Restructuring and Integration

The following table summarizes restructuring and integration charges for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.



	Mobile Solutions		Power Solutions		Life Sciences		Corporate and Consolidations		Total
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Severance and other employee costs	$	—	$	—	$	1,336	$	728	$	2,064
Site closure and other associated costs	63		—		—		—		63
Total	$	63	$	—	$	1,336	$	728	$	2,127
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Severance and other employee costs	$	17	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	17
Site closure and other associated costs	369		—		—		—		369
Total	$	386	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	386
Year Ended December 31, 2016
Severance and other employee costs	$	851	$	455	$	381	$	—	$	1,687
Site closure and other associated costs	3,488		263		220		—		3,971
Total	$	4,339	$	718	$	601	$	—	$	5,658

The following tables summarize restructuring and integration reserve activity for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.



	Reserve Balance as of December 31, 2017		Charges		Non-cash Adjustments			Cash Reductions			Reserve Balance as of December 31, 2018
Severance and other employee costs	$	—	$	2,064	$	—		$	(942	)	$	1,122
Site closure and other associated costs	1,099		63		(56		)	(1,082		)	24
Total	$	1,099	$	2,127	$	(56	)	$	(2,024	)	$	1,146

	Reserve Balance as of December 31, 2016		Charges		Non-cash Adjustments			Cash Reductions			Reserve Balance as of December 31, 2017
Severance and other employee costs	$	1,000	$	17	$	(164	)	$	(853	)	$	—
Site closure and other associated costs	1,625		369		—			(895		)	1,099
Total	$	2,625	$	386	$	(164	)	$	(1,748	)	$	1,099

	Reserve Balance as of December 31, 2015		Charges		Non-cash Adjustments			Cash Reductions			Reserve Balance as of December 31, 2016
Severance and other employee costs	$	887	$	1,687	$	(278	)	$	(1,296	)	$	1,000
Site closure and other associated costs	1,845		3,971		(2,142		)	(2,049		)	1,625
Total	$	2,732	$	5,658	$	(2,420	)	$	(3,345	)	$	2,625

In 2018, we recognized severance and other employee costs of $0.7 million at corporate headquarters related to the restructuring of our former Precision Engineered Products Group to form the Power Solutions and Life Sciences groups, effective January 2, 2018. We also recognized severance and other employee costs of $1.3 million in our Life Sciences group related to the post-acquisition integration of Paragon Medical into our existing business.

In 2017, we recognized restructuring and integration expense of $0.4 million in our Mobile Solutions group due primarily to the closure of a plant in Wheeling, Illinois (the “Wheeling Plant”), which was a part of our integration plan after the acquisition of Autocam Corporation (“Autocam”) in 2014.

In 2016, we recognized restructuring and integration expense of $4.3 million in our Mobile Solutions segment due primarily to the closure of the Wheeling Plant. These charges consisted of $0.8 million of severance and other employee costs and site closure and other associated costs of $3.5 million. We also recognized restructuring and integration expense of $0.7 million and $0.6 million due to initiatives within our Power Solutions and Life Sciences groups, respectively, related to integration costs, rebranding, site moving costs for two plants, and other employee costs.

The amount accrued as of December 31, 2018, for restructuring and integration costs represents our expected obligation over the next 2.2 years primarily related to severance and other employee costs. We expect to pay $0.7 million within the next twelve months.