
of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for securities issued in global form, we will recognize only the depositary as the
holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the depositary. The depositary passes along the payments
it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary
and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under
the terms of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As a result, investors in
a book-entry security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank,
broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary&rsquo;s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant.
As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect holders, and not holders, of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Street Name Holders</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may terminate a global
security or issue securities in non-global form. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in
 &ldquo;street name.&rdquo; Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial
institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial interest in those securities through an account he
or she maintains at that institution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For securities held in street
name, we will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered
as the holders of those securities, and we will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments
they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because
they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not holders, of those securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Legal Holders</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our obligations, as well as
the obligations of any applicable trustee and of any third parties employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities.
We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means.
This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities
only in global form.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For example, once we make
a payment or give a notice to the holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required,
under agreements with depositary participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Special Considerations for Indirect Holders</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If you hold securities through
a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form or in street name, you should check with your bank, broker or
other financial institution to find out:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">how it handles securities payments and notices;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">whether it imposes fees or charges;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">how it would handle a request for the holders&rsquo;
consent, if ever required;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">whether and how you can instruct it to send you
securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that is permitted in the future;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">how it would exercise rights under the securities
if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">if the securities are in book-entry form, how
the depositary&rsquo;s rules&nbsp;and procedures will affect these matters.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Global Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A global security is a security
that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same
global securities will have the same terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each security issued in book-entry
form will be represented by a global security that we deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee
that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the
applicable prospectus supplement, the Depository Trust Company (&ldquo;DTC&rdquo;), will be the depositary for all securities issued in
book-entry form.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A global security may not
be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special
termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under &ldquo;Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated.&rdquo;
As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and holder of all securities represented
by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must
be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with
another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a holder of the security,
but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the prospectus supplement
for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued in global form only, then the security will be represented by a global
security at all times unless and until the global security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the securities through another
book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Special Considerations for Global Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As an indirect holder, an
investor&rsquo;s rights relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules&nbsp;of the investor&rsquo;s financial institution
and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of
securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If securities are issued only
in the form of a global security, an investor should be aware of the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">An investor cannot cause the securities to be
registered in his or her name and cannot obtain non-global certificates for his or her interest in the securities, except in the special
situations we describe below.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">An investor will be an indirect holder and must
look to his or her own bank, broker or other financial institution for payments on the securities and protection of his or her legal rights
relating to the securities, as we describe above.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">An investor may not be able to sell interests
in the securities to some insurance companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry
form.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">An investor may not be able to pledge his or
her interest in a global security in circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the lender or other
beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The depositary&rsquo;s policies, which may change
from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor&rsquo;s interest in a global security.
We and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary&rsquo;s actions or for its records of ownership
interests in a global security. We and the trustee also do not supervise the depositary in any way.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The depositary may, and we understand that DTC
will, require that those who purchase and sell interests in a global security within its book-entry system use immediately available funds,
and your broker or bank may require you to do so as well.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Financial institutions that participate in the
depositary&rsquo;s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in a global security, may also have their own policies
affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the securities. There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain
of ownership for an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In a few special situations
described below, the global security will terminate, and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those
interests. After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors
must consult their own banks, brokers or other financial institutions to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred
to their own name, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The global security will terminate
when the following special situations occur:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling,
unable or no longer qualified to continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution to act as depositary
within 90 days;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish
to terminate that global security; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">if an event of default has occurred with regard
to securities represented by that global security and has not been cured or waived.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The applicable prospectus
supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series of securities
covered by the prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and not we or any applicable trustee, is responsible
for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_013"></A>PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may sell our securities
covered by this prospectus in any of three ways (or in any combination):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">to or through underwriters or dealers;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">directly to one or more purchasers; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">through agents.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may distribute the securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">from time to time in one or more transactions
at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed from time to time;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&ldquo;at the market&rdquo; offerings, as defined
in Rule&nbsp;415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;), at negotiated prices, at prices prevailing
at the time of sale or at prices related to such prevailing market prices, including sales made directly on a national securities exchange
or sales made through a market maker other than on an exchange or other similar offerings through sales agents; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">at negotiated prices.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each time we offer and sell
securities covered by this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement or supplements that will describe the method of distribution
and set forth the terms of the offering, including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the name or names of any underwriters, dealers
or agents;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the amounts of securities underwritten or purchased
by each of them;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the purchase price of securities and the proceeds
we will receive from the sale;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">any option under which underwriters may purchase
additional securities from us;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">any underwriting discounts or commissions or
agency fees and other items constituting underwriters&rsquo; or agents&rsquo; compensation;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the public offering price of the securities;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed
or reallowed or paid to dealers; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">any securities exchange or market on which the
securities may be listed.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any public offering price
and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time. We may determine the price
or other terms of the securities offered under this prospectus by use of an electronic auction. We will describe how any auction will
determine the price or any other terms, how potential investors may participate in the auction and the nature of the obligations of the
underwriter, dealer or agent in the applicable prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Underwriters or dealers may
offer and sell the offered securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public
offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. If underwriters or dealers are used in the sale of any securities,
the securities will be acquired by the underwriters or dealers for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more
transactions described above. The securities may be either offered to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing
underwriters, or directly by underwriters or dealers. Generally, the underwriters&rsquo; or dealers&rsquo; obligations to purchase the
securities will be subject to certain conditions precedent. The underwriters or dealers will be obligated to purchase all of the securities
if they purchase any of the securities, unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement. We may use underwriters with whom we
have a material relationship. We will describe the nature of any such relationship in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We may sell the securities
through agents from time to time. The prospectus supplement will name any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities and any
commissions we pay to them. Generally, any agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment. We may authorize
underwriters, dealers or agents to solicit offers by certain purchasers to purchase the securities from us at the public offering price
set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in
the future. The contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus supplement
will set forth any commissions we pay for solicitation of these contracts.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Agents, dealers and underwriters
may be entitled to indemnification by us against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution
with respect to payments which the agents, dealers or underwriters may be required to make in respect thereof. Agents, dealers and underwriters
may engage in transactions with, or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All securities we may offer,
other than common stock, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these
securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee the
liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any underwriter may engage
in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange
Act. Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. This short sales position may involve
either &ldquo;covered&rdquo; short sales or &ldquo;naked&rdquo; short sales. Covered short sales are short sales made in an amount not
greater than the underwriters&rsquo; over-allotment option to purchase additional securities in the relevant offering. The underwriters
may close out any covered short position either by exercising their over-allotment option or by purchasing securities in the open market.
To determine how they will close the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of securities
available for purchase in the open market, as compared to the price at which they may purchase securities through the over-allotment option.
Naked short sales are short sales in excess of the over-allotment option. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by
purchasing securities in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that,
in the open market after pricing, there may be downward pressure on the price of the securities that could adversely affect investors
who purchase securities in the offering. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security for the purpose of fixing
the price of the security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim
a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a covering transaction to cover
short positions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any underwriters who are qualified
market makers on the NYSE American may engage in passive market making transactions in our common stock, preferred stock, warrants and
debt securities, as applicable on the NYSE American in accordance with Rule&nbsp;103 of Regulation M, during the business day prior to
the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. Passive market makers must comply with applicable
volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid
at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market
maker&rsquo;s bid, however, the passive market maker&rsquo;s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Similar to other purchase
transactions, an underwriter&rsquo;s purchase to cover the syndicate short sales or to stabilize the market price of our securities may
have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our securities or preventing or mitigating a decline in the market price
of our securities. As a result, the price of our securities may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market.
The imposition of a penalty bid might also have an effect on the price of the securities if it discourages resales of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Neither we nor any underwriter
makes any representation or prediction as to the effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the securities.
If such transactions are commenced, they may be discontinued without notice at any time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_014"></A>LEGAL
MATTERS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The validity of the securities
being offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Willkie Farr&nbsp;&amp; Gallagher LLP, New York, New York, and Ballard
Spahr LLP, Seattle, Washington.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_015"></A>EXPERTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; color: #333333">Ernst&nbsp;&amp;
Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements included in <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000155837025003406/armp-20241231x10k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">our Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2024</A>, as set forth in their report (which contains an explanatory paragraph describing
conditions that raise substantial doubt about Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc.&rsquo;s ability to continue as a going concern as described
in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements) which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration
statement. Our consolidated financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on Ernst&nbsp;&amp; Young LLP&rsquo;s report,
given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a_016"></A>WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have filed with the SEC
a registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 under the Securities Act, with respect to the securities being offered by this prospectus. This
prospectus does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and its exhibits. For further information with respect
to us and the securities offered by this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement and its exhibits. Statements contained
in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or any other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and in each instance,
we refer you to the copy of the contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. Each of these statements
is qualified in all respects by this reference. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements, and other information
about registrants, like us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is <U>www.sec.gov</U>. The information
contained in, or that can be accessed through, the SEC&rsquo;s website is not incorporated by reference in, and is not part of, this prospectus
or any prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are subject to the information
and periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and we file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the
SEC. We maintain a website at https://www.armatapharma.com/. You may access our annual reports on Form&nbsp;10-K, quarterly reports on
Form&nbsp;10-Q, current reports on Form&nbsp;8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a)&nbsp;or
15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act with the SEC free of charge at our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically
filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by
reference in, and is not part of, this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_017"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>INCORPORATION
OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The SEC allows us to &ldquo;incorporate
by reference&rdquo; information that we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to
those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus. Information in this prospectus supersedes
information incorporated by reference that we filed with the SEC prior to the date of this prospectus, while information that we file
later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained
in this prospectus or free writing prospectus provided to you in connection with this offering, or in any other document we subsequently
file with the SEC that also is incorporated by reference in this prospectus, modifies or supersedes the original statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following documents, which
we have filed with the SEC are incorporated by reference in this prospectus:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000155837025003406/armp-20241231x10k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></A></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000155837025003406/armp-20241231x10k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the fiscal
year ended December&nbsp;31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March&nbsp;20, 2025;</FONT></A></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our quarterly reports on Form&nbsp;10-Q for the
quarters ended March&nbsp;31, 2025 and June&nbsp;30, 2025 filed with the SEC on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000155837025007765/armp-20250331x10q.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">May&nbsp;14, 2025</A> and <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000155837025011235/armp-20250630x10q.htm">August&nbsp;12, 2025</A>, respectively;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">our Current Reports on Form&nbsp;8-K, filed with
the SEC on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000110465925023015/tm258929d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">March&nbsp;12, 2025</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000110465925031127/tm2511032d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">April&nbsp;2, 2025</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000110465925043017/tm2513778d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">May&nbsp;1, 2025</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000110465925059346/tm2517977d1_8k.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">June&nbsp;13, 2025</A>, and <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000155837025011227/armp-20250811x8k.htm">August&nbsp;12, 2025</A> (only with respect to information
filed under items 1.01, 2.03 and 9.01);</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the portions of <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000110465925040273/tm252577-4_def14a.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A that are deemed to have been &ldquo;filed&rdquo; with the SEC on April&nbsp;28, 2025</A>;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the description of our common stock contained
in our registration statement on <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000114420415050355/v418421_8a12b.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form&nbsp;8-A, filed with the SEC on August&nbsp;18, 2015</A>, including all amendments and reports filed
for the purpose of updating such description.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All documents subsequently
filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, and 15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and prior to the
termination of all offerings covered by this prospectus hereby shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus and
to be part hereof from the date of filing of such documents; <I>provided, however,</I> that documents or information deemed to have been
furnished and not filed in accordance with SEC rules&nbsp;shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any statement contained herein
or in a document, all or a portion of which is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein, shall be deemed to be modified
or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document
which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified
or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or amended, to constitute a part of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We will furnish without charge
to you, on written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference, including exhibits to these documents.
You should direct any requests for documents by writing us at 5005 McConnell Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90066, Attention: SVP Finance,
or telephoning us at (310) 665-2928.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The SEC maintains a website
that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC
(http://www.sec.gov). In addition, we maintain a website at <I>www.armatapharma.com/</I>. Information contained in our website does not
constitute a part of this prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>PART&nbsp;II</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets forth
the costs and expenses, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by the registrant in connection with the offering
of the securities pursuant to this registration statement:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 87%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">SEC registration fee&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 10%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">15,310</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Accounting fees and expenses&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Legal fees and expenses&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Printing and miscellaneous expenses&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total&#9;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">15,310</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">*</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">These fees and expenses depend on the securities offered and the number of issuances, and accordingly
cannot be estimated as of the date of this prospectus.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Item 15. Indemnification of Officers and
Directors.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The registrant is incorporated
under the laws of the State of Washington. Under certain circumstances, Sections 23B.08.510 and 23B.08.570 of the Washington Business
Corporation Act (the &ldquo;WBCA&rdquo;) authorize Washington corporations to indemnify directors and officers against expenses and liabilities
incurred in legal proceedings in which they are involved by reason of being a director or officer, as applicable. Under certain circumstances,
Sections 23B.08.520 and 23B.08.570 obligate Washington corporations to indemnify directors and officers against reasonable expenses incurred
in legal proceedings in which they are involved by reason of being a director or officer, as applicable. Sections 23B.08.560 and 23B.08.570
of the WBCA authorizes a Washington corporation, if authorized by its articles of incorporation, by a provision in the corporation&rsquo;s
bylaws adopted or ratified by its shareholders, or a resolution adopted or ratified by its shareholders, to indemnify or agree to indemnify
a director or officer made a party to a proceeding, or obligate itself to advance or reimburse expenses incurred in a proceeding, without
regard to the limitations imposed by Sections 23B.08.510 through 23B.08.550; provided, however, that no such indemnity shall indemnify
any director or officer (to the same extent as a director) from or on account of (a)&nbsp;acts or omissions of the director or officer
finally adjudged to be intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (b)&nbsp;conduct of the director or officer finally adjudged
to be in violation of Section&nbsp;23B.08.310 of the WBCA (which section relates to unlawful distributions) or (c)&nbsp;any transaction
with respect to which it was finally adjudged that such director personally received a benefit in money, property or services to which
the director was not legally entitled.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Article&nbsp;11 of the registrant&rsquo;s
articles of incorporation, provides that, to the fullest extent that the WBCA permits the limitation or elimination of the liability of
a director, a director shall not be liable to the registrant or its shareholders for monetary damages for conduct as a director. Section&nbsp;10
of the registrant&rsquo;s amended and restated bylaws requires the registrant to indemnify every present or former director or officer
against expenses, liabilities and losses incurred in connection with serving as a director or officer, as applicable, and to advance expenses
of such director or officer incurred in defending any proceeding covered by the indemnity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The registrant maintains a
policy of directors&rsquo; and officers&rsquo; liability insurance that insures the directors and officers against the cost of defense,
settlement or payment of a judgment under certain circumstances. The registrant has also entered into indemnification agreements with
its executive officers and directors that provide for the indemnification of directors and executive officers to the fullest extent permitted
by the Washington Business Corporation Act against expenses reasonably incurred by such persons in any threatened, pending or completed
action, suit, investigation or proceeding in connection with their service as (i)&nbsp;a director or officer or (ii)&nbsp;a director,
officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with
respect to employee benefit plans, at the registrant&rsquo;s request. In addition, the indemnification agreements provide the registrant
with the obligation to advance expenses under certain circumstances and provide for procedural protections, including a determination
by a reviewing party as to whether the indemnitee is permitted to be indemnified under applicable law. In addition, the registrant acknowledges
that it will be the indemnitor of first resort should the indemnitee have rights to indemnification provided by other persons.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The registrant may enter into
one or more underwriting agreements which provides that the underwriters are obligated, under some circumstances, to indemnify the registrant&rsquo;s
directors, officers and controlling persons against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Item 16. Exhibits</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">See the Exhibit&nbsp;Index
on the page&nbsp;immediately following the signature page&nbsp;to this registration statement for a list of exhibits filed as part of
this registration statement, which Exhibit&nbsp;Index is incorporated herein by reference.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Item 17. Undertakings</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> (a)</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(1)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this
Registration Statement:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">To include any prospectus required by Section&nbsp;10(a)(3)&nbsp;of the Securities Act;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration
Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change
in the information set forth in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities
offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or
high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;if,
in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set
forth in the &ldquo;Calculation of Registration Fee&rdquo; table in the effective Registration Statement.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed
in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><I>provided, however</I></FONT>,
that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii)&nbsp;and (1)(iii)&nbsp;do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment
by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;15(d)&nbsp;of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), that are incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;that is part of the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(2)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective
amendment shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial <I>bona fide</I> offering thereof.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(3)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered
which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(5)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(A)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)(3)&nbsp;shall be deemed to be part
of the Registration Statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the Registration Statement; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(B)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7)&nbsp;as part of
a Registration Statement in reliance on Rule&nbsp;430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x)&nbsp;for
the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a)&nbsp;of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included
in the Registration Statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the
first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule&nbsp;430B, for liability purposes
of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the Registration
Statement relating to the securities in the Registration Statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial <I>bona fide</I> offering thereof. <I>Provided, however</I>, that no statement made in
a Registration Statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated
by reference into the Registration Statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement will, as to a purchaser with a time
of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the Registration Statement or prospectus
that was part of the Registration Statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(6)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser
in the initial distribution of the securities: the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned
registrant pursuant to this Registration Statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser,
if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will
be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required
to be filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant
or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information
about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(b)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, each filing of the registrant&rsquo;s annual report pursuant to section 13(a)&nbsp;or section 15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange
Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&rsquo;s annual report pursuant to section 15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange
Act) that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the
securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial <I>bona fide</I> offering
thereof.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(h)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors,
officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised
that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred
or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is
asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless
in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the
question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final
adjudication of such issue.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(i)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(1)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form
of prospectus filed as part of this Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule&nbsp;430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed
by the registrant pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)(l)&nbsp;or (4)&nbsp;or 497(h)&nbsp;under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be a part
of the Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(2)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that
contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering
of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial <I>bona fide</I> offering thereof.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(j)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the
eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a)&nbsp;of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act (the &ldquo;Act&rdquo;) in accordance
with the rules&nbsp;and regulations prescribed by the Commission under section 305(b)(2)&nbsp;of the Act.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SIGNATURES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Act, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing
on Form&nbsp;S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized,
in the City of Los Angeles, State of California, on August&nbsp;13, 2025.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARMATA
    PHARMACEUTICALS,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Deborah L. Birx, M.D.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deborah
    L. Birx, M.D.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a_001"></A><B>POWER OF ATTORNEY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">KNOW ALL BY THESE PRESENTS,
that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Deborah L. Birx and David House, and each of them, as his or her
true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with the full power of substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place or
stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this registration statement (including post-effective amendments),
and to sign any registration statement for the same offering covered by this registration statement that is to be effective upon filing
pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(b)&nbsp;promulgated under the Securities Act, and all post-effective amendments thereto, and to file the same,
with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said
attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and
necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby
ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be
done by virtue hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Act, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 32%"><B>Signature</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 32%"><B>Title</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 32%"><B>Date</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Deborah
    L. Birx, M.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer
    and</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">August 13, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deborah L. Birx, M.D. </FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Member of the Board of Directors</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(Principal Executive
    Officer)</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ <FONT>David
    House</FONT></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Senior Vice President, Finance</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">August 13, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David House</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(Principal Financial
    and Accounting Officer)</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ <FONT>Robin
    C. Kramer</FONT></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chairman of the Board of
    Directors</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">August 13, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Robin C. Kramer</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Jules Haimovitz
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Member of the Board of Directors</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">August 13, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jules Haimovitz</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Odysseas
    D. Kostas, M.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Member of the Board of Directors</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">August 13, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Odysseas D. Kostas, M.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Joseph M.
    Patti, Ph.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Member of the Board of Directors</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">August 13, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joseph M. Patti, Ph.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Todd C.
    Peterson, Ph.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Member of the Board of Directors</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">August 13, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Todd C. Peterson, Ph.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Sarah J.
    Schlesinger, M.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Member of the Board of Directors</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">August 13, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sarah J. Schlesinger, M.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;INDEX</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 10%"><B>Exhibit <BR>
    Number</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 88%"><B>Description of Document</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">1.1^</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">Form of Underwriting Agreement</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000114420415066161/v421749_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.1</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000114420415066161/v421749_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amended
    and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company&rsquo;s
    Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on November 16, 2015).</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000114420417021763/v464998_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.2</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000114420417021763/v464998_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT>Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of the
    Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-37544), filed
    with the SEC on April 24, 2017).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000114420418058340/tv505699_ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.3</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000114420418058340/tv505699_ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT>Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of the
    Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company&rsquo;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on November 8, 2018).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000114420419025292/tv521048_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.4</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000114420419025292/tv521048_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT>Articles of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of
    Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-37544),
    filed with the SEC on May 10, 2019).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000114420419025292/tv521048_ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.5</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000114420419025292/tv521048_ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT>Articles of Merger, dated as of May 9, 2019 (incorporated
    by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-37544), filed with the SEC on May 10, 2019).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000110465919071854/tm1924941d1_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.6</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000110465919071854/tm1924941d1_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT>Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of the
    registrant, dated as of December 10, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File
    No. 001-37544), filed with the SEC on December 11, 2019).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000110465920040578/tm2014179d1_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.7</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000110465920040578/tm2014179d1_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of the Company
    (effective March 26, 2020) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-37544),
    filed with the SEC on March 30, 2020).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000155837019008168/armp-20190630ex35124c484.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.8</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000155837019008168/armp-20190630ex35124c484.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT>Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant (incorporated
    by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-37544), filed with the SEC on August 14, 2019).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000110465919071854/tm1924941d1_ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.9</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000110465919071854/tm1924941d1_ex3-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT>Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant
    (December 10, 2019) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-37544), filed
    with the SEC on December 11, 2019).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000110465920025375/tm2010968d1_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.10</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000110465920025375/tm2010968d1_ex3-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit"><FONT>Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant
    (February 24, 2020) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-37544), filed
    with the SEC on February 26, 2020).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000114420419025292/tv521048_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.11</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921114/000114420419025292/tv521048_ex4-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Specimen Common Stock Certificate of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to
    the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 10, 2019).</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex4-12.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">4.12</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex4-12.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form
    of Indenture.</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">4.13^</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">Form of Debt Security.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">4.14^</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">Form of Certificate of Designation.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">4.15^</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">Form of Preferred Stock Certificate.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">4.16^</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">Form of Warrant Agreement.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">4.17^</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">Form of Unit Certificate.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex5-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">5.1</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex5-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Opinion of Ballard Spahr LLP.</A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex5-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">5.2</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex5-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Opinion of Willkie Farr &amp; Gallagher
    LLP<U>.</U></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex5-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">23.1</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex5-1.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Consent of Ballard Spahr LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).</A></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt; width: 10%"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex5-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">23.2</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt; width: 88%"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex5-2.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Consent of Willkie Farr &amp; Gallagher
    LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2)<U>.</U></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex23-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">23.3 </A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex23-3.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Consent of Independent Registered
    Public Accounting Firm<U>.</U></A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="#a_001" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">24.1 </A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="#a_001" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Power of Attorney (included on signature page).
    </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">25.1*</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Indenture</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">101</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt">Interactive Data File.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex-filingfees.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">107</A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 6.25pt"><A HREF="tm2523066d1_ex-filingfees.htm" STYLE="-sec-extract: exhibit">Filing Fee Table.</A></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">* To be filed by amendment to this registration
statement.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">^ To be filed by amendment or incorporated by
reference in connection with the offering of a particular class or series of securities</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.12
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>tm2523066d1_ex4-12.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.12
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit&#8239;4.12</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#8239;<B>Form&#8239;of
Indenture</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARMATA PHARMACEUTICALS,&#8239;INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">as ISSUER</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin: 3pt auto; width: 25%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid">&#8239;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">As INDENTURE TRUSTEE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">INDENTURE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Dated as of __________, _____</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>TABLE OF CONTENTS</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE I <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DEFINITIONS
    AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE</FONT></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 1.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 85%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Definitions</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 1.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other Definitions</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 1.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 1.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rules of Construction</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE II THE SECURITIES </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issuable in Series</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Execution and Authentication</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registrar and Paying Agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holder Lists</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Transfer and Exchange</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.08</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.09</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Outstanding Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Treasury Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temporary Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cancellation</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Defaulted Interest</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.14</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Global Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 2.15</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CUSIP Numbers</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE III REDEMPTION</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice to Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Selection of Securities to be Redeemed</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice of Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effect of Notice of Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deposit of Redemption Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 3.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities Redeemed in Part</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&#8239;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE IV COVENANTS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 85%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment of Principal and Interest</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SEC Reports</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compliance Certificate</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 4.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stay, Extension and Usury Laws</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE V SUCCESSORS </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When Company May Merge, Etc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 5.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Successor Corporation Substituted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE VI DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Events of Default</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee May File Proofs of Claim</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Application of Money Collected</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Limitation on Suits</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.08</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal
and Interest</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.09</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restoration of Rights and Remedies</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rights and Remedies Cumulative</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Delay or Omission Not Waiver</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Control by Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Waiver of Past Defaults</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 6.14</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Undertaking for Costs</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE VII TRUSTEE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 85%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Duties of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rights of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Individual Rights of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee&rsquo;s Disclaimer</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice of Defaults</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reports by Trustee to Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compensation and Indemnity</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.08</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Replacement of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.09</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eligibility; Disqualification</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 7.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE VIII SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Covenant Defeasance</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Repayment to Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 8.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reinstatement</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE IX AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Without Consent of Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">With Consent of Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Limitations</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compliance with Trust Indenture Act</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revocation and Effect of Consents</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notation on or Exchange of Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 9.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee Protected</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 85%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trust Indenture Act Controls</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notices</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Communication by Holders with Other Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rules by Trustee and Agents</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal Holidays</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.08</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No Recourse Against Others</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.09</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Counterparts</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Governing Laws</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Successors</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Severability</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.14</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.15</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities in a Foreign Currency</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 10.16</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Judgment Currency</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD>&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE XI SINKING FUNDS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&#8239;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Applicability of Article</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section 11.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Indenture dated as of______________,
______ between Armata Pharmaceuticals,&#8239;Inc., a Washington corporation (&ldquo;<I>Company</I>&rdquo;), and ____________________,
a _______________________ corporation, as trustee (&ldquo;Trustee&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each party agrees as follows
for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&#8239;I</B></FONT><B><BR>
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;1.01&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Definitions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Additional Amounts</I>&rdquo;
means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid
by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are owing to such Holders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Affiliate</I>&rdquo;
of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified person. For the purposes of this definition, &ldquo;control&rdquo; (including, with correlative meanings,
the terms &ldquo;controlled by&rdquo; and &ldquo;under common control with&rdquo;), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the
possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether
through the ownership of voting securities or by agreement or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Agent</I>&rdquo;
means any Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Applicable Procedures</I>&rdquo;
means, with respect to any transfer or transaction involving a Global Security or beneficial interest therein, the rules&#8239;and procedures
of DTC or any successor Depositary, in each case to the extent applicable to such transaction and as in effect from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Authorized Newspaper</I>&rdquo;
means a newspaper in an official language of the country of publication customarily published at least once a day for at least five days
in each calendar week and of general circulation in the place in connection with which the term is used. If it shall be impractical in
the opinion of the Trustee to make any publication of any notice required hereby in an Authorized Newspaper, any publication or other
notice in lieu thereof that is made or given by the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient publication of such notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Bearer</I>&rdquo;
means anyone in possession from time to time of a Bearer Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Bearer Security</I>&rdquo;
means any Security, including any interest coupon appertaining thereto, that does not provide for the identification of the Holder thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Board of Directors</I>&rdquo;
means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Board Resolution</I>&rdquo;
means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of
Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and
delivered to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Business Day</I>&rdquo;
means, unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officers&rsquo; Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series,
any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in New York, New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required by
law, regulation or executive order to close.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Capital Interests</I>&rdquo;
means any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of capital stock, including, without
limitation, with respect to partnerships, partnership interests (whether general or limited) and any other interest or participation
that confers on a person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of or distributions of assets of, such partnership.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Company</I>&rdquo;
means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Company Order</I>&rdquo;
means a written order signed in the name of the Company by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company&rsquo;s principal executive
officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Company Request</I>&rdquo;
means a written request signed in the name of the Company by its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or a Vice President,
and by its Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Corporate Trust
Office</I>&rdquo; means the office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be principally administered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Default</I>&rdquo;
means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Depository</I>&rdquo;
means, with respect to the Securities of any Series&#8239;issuable or issued in whole or part in the form of one or more Global Securities,
the person designated as Depositary for such Series&#8239;by the Company, which Depository shall be a clearing agency registered under
the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, &ldquo;Depository&rdquo; as used with respect to the Securities
of any Series&#8239;shall mean the Depository with respect to the Securities of such Series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Discount Security</I>&rdquo;
means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of
acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;6.02.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Dollars</I>&rdquo;
and &ldquo;<I>$</I>&rdquo; means the currency of the United States of America.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>DTC</I>&rdquo;
means the Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Exchange Act</I>&rdquo;
means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules&#8239;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Foreign Currency</I>&rdquo;
means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of the United States of America.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Foreign Government
Obligations</I>&rdquo; means, with respect to Securities of any Series&#8239;that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, (i)&#8239;direct
obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and
credit is pledged or (ii)&#8239;obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or instrumentality of such
government the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by such government, which,
in either case under clauses (i)&#8239;or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>GAAP</I>&rdquo;
means generally accepted accounting principles promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or by such other entity as the
SEC may designate for that purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Global Security</I>&rdquo;
or &ldquo;<I>Global Securities</I>&rdquo; means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;2.02
evidencing all or part of a Series&#8239;of Securities, issued to the Depository for such Series&#8239;or its nominee, and registered in
the name of such Depository or nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Holder</I>&rdquo;
means a person in whose name a Security is registered or the holder of a Bearer Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Indenture</I>&rdquo;
means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series&#8239;of Securities
established as contemplated hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>interest</I>&rdquo;
with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity means interest payable after Maturity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Maturity</I>&rdquo;
when used with respect to any Security or installment of principal thereof means the date on which the principal of such Security or
such installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration
of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Officer</I>&rdquo;
means the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, any Vice-President, the Treasurer, the Secretary, any Assistant Treasurer
or any Assistant Secretary of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Officers&rsquo;
Certificate</I>&rdquo; means a certificate signed by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company&rsquo;s principal executive officer,
principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Opinion of Counsel</I>&rdquo;
means a written opinion of legal counsel who is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to
the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>person</I>&rdquo;
means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated
organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>principal</I>&rdquo;
of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect
of the Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Responsible Officer</I>&rdquo;
means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office with direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture and
also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because
of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>SEC</I>&rdquo;
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Securities</I>&rdquo;
means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series&#8239;authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Series</I>&rdquo;
or &ldquo;Series&#8239;of Securities&rdquo; means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant
to Sections &lrm;2.01 and &lrm;2.02 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Stated Maturity</I>&rdquo;
means when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, the date specified in such
Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Subsidiary</I>&rdquo;
means, with respect to any person, any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power
of shares of Capital Interests entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers
or trustees thereof or, in the case of a partnership, more than 50% of the partners&rsquo; Capital Interests (considering all partners&rsquo;
Capital Interests as a single class), is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or one or more of the
other Subsidiaries of such person or combination thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>TIA</I>&rdquo;
means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code Sections 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture and the rules&#8239;and
regulations promulgated thereunder, provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date,
 &ldquo;TIA&rdquo; means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Trustee</I>&rdquo;
means the person named as the &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become
such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; shall mean each person who is then
a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; as used with respect to the Securities
of any Series&#8239;shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>U.S. Government
Obligations</I>&rdquo; means securities which are (i)&#8239;direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which
its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii)&#8239;obligations of a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality
of the United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United
States of America, and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof and shall also include a depository receipt
issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest
on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt,
provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder
of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository
receipt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;1.02&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Other
Definitions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 84%; padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>TERM</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 16%; padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DEFINED
    IN SECTION</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;Bankruptcy Law&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;Custodian&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;Event of Default&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;Judgment Currency&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;Legal Holiday&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.07</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;mandatory sinking
    fund payment&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;Market Exchange Rate&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;New York Banking
    Day&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;optional sinking
    fund payment&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;Paying Agent&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.04</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;Registrar&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.04</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;Required Currency&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;Service Agent&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.04</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&ldquo;successor person&rdquo;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;1.03&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Incorporation
by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Whenever this Indenture refers
to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used
in this Indenture have the following meanings:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Commission</I>&rdquo;
means the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>indenture securities</I>&rdquo;
means the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>indenture security
holder</I>&rdquo; means a Holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>indenture to be
qualified</I>&rdquo; means this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>indenture trustee</I>&rdquo;
or &ldquo;<I>institutional trustee</I>&rdquo; means the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>obligor</I>&rdquo;
on the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All other terms used in this
Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by a SEC rule&#8239;under the TIA and not
otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;1.04&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Rules&#8239;of
Construction.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless the context otherwise
requires:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
term has the meaning assigned to it;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;an
accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;references
to &ldquo;generally accepted accounting principles&rdquo; and &ldquo;GAAP&rdquo; shall mean generally accepted accounting principles
in effect as of the time when and for the period as to which such accounting principles are to be applied;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&ldquo;or&rdquo;
is not exclusive;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;words
in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;provisions
apply to successive events and transactions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&#8239;II</B></FONT><B><BR>
THE SECURITIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.01&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Issuable
in Series.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The aggregate principal amount
of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more
Series. All Securities of a Series&#8239;shall be identical except as may be set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board
Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers&rsquo; Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted
under a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series&#8239;to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officers&rsquo;
Certificate or supplemental indenture detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution
may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall
accrue) are to be determined. Securities may differ between Series&#8239;in respect of any matters, provided that all Series&#8239;of Securities
shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.02&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Establishment
of Terms of Series&#8239;of Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At or prior to the issuance
of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series&#8239;generally, in the case of Subsection &lrm;2.02(a)&#8239;and
either as to such Securities within the Series&#8239;or as to the Series&#8239;generally in the case of Subsections &lrm;2.02(b)&#8239;through
 &lrm;2.02(s)&#8239;by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental
indenture or an Officers&rsquo; Certificate:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
form and title of the Series&#8239;(which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series&#8239;from the Securities of any other
Series);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series&#8239;will be issued;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series&#8239;which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
(except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for, or in lieu of other Securities
of the Series&#8239;pursuant to </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;2.07, </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2.08,
</FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2.11, </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3.06 or </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9.06);</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series&#8239;is payable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including,
but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series&#8239;shall
bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest, if
any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
place or places where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series&#8239;shall be payable, where the Securities
of such Series&#8239;may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company
in respect of the Securities of such Series&#8239;and this Indenture may be served, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer,
mail or other means;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;if
applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of
the Series&#8239;may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series&#8239;pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous
provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and
conditions upon which Securities of the Series&#8239;shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
dates, if any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series&#8239;will be repurchased by the Company at the
option of the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(j)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;if
other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof the denominations in which the Securities of the Series&#8239;shall
be issuable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(k)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;if
other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series&#8239;that shall be payable
upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;6.02;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(l)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, and the agency or organization,
if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(m)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(n)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series&#8239;and any change in the right of the
Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;6.02;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(o)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Articles </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">IV or </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">V
which applies to Securities of the Series;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(p)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
provisions, if any, relating to conversion of any Securities of such Series, including, if applicable, the securities into which the
Securities are convertible, the conversion price, the conversion period, provisions as to whether conversion will be mandatory, at the
option of the Holders or at the option of the Company, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price and provisions affecting
conversion if such Series&#8239;of Securities are redeemed;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(q)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;whether
the Securities of such Series&#8239;will be senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities and, if applicable, a description of
the subordination terms thereof;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(r)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series&#8239;if
other than those appointed herein; and</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(s)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
other terms of the Securities of the Series&#8239;(which may modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to
such Series).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All Securities of any one
Series&#8239;need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if
so provided by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, and, unless otherwise
provided in such Board Resolution, a Series&#8239;may be reopened, without the consent of the Holders, for increases in the aggregate
principal amount of such Series&#8239;and issuances of additional Securities of such Series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.03&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Execution
and Authentication.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Two Officers shall sign the
Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature. If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office
at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid. A Security shall not be valid until authenticated
by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been
authenticated under this Indenture. The Trustee shall at any time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue
in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers&rsquo; Certificate, upon receipt
by the Trustee of a Company Order. Such Company Order may authorize authentication and delivery pursuant to oral or electronic instructions
from the Company or its duly authorized agent or agents, which oral instructions shall be promptly confirmed in writing. Each Security
shall be dated the date of its authentication unless otherwise provided by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an
Officers&rsquo; Certificate. The aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series&#8239;outstanding at any time may not exceed any
limit placed upon the principal amount for such Series&#8239;set forth in the applicable Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto
or Officers&rsquo; Certificate delivered pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;2.02, except as provided in &lrm;Section&#8239;2.02 or &lrm;2.08.
Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and, subject to &lrm;Section&#8239;7.02, shall be fully
protected in relying on: (a)&#8239;the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers&rsquo; Certificate establishing the
form of the Securities of that Series&#8239;or of Securities within that Series&#8239;and the terms of the Securities of that Series&#8239;or
of Securities within that Series, (b)&#8239;an Officers&rsquo; Certificate complying with &lrm;Section&#8239;10.04 and (c)&#8239;an Opinion
of Counsel complying with &lrm;Section&#8239;10.04. The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities
of such Series: (a)&#8239;if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not be taken lawfully; or (b)&#8239;if
the Trustee&rsquo;s board of directors or trustees, executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or vice-presidents shall
determine in good faith that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to Holders of any then outstanding Series&#8239;of
Securities. The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent
may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes
authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the
Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.04&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Registrar
and Paying Agent.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company shall maintain,
with respect to each Series&#8239;of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series&#8239;pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;2.02,
an office or agency where Securities of such Series&#8239;may be presented or surrendered for payment (&ldquo;<I>Paying Agent</I>&rdquo;),
where Securities of such Series&#8239;may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (&ldquo;<I>Registrar</I>&rdquo;) and
where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series&#8239;and this Indenture may be served (&ldquo;<I>Service
Agent</I>&rdquo;). The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series&#8239;of Securities and to their transfer and exchange.
The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar,
Paying Agent or Service Agent. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar, Paying Agent or Service
Agent or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may
be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all
such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands. The Company may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars, additional
paying agents or additional service agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; <I>provided</I>, however, that no such
designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent and Service
Agent in each place so specified pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;2.02 for Securities of any Series&#8239;for such purposes. The Company
will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any
such co-registrar, additional paying agent or additional service agent. The term &ldquo;Registrar&rdquo; includes any co-registrar; the
term &ldquo;Paying Agent&rdquo; includes any additional paying agent; and the term &ldquo;Service Agent&rdquo; includes any additional
service agent. The Company hereby appoints the Trustee the initial Registrar, Paying Agent and Service Agent for each Series&#8239;unless
another Registrar, Paying Agent or Service Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series&#8239;are
first issued.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.05&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Paying
Agent to Hold Money in Trust.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company shall require
each Paying Agent, other than the Trustee, to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Holders of
any Series&#8239;of Securities or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of the principal of or the interest
on the Series&#8239;of Securities, and will notify the Trustee of any Default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such
Default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company may, at any time, require
a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or
a Subsidiary of the Company) shall have no further liability for such money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying
Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund, for the benefit of Holders of any Series&#8239;of Securities, all money held
by it as Paying Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.06&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Holder
Lists.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee shall preserve
in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Holders of each
Series&#8239;of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA Section&#8239;312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall
furnish to the Trustee at least ten (10)&#8239;days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request
in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders of each
Series&#8239;of Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.07&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Transfer
and Exchange.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Where Securities of a Series&#8239;are
presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount
of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions
are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar&rsquo;s request.
No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the
Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith
(other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;2.11, &lrm;3.06
or &lrm;9.06). Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be required (a)&#8239;to issue, register the transfer of or exchange Securities
of any Series&#8239;for the period beginning at the opening of business fifteen days immediately preceding the mailing of a notice of
redemption of Securities of that Series&#8239;selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing,
or (b)&#8239;to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series&#8239;selected, called or being called for redemption as
a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called for redemption in part.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.08&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Mutilated,
Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;If
any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available
for delivery in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series&#8239;and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number
not contemporaneously outstanding. If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i)&#8239;evidence to their satisfaction
of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii)&#8239;such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of
them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been
acquired by a protected purchaser, the Company shall execute and, upon its request, the Trustee shall authenticate and make available
for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same Series&#8239;and of like tenor and principal
amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become
or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Upon
the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected
therewith. Every new Security of any Series&#8239;issued pursuant to this Section&#8239;in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security
shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security
shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with
any and all other Securities of that Series&#8239;duly issued hereunder. The provisions of this Section&#8239;are exclusive and shall preclude
(to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen
Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.09&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Outstanding
Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Securities outstanding
at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation,
those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described
in this Section&#8239;as not outstanding. If a Security is replaced pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;2.08, it ceases to be outstanding until
the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a protected purchaser. If the Paying Agent (other
than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series&#8239;money
sufficient to pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series&#8239;cease to be outstanding
and interest on them ceases to accrue. A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company
holds the Security. In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed
to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such
determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;6.02.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.10&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Treasury
Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In determining whether the
Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series&#8239;have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent or waiver, Securities of a Series&#8239;owned by the Company shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining
whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only
Securities of a Series&#8239;that the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.11&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Temporary
Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Until definitive Securities
are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a Company Order. Temporary
Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate
for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee upon request shall authenticate definitive
Securities of the same Series&#8239;and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, temporary securities
shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.12&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Cancellation.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company at any time may
deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered
to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for registration of transfer,
exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation in accordance with its customary procedures and deliver such canceled Securities to the
Company, unless the Company otherwise directs; provided that the Trustee shall not be required to destroy Securities. The Company may
not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.13&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Defaulted
Interest.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the Company defaults in
a payment of interest on a Series&#8239;of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any
interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the persons who are Holders of the Series&#8239;on a subsequent special record date. The
Company shall fix the record date and payment date. At least ten (10)&#8239;days before the record date, the Company shall mail to the
Trustee and to each Holder of the Series&#8239;a notice that states the record date, the payment date and the amount of interest to be
paid. The Company may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.14&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Global
Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Terms
of Securities. A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers&rsquo; Certificate shall establish whether the Securities
of a Series&#8239;shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depository for such Global
Security or Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Transfer
and Exchange. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section&#8239;2.07 of the Indenture and in addition thereto,
any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section&#8239;2.07 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders
other than the Depository for such Security or its nominee only if (i)&#8239;such Depository notifies the Company that it is unwilling
or unable to continue as Depository for such Global Security or if at any time such Depository ceases to be a clearing agency registered
under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depository registered as a clearing agency under
the Exchange Act within 90 days of such event, (ii)&#8239;the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate
to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable or (iii)&#8239;an Event of Default with respect to the Securities represented
by such Global Security shall have happened and be continuing. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence
shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depository shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount
equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Except
as provided in this </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;2.14(c), a Global Security may not be transferred except as
a whole by the Depository with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depository, by a nominee of such Depository to such
Depository or another nominee of such Depository or by the Depository or any such nominee to a successor Depository or a nominee of such
a successor Depository.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Legend.
Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:</P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&ldquo;This
Security is a Global Security within the meaning of the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of the Depository
or a nominee of the Depository. This Security is exchangeable for Securities registered in the name of a person other than the Depository
or its nominee only in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture, and may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depository
to a nominee of the Depository, by a nominee of the Depository to the Depository or another nominee of the Depository or by the Depository
or any such nominee to a successor Depository or a nominee of such a successor Depository.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Acts
of Holders. The Depository, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Payments.
Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;2.02,
payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Consents,
Declaration and Directions. Except as provided in </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;2.14(g), the Company, the Trustee
and any Agent shall treat a person as the Holder of such principal amount of outstanding Securities of such Series&#8239;represented by
a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement of the Depository with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of
obtaining any consents, declarations, waivers or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Depository or its nominee, as registered owner of a Global Security, shall be the Holder of such Global Security for all purposes under
the Indenture and the Securities, and owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security shall hold such interests pursuant to the Applicable
Procedures. Accordingly, any such owner&rsquo;s beneficial interest in a Global Security will be shown only on, and the transfer of such
interest shall be effected only through, records maintained by the Depositary or its nominee and such owners of beneficial interests
in a Global Security will not be considered the owners or holders thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;2.15&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;CUSIP
Numbers.</B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company in issuing the
Securities may use &ldquo;CUSIP&rdquo; numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use &ldquo;CUSIP&rdquo; numbers
in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the
correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be
placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect
in or omission of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change in &ldquo;CUSIP&rdquo; numbers of which the
Company becomes aware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&#8239;III</B></FONT><B><BR>
REDEMPTION</B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;3.01&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notice
to Trustee.</B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company may, with respect
to any Series&#8239;of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series&#8239;of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay
the Series&#8239;of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for
in such Securities. If a Series&#8239;of Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated
Maturity thereof all or part of the Series&#8239;of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee of
the redemption date and the principal amount of Series&#8239;of Securities to be redeemed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;3.02&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Selection
of Securities to be Redeemed.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise indicated
for a particular Series&#8239;by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, if less than all the
Securities of a Series&#8239;are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select the Securities of the Series&#8239;to be redeemed in any manner
that the Trustee deems fair and appropriate. The Trustee shall make the selection from Securities of the Series&#8239;outstanding not
previously called for redemption. The Trustee may select for redemption portions of the principal of Securities of the Series&#8239;that
have denominations larger than $1,000. Securities of the Series&#8239;and portions of them it selects shall be in amounts of $1,000 or
whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series&#8239;issuable in other denominations pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;2.02(j),
the minimum principal denomination for each Series&#8239;and integral multiples thereof provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities
of a Series&#8239;called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities of that Series&#8239;called for redemption.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;3.03&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notice
of Redemption.</B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise indicated
for a particular Series&#8239;by Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, at least 30 days
but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall send or cause to be sent, by electronic delivery, if held at DTC,
or by first class mail postage prepaid, a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed and, if any Bearer
Securities are outstanding, publish on one occasion a notice in an Authorized Newspaper. The notice shall identify the Securities of
the Series&#8239;to be redeemed and shall state:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
redemption date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
redemption price;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
name and address of the Paying Agent;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iv)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;that
Securities of the Series&#8239;called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(v)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;that
interest on Securities of the Series&#8239;called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(vi)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
CUSIP number, if any; and</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(vii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
other information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series&#8239;or the Securities of a Series&#8239;being redeemed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At the Company&rsquo;s request,
the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company&rsquo;s name and at its expense.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;3.04&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Effect
of Notice of Redemption.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Once notice of redemption
is sent, mailed or published as provided in &lrm;Section&#8239;3.03, Securities of a Series&#8239;called for redemption become due and
payable on the redemption date and at the redemption price. A notice of redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender to the Paying
Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date; provided that installments
of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the redemption date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities (or one or
more predecessor Securities) registered at the close of business on the relevant record date therefor according to their terms and the
terms of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;3.05&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Deposit
of Redemption Price.</B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On or before 10:00 a.m.,
New York City time, on the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price
of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;3.06&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Securities
Redeemed in Part.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon surrender of a Security
that is redeemed in part, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series&#8239;and the same maturity
equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&#8239;IV</B></FONT><B><BR>
COVENANTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;4.01&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Payment
of Principal and Interest.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company covenants and
agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series&#8239;of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest,
if any, on the Securities of that Series&#8239;in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;4.02&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;SEC
Reports.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company shall, so long
as any of the Securities are outstanding, electronically file with the Commission the annual, quarterly and other periodic reports that
the Company is required to file with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13 and 15(d)&#8239;of the Exchange Act. The Company also shall
comply with the other provisions of TIA Section&#8239;314(a). Delivery of any reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for
informational purposes only and the Trustee&rsquo;s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained
therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company&rsquo;s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder
(as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on an Officers&rsquo; Certificate).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;4.03&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Compliance
Certificate.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company shall, so long
as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an
Officers&rsquo; Certificate stating whether or not to the knowledge of the signers thereof the Company is in default in the performance
and observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice
provided hereunder), and if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, specifying all such Defaults or Events of Default and
the nature and status thereof of which they may have knowledge. The Company shall, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding,
deliver to the Trustee, within thirty (30) days after becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an Officers&rsquo; Certificate
specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;4.04&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Stay,
Extension and Usury Laws.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company covenants (to
the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the
benefit or advantage of any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the
covenants or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly
waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the
execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such
law has been enacted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&#8239;V</B></FONT><B><BR>
SUCCESSORS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;5.01&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;When
Company May&#8239;Merge, Etc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company shall not consolidate
with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to, any person (a &ldquo;<I>successor
person</I>&rdquo;) unless:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company is the surviving corporation or the successor person (if other than the Company) is organized and validly existing under the
laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes the Company&rsquo;s obligations on the Securities and under this Indenture;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;immediately
after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company shall deliver
to the Trustee prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officers&rsquo; Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion
of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;5.02&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Successor
Corporation Substituted.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon any consolidation or
merger, or any sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with
 &lrm;Section&#8239;5.01, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which
such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and
power of the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor person has been named as the Company herein; provided,
however, that the predecessor Company in the case of a sale, conveyance or other disposition (other than a lease) shall be released from
all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&#8239;VI</B></FONT><B><BR>
DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.01&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Events
of Default.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<I>Event of Default</I>,&rdquo;
wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board
Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers&rsquo; Certificate, it is provided that such Series&#8239;shall not have the benefit of
said Event of Default:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;default
in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series&#8239;when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for
a period of thirty (30) days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying
Agent prior to the expiration of such period of thirty (30) days);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;default
in the payment of principal of any Security of that Series&#8239;at its Maturity;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;default
in the performance or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty for which
the consequences of nonperformance or breach are addressed elsewhere in this </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;6.01
and other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of Series&#8239;of Securities other
than that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of ninety (90) days after there has been given, by registered or certified
mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount
of the outstanding Securities of that Series&#8239;a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied
and stating that such notice is a &ldquo;Notice of Default&rdquo; hereunder;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law. (i)&#8239;commences a voluntary case or proceeding; (ii)&#8239;consents
to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii)&#8239;consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or
for all or substantially all of its property, (iv)makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or (v)&#8239;makes an admission
by writing that it is generally unable to pay its debts as the same become due;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that: (i)&#8239;is for relief against the Company in
an involuntary case, (ii)&#8239;appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or (iii)&#8239;orders
the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for ninety (90) days; or</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture
hereto or an Officers&rsquo; Certificate, in accordance with </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;2.02(n).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The term &ldquo;<I>Bankruptcy
Law</I>&rdquo; means Title 11 of the U.S. Code or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors. The term &ldquo;<I>Custodian</I>&rdquo;
means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.02&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Acceleration
of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If an Event of Default with
respect to Securities of any Series&#8239;at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred to
in &lrm;Section&#8239;6.01(d)&#8239;or (e)), then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than a majority in principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series&#8239;may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series&#8239;are
Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid
interest, if any, on all of the Securities of that Series&#8239;to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company
(and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid
interest, if any, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section&#8239;6.01(d)&#8239;or (e)&#8239;shall
occur, the principal amount (or specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall ipso
facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder. At any
time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to any Series&#8239;has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment
of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article&#8239;provided, the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration
and its consequences if all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that Series, other than the non-payment of the principal
and interest, if any, of Securities of that Series&#8239;which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured
or waived as provided in &lrm;Section&#8239;6.13. No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent
thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.03&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Collection
of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company covenants that
if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;default
is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period
of 30 days, or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;default
is made in the payment of principal of any Security at the Maturity thereof, then the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to
it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest
and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and any overdue interest
at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover
the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its
agents and counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the Company fails to pay
such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding
for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same
against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or deemed to be payable in the manner provided
by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If an Event of Default with
respect to any Securities of any Series&#8239;occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce
its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series&#8239;by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall
deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this
Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.04&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Trustee
May&#8239;File Proofs of Claim.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In case of the pendency of
any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding
relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors,
the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration
or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or
interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, (a)&#8239;to file and prove a claim for the
whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may
be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and (b)&#8239;to
collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same, and any custodian,
receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized
by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly
to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under &lrm;Section&#8239;7.07. Nothing herein contained shall be
deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement,
adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect
of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.05&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Trustee
May&#8239;Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All rights of action and
claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities
or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its
own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation,
expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities
in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.06&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Application
of Money Collected.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any money collected by the
Trustee pursuant to this Article&#8239;shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case
of the distribution of such money on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of
the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">First: To the payment of
all amounts due the Trustee under &lrm;Section&#8239;7.07; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Second: To the payment of
the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such
money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities
for principal and interest, respectively; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Third: To the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.07&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Limitation
on Suits.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No Holder of any Security
of any Series&#8239;shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the
appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless:</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;such
Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series&#8239;shall have made written request
to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder,</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;such
Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance
with such request;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;no
direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority
in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series; it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders
shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice
the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to
enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.08&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Unconditional
Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding any other
provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment
of the principal of and interest, if any, on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or,
in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall
not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.09&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Restoration
of Rights and Remedies.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the Trustee or any Holder
has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned
for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination
in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder
and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.10&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Rights
and Remedies Cumulative.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise provided
with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in &lrm;Section&#8239;2.08, no right or
remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and
every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder
or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise,
shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.11&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Delay
or Omission Not Waiver.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No delay or omission of the
Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right
or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article&#8239;or
by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or
by the Holders, as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.12&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Control
by Holders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Holders of a majority
in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series&#8239;shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting
any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the
Securities of such Series, provided that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;such
direction shall not be in conflict with any rule&#8239;of law or with this Indenture,</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;subject
to the provisions of </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;6.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow
any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed
would involve the Trustee in personal liability.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.13&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Waiver
of Past Defaults.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Holders of not less than
a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series&#8239;may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of
such Series&#8239;waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series&#8239;and its consequences, except a Default (i)&#8239;in
the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of such Series&#8239;(provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series&#8239;may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related
payment default that resulted from such acceleration) or (ii)&#8239;in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which cannot be modified
or amended without the consent of the Holder of each outstanding Security of such Series&#8239;affected. Upon any such waiver, such Default
shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture;
but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;6.14&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Undertaking
for Costs.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All parties to this Indenture
agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion
require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action
taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such
suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, against any party
litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the
provisions of this Section&#8239;shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any
suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities
of any Series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security
on or after the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&#8239;VII</B></FONT><B><BR>
TRUSTEE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;7.01&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Duties
of Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;If
an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and
use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct
of such person&rsquo;s own affairs.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Except
during the continuance of an Event of Default:</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;The
Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;In
the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the
opinions expressed therein, upon Officers&rsquo; Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements
of this Indenture; however, in the case of any such Officers&rsquo; Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions hereof
are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officers&rsquo; Certificates and Opinions of
Counsel to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct,
except that:</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;This
paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b)&#8239;of this Section.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee
was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any
Series&#8239;in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities
of such Series&#8239;relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Every
provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b)&#8239;and (c)&#8239;of this Section.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power at the request or direction of any Holder unless it receives indemnity
satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money
held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance
of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment
of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Paying Agent, the Registrar and any Service Agent or authenticating agent shall be entitled to the protections, immunities and standard
of care as are set forth in paragraphs (a), (b)&#8239;and (c)&#8239;of this Section&#8239;with respect to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;7.02&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Rights
of Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee may rely on and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any document believed by it to be genuine and to
have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Before
the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers&rsquo; Certificate. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action
it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers&rsquo; Certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. No
Depository shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee, and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depository.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights
or powers, provided that the Trustee&rsquo;s conduct does not constitute negligence or bad faith.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee may consult with counsel, and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and
protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder without negligence and in good faith and in reliance thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction
of any of the Holders of Securities unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the
costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or
document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see
fit.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual
knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust
Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular Series&#8239;and this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
permissive rights of the Trustee enumerated herein shall not be construed as duties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;7.03&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Individual
Rights of Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee in its individual
or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company
with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee is also subject to
Sections &lrm;7.10 and &lrm;7.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;7.04&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Trustee&rsquo;s
Disclaimer.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee makes no representation
as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Company&rsquo;s use of the proceeds
from the Securities, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its authentication.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;7.05&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notice
of Defaults.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If a Default or Event of
Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series&#8239;and if it is known to a Responsible Officer of the
Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to each Holder of the Securities of that Series&#8239;and, if any Bearer Securities are outstanding, publish
on one occasion in an Authorized Newspaper, notice of a Default or Event of Default within ninety (90) days after it occurs or, if later,
after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such Default or Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default or Event
of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as
its corporate trust committee or a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the
interests of Holders of that Series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;7.06&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Reports
by Trustee to Holders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Within sixty (60) days after
May&#8239;15 in each year, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders, as their names and addresses appear on the register kept
by the Registrar and, if any Bearer Securities are outstanding, publish in an Authorized Newspaper, a brief report dated as of such May&#8239;15,
in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA Section&#8239;313. A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Holders
of any Series&#8239;shall be filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Securities of that Series&#8239;are listed. The Company
shall promptly notify the Trustee when Securities of any Series&#8239;are listed on any stock exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;7.07&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Compensation
and Indemnity.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company shall pay to
the Trustee from time to time compensation for its services as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree upon in writing.
The Trustee&rsquo;s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall
reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable
compensation and expenses of the Trustee&rsquo;s agents and counsel. The Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor
Trustee against any loss, liability or expense (including the cost of defending itself), including taxes (other than taxes based upon,
measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee) incurred by it except as set forth in this &lrm;Section&#8239;7.07 in the performance
of its duties under this Indenture as Trustee or Agent. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek
indemnity. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have one separate counsel
and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without
its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders
and agents of the Trustee. The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee
or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee through the negligence or bad faith of any such persons. To
secure the Company&rsquo;s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series&#8239;on
all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of and interest on particular Securities
of that Series. When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in &lrm;Section&#8239;6.01(d)&#8239;or
(e)&#8239;occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy
Law. The provisions of this Section&#8239;shall survive the resignation or removal of the Trustee and the termination of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;7.08&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Replacement
of Trustee.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A resignation or removal
of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee&rsquo;s acceptance of appointment
as provided in this Section. The Trustee may resign with respect to the Securities of one or more Series&#8239;by so notifying the Company
at least 30 days prior to the date of the proposed resignation. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any
Series&#8239;may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series&#8239;by so notifying the Trustee and the Company. The Company may remove
the Trustee with respect to Securities of one or more Series&#8239;if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Trustee fails to comply with </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;7.10;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Trustee is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law,</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Trustee becomes incapable of acting.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the Trustee resigns or
is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of any one or more Series&#8239;does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is
removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Securities of the applicable
Series&#8239;may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A successor Trustee shall
deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee
shall transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in &lrm;Section&#8239;7.07,
the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers
and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series&#8239;of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture. A successor
Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to each Holder of each such Series&#8239;and, if any Bearer Securities are outstanding,
publish such notice on one occasion in an Authorized Newspaper. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this &lrm;Section&#8239;7.08,
the Company&rsquo;s obligations under &lrm;Section&#8239;7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee with respect
to expenses and liabilities incurred by it prior to the date of such replacement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;7.09&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Successor
Trustee by Merger,&#8239;etc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the Trustee consolidates
with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor
corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;7.10&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Eligibility;
Disqualification.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Indenture shall always
have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA Section&#8239;310(a)(1), (2)&#8239;and (5). The Trustee shall comply with TIA Section&#8239;310(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;7.11&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Preferential
Collection of Claims Against Company.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee is subject to
TIA Section&#8239;311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA Section&#8239;311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed
shall be subject to TIA Section&#8239;311(a)&#8239;to the extent indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&#8239;VIII</B></FONT><B><BR>
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;8.01&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Satisfaction
and Discharge of Indenture.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Indenture shall upon
Company Order cease to be of further effect (except as hereinafter provided in this &lrm;Section&#8239;8.01), and the Trustee, at the
expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;any
of the following shall have occurred:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;no
Securities have been issued hereunder,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;all
Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been
replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;all
such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (1)&#8239;have become due and payable, or (2)&#8239;will become
due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or (3)&#8239;are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements
satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company; and
the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount sufficient for the
purpose of paying and discharging the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation,
for principal and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable on or prior to the
date of such deposit) or to the Stated Maturity or redemption date, as the case may be;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent
herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under &lrm;Section&#8239;7.07 and, if money shall have
been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a)&#8239;of this Section, the provisions of Sections &lrm;2.04 , 2.05 , 2.07, 2.08,
8.01, 8.02 and 8.05 shall survive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;8.02&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Application
of Trust Funds; Indemnification.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Subject
to the provisions of </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;8.05, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;8.01,
all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;8.03
or </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.04 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or
Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;8.03 or
</FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.04, shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities
and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (other than the Company acting as its own Paying Agent)
as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited
with or received by the Trustee or analogous payments as contemplated by Sections </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.03 or </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.04.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government
Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.03 or </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.04
or the interest and principal received in respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government
Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.03 or </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.04
which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification
thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the
purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money were deposited or received. This provision
shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;8.03&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Legal
Defeasance of Securities of any Series.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless this &lrm;Section&#8239;8.03
is otherwise specified, pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;2.02(s), to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed
to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any Series&#8239;on the 91st day after the date
of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (d)&#8239;hereof and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding Securities
of such Series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, at Company Request, execute proper
instruments acknowledging the same), except as to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
rights of Holders of Securities of such Series&#8239;to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d)&#8239;hereof, (i)&#8239;payment
of the principal of and each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series&#8239;on the Stated
Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest, and (ii)&#8239;the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments
applicable to the Securities of such Series&#8239;on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of
this Indenture and the Securities of such Series; and</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
provisions of Sections </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2.04, </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2.05, </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2.07,
</FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2.08, </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.02, </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.03
and </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.05; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
rights, powers, trust and immunities of the Trustee hereunder, provided that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied:</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;with
reference to this </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;8.03, the Company shall have deposited or caused to be irrevocably
deposited (except as provided in </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;8.02(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust
for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders
of such Securities (i)&#8239;in the case of Securities of such Series&#8239;denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government
Obligations, or (ii)&#8239;in the case of Securities of such Series&#8239;denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency),
money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with
their terms, will provide (without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day
before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent
public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal
of and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of all the Securities of such Series&#8239;on the dates
such installments of interest or principal and such sinking fund payments are due;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;such
deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a Default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument
to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;no
Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series&#8239;shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such
deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i)&#8239;the
Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii)&#8239;since the date of execution
of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon
such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series&#8239;will not recognize income, gain or loss
for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the
same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not
occurred;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with
the intent of preferring the Holders of the Securities of such Series&#8239;over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent
of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section&#8239;have been complied with; and</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(j)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;such
defeasance shall not result in the trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company within the meaning of the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, unless such trust shall be registered under such Act or exempt from registration thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;8.04&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Covenant
Defeasance.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless this &lrm;Section&#8239;8.04
is otherwise specified, pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;2.02(s), to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, on and after the 91st
day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (a)&#8239;hereof; the Company may omit to comply with respect to the Securities
of any Series&#8239;with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections &lrm;4.02, &lrm;4.03, and &lrm;5.01 as well as any
additional covenants specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series&#8239;of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers&rsquo;
Certificate delivered pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;2.02 (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute a Default
or Event of Default with respect to such Series&#8239;under &lrm;Section&#8239;6.01) and the occurrence of any event specified in a supplemental
indenture for such Series&#8239;of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers&rsquo; Certificate delivered pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;2.02
and designated as an Event of Default shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the Securities of
such Series, provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;with
reference to this </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;8.04, the Company has deposited or caused to be irrevocably
deposited (except as provided in </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&#8239;8.02(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust
for the purpose of making the following payments specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders
of such Securities (i)&#8239;in the case of Securities of such Series&#8239;denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government
Obligations, or (ii)&#8239;in the case of Securities of such Series&#8239;denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency),
money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with
their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one
day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent
certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment
of principal of and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the Securities of such Series&#8239;on
the dates such installments of interest or principal and such sinking fund payments are due;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;such
deposit will not result in a breach or violation of or constitute a Default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument
to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;no
Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series&#8239;shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such
deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that Holders of the Securities of such Series&#8239;will
not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and covenant defeasance and will be subject
to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and covenant
defeasance had not occurred;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers&rsquo; Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this Section&#8239;have been complied with; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Such
defeasance shall not result in the trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company within the meaning of the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended, unless such trust shall be registered under such Act or exempt from registration thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;8.05&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Repayment
to Company.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee and the Paying
Agent shall pay to the Company upon written request any money held by them for the payment of principal and interest that remains unclaimed
for two years, and after such time, Holders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an
applicable abandoned property law designates another person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;8.06&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Reinstatement.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the Trustee or the Paying
Agent is unable to apply any money deposited with respect to Securities of any series in accordance with &lrm;Section&#8239;8.01 by reason
of any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise
prohibiting such application, the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series and under
the Securities of such series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;8.01 until
such time as the Trustee or the Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with &lrm;Section&#8239;8.01; provided,
however, that if the Company has made any payment of principal of, premium (if any) or interest on any Additional Amounts with respect
to any Securities because of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such
Securities to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or the Paying Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&#8239;IX</B></FONT><B><BR>
AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;9.01&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Without
Consent of Holders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company and the Trustee
may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series&#8239;without the consent of any Holder:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
evidence the succession of another person to the Company under this Indenture and the Securities and the assumption by any such successor
person of the obligations of the Company hereunder and under the Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
add or remove covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to
be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included for the benefit of
such series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company provided such action does not adversely affect the
interests of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
add any additional Events of Default;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of
Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons, or to permit or facilitate
the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities, provided that any
such addition, change or elimination (A)&#8239;shall neither (i)&#8239;apply to any Security of any series created prior to the execution
of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii)&#8239;modify the rights of the Holder of any such
Security with respect to such provision or (B)&#8239;shall become effective only when there is no such Security Outstanding;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
establish the forms or terms of the Securities of any series issued pursuant to the terms hereof;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
cure any ambiguity or correct any inconsistency in this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more
series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration
of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
qualify this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(j)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
provide for uncertificated securities in addition to certificated securities;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(k)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
supplement any provisions of this Indenture necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities,
provided that such action does not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of such series or any other series; and</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(l)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;to
comply with the rules&#8239;or regulations of any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which any of the Securities may
be listed or traded.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;9.02&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;With
Consent of Holders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company and the Trustee
may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
Securities of each Series&#8239;affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer
or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating
any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of each
such Series. Except as provided in &lrm;Section&#8239;6.13, the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
Securities of any Series&#8239;by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer
for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect
to such Series. It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this &lrm;Section&#8239;9.02 to approve the
particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof.
After a supplemental indenture or waiver under this section becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Securities affected
thereby and, if any Bearer Securities affected thereby are outstanding, publish on one occasion in an Authorized Newspaper, a notice
briefly describing the supplemental indenture or waiver. Any failure by the Company to mail or publish such notice, or any defect therein,
shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;9.03&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Limitations.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Without the consent of each
Holder affected, an amendment or waiver may not:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;reduce
the amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;reduce
the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;reduce
the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any
sinking fund or analogous obligation;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;reduce
the principal amount of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;waive
a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration
of the Securities of any Series&#8239;by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such
Series&#8239;and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;make
the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;make
any change in Sections </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6.08, </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6.13, or </FONT>&lrm;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9.03;
or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;waive
a redemption payment with respect to any Security.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;9.04&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Compliance
with Trust Indenture Act.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Every amendment to this Indenture
or the Securities of one or more Series&#8239;shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then
in effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;9.05&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Revocation
and Effect of Consents.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Until an amendment is set
forth in a supplemental indenture or a waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by
the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder&rsquo;s
Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent
as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date of the supplemental indenture
or the date the waiver becomes effective. Any amendment or waiver once effective shall bind every Holder of each Series&#8239;affected
by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (a)&#8239;through (h)&#8239;of &lrm;Section&#8239;9.03.
In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security
or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder&rsquo;s Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;9.06&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notation
on or Exchange of Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee may place an
appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of any Series&#8239;thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange
for Securities of that Series&#8239;may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon request new Securities of that Series&#8239;that
reflect the amendment or waiver.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;9.07&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Trustee
Protected.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In executing, or accepting
the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article&#8239;or the modifications thereby of the trusts
created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, in addition to the documents required by &lrm;Section&#8239;10.04,
and (subject to &lrm;Section&#8239;7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of
such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee shall sign all supplemental indentures, except
that the Trustee need not sign any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&#8239;X</B></FONT><B><BR>
MISCELLANEOUS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.01&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Trust
Indenture Act Controls.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If any provision of this
Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA,
such required or deemed provision shall control.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.02&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notices.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Any
notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given if in
writing and delivered in person or mailed by first-class mail addressed as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">if to the Company:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">5005 McConnell Avenue</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Los Angeles, California 90066</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Attention: CEO</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Telephone: (310) 665-2928</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">if to the Trustee:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">[ ]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Company or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.
Any notice or communication to a Holder shall be mailed by first-class mail to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar
and, if any Bearer Securities are outstanding, published in an Authorized Newspaper. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Holder
of any Series&#8239;or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders of that or any other Series. If
a notice or communication is mailed or published in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether
or not the Holder receives it. If the Company mails a notice or communication to Holders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee and each
Agent at the same time.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Any
notice or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given or served by the Company may, at the Company&rsquo;s
written request received by the Trustee not fewer than five (5)&#8239;Business Days prior (or such shorter period of time as may be acceptable
to the Trustee) to the date on which such notice must be given or served, be given or served by the Trustee in the name of and at the
expense of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.03&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Communication
by Holders with Other Holders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Holders of any Series&#8239;may
communicate pursuant to TIA Section&#8239;312(b)&#8239;with other Holders of that Series&#8239;or any other Series&#8239;with respect to
their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series&#8239;or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone
else shall have the protection of TIA Section&#8239;312(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.04&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Certificate
and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon any request or application
by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;an
Officers&rsquo; Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture
relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;an
Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.05&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Statements
Required in Certificate or Opinion.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each certificate or opinion
with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to
TIA Section&#8239;314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA Section&#8239;314(e)&#8239;and shall include:</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;statement
that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such
certificate or opinion are based;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express
an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;a
statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.06&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Rules&#8239;by
Trustee and Agents.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee may make reasonable
rules&#8239;for action by or a meeting of Holders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable rules&#8239;and set reasonable requirements
for its functions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.07&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Legal
Holidays.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise provided
by Board Resolution, Officers&rsquo; Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series, a &ldquo;Legal Holiday&rdquo;
is any day that is not a Business Day. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place
on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.08&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Recourse Against Others.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A director, officer, employee
or stockholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture
or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Holder by accepting a Security waives
and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.09&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Counterparts.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Indenture may be executed
in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be
an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.10&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Governing
Laws.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Indenture and the Securities
will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to conflict of law
principles that would result in the application of any law other than the laws of the State of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.11&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Indenture may not be
used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. Any such indenture, loan or
debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.12&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Successors.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All agreements of the Company
in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.13&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Severability.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In case any provision in
this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining
provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.14&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Table
of Contents, Headings, Etc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Table of Contents, Cross-Reference
Table, and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be
considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.15&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Securities
in a Foreign Currency.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise specified
in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers&rsquo; Certificate delivered pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;2.02
of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series&#8239;of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken
by the Holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series&#8239;or all Series&#8239;affected by
a particular action at the time outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series&#8239;which are denominated
in a coin or currency other than Dollars, then the principal amount of Securities of such Series&#8239;which shall be deemed to be outstanding
for the purpose of taking such action shall be that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount at the Market Exchange Rate
at such time. For purposes of this &lrm;Section&#8239;10.15, &ldquo;Market Exchange Rate&rdquo; shall mean the noon Dollar buying rate
in New York City for cable transfers of that currency as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. If such Market Exchange Rate
is not available for any reason with respect to such currency, the Trustee shall use, in its sole discretion and without liability on
its part, such quotation of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as of the most recent available date, or quotations from one or more
major banks in The City of New York or in the country of issue of the currency in question or such other quotations as the Trustee, upon
consultation with the Company, shall deem appropriate. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal
amount in respect of Securities of a Series&#8239;denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders
of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture. All decisions and determinations of the Trustee regarding the Market Exchange
Rate or any alternative determination provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence
of manifest error, to the extent permitted by law, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Company and all Holders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;10.16&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Judgment
Currency.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company agrees, to the
fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a)&#8239;if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court
it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the Securities of any Series&#8239;(the
 &ldquo;<I>Required Currency</I>&rdquo;) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the &ldquo;<I>Judgment Currency</I>&rdquo;),
the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City
of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such
day is not a New York Banking Day, then the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures
the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding
the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered and (b)&#8239;its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required
Currency (i)&#8239;shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in
accordance with subsection (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery
shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such
payments, (ii)&#8239;shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required
Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to
be payable and (iii)&#8239;shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of
the foregoing, &ldquo;New York Banking Day&rdquo; means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a Legal Holiday in The City of New York
on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&#8239;XI</B></FONT><B><BR>
SINKING FUNDS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;11.01&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Applicability
of Article.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The provisions of this Article&#8239;shall
be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series, except as otherwise permitted or required by any
form of Security of such Series&#8239;issued pursuant to this Indenture. The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by
the terms of the Securities of any Series&#8239;is herein referred to as a &ldquo;mandatory sinking fund payment&rdquo; and any other
amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series&#8239;is herein referred to as an &ldquo;optional sinking fund payment.&rdquo;
If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as
provided in &lrm;Section&#8239;11.02. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any Series&#8239;as
provided for by the terms of the Securities of such Series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;11.02&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Satisfaction
of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company may, in satisfaction
of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series&#8239;to be made pursuant to the terms of
such Securities (1)&#8239;deliver outstanding Securities of such Series&#8239;to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than
any of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2)&#8239;apply as credit Securities of such Series&#8239;to
which such sinking fund payment is applicable and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed either at the election of the
Company pursuant to the terms of such Series&#8239;of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application
of permitted optional sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such
Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee, together with an Officers&rsquo; Certificate
with respect thereto, not later than 15 days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption,
and shall be credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the
sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities
in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this &lrm;Section&#8239;11.02, the principal amount of Securities of such Series&#8239;to be redeemed
in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series&#8239;for
redemption, except upon receipt of a Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a
Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall
from time to time upon receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or
such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series&#8239;purchased by the Company having an unpaid
principal amount equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&#8239;11.03&#9;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Redemption
of Securities for Sinking Fund.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Not less than 45 days (unless
otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers&rsquo; Certificate in respect of a particular Series&#8239;of
Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series&#8239;of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers&rsquo;
Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series&#8239;pursuant to the terms of that
Series, the portion thereof if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof if any, which is to be satisfied
by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series&#8239;pursuant to &lrm;Section&#8239;11.02, and the optional amount, if any, to
be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein
specified. Not less than 30 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officers&rsquo; Certificate or supplemental indenture
in respect of a particular Series&#8239;of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities
to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in &lrm;Section&#8239;3.02 and cause notice of the redemption
thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in &lrm;Section&#8239;3.03. Such notice having
been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections &lrm;3.04, &lrm;3.05
and &lrm;3.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties
hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed and attested, all as of the day and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#8239;</P>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARMATA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 47%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[ ], as Trustee</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8239;</FONT></TD></TR>
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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="tm2523066d1_ex5-1img01.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 174px; width: 223px">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">5005 McConnell Avenue&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Los Angeles, California 90066</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">RE: <U>Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc. - Registration
Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have acted as special counsel to Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc.,
a Washington corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;), in connection with a Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 (the &ldquo;<B>Registration
Statement</B>&rdquo;) filed on the date hereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B>Commission</B>&rdquo;) under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Securities Act</B>&rdquo;). The Registration Statement relates to the issuance and
sale by the Company from time to time, pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415 promulgated under the Securities Act, of up to $100,000,000 in aggregate
maximum offering price of the following securities (collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Securities</B>&rdquo;): (i)&nbsp;shares of the Company&rsquo;s
common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the &ldquo;<B>Common Stock</B>&rdquo;), (ii)&nbsp;shares of the Company&rsquo;s preferred stock,
par value $0.01 per share (the &ldquo;<B>Preferred Stock</B>&rdquo;), (iii)&nbsp;warrants to purchase Common Stock or Preferred Stock
(the &ldquo;<B>Warrants</B>&rdquo;), (iv)&nbsp;debt securities (&ldquo;<B>Debt Securities</B>&rdquo;), and (v)&nbsp;units (the &ldquo;<B>Units</B>&rdquo;)
units comprised of one or more of the Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Warrants, or Debt Securities or any combination of the foregoing.
The Registration Statement includes a prospectus (the &ldquo;<B>Base Prospectus</B>&rdquo;) that provides it will be supplemented in the
future by one or more prospectus supplements (each, a &ldquo;<B>Prospectus Supplement</B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with this opinion, we have examined
originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of (i)&nbsp;the Registration Statement and all exhibits thereto,
(ii)&nbsp;the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, of the Company as currently in effect, (iii)&nbsp;the Amended
and Restated Bylaws, as amended, of the Company as currently in effect, (iv)&nbsp;resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors of the
Company and such other corporate records, agreements, documents and other instruments, and (v)&nbsp;such certificates or comparable documents
of public officials and officers and representatives of the Company, and have made such inquiries of such officers and representatives
and have considered such matters of law as we have deemed appropriate as the basis for the opinions hereinafter set forth. As to facts
material to this opinion letter, we have relied upon certificates, statements or representations of public officials, of officers and
representatives of the Company and of others, without any independent verification thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In rendering this opinion, we have assumed the
genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals,
the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as certified, photostatic or conformed copies, the authenticity of originals
of all such latter documents, and the accuracy and completeness of all records, information and statements submitted to us by officers
and representatives of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;2</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For purposes of this opinion letter, we have assumed
that all of the following shall have occurred prior to the issuance of the Securities referred to therein: (i)&nbsp;the issuance, sale,
amount and terms of any Securities to be offered from time to time under the Registration Statement will have been duly authorized and
established by proper action of the Board of Directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee of the Board of Directors (&ldquo;<B>Board
Action</B>&rdquo;) in accordance with the Company&rsquo;s Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Articles</B>&rdquo;),
the Company&rsquo;s Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended, and applicable provisions of the Washington Business Corporation Act, in
a manner that does not violate any law, government or court-imposed order or restriction or agreement or instrument then binding on the
Company or otherwise impair the valid or binding nature of the obligations represented by the applicable Securities; (ii)&nbsp;at the
time of offer, issuance and sale of any Securities, the Registration Statement, and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments),
will have become effective with the Commission under the Securities Act, and no stop order suspending its effectiveness will have been
issued and remain in effect; (iii)&nbsp;a Prospectus Supplement and any other offering material with respect to such Securities will have
been filed with the Commission in compliance with the Securities Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder; (iv)&nbsp;all Securities
will be issued and sold in compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and in the manner stated in the Registration
Statement and the applicable Prospectus Supplement; (v)&nbsp;prior to the issuance of any Securities, a definitive purchase, underwriting
or similar agreement with respect to any Securities offered will have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company
and the other parties thereto; (vi)&nbsp;the Company will remain a Washington corporation; (vii)&nbsp;upon the issuance of any Common
Stock, including Common Stock which may be issued upon conversion or exercise of any other Securities convertible into or exercisable
for Common Stock (&ldquo;<B>Common Securities</B>&rdquo;), the total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding will not
exceed the total number of shares of Common Stock that the Company is then authorized to issue under the Articles of Incorporation; (viii)&nbsp;upon
the issuance of any Securities that are shares of Preferred Stock, including any Preferred Stock which may be issued upon conversion or
exercise of any other Securities convertible into or exercisable for Preferred Stock (&ldquo;<B>Preferred Securities</B>&rdquo;), the
total number of shares of Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, and the total number of issued and outstanding shares of the applicable
class or series of Preferred Stock designated pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation, will not exceed the total number of shares of
Preferred Stock or the number of shares of such class or series of Preferred Stock that the Company is then authorized to issue under
the Articles of Incorporation; (ix)&nbsp;with respect to any Preferred Securities, a statement containing the text of the resolution setting
forth the number of shares and the terms of the class or series of Preferred Stock to be issued by the Company will be filed with the
Washington Secretary of State prior to their issuance (the &ldquo;<B>Preferred Filings</B>&rdquo;); (x)&nbsp;the terms of the Securities
will conform in all material respects to the respective descriptions thereof in the Prospectus which is part of the Registration Statement;
(xii)&nbsp;the Securities will be offered, sold and delivered to, and paid for by, the purchasers thereof at the price specified in, and
in accordance with the terms of, an agreement or agreements duly authorized, executed and delivered by the parties thereto; (xii)&nbsp;certificates,
if required, representing the Securities will be duly executed and delivered and, to the extent required by any applicable agreement,
duly authenticated and countersigned; and (xiii)&nbsp;any Securities convertible into, or exercisable, exchangeable or redeemable for,
any other Securities will be duly converted, exercised, exchanged or redeemed in accordance with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;3</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">To the extent that the obligations of the Company
with respect to the Securities may be dependent upon such matters, we assume for purposes of this opinion that the other party under the
warrant agreement for any Warrants and under the unit agreement for any Units, namely, the warrant agent, or the unit agent, respectively,
is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization; that such other party will
be duly qualified to engage in the activities contemplated by such warrant agreement or unit agreement, as applicable; that such warrant
agreement or unit agreement, as applicable, will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the other party and will constitute
the legal, valid and binding obligation of the other party enforceable against the other party in accordance with its terms; that such
other party will be in compliance with respect to performance of its obligations under such warrant agreement or unit agreement, as applicable,
with all applicable laws and regulations; and that such other party will have the requisite organizational and legal power and authority
to perform its obligations under such warrant agreement or unit agreement, as applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Based upon, subject to and limited by the foregoing,
we are of the opinion that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The Common Stock, when issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus
and the related Prospectus Supplement(s)&nbsp;and in accordance with a duly authorized, executed and delivered purchase, underwriting
or similar agreement, or upon conversion of any convertible Preferred Stock, convertible Debt Securities or other Common Securities in
accordance with their terms, or upon exercise of any Warrants in accordance with their terms, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The Preferred Stock, when issued and sold as contemplated in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus
and the related Prospectus Supplement(s)&nbsp;and in accordance with a duly authorized, executed and delivered purchase, underwriting
or similar agreement, or upon conversion of any convertible Debt Securities or other Preferred Securities, in accordance with their terms,
or upon exercise of any Warrants in accordance with their terms, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our opinion that any document is valid, binding
and enforceable is qualified as to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(a)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">limitations imposed by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium
or other laws relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(b)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">rights to indemnification and contribution, which may be limited by applicable law or equitable principles;
and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(c)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">general principles of equity, including without limitation concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good
faith and fair dealing, and the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief and limitation of rights of acceleration,
regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This opinion letter is to be used only in connection
with the offer and sale of Common Stock and Preferred Stock, while the Registration Statement is in effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;4</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
opinion is limited to the laws of the Washington Business Corporation Act and the federal laws of the United States of America, </FONT>each
as in effect on the date hereof, and we express no opinion with respect to the laws of any other jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This opinion letter has been prepared for your
use in connection with the Registration Statement. We assume no obligation to advise you of any changes in the foregoing subsequent to
the effective date of the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion
as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to reference to us under the caption &ldquo;Legal Matters&rdquo; in the Base Prospectus.
In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section&nbsp;7 of
the Securities Act or the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sincerely,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Ballard Spahr LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.2
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tm2523066d1_ex5-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Exhibit 5.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 82%; text-align: left"><IMG SRC="tm2523066d1_ex5-2img01.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 31px; width: 400px">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 18%">787 Seventh Avenue<BR>
New York, NY 10019-6099<BR>
Tel: 212 728 8000<BR>
Fax: 212 728 8111</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">August&nbsp;13, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc.<BR>
5005 McConnell Avenue<BR>
Los Angeles, California 90066</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Re: <U>Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have acted as counsel to
Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc., a Washington corporation (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;), in connection with the Registration
Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 to be filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B><I>Commission</I></B>&rdquo;)
on or about August&nbsp;13, 2025 (the &ldquo;<B><I>Registration Statement</I></B>&rdquo;) relating to the registration under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<B><I>Securities Act</I></B>&rdquo;), of the offering and sale from time to time of up to $100,000,000
aggregate offering amount of (i)&nbsp;shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the &ldquo;<B><I>Common Stock</I></B>&rdquo;),
(ii)&nbsp;shares of the Company&rsquo;s preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share (the &ldquo;<B><I>Preferred Stock</I></B>&rdquo;),
(iii)&nbsp;one or more series of debt securities (the &ldquo;<B><I>Debt Securities</I></B>&rdquo;) issuable pursuant to an indenture (the
 &ldquo;<B><I>Indenture</I></B>&rdquo;) by and between the Company and a financial institution to be identified therein as trustee (the
 &ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo;), (iv)&nbsp;warrants to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock and/or Debt Securities (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrants</I></B>&rdquo;),
and/or (v)&nbsp;units consisting of any combination of such foregoing securities described in clauses (i)&nbsp;through (iv)&nbsp;above
(the &ldquo;<B><I>Units</I></B>&rdquo;). The Common Stock, the Preferred Stock, the Debt Securities, the Warrants and the Units are collectively
referred to herein as the &ldquo;<B><I>Securities</I></B>.&rdquo; The Securities may be sold from time to time by the Company as set forth
in the Registration Statement, the base prospectus contained within the Registration Statement (the &ldquo;<B><I>Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;)
and supplements to the Prospectus. The Company has informed us that the Company intends to issue the Securities from time to time on a
delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415 under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As to matters of fact relevant
to the opinions rendered herein, we have examined such documents, certificates and other instruments which we have deemed necessary or
advisable. We have not undertaken any independent investigation to verify the accuracy of any such information, representations or warranties
or to determine the existence or absence of any fact, and no inference as to our knowledge of the existence or absence of any fact should
be drawn from our representation of the Company or the rendering of the opinions set forth below. We have not considered parol evidence
in connection with any of the agreements or instruments reviewed by us in connection with this letter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In our examination of documents
for purposes of this letter, we have assumed, and express no opinion as to, the genuineness and authenticity of all signatures on original
documents, the authenticity and completeness of all documents submitted to us as originals, that each document is what it purports to
be, the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies, the absence of any termination, modification or waiver of
or amendment to any document reviewed by us (other than as has been disclosed to us), the legal competence or capacity of all persons
or entities (other than the Company) executing the same and (other than the Company) the due authorization, execution and delivery of
all documents by each party thereto. We have also assumed the conformity of the documents filed with the Commission via the Electronic
Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (&ldquo;<B><I>EDGAR</I></B>&rdquo;), except for required EDGAR formatting changes, to physical
copies submitted for our examination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Brussels&#8239;&#8239;
 &#8239;Chicago&#8239;&#8239; &#8239;Dallas&#8239;&#8239; &#8239;Frankfurt&#8239;&#8239; &#8239;Hamburg&#8239;&#8239; &#8239;Houston&#8239;&#8239; &#8239;London&#8239;&#8239; &#8239;Los Angeles</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Milan&#8239;&#8239; &#8239;Munich&#8239;&#8239;
 &#8239;New York&#8239;&#8239; &#8239;Palo Alto&#8239;&#8239; &#8239;Paris&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; Rome&#8239;&#8239; &#8239;San Francisco&#8239;&#8239; &#8239;Washington</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The opinions in this letter
are limited to the existing the federal laws of the United States and the laws of the State of New York (the &ldquo;<B><I>Applicable Laws</I></B>&rdquo;),
and we express no opinion with respect to any other laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In connection with our opinions
expressed below, we have assumed that, (i)&nbsp;at or prior to the time of the delivery of any of the Securities there will not have occurred
any change in the law or the facts affecting the validity of the Securities, (ii)&nbsp;the Registration Statement and any amendments (including
any necessary post-effective amendments) will have been declared effective under the Securities Act, (iii)&nbsp;at the time of the offer,
issuance and sale of any Securities no stop order suspending the Registration Statement&rsquo;s effectiveness will have been issued and
remain in effect, (iv)&nbsp;no future amendments will be made to the Company&rsquo;s current Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
(as amended from time to time, the &ldquo;<B><I>Articles of Incorporation</I></B>&rdquo;) or to the Company&rsquo;s Amended and Restated
Bylaws (as amended from time to time, the &ldquo;<B><I>Bylaws</I></B>&rdquo; and, together with the Articles of Incorporation, the &ldquo;<B><I>Charter
Documents</I></B>&rdquo;) that would be in conflict with or inconsistent with the Company&rsquo;s right and ability to issue the Securities,
(v)&nbsp;at the time of the issuance and sale of the Securities, the Company will be validly existing as a corporation and in good standing
under the laws of the State of Washington, and (vi)&nbsp;at the time of each offer, issuance and sale of any Securities the Company will
have a sufficient number of authorized and unissued and unreserved shares of the applicable class or series of its capital stock included
in (or purchasable upon exercise or conversion of) the Securities so issued and sold (after taking into account all other outstanding
securities of the Company which may require the Company to issue shares of such applicable class or series) to be able to issue all such
shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This opinion is qualified
by, and is subject to, and we render no opinion with respect to, the following limitations and exceptions to the enforceability of the
Securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(1)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The effect of the laws of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, moratorium, fraudulent
conveyance, assignment for the benefit of creditors, and other similar laws now or hereinafter in effect relating to or affecting the
rights and remedies of creditors, including the effect of statutory or other laws regarding fraudulent transfers or preferential transfers.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(2)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The effect of general principles of equity and similar principles, including, without limitation, concepts
of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, public policy and unconscionability, and the possible unavailability of specific
performance, injunctive relief, or other equitable remedies, regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(3)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">In the case of the Debt Securities, the effect of laws relating to usury or permissible rates of interest
for loans, forbearances or the use of money.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We express no opinion regarding
the effectiveness of any waiver or stay, extension or of unknown future rights. Further, we express no opinion regarding the effect of
provisions relating to indemnification, exculpation or contribution to the extent such provisions may be held unenforceable as contrary
to federal or state securities laws or public policy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Based upon the foregoing,
and subject to the qualifications and exceptions contained herein, we are of the following opinion:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>With
respect to any Debt Securities registered pursuant to the Registration Statement, when (a)&nbsp;the issuance of such Debt Securities has
been duly authorized by all required corporate action of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors (the &ldquo;<B><I>Board</I></B>&rdquo;)
and, if required, of the stockholders of the Company in accordance with the Charter Documents and Applicable Laws, (b)&nbsp;an Indenture
relating to such Debt Securities in the form filed with the Registration Statement as an exhibit has been duly authorized and validly
executed and delivered by each of the Company and the Trustee, (c)&nbsp;the specific form and terms of the Debt Securities have been duly
established in accordance with the Indenture, duly authorized pursuant to resolutions duly adopted by the Board, and validly executed,
authenticated, issued, and delivered in accordance with the Indenture and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar
agreement, in the manner and for the consideration approved by the Board and stated in the prospectus supplement relating thereto (as
amended as of the date of such issuance, sale and delivery), or upon the exercise of Warrants to purchase Debt Securities, upon payment
of the consideration therefor provided for therein, then such Debt Securities will be validly issued and will constitute valid and binding
obligations of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>With
respect to any Warrants registered pursuant to the Registration Statement, when (a)&nbsp;the issuance and terms of such Warrants, the
terms, execution and delivery of any warrant agreement relating to the Warrants (&ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), the terms
of the offering thereof and related matters have been duly authorized by all required corporate action of the Board and, if required,
of the stockholders of the Company in accordance with the Charter Documents and Applicable Laws, (b)&nbsp;the Warrant Agreement has been
duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company, and (c)&nbsp;such Warrants have been duly executed, issued and delivered
by the Company in accordance with the provisions of the Warrant Agreement and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar
agreement approved by the Board, upon payment of the consideration therefor provided for therein, then such Warrants will constitute valid
and binding obligations of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>With
respect to any Units registered pursuant to the Registration Statement, when (a)&nbsp;the conditions outlined in the immediately preceding
paragraphs (1)&nbsp;through (4)&nbsp;that apply to the Securities that make up such Units are all met, (b)&nbsp;the issuance and terms
of such Units, the terms, execution and delivery of the unit purchase agreement relating to such Units (&ldquo;<B><I>Unit Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;),
the terms of the offering thereof and related matters have been duly authorized by all required corporate action of the Board and, if
required, of the stockholders of the Company in accordance with the Charter Documents and Applicable Laws, (c)&nbsp;the Unit Agreement
has been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company, and (d)&nbsp;such Units have been duly executed, issued and
delivered by the Company in accordance with the provisions of the Unit Agreement and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting
or similar agreement approved by the Board, upon payment of the consideration therefor provided for therein, then such Units will constitute
valid and binding obligations of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In connection with the opinions
expressed above, we have assumed that each of the Debt Securities and the Indenture, Warrant Agreement and Unit Agreement governing such
Securities are legally valid and binding obligations of each party thereto other than the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We consent to the use of this
opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and further consent to all references to us, if any, in the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus constituting parts thereof and any amendments thereto. In giving this consent we do not thereby admit that we come
within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section&nbsp;7 of the Securities Act or the rules&nbsp;and regulations
of the Commission thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This opinion is intended solely
for use in connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities subject to the Registration Statement and is not to be relied upon
for any other purpose. In providing this letter, we are opining only as to the specific legal issues expressly set forth above, and no
opinion shall be inferred as to any other matter or matters. This opinion is rendered on, and speaks only as of, the date of this letter
first written above, is based solely on our understanding of facts in existence as of such date after the aforementioned examination and
does not address any potential changes in facts, circumstance or law that may occur after the date of this opinion letter. We assume no
obligation to advise you of any fact, circumstance, event or change in the law or the facts that may hereafter be brought to our attention,
whether or not such occurrence would affect or modify any of the opinions expressed herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Very
    truly yours,</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Willkie Farr&nbsp;&amp; Gallagher LLP</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.3
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tm2523066d1_ex23-3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 23.3
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;23.3</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We consent to the reference to our firm under
the caption &quot;Experts&quot; in the Registration Statement (Form&nbsp;S-3) and related Prospectus of Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc.
for the registration of its common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, and/or warrants and to the incorporation by reference therein
of our report dated March&nbsp;20, 2025, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Armata Pharmaceuticals,&nbsp;Inc. included
in its Annual Report (Form&nbsp;10-K) for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">/s/ Ernst&nbsp;&amp; Young LLP</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">San Diego, California&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">August&nbsp;13, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-FILING FEES
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>tm2523066d1_ex-filingfees.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-FILING FEES
<TEXT>
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  <head>
    <title>EX-FILING FEES</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div style="display: none">
      <ix:header>
        <ix:hidden>
          <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FormTp" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-330">S-3</ix:nonNumeric>
          <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:SubmissnTp" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-331">S-3</ix:nonNumeric>
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          <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingTableNa" contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcOfferingTableNa" xsi:nil="true"></ix:nonNumeric>
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        <ix:references>
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        <ix:resources>
          <xbrli:context id="rc">
            <xbrli:entity>
              <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000921114</xbrli:identifier>
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            <xbrli:period>
              <xbrli:startDate>2025-08-11</xbrli:startDate>
              <xbrli:endDate>2025-08-11</xbrli:endDate>
            </xbrli:period>
          </xbrli:context>
          <xbrli:context id="offrl_1">
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              <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000921114</xbrli:identifier>
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              <xbrli:endDate>2025-08-11</xbrli:endDate>
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          <td colspan="4" style="padding-bottom: .5em">
            <p>
              <b>Calculation of Filing Fee Tables</b>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding-bottom: .25em">
            <p>
              <b>
                <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FormTp" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-362">S-3</ix:nonNumeric>
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            </p>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding-bottom: .25em">
            <p>
              <b>
                <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-363">Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</ix:nonNumeric>
              </b>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="float: center; width: 100%; text-align: left;  ">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px">
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word">
            <b>Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities</b>
          </th>
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: right;">
            <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcOfferingTableNa">&#9744;Not Applicable</span>
          </th>
        </tr>
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      <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; float: center; width: 100%; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; font-size: 16px;">
        <tr style="background-color:#9ADAF6">
          <th style="width: 12%;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 2%;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 12%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Security Type</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 14%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Security Class Title </b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 2%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rule</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 5%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Amount Registered</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 15%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 10%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 5%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Fee Rate</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Amount of Registration Fee</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 1%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Carry Forward Form Type</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 7%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Carry Forward File Number</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Carry Forward Initial Effective Date</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 7%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Filing Fee Previously Paid in Connection with Unsold Securities to be Carried Forward</b>
            </p>
          </th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Newly Registered Securities</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_1" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-364">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric>
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          <td style="text-align: center;">
		1
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          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-365">Equity</ix:nonNumeric>
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          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_1" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-367">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-368">100,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-369">0.0001531</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeAmt" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-370">15,310.00</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fees Previously Paid
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Carry Forward Securities</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Carry Forward Securities
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">Total Offering Amounts:</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 16%;">
            <p id="MaxAggtOfferingPrice" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOfferingAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-371">100,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px black; width: 16%;">
            <p id="TotalFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-372">15,310.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Total Fees Previously Paid:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="TotalPreviouslyPaidAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-373">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Total Fee Offsets:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="TotalOffsetAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOffsetAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-374">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
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          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Net Fee Due:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="NetFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:NetFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-375">15,310.00</ix:nonFraction>
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          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
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        <tbody>
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            <td>
              <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left; margin-bottom: 5px;">
                <b>Offering Note</b>
              </p>
            </td>
            <td/>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
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        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
            <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;">
              <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">1</sup>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-376">(1) There are being registered under this registration statement such indeterminate number of common shares, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units of Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the "Registrant"), and a combination of such securities, separately or as units, as may be sold by the Registrant from time to time, which collectively, shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed US$100,000,000. Pursuant to Rule 416 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends, or similar transactions. The proposed maximum initial offering price per security will be determined, from time to time, by the Registrant in connection with the sale of the securities under this registration statement.

(2) The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the Registrant in connection with the issuance by the Registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to the Instructions to the Calculation of Filing Fee Tables and Related Disclosure of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.

(3) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee amount pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. The aggregate maximum offering price of all securities issued pursuant to this registration statement will not exceed $100,000,000.
</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
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            <b>Table 2: Fee Offset Claims and Sources</b>
          </th>
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            <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcOffsetTableNa">&#9745;Not Applicable</span>
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      <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; float: center; width: 100%; text-align: center;  border: 1px solid black;">
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          <th style="width: 10%; text-align: left;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 8%; text-align: left;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
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          <th style="width: 16%;">
				Registrant or Filer Name
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Form or Filing Type
			</th>
          <th style="width: 7%;">
				File Number
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          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Initial Filing Date
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Filing Date
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Security Type Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 8%;">
				Security Title Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
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          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Unsold Securities Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 9%;">
				Unsold Aggregate Offering Amount Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source
			</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Rules 457(b) and 0-11(a)(2)</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Claims
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Sources
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Rule 457(p)</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Claims
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Sources
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
        </tr>
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          <td>
		N/A
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          <td>
		N/A
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		N/A
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          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
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          <td style="text-align: center;">
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          <td style="text-align: center;">
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Submission<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 11, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems', window );"><strong>Submission [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000921114<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FormTp', window );">Form Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissnTp', window );">Submission Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp', window );">Fee Exhibit Type</a></td>
<td class="text">EX-FILING FEES<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa', window );">Offering Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa', window );">Offset Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa', window );">Combined Prospectus Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeExhibitTp</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:feeExhibitTypeItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FormTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FormTp</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTableNa</td>
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<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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</DOCUMENT>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Offerings - Offering: 1<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 11, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric', window );">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000,000.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01531%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeAmt', window );">Amount of Registration Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,310.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1) There are being registered under this registration statement such indeterminate number of common shares, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units of Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the "Registrant"), and a combination of such securities, separately or as units, as may be sold by the Registrant from time to time, which collectively, shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed US$100,000,000. Pursuant to Rule 416 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends, or similar transactions. The proposed maximum initial offering price per security will be determined, from time to time, by the Registrant in connection with the sale of the securities under this registration statement.

(2) The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the Registrant in connection with the issuance by the Registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to the Instructions to the Calculation of Filing Fee Tables and Related Disclosure of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.

(3) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee amount pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. The aggregate maximum offering price of all securities issued pursuant to this registration statement will not exceed $100,000,000.
<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total amount of registration fee (amount due after offsets).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeAmt</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The rate per dollar of fees that public companies and other issuers pay to register their securities with the Commission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeRate</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum aggregate offering price for the offering that is being registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingNote">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingNote</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The title of the class of securities being registered (for each class being registered).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTitl</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Type of securities: "Asset-backed Securities", "ADRs/ADSs", "Debt", "Debt Convertible into Equity", "Equity", "Face Amount Certificates", "Limited Partnership Interests", "Mortgage Backed Securities", "Non-Convertible Debt", "Unallocated (Universal) Shelf", "Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities", "Other"</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTp</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTable</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_PrevslyPdFlg</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(o) to calculate the registration fee due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection o<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_Rule457oFlg</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>14
<FILENAME>R3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fees Summary<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Aug. 11, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems', window );"><strong>Fees Summary [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
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<FILENAME>tm2523066d1_ex-filingfees_htm.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xbrl
  xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025"
  xmlns:ffd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025"
  xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217"
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi"
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  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <link:schemaRef
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      xlink:type="simple"/>
    <context id="rc">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000921114</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-08-11</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-08-11</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="offrl_1">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000921114</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>1</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-08-11</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-08-11</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <unit id="USD">
        <measure>iso4217:USD</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="pure">
        <measure>pure</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="Shares">
        <measure>shares</measure>
    </unit>
    <ffd:FormTp contextRef="rc" id="ixv-330">S-3</ffd:FormTp>
    <ffd:SubmissnTp contextRef="rc" id="ixv-331">S-3</ffd:SubmissnTp>
    <ffd:FeeExhibitTp contextRef="rc" id="ixv-332">EX-FILING FEES</ffd:FeeExhibitTp>
    <dei:EntityCentralIndexKey contextRef="rc" id="ixv-333">0000921114</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="rc" id="ixv-334">Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <ffd:OfferingTableNa contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcOfferingTableNa" xsi:nil="true"/>
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    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-364">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
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      id="ixv-368"
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      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-369"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001531</ffd:FeeRate>
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      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-370"
      unitRef="USD">15310.00</ffd:FeeAmt>
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    <ffd:TtlOffsetAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-374" unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlOffsetAmt>
    <ffd:NetFeeAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" id="ixv-375" unitRef="USD">15310.00</ffd:NetFeeAmt>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-376">(1) There are being registered under this registration statement such indeterminate number of common shares, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units of Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the "Registrant"), and a combination of such securities, separately or as units, as may be sold by the Registrant from time to time, which collectively, shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed US$100,000,000. Pursuant to Rule 416 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units as may be issuable with respect to the securities being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends, or similar transactions. The proposed maximum initial offering price per security will be determined, from time to time, by the Registrant in connection with the sale of the securities under this registration statement.

(2) The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the Registrant in connection with the issuance by the Registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to the Instructions to the Calculation of Filing Fee Tables and Related Disclosure of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.

(3) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee amount pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. The aggregate maximum offering price of all securities issued pursuant to this registration statement will not exceed $100,000,000.
</ffd:OfferingNote>
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