Note 14. Restructuring and Integration

We recognized restructuring and integration costs totaling $0.3 million and $0.4 million in the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017. We recognized restructuring and integration costs totaling $0.6 million and $4.9 million in the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016.

Within APC, certain restructuring programs that included the closure of one facility, the Wheeling Plant, resulted in a charge of $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017, and $0.3 million and $3.9 million for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016.

Within PEP, initiatives resulted in integration, site closure and employee costs of $0.3 million and $1.0 million for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016. There were no charges in the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017.

The following table summarizes restructuring and integration activity related to actions incurred for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017			2016
Severance and other costs	$	—	$	228	$	17		$	1,535
Site closure and other associated costs	$	345	$	378	$	345		$	3,316

Total	$	345	$	606	$	362		$	4,851


	Reserve Balance at December 31, 2016		Charges		Paid in 2017			Reserve Balance at September 30, 2017
Severance and other costs	$	1,000	$	17	$	(1,017	)	$	—
Site closure and other associated costs		1,625		345		(730	)		1,240

Total	$	2,625	$	362	$	(1,747	)	$	1,240

We are still identifying restructuring and impairment costs at our segments; therefore, we are not able to estimate the ultimate costs at this time. Future filings will include updates to these activities along with a reconciliation of beginning and ending liabilities. We expect to pay $1.0 million of the reserve balance remaining at September 30, 2017, within the next twelve months. The remaining reserve of $0.2 million is expected to be paid in 2018 and 2019.