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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 000-23486

NN, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 62-1096725
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

6210 Ardrey Kell Road, Suite 600
Charlotte, North Carolina 28277
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(980) 264-4300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class |  | Trading symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 |  | NNBR |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☒
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☒
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of October 31, 2023, there were 47,352,810 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents
NN, Inc.
INDEX

|  | Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 7
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 8
| Note 1. Interim Financial Statements | 8
| Note 2. Segment Information | 8
| Note 3. Inventories | 9
| Note 4. Intangible Assets, Net | 9
| Note 5. Investment in Joint Venture | 9
| Note 6. Income Taxes | 9
| Note 7. Debt | 10
| Note 8. Leases | 11
| Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies | 11
| Note 10. Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity | 11
| Note 11. Revenue from Contracts with Customers | 12
| Note 12. Share-Based Compensation | 14
| Note 13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | 16
| Note 14. Net Loss Per Common Share | 17
| Note 15. Fair Value Measurements | 17
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 26
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 26
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | 28
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 28
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 28
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 28
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 28
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 28
Item 5. | Other Information | 28
Item 6. | Exhibits | 29
SIGNATURES | 30

2

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
NN, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net sales | $ | 124,443 |  |  | $ | 127,297 |  |  | $ | 376,737 |  |  | $ | 380,726 |
Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below) | 104,543 |  |  | 108,033 |  |  | 320,648 |  |  | 316,500 |
Selling, general, and administrative expense | 11,693 |  |  | 10,205 |  |  | 35,833 |  |  | 38,453 |
Depreciation and amortization | 11,577 |  |  | 11,193 |  |  | 34,643 |  |  | 33,962 |
Other operating expense (income), net | (631) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (526) |  |  | 1,862 |
Loss from operations | (2,739) |  |  | (2,117) |  |  | (13,861) |  |  | (10,051) |
Interest expense | 5,739 |  |  | 3,746 |  |  | 15,484 |  |  | 10,673 |
Other expense (income), net | (1,463) |  |  | (1,156) |  |  | 1,970 |  |  | (4,219) |
Loss before benefit (provision) for income taxes and share of net income from joint venture | (7,015) |  |  | (4,707) |  |  | (31,315) |  |  | (16,505) |
Benefit (provision) for income taxes | 245 |  |  | 1,068 |  |  | (1,381) |  |  | (1,514) |
Share of net income from joint venture | 1,713 |  |  | 1,424 |  |  | 3,087 |  |  | 3,935 |
Net loss | $ | (5,057) |  |  | $ | (2,215) |  |  | $ | (29,609) |  |  | $ | (14,084) |
Other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation loss | $ | (3,072) |  |  | $ | (7,653) |  |  | $ | (3,606) |  |  | $ | (13,543) |
Interest rate swap: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value, net of tax | — |  |  | 904 |  |  | (230) |  |  | 2,464 |
Reclassification adjustments included in net loss, net of tax | (449) |  |  | (116) |  |  | (1,366) |  |  | (51) |
Other comprehensive loss | $ | (3,521) |  |  | $ | (6,865) |  |  | $ | (5,202) |  |  | $ | (11,130) |
Comprehensive loss | $ | (8,578) |  |  | $ | (9,080) |  |  | $ | (34,811) |  |  | $ | (25,214) |
Basic and diluted net loss per share | $ | (0.18) |  |  | $ | (0.11) |  |  | $ | (0.84) |  |  | $ | (0.49) |
Shares used to calculate basic and diluted net loss per share | 47,539 |  |  | 44,711 |  |  | 46,410 |  |  | 44,670 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
3

Table of Contents
NN, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data) | September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 21,790 |  |  | $ | 12,808 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,210 and $1,469 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 73,229 |  |  | 74,129 |
Inventories | 70,917 |  |  | 80,682 |
Income tax receivable | 12,182 |  |  | 12,164 |
Prepaid assets | 3,800 |  |  | 2,794 |
Other current assets | 11,339 |  |  | 9,123 |
Total current assets | 193,257 |  |  | 191,700 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $243,638 and $225,046 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 185,707 |  |  | 197,637 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 43,549 |  |  | 46,713 |
Intangible assets, net | 62,202 |  |  | 72,891 |
Investment in joint venture | 29,131 |  |  | 31,802 |
Deferred tax assets | 164 |  |  | 102 |
Other non-current assets | 6,688 |  |  | 5,282 |
Total assets | $ | 520,698 |  |  | $ | 546,127 |
Liabilities, Preferred Stock, and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 49,347 |  |  | $ | 45,871 |
Accrued salaries, wages and benefits | 13,243 |  |  | 11,671 |
Income tax payable | 340 |  |  | 926 |
Short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt | 6,699 |  |  | 3,321 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 5,407 |  |  | 5,294 |
Other current liabilities | 13,483 |  |  | 11,723 |
Total current liabilities | 88,519 |  |  | 78,806 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 4,137 |  |  | 5,596 |
Long-term debt, net of current portion | 145,892 |  |  | 149,389 |
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | 47,841 |  |  | 51,411 |
Other non-current liabilities | 16,288 |  |  | 9,960 |
Total liabilities | 302,677 |  |  | 295,162 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) |  |  |
Series D perpetual preferred stock - $0.01 par value per share, 65 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 74,295 |  |  | 64,701 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock - $0.01 par value per share, 90,000 shares authorized, 47,311 and 43,856 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 473 |  |  | 439 |
Additional paid-in capital | 460,382 |  |  | 468,143 |
Accumulated deficit | (274,807) |  |  | (245,198) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (42,322) |  |  | (37,120) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 143,726 |  |  | 186,264 |
Total liabilities, preferred stock, and stockholders’ equity | $ | 520,698 |  |  | $ | 546,127 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
4

Table of Contents
NN, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022
(Unaudited)

| Common Stock |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Accumulated deficit |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Total
(in thousands) | Number of shares |  | Par value
Balance as of June 30, 2023 | 47,019 |  |  | $ | 470 |  |  | $ | 462,525 |  |  | $ | (269,750) |  |  | $ | (38,801) |  |  | $ | 154,444 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,057) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,057) |
Dividends accrued for preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,347) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,347) |
Shares issued under stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures | 292 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,207 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,207 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,521) |  |  | (3,521) |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 | 47,311 |  |  | $ | 473 |  |  | $ | 460,382 |  |  | $ | (274,807) |  |  | $ | (42,322) |  |  | $ | 143,726 |

| Common Stock |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Accumulated deficit |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Total
(in thousands) | Number of shares |  | Par value
Balance as of June 30, 2022 | 43,884 |  |  | $ | 439 |  |  | $ | 473,019 |  |  | $ | (230,969) |  |  | $ | (36,167) |  |  | $ | 206,322 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,215) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,215) |
Dividends accrued for preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,783) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,783) |
Shares forfeited under stock incentive plans | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 307 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 307 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,865) |  |  | (6,865) |
Balance as of September 30, 2022 | 43,882 |  |  | $ | 439 |  |  | $ | 470,543 |  |  | $ | (233,184) |  |  | $ | (43,032) |  |  | $ | 194,766 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
5

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NN, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022
(Unaudited)

| Common Stock |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Accumulated deficit |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Total
(in thousands) | Number of shares |  | Par value
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | 43,856 |  |  | $ | 439 |  |  | $ | 468,143 |  |  | $ | (245,198) |  |  | $ | (37,120) |  |  | $ | 186,264 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (29,609) |  |  | — |  |  | (29,609) |
Dividends accrued for preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,594) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,594) |
Shares issued under stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures | 3,598 |  |  | 36 |  |  | (57) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21) |
Share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,058 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,058 |
Restricted shares forgiven for taxes | (143) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (168) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (170) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,202) |  |  | (5,202) |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 | 47,311 |  |  | $ | 473 |  |  | $ | 460,382 |  |  | $ | (274,807) |  |  | $ | (42,322) |  |  | $ | 143,726 |

| Common Stock |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Accumulated deficit |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Total
(in thousands) | Number of shares |  | Par value
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | 43,027 |  |  | $ | 430 |  |  | $ | 474,757 |  |  | $ | (219,100) |  |  | $ | (31,902) |  |  | $ | 224,185 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,084) |  |  | — |  |  | (14,084) |
Dividends accrued for preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,979) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,979) |
Shares issued under stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures | 886 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,862 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,862 |
Restricted shares forgiven for taxes | (31) |  |  | — |  |  | (88) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (88) |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11,130) |  |  | (11,130) |
Balance as of September 30, 2022 | 43,882 |  |  | $ | 439 |  |  | $ | 470,543 |  |  | $ | (233,184) |  |  | $ | (43,032) |  |  | $ | 194,766 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
6

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NN, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (29,609) |  |  | $ | (14,084) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 34,643 |  |  | 33,962 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount | 1,409 |  |  | 1,021 |
Paid-in-kind interest | 1,491 |  |  | — |
Total derivative loss (gain), net of cash settlements | 3,139 |  |  | (4,858) |
Share of net income from joint venture, net of cash dividends received | 851 |  |  | 2,310 |
Share-based compensation expense | 2,058 |  |  | 3,862 |
Deferred income taxes | (1,531) |  |  | (1,831) |
Other | (776) |  |  | (3,096) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 335 |  |  | (15,667) |
Inventories | 9,692 |  |  | (11,314) |
Accounts payable | 5,240 |  |  | 9,827 |
Income taxes receivable and payable, net | (576) |  |  | (403) |
Other | (2,476) |  |  | (2,400) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 23,890 |  |  | (2,671) |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment | (16,292) |  |  | (14,011) |
Proceeds from sale of property, plant, and equipment | 2,876 |  |  | 460 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (13,416) |  |  | (13,551) |
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |
Proceeds from long-term debt | 52,000 |  |  | 32,000 |
Repayments of long-term debt | (55,522) |  |  | (28,158) |
Cash paid for debt issuance costs | (55) |  |  | (136) |
Proceeds from short-term debt | 3,648 |  |  | — |
Other | (1,276) |  |  | (2,265) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (1,205) |  |  | 1,441 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash flows | (287) |  |  | (1,324) |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 8,982 |  |  | (16,105) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 12,808 |  |  | 28,656 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 21,790 |  |  | $ | 12,551 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
7

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NN, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2023
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Interim Financial Statements
Nature of Business
NN, Inc. is a global diversified industrial company that combines advanced engineering and production capabilities with in-depth materials science expertise to design and manufacture high-precision components and assemblies primarily for the automotive, general industrial, electrical, aerospace, defense, and medical markets. As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”), the terms “NN,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to NN, Inc., and its subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2023, we had 27 facilities in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have not been audited. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022, was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report”), which we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 10, 2023. In management’s opinion, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary to fairly state our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022; financial position as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, on a basis consistent with our audited consolidated financial statements. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature and are, in the opinion of management, necessary to state fairly the Company’s financial position and operating results for the interim periods. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted from the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the 2022 Annual Report. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of results for the year ending December 31, 2023, or any other future periods.
Except for per share data or as otherwise indicated, all U.S. dollar amounts and share counts presented in the tables in these Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are in thousands.
Accounts Receivable Sales Programs
We participate in programs established by our customers which allows us to sell certain receivables from that customer on a non-recourse basis to a third-party financial institution. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we incurred fees of $0.8 million, related to the sale of receivables which is recorded in the Other expense (income), net line item on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Facility Closures
Due to ongoing efforts to optimize the Company’s manufacturing footprint, we ceased manufacturing operations at several facilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, including at our Irvine and Taunton locations. We sold machinery and equipment from these locations and recognized a loss on sales of $0.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The loss, which is primarily reported within our Power Solutions segment, is included in the Other operating expense (income), net line item on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). In June 2023, we began subleasing our Irvine and Taunton facilities under subleases that terminate in 2034 and 2035, respectively.
Note 2. Segment Information
Our business is aggregated into the following two reportable segments:
•Mobile Solutions, which is focused on growth in the automotive, general industrial, and medical end markets; and
•Power Solutions, which is focused on growth in the electrical, general industrial, automotive, and medical end markets.
These divisions are considered our two operating segments as each engages in business activities for which it earns revenues and incurs expenses, discrete financial information is available for each, and this is the level at which the chief operating decision maker reviews discrete financial information for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance.
8

Table of Contents
The following table presents our financial performance by reportable segment.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mobile Solutions | $ | 78,961 |  |  | $ | 76,122 |  |  | $ | 234,132 |  |  | $ | 225,542 |
Power Solutions | 45,484 |  |  | 51,124 |  |  | 142,618 |  |  | 155,184 |
Intersegment sales eliminations | (2) |  |  | 51 |  |  | (13) |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 124,443 |  |  | $ | 127,297 |  |  | $ | 376,737 |  |  | $ | 380,726 |
Income (loss) from operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mobile Solutions | $ | (1,283) |  |  | $ | (474) |  |  | $ | (6,063) |  |  | $ | 3,224 |
Power Solutions | 3,936 |  |  | 2,582 |  |  | 8,266 |  |  | 4,376 |
Corporate | (5,392) |  |  | (4,225) |  |  | (16,064) |  |  | (17,651) |
Total | $ | (2,739) |  |  | $ | (2,117) |  |  | $ | (13,861) |  |  | $ | (10,051) |

Note 3. Inventories
Inventories are comprised of the following amounts:

| September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Raw materials | $ | 26,780 |  |  | $ | 32,146 |
Work in process | 23,317 |  |  | 24,610 |
Finished goods | 20,820 |  |  | 23,926 |
Total inventories | $ | 70,917 |  |  | $ | 80,682 |

Note 4. Intangible Assets
The following table shows changes in the carrying amount of intangible assets, net, by reportable segment.

| Mobile Solutions |  | Power Solutions |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 22,356 |  |  | $ | 50,535 |  |  | $ | 72,891 |
Amortization | (2,515) |  |  | (8,174) |  |  | (10,689) |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 | $ | 19,841 |  |  | $ | 42,361 |  |  | $ | 62,202 |

Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of those assets may not be recoverable. There were no indicators of impairment at September 30, 2023.
Note 5. Investment in Joint Venture
We own a 49% investment in Wuxi Weifu Autocam Precision Machinery Company, Ltd. (the “JV”), a joint venture located in Wuxi, China. The JV is jointly controlled and managed, and we account for it under the equity method.
The following table shows changes in our investment in the JV.

Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 31,802 |
Share of earnings | 3,087 |
Dividends paid by joint venture | (3,938) |
Foreign currency translation loss | (1,820) |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 | $ | 29,131 |

Note 6. Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate was 3.5% and (4.4)% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and 22.7% and (9.2)% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 differ from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the accrual of tax on non-permanently reinvested unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries and by limitation on the amount of tax benefit recorded for loss carryforwards in certain jurisdictions where we believe it is more likely than not that a portion of the future tax benefit may not be realized. In addition, the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30,
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2023 was favorably impacted by a net valuation allowance release based on management’s reassessment of the amount of its deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized.
Note 7. Debt
On March 22, 2021, we entered into a new $150.0 million term loan facility (as amended from time to time, the “Term Loan Facility”) and a new $50.0 million asset backed credit facility (as amended from time to time, the “ABL Facility”). On March 3, 2023, we amended the Term Loan Facility (the “Term Loan Amendment”) and ABL Facility to adjust certain covenants under the agreements, as well as to replace references to LIBOR with secured overnight finance rate (“SOFR”) for interest rate calculations. The following table presents the outstanding debt balances.

| September 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Term Loan Facility | $ | 147,741 |  |  | $ | 147,375 |
ABL Facility | — |  |  | 1,000 |
International loans | 10,704 |  |  | 8,729 |
Total principal | 158,445 |  |  | 157,104 |
Less: short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt | 6,699 |  |  | 3,321 |
Principal of long-term debt, net of current portion | 151,746 |  |  | 153,783 |
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs and discount (1) | 5,854 |  |  | 4,394 |
Long-term debt, net of current portion | $ | 145,892 |  |  | $ | 149,389 |

_______________________________
(1) In addition to this amount, costs of $0.5 million and $0.6 million related to the ABL Facility were recorded in other non-current assets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Term Loan Facility
Effective March 31, 2023, outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at either 1) one-month, three-month, or six-month SOFR with a duration adjustment (“Adjusted SOFR”), subject to a 1.000% floor, plus an applicable margin of 6.875%, or 2) the greater of various benchmark rates plus an applicable margin of 5.875%. Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, interest was increased on a paid-in-kind basis at a rate between 1.00% and 2.00% (“PIK interest”), dependent on the Company’s leverage ratio. The PIK interest is payable on the loan maturity date of September 22, 2026. At September 30, 2023, the Term Loan Facility bore interest, including PIK interest, based on one-month Adjusted SOFR, at 14.291%.
The Term Loan Facility requires quarterly principal payments of $0.4 million with the remaining unpaid principal amount due at the loan maturity date. We may be required to make additional principal payments annually that are calculated as a percentage of our excess cash flow, as defined by the lender, based on our net leverage ratio. The Term Loan Facility is collateralized by all of our assets. The Term Loan Facility has a first lien on all domestic assets other than accounts receivable and inventory and has a second lien on domestic accounts receivable and inventory. We were in compliance with all requirements under the Term Loan Facility as of September 30, 2023.
The Term Loan Facility was issued at a $3.8 million discount and we have capitalized an additional $5.3 million in debt issuance costs. These costs are recorded as a direct reduction to the carrying amount of the associated long-term debt and amortized over the term of the debt.
We had an interest rate swap that changed the one-month LIBOR to a fixed rate of 1.291% on $60.0 million of the outstanding balance of the Term Loan Facility. During the first quarter of 2023, we terminated the interest rate swap and received cash proceeds of $2.5 million which was equal to its fair value.
ABL Facility
The ABL Facility provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility in the amount of $50.0 million, of which $30.0 million is available in the form of letters of credit and $5.0 million is available for the issuance of short-term swingline loans. The availability of credit under the ABL Facility is limited by a borrowing base calculation derived from accounts receivable and inventory held in the United States. Outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest on a variable rate structure plus an interest rate spread that is based on the average amount of aggregate revolving commitment available. Effective March 3, 2023, the variable borrowing rate is either 1) Adjusted SOFR plus an applicable margin of 1.75% or 2.00%, depending on availability, or 2) the greater of the federal funds rate or prime, plus an applicable margin of 0.75% or 1.00%, depending on availability. We may elect whether to use one-month, three-month, or six-month Adjusted SOFR. At September 30, 2023, using one-month Adjusted SOFR plus a 2.00% margin, the interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility was 7.429%. We pay a commitment fee of 0.375% for unused capacity under the ABL Facility and a 2.125% fee on the amount of letters of credit outstanding. The final maturity date of the ABL Facility is March 22, 2026.
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As of September 30, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility, $10.9 million of outstanding letters of credit, and $28.7 million available for future borrowings under the ABL Facility. The ABL Facility has a first lien on domestic accounts receivable and inventory. We were in compliance with all requirements under the ABL Facility as of September 30, 2023.
Note 8. Leases
The following table contains supplemental cash flow information related to leases.

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
Operating cash flows used in finance leases | $ | 258 |  |  | $ | 262 |
Operating cash flows used in operating leases | 10,533 |  |  | 10,865 |
Financing cash flows used in finance leases | 1,084 |  |  | 2,177 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities | 1,619 |  |  | 908 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1) | 477 |  |  | 3,835 |

_______________________________
(1) Includes new leases, renewals, and modifications.
Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies
Brazil ICMS Tax Matter
Prior to the acquisition of Autocam Corporation (“Autocam”) in 2014, Autocam’s Brazilian subsidiary (“Autocam Brazil”) received notification from the Brazilian tax authority regarding ICMS (state value added tax) tax credits claimed on intermediary materials (e.g., tooling and perishable items) used in the manufacturing process. The Brazilian tax authority notification disallowed state ICMS tax credits claimed on intermediary materials based on the argument that these items are not intrinsically related to the manufacturing processes. Autocam Brazil filed an administrative defense with the Brazilian tax authority arguing, among other matters, that it should qualify for an ICMS tax credit, contending that the intermediary materials are directly related to the manufacturing process.
We believe that we have substantial legal and factual defenses, and we plan to defend our interests in this matter vigorously. The matter encompasses several lawsuits filed with the Brazilian courts requesting declaratory actions that no tax is due or seeking a stay of execution on the collection of the tax. In 2018, we obtained a favorable decision in one of the declaratory actions for which the period for appeal has expired. We have filed actions in each court requesting dismissal of the matter based on the earlier court action. In May 2020, we received an unfavorable decision in one of the lawsuits, and as a result have recorded a liability to the Brazilian tax authorities and a receivable from the former shareholders of Autocam for the same amount. Although we anticipate a favorable resolution to the remaining matters, we can provide no assurances that we will be successful in achieving dismissal of all pending cases. The U.S. dollar amount that would be owed in the event of an unfavorable decision is subject to interest, penalties, and currency impacts and therefore is dependent on the timing of the decision. For the remaining open lawsuits, we currently believe the cumulative potential liability in the event of unfavorable decisions on all matters will be less than $5.0 million, inclusive of interest and penalties.
We are entitled to indemnification from the former shareholders of Autocam, subject to the limitations and procedures set forth in the agreement and plan of merger relating to the Autocam acquisition. Management believes the indemnification would include amounts owed for the tax, interest, and penalties related to this matter. Accordingly, we do not expect to incur a loss related to this matter even in the event of an unfavorable decision and, therefore, have not accrued an amount for the remaining matters as of September 30, 2023.
Other Legal Matters
All other legal proceedings are of an ordinary and routine nature and are incidental to our operations. Management believes that such proceedings should not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. In making that determination, we analyze the facts and circumstances of each case at least quarterly in consultation with our attorneys and determine a range of reasonably possible outcomes.
Note 10. Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity
Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock
On March 22, 2021, we completed a private placement of 65,000 shares of newly designated Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.01 per share (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), at a price of $1,000 per share, together with
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detachable warrants (the “2021 Warrants”) to purchase up to 1.9 million shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The Series D Preferred Stock has an initial liquidation preference of $1,000 per share and is redeemable at our option in cash at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference then in effect. Series D Preferred Stock shares earn cash dividends at a rate of 10.0% per year, payable quarterly in arrears, accruing whether or not earned or declared. If no cash dividend is paid, then the liquidation preference per share effective on the dividend date increases by 12.0% per year. Beginning March 22, 2026, the cash dividend rate and in-kind dividend rate increase by 2.5% per year. Cash dividends are required beginning on September 30, 2027.
The Series D Preferred Stock is classified as mezzanine equity, between liabilities and stockholders’ equity, because certain features of the Series D Preferred Stock could require redemption of the Series D Preferred Stock upon a change of control event that is considered not solely within our control. For initial recognition, the Series D Preferred Stock was recognized at a discounted value, net of issuance costs and allocation to warrants and a bifurcated embedded derivative. The aggregate discount is amortized as a deemed dividend through March 22, 2026, which is the date the dividend rate begins to increase by 2.5% per year. Deemed dividends adjust retained earnings (or in the absence of retained earnings, additional paid-in capital).
In accordance with ASC 815-15, Derivatives and Hedging - Embedded Derivatives, certain features of the Series D Preferred Stock were bifurcated and accounted for as derivatives separately. Note 15 discusses the accounting for these features.
As of September 30, 2023, the carrying value of the Series D Preferred Stock shares was $74.3 million, which included $27.6 million of accumulated unpaid and deemed dividends. The following table presents the change in the Series D Preferred Stock carrying value during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 64,701 |
Accrual of in-kind dividends | 7,451 |
Amortization | 2,143 |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 | $ | 74,295 |

Note 11. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Revenue is recognized when control of the good or service is transferred to the customer either at a point in time or, in limited circumstances, as our services are rendered over time. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or services.
The following tables summarize revenue by customer geographical region.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 | Mobile Solutions |  | Power Solutions |  | Intersegment Sales Eliminations |  | Total
United States and Puerto Rico | $ | 37,048 |  |  | $ | 36,433 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | 73,479 |
China | 12,414 |  |  | 1,671 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,085 |
Brazil | 13,936 |  |  | 215 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,151 |
Mexico | 3,221 |  |  | 3,204 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,425 |
Germany | 2,139 |  |  | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,237 |
Poland | 1,397 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,399 |
Other | 8,806 |  |  | 3,861 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,667 |
Total net sales | $ | 78,961 |  |  | $ | 45,484 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | 124,443 |

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 | Mobile Solutions |  | Power Solutions |  | Intersegment Sales Eliminations |  | Total
United States and Puerto Rico | $ | 35,419 |  |  | $ | 39,579 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 75,049 |
China | 12,839 |  |  | 1,378 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,217 |
Brazil | 14,109 |  |  | 137 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,246 |
Mexico | 5,185 |  |  | 4,769 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,954 |
Germany | 1,432 |  |  | 84 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,516 |
Poland | 1,100 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,102 |
Other | 6,038 |  |  | 5,175 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,213 |
Total net sales | $ | 76,122 |  |  | $ | 51,124 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 127,297 |

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 | Mobile Solutions |  | Power Solutions |  | Intersegment Sales Eliminations |  | Total
United States and Puerto Rico | $ | 112,850 |  |  | $ | 115,571 |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | 228,408 |
China | 37,714 |  |  | 4,480 |  |  | — |  |  | 42,194 |
Brazil | 37,372 |  |  | 479 |  |  | — |  |  | 37,851 |
Mexico | 11,106 |  |  | 9,892 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,998 |
Germany | 5,617 |  |  | 329 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,946 |
Poland | 5,025 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,036 |
Other | 24,448 |  |  | 11,856 |  |  | — |  |  | 36,304 |
Total net sales | $ | 234,132 |  |  | $ | 142,618 |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | 376,737 |

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 | Mobile Solutions |  | Power Solutions |  | Intersegment Sales Eliminations |  | Total
United States and Puerto Rico | $ | 109,183 |  |  | $ | 120,442 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 229,625 |
China | 34,155 |  |  | 3,855 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,010 |
Brazil | 36,122 |  |  | 794 |  |  | — |  |  | 36,916 |
Mexico | 18,336 |  |  | 13,868 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,204 |
Germany | 3,836 |  |  | 219 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,055 |
Poland | 3,598 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,605 |
Other | 20,312 |  |  | 15,999 |  |  | — |  |  | 36,311 |
Total net sales | $ | 225,542 |  |  | $ | 155,184 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 380,726 |

The following tables summarize revenue by customer industry. Our products in the automotive industry include high-precision components and assemblies for electric power steering systems, electric braking, electric motors, fuel systems, emissions control, transmissions, moldings, stampings, sensors, and electrical contacts. Our products in the general industrial industry include high-precision metal and plastic components for a variety of industrial applications including diesel industrial motors, heating and cooling systems, fluid power systems, power tools, and more. While many of the industries we serve include electrical components, our products in the residential/commercial electrical industry category in the following tables include components used in smart meters, charging stations, circuit breakers, transformers, electrical contact assemblies, precision stampings, welded contact assemblies, specification plating, and surface finishing.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 | Mobile Solutions |  | Power Solutions |  | Intersegment Sales Eliminations |  | Total
Automotive | $ | 55,933 |  |  | $ | 8,641 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64,574 |
General Industrial | 17,284 |  |  | 12,351 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,635 |
Residential/Commercial Electrical | — |  |  | 17,802 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,802 |
Other | 5,744 |  |  | 6,690 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 12,432 |
Total net sales | $ | 78,961 |  |  | $ | 45,484 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | 124,443 |

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 | Mobile Solutions |  | Power Solutions |  | Intersegment Sales Eliminations |  | Total
Automotive | $ | 51,388 |  |  | $ | 10,822 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 62,210 |
General Industrial | 19,546 |  |  | 14,751 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,297 |
Residential/Commercial Electrical | — |  |  | 17,025 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,025 |
Other | 5,188 |  |  | 8,526 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 13,765 |
Total net sales | $ | 76,122 |  |  | $ | 51,124 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 127,297 |

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 | Mobile Solutions |  | Power Solutions |  | Intersegment Sales Eliminations |  | Total
Automotive | $ | 164,698 |  |  | $ | 26,559 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 191,257 |
General Industrial | 56,725 |  |  | 40,466 |  |  | — |  |  | 97,191 |
Residential/Commercial Electrical | — |  |  | 49,995 |  |  | — |  |  | 49,995 |
Other | 12,709 |  |  | 25,598 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 38,294 |
Total net sales | $ | 234,132 |  |  | $ | 142,618 |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | 376,737 |

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 | Mobile Solutions |  | Power Solutions |  | Intersegment Sales Eliminations |  | Total
Automotive | $ | 150,834 |  |  | $ | 30,628 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 181,462 |
General Industrial | 61,883 |  |  | 47,726 |  |  | — |  |  | 109,609 |
Residential/Commercial Electrical | — |  |  | 52,981 |  |  | — |  |  | 52,981 |
Other | 12,825 |  |  | 23,849 |  |  | — |  |  | 36,674 |
Total net sales | $ | 225,542 |  |  | $ | 155,184 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 380,726 |

Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue relates to payments received in advance of performance under the contract and recognized as revenue as (or when) we perform under the contract. The balance of deferred revenue was $1.1 million and $0.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Revenue recognized for performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 included $0.7 million that was included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2022.
Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligations
We are required to disclose the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of September 30, 2023, unless our contracts meet one of the practical expedients. Our contracts met the practical expedient for a performance obligation that is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.
Note 12. Share-Based Compensation
The following table lists the components of share-based compensation expense by type of award, which is recognized in the “Selling, general, and administrative expense” line in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Restricted stock | $ | 1,001 |  |  | 471 |  |  | 1,780 |  |  | 3,233 |
Performance share units | 206 |  |  | (201) |  |  | 264 |  |  | 505 |
Stock options | — |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 124 |
Share-based compensation expense | $ | 1,207 |  |  | $ | 307 |  |  | $ | 2,058 |  |  | $ | 3,862 |

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Restricted Stock
The following table presents the status of unvested restricted stock awards as of September 30, 2023 and changes during the nine months then ended.

| Nonvested Restricted Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2023 | 1,038 |  |  | $ | 4.03 |
Granted | 3,711 |  |  | 1.37 |
Vested | (1,130) |  |  | 3.65 |
Forfeited | (160) |  |  | 1.51 |
Unvested at September 30, 2023 | 3,459 |  |  | $ | 1.41 |

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we granted 1,881,000 shares of restricted stock to non-executive directors, officers and certain other employees under the NN, Inc. 2022 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2022 Omnibus Plan”). The shares of restricted stock vest pro-rata generally over three years for employees and over one year for non-executive directors.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we granted 1,830,000 shares of restricted stock to new executive officers as inducement awards, which vest pro-rata over five years.
Total grant date fair value of restricted stock that vested in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $4.1 million.
Performance Share Units
Performance Share Units (“PSUs”) are a form of long-term incentive compensation awarded to executive officers and certain other key employees designed to directly align the interests of employees to the interests of our stockholders, and to create long-term stockholder value. The following table presents the status of unvested PSUs as of September 30, 2023 and activity during the nine months then ended.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nonvested PSU Awards |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,031 |  |  | $ | 3.80 |
Granted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,621 |  |  | 1.14 |
Vested |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (67) |  |  | 4.63 |
Forfeited |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (634) |  |  | 2.47 |
Nonvested at September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,951 |  |  | $ | 1.56 |

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we granted 561,000 PSUs to certain executive officers. These units vest, if at all, upon our achieving a specified relative total shareholder return, which will be measured against the total shareholder return of a specified index during the three-year performance period that ends December 31, 2025.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we granted 3,060,000 PSUs to new executive officers as inducement awards. These units cliff-vest after five years and are contingent on the Company’s stock price meeting specified thresholds.
We estimated the grant date fair value of the PSU awards using the Monte Carlo simulation model, as the total shareholder return metric and changes in stock price are considered market conditions under ASC Topic 718, Compensation – stock compensation.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, 67,000 PSUs were subject to accelerated vesting upon a participant’s termination that was a qualifying event under the terms of the PSU award agreements. Total grant date fair value of PSUs that vested in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $0.3 million.
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Note 13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following tables present the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”).

| Foreign Currency Translation |  | Interest rate swap |  | Income taxes (1) |  | Total
Balance as of June 30, 2023 | $ | (40,706) |  |  | $ | 1,905 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (38,801) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (3,072) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,072) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to interest expense (2) | — |  |  | (449) |  |  | — |  |  | (449) |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) | (3,072) |  |  | (449) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,521) |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 | $ | (43,778) |  |  | $ | 1,456 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (42,322) |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 | $ | (37,906) |  |  | $ | 2,207 |  |  | $ | (468) |  |  | $ | (36,167) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (7,653) |  |  | 1,145 |  |  | (241) |  |  | (6,749) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to interest expense (2) | — |  |  | (146) |  |  | 30 |  |  | (116) |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) | (7,653) |  |  | 999 |  |  | (211) |  |  | (6,865) |
Balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | (45,559) |  |  | $ | 3,206 |  |  | $ | (679) |  |  | $ | (43,032) |

| Foreign Currency Translation |  | Interest rate swap |  | Income taxes (1) |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | (40,172) |  |  | $ | 3,149 |  |  | $ | (97) |  |  | $ | (37,120) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (3,606) |  |  | (327) |  |  | 97 |  |  | (3,836) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to interest expense (2) | — |  |  | (1,366) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,366) |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) | (3,606) |  |  | (1,693) |  |  | 97 |  |  | (5,202) |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 | $ | (43,778) |  |  | $ | 1,456 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (42,322) |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | (32,016) |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | (37) |  |  | (31,902) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (13,543) |  |  | 3,119 |  |  | (655) |  |  | (11,079) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to interest expense (2) | — |  |  | (64) |  |  | 13 |  |  | (51) |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) | (13,543) |  |  | 3,055 |  |  | (642) |  |  | (11,130) |
Balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | (45,559) |  |  | $ | 3,206 |  |  | $ | (679) |  |  | $ | (43,032) |

______________________
(1) Income tax effect of changes in interest rate swap.
(2) Represents (gain) loss recognized in interest expense on effective interest rate swap.
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Note 14. Net Loss Per Common Share
The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (5,057) |  |  | $ | (2,215) |  |  | $ | (29,609) |  |  | $ | (14,084) |
Adjustment for preferred stock cumulative dividends and deemed dividends | (3,347) |  |  | (2,783) |  |  | (9,594) |  |  | (7,979) |
Numerator for basic and diluted net loss per common share | $ | (8,404) |  |  | $ | (4,998) |  |  | $ | (39,203) |  |  | $ | (22,063) |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 47,186 |  |  | 43,884 |  |  | 45,793 |  |  | 43,695 |
Adjustment for participating securities | (3,496) |  |  | (1,065) |  |  | (2,365) |  |  | (918) |
Adjustment for warrants outstanding (1) | 3,849 |  |  | 1,892 |  |  | 2,982 |  |  | 1,893 |
Shares used to calculate basic and diluted net loss per share | 47,539 |  |  | 44,711 |  |  | 46,410 |  |  | 44,670 |
Basic and diluted net loss per common share | $ | (0.18) |  |  | $ | (0.11) |  |  | $ | (0.84) |  |  | $ | (0.49) |
Cash dividends declared per common share | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

_______________________________
(1) Outstanding warrants that are exercisable at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, are included in shares outstanding for calculation of basic earnings per share (see Note 15).
The following table presents securities that could be potentially dilutive in the future that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share because they had an anti-dilutive effect.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Stock Options | 315 |  |  | 542 |  |  | 407 |  |  | 563 |
2019 Warrants | 1,500 |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | 1,500 |
| 1,815 |  |  | 2,042 |  |  | 1,907 |  |  | 2,063 |

Stock options excluded from the calculations of diluted net loss per share had a per share exercise price ranging from $7.93 to $25.16 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The 2019 Warrants excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share had a per share exercise price of $11.03.
Note 15. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is an exit price representing the expected amount that an entity would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with market participants at the measurement date. We followed consistent methods and assumptions to estimate fair values as more fully described in the 2022 Annual Report.
Embedded Derivatives
In accordance with ASC 815-15, Derivatives and Hedging - Embedded Derivatives, certain features of our preferred stock and long term debt were bifurcated and accounted for as derivatives separately.
In conjunction with the Term Loan Amendment, we issued warrants to purchase up to 2.0 million shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share (the “2023 Warrants”). The 2023 Warrants are exercisable, in full or in part, at any time up to ten years after issuance. The 2023 Warrants include anti-dilution adjustments in the event of certain future equity issuances, stock splits, stock dividends, combinations or similar events.
In conjunction with our placement of the Series D Preferred Stock, we issued the 2021 Warrants to purchase up to 1.9 million shares of our common stock. The 2021 Warrants are exercisable, in full or in part, at any time prior to March 22, 2027, at an
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exercise price of $0.01 per share, subject to anti-dilution adjustments in the event of certain future equity issuances, stock splits, stock dividends, combinations or similar events.
The Series D Preferred Stock includes a put feature that allows the holder to redeem the Series D Preferred Stock upon a change in control at the greater of 1) the liquidation preference plus accrued dividends or 2) 140% of the liquidation preference. The put feature is considered a redemption right at a premium and is not clearly and closely related to the debt host.
In conjunction with our placement of the Series B Preferred Stock, we issued detachable warrants to purchase up to 1.5 million shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $12.00 per share (the “2019 Warrants”). The 2019 Warrants, are exercisable, in full or in part, at any time prior to December 11, 2026 and are subject to anti-dilution adjustments in the event of future below market issuances, stock splits, stock dividends, combinations or similar events. Due to the dilutive impact of subsequent issuances of warrants, the exercise price of the 2019 Warrants has been adjusted to $11.03 per share.
The following table presents the change in the liability balance of the embedded derivatives during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 2,959 |
Issuances | 2,712 |
Change in fair value (1) | 1,642 |
Balance as of September 30, 2023 | $ | 7,313 |

_______________________________
(1) Changes in the fair value are recognized in the “Other expense (income), net” line in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).
The following tables show the fair values of the embedded derivatives within the fair value hierarchy.

September 30, 2023 | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Derivative liability - other non-current liabilities | $ | 7,150 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 163 |

December 31, 2022 | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Derivative liability - other non-current liabilities | $ | 2,831 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 128 |

The fair value of the 2023 Warrants and 2021 Warrants is determined using the observable market price of a share of our common stock, less the $0.01 per share exercise price.
The fair value of the change-in-control put feature utilizes unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assessment of the probability of a change-in-control event occurring in a future period. The probability of a change-in-control event was 3% as of September 30, 2023 and ranged from 3% to 10% as of December 31, 2022.
The fair value of the 2019 Warrants is determined using a valuation model that utilizes unobservable inputs to determine the probability that the 2019 Warrants will remain outstanding for future periods. The probabilities resulted in a weighted average term of 2.9 years as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Interest Rate Swap
On July 22, 2021, we entered into a fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement to change the LIBOR-based component of the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 1.291% (the “2021 Swap”). The 2021 Swap had a notional amount of $60.0 million and a maturity date of July 31, 2024. We designated the 2021 Swap as a cash flow hedge at inception with cash settlements recognized in interest expense. During the first quarter of 2023, we terminated the 2021 Swap and received cash proceeds of $2.5 million which was the fair value of the 2021 Swap. Since the 2021 Swap was an effective cash flow hedge and the forecasted interest payments remaining probable of occurring, the gain will be recognized as a reduction to interest expense through the original maturity date of July 31, 2024.
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The following table presents the effects of the interest rate swap on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Interest expense (benefit) (1) | $ | (449) |  |  | $ | (146) |  |  | $ | (1,366) |  |  | $ | (64) |

_______________________________
(1) Represents (gain) loss recognized in interest expense on effective interest rate swap.
The following table shows the fair value of the interest rate swap within the fair value hierarchy.

December 31, 2022 | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Derivative asset - other current assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,130 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative asset - other non-current assets | — |  |  | 1,023 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,153 |  |  | $ | — |

The fair value of the interest rate swap is calculated through standard pricing models which use inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data such as interest rate yield curves, index forward curves, discount curves, and volatility surfaces. The counterparty to these derivative contracts is a highly rated financial institution which we believe carries only a minimal risk of nonperformance.
Fair Value Disclosures
Our financial instruments that are subject to fair value disclosure consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and debt. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying values of these financial instruments, except for debt, approximated fair value. The fair value of our debt was $167.2 million and $155.2 million, with a carrying amount of $152.6 million and $152.7 million, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The fair value of debt was calculated by discounting the future cash flows to its present value using prevailing market interest rates for debt with similar creditworthiness, terms and maturities and is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of NN, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The financial information as of September 30, 2023, should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report.
Overview
NN, Inc. is a global diversified industrial company that combines advanced engineering and production capabilities with in-depth materials science expertise to design and manufacture high-precision components and assemblies primarily for the electrical, automotive, general industrial, aerospace, defense, and medical markets. As used in this Quarterly Report, the terms “NN,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to NN, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ( the “Exchange Act”), which are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and include this statement for purposes of complying with these safe harbor provisions. These statements may discuss goals, intentions and expectations as to future trends, plans, events, results of operations or financial condition, or state other information relating to the Company, based on current beliefs of management as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Forward-looking statements generally will be accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “guidance,” “intend,” “may,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that are outside of management’s control and that may cause actual results to be materially different from such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, general economic conditions and economic conditions in the industrial sector; the impacts of pandemics, epidemics, disease outbreaks and other public health crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, on our financial condition, business operations and liquidity; competitive influences; risks that current customers will commence or increase captive production; risks of capacity underutilization; quality issues; material changes in the costs and availability of raw materials; economic, social, political and geopolitical instability, military conflict (including the Russia/Ukraine conflict, the conflict in Israel and surrounding areas, the possible expansion of such conflicts and the geopolitical and economic consequences associated therewith), currency fluctuation, and other risks of doing business outside of the United States; inflationary pressures and changes in the cost or availability of materials, supply chain shortages and disruptions, the availability of labor and labor disruptions along the supply chain; our dependence on certain major customers, some of whom are not parties to long-term agreements (and/or are terminable on short notice); the impact of acquisitions and divestitures, as well as expansion of end markets and product offerings; our ability to hire or retain key personnel; the level of our indebtedness; the restrictions contained in our debt agreements; our ability to obtain financing at favorable rates, if at all, and to refinance existing debt as it matures; new laws and governmental regulations; the impact of climate change on our operations; and cyber liability or potential liability for breaches of our or our service providers’ information technology systems or business operations disruptions. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Company to predict their occurrence or how they will affect the Company. The Company qualifies all forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
For additional information concerning such risk factors and cautionary statements, please see the sections titled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the 2022 Annual Report and this Quarterly Report.
Results of Operations
Factors That May Influence Results of Operations
The following paragraphs describe factors that have influenced results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, that management believes are important to provide an understanding of the business and results of operations or that may influence operations in the future.
Macroeconomic Conditions
We continue to monitor the ongoing impacts of current macroeconomic and geopolitical events, including changing conditions from the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing global conflicts, inflationary cost pressures, rising interest rates, supply chain disruptions, and labor shortages and disruptions.
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The COVID-19 pandemic and governmental responses thereto, including COVID-19 lockdowns in China, has impacted our business operations and our customers' and suppliers' ability to operate at normal levels. Disruptions in normal operating levels created supply chain disruptions and inflationary cost pressures within our end-markets. As of the date of this filing, we cannot predict the extent to which our operations, or those of our customers or suppliers, will be impacted in the future, or the ways in which COVID-19 may impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
The ongoing global conflicts continue to create volatility in global financial and energy markets, creating energy and supply chain shortages, which has added to the inflationary pressures experienced by the global economy. We continue to actively work with our suppliers to minimize impacts of supply shortages on our manufacturing capabilities. Although our business has not been materially impacted by the ongoing global conflicts as of the date of this filing, we cannot reasonably predict the extent to which our operations, or those of our customers or suppliers, will be impacted in the future, or the ways in which the conflict may impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The U.S. economy is experiencing inflationary increases and rising interest rates, as well as supply issues in materials, services, and labor due to economic policy, the COVID-19 pandemic and global conflicts. These impacts are likely to persist into 2024. We cannot predict the impact on our end-markets or input costs nor our ability to recover cost increases through pricing.
In September 2023, the United Auto Workers (the “UAW”) initiated a strike at certain U.S. facilities of General Motors, Ford and Stellantis North America (the “Detroit Three Automakers”) following the expiration of the collective bargaining agreement between the UAW and the Detroit Three Automakers. Certain of our customers in the automotive end market are suppliers to the Detroit Three Automakers. While the duration and scope of the initial and any future UAW strikes against the Detroit Three Automakers, as well as the corresponding impact on the business of suppliers to the Detroit Three Automakers and the impact on our own business, financial position, results of operations and cash flow, are impossible to predict at this time, the prolonged idling of our customers’ production facilities in response to the strikes could have a material adverse impact on us.
Footprint Optimization
In 2022, we took specific steps to consolidate our footprint by identifying less profitable end markets and focusing our strategic growth initiatives in markets where we believe we will be able to maximize profitability. During the first half of 2023, we closed our Taunton and Irvine sites from the Power Solutions group and three underutilized Mobile Solutions sites to reduce operating costs. Additionally, we continue to evaluate our global footprint, which may result in further consolidation or expansion actions to further improve our overall cost structure.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Consolidated Results

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ Change
Net sales | $ | 124,443 |  |  | $ | 127,297 |  |  | $ | (2,854) |
Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below) | 104,543 |  |  | 108,033 |  |  | $ | (3,490) |
Selling, general, and administrative expense | 11,693 |  |  | 10,205 |  |  | 1,488 |
Depreciation and amortization | 11,577 |  |  | 11,193 |  |  | 384 |
Other operating income, net | (631) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (614) |
Loss from operations | (2,739) |  |  | (2,117) |  |  | (622) |
Interest expense | 5,739 |  |  | 3,746 |  |  | 1,993 |
Other income, net | (1,463) |  |  | (1,156) |  |  | (307) |
Loss before benefit for income taxes and share of net income from joint venture | (7,015) |  |  | (4,707) |  |  | (2,308) |
Benefit for income taxes | 245 |  |  | 1,068 |  |  | (823) |
Share of net income from joint venture | 1,713 |  |  | 1,424 |  |  | 289 |
Net loss | $ | (5,057) |  |  | $ | (2,215) |  |  | $ | (2,842) |

Net Sales. Net sales decreased by $2.9 million, or 2.2%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to reduced volume, partially offset by higher customer pricing and favorable foreign exchange effects of $0.8 million. The closure of the Taunton and Irvine facilities contributed to the lower sales volume during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Cost of Sales. Cost of sales decreased by $3.5 million, or 3.2%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to lower sales volume and lower costs associated with facility
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closures in the third quarter. These decreases were partially offset by higher material and labor costs and unfavorable foreign exchange effects.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expense. Selling, general, and administrative expense increased by $1.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to increased wages and higher stock compensation expense, partially offset by lower travel and professional fees.
Other Operating Income, Net. Other operating income, net increased by $0.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to sublease income related to the facilities that closed during the second quarter of 2023.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $2.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to higher interest rates and the addition of a 2.00% PIK interest rate in connection with the Term Loan Amendment.

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Interest on debt | $ | 5,779 |  |  | $ | 3,639 |
Gain recognized on interest rate swap | (449) |  |  | (146) |
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount | 529 |  |  | 359 |
Capitalized interest | (350) |  |  | (272) |
Other | 230 |  |  | 166 |
Total interest expense | $ | 5,739 |  |  | $ | 3,746 |

Other Income, Net. Other income, net increased by $0.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, due to higher noncash derivative mark-to-market gains recognized during the current quarter compared to the third quarter of 2022.
Benefit (Provision) For Income Taxes. Our effective tax rate was 3.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to 22.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 was unfavorably impacted due to the accrual of tax on non-permanently reinvested unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries and by the limitation on the amount of tax benefit recorded for loss carryforwards in certain jurisdictions where we believe it is more likely than not that a portion of the future tax benefit may not be realized. In addition, the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was favorably impacted by a net valuation allowance release based on management’s reassessment of the amount of its deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized.
Share of Net Income from Joint Venture. Share of net income from the JV increased by $0.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to higher sales partially offset by higher depreciation and interest expense in the current quarter. The JV, in which we own a 49% investment, recognized net sales of $30.3 million and $27.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Results by Segment
MOBILE SOLUTIONS

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ Change
Net sales | $ | 78,961 |  |  | $ | 76,122 |  |  | $ | 2,839 |
Loss from operations | $ | (1,283) |  |  | $ | (474) |  |  | $ | (809) |

Net sales increased by $2.8 million, or 3.7%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to higher customer pricing, a customer settlement in the quarter, and favorable foreign exchange effects of $0.9 million, partially offset by lower volume.
Loss from operations changed unfavorably by $0.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to lower volume, unfavorable foreign exchange effects on costs, and increased depreciation expense. These were partially offset by the impact of a customer settlement in the quarter.
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POWER SOLUTIONS

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ Change
Net sales | $ | 45,484 |  |  | $ | 51,124 |  |  | $ | (5,640) |
Income from operations | $ | 3,936 |  |  | $ | 2,582 |  |  | $ | 1,354 |

Net sales decreased by $5.6 million, or 11.0%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in sales was primarily due to lower volume, partially offset by higher pricing. The closure of the Taunton and Irvine sites contributed to the lower sales volume during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Income from operations increased by $1.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to lower costs associated with the facilities that closed in the second quarter, higher pricing, and sublease income earned on the closed facilities, partially offset by the impact of lower sales volume.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023, compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Consolidated Results

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ Change
Net sales | $ | 376,737 |  |  | $ | 380,726 |  |  | $ | (3,989) |
Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below) | 320,648 |  |  | 316,500 |  |  | $ | 4,148 |
Selling, general, and administrative expense | 35,833 |  |  | 38,453 |  |  | (2,620) |
Depreciation and amortization | 34,643 |  |  | 33,962 |  |  | 681 |
Other operating expense (income), net | (526) |  |  | 1,862 |  |  | (2,388) |
Loss from operations | (13,861) |  |  | (10,051) |  |  | (3,810) |
Interest expense | 15,484 |  |  | 10,673 |  |  | 4,811 |
Other expense (income), net | 1,970 |  |  | (4,219) |  |  | 6,189 |
Loss before provision for income taxes and share of net income from joint venture | (31,315) |  |  | (16,505) |  |  | (14,810) |
Provision for income taxes | (1,381) |  |  | (1,514) |  |  | 133 |
Share of net income from joint venture | 3,087 |  |  | 3,935 |  |  | (848) |
Net loss | $ | (29,609) |  |  | $ | (14,084) |  |  | $ | (15,525) |

Net Sales. Net sales decreased by $4.0 million, or 1.0%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to reduced volume, primarily from the closure of the Taunton and Irvine facilities, lower customer settlements and unfavorable foreign exchange effects of $1.5 million. These decreases were partially offset by higher customer pricing and premium pricing on a certain customer project.
Cost of Sales. Cost of sales increased by $4.1 million, or 1.3%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to higher material and labor costs and lower favorable overhead absorption. These increases were partially offset by lower sales volume and lower labor costs associated with facility closures.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expense. Selling, general, and administrative expense decreased by $2.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to lower stock compensation expense and lower professional fees and travel costs.
Other Operating Expense (Income), Net. Other operating expense (income), net changed favorably by $2.4 million primarily due to a legal settlement reached during the first quarter of 2022 and sublease income earned on closed facilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $4.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to higher interest rates and the addition of a 2.00% PIK interest rate in connection with the Term Loan Amendment. These increases were partially offset by the recognition of gains from the interest rate swap and a higher amount of interest expense that was capitalized in the current quarter compared with the third
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quarter of 2022.

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Interest on debt | $ | 16,007 |  |  | $ | 9,819 |
Gain recognized on interest rate swap | (1,366) |  |  | (64) |
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount | 1,409 |  |  | 1,021 |
Capitalized interest | (1,060) |  |  | (572) |
Other | 494 |  |  | 469 |
Total interest expense | $ | 15,484 |  |  | $ | 10,673 |

Other Expense (Income), Net. Other expense (income), net changed unfavorably by $6.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to noncash derivative mark-to-market losses recognized during the first three quarters of 2023 compared to gains recognized during the first three quarters of 2022.
Benefit (Provision) for Income Taxes. Our effective tax rate was (4.4)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to (9.2)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 was unfavorably impacted by the accrual of tax on non-permanently reinvested unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries and by the limitation on the amount of tax benefit recorded for loss carryforwards in certain jurisdictions where we believe it is more likely than not that a portion of the future tax benefit may not be realized. In addition, the effective rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was favorably impacted by a net valuation allowance release based on management’s reassessment of the amount of its deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized.
Share of Net Income from Joint Venture. Share of net income from the JV decreased by $0.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to higher manufacturing costs and increased depreciation and interest expense. The JV, in which we own a 49% investment, recognized net sales of $75.9 million and $76.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Results by Segment
MOBILE SOLUTIONS

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ Change
Net sales | $ | 234,132 |  |  | $ | 225,542 |  |  | $ | 8,590 |
Income (loss) from operations | $ | (6,063) |  |  | $ | 3,224 |  |  | $ | (9,287) |

Net sales increased by $8.6 million, or 3.8%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to higher customer pricing, partially offset by lower volume, lower customer settlements and unfavorable foreign exchange effects of $1.3 million.
Income (loss) from operations changed unfavorably by $9.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to higher material and labor costs, lower sales volume, lower customer settlement and unfavorable foreign exchange effects. In addition, costs increased due to production challenges in two facilities associated with new business launches
POWER SOLUTIONS

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ Change
Net sales | $ | 142,618 |  |  | $ | 155,184 |  |  | $ | (12,566) |
Income from operations | $ | 8,266 |  |  | $ | 4,376 |  |  | $ | 3,890 |

Net sales decreased by $12.6 million, or 8.1%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due to lower volumes, primarily from the closure of the Taunton and Irvine facilities. These decreases were partially offset by higher customer pricing and premium pricing on a certain customer project.
Income from operations increased by $3.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to lower costs associated with the facilities that closed in the second quarter of 2023, premium pricing on a certain customer project in the first quarter of 2023, a legal settlement reached during the first quarter of 2022, and sublease income earned on closed facilities. These increases were partially offset by lower sales volume.
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Changes in Financial Condition from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023
Overview
From December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023, total assets decreased by $25.4 million primarily due to decreases in inventory, property, plant and equipment and intangible assets. The closure of two Power Solutions facilities contributed to the decrease in inventory and property, plant and equipment, and the decline in intangible assets is due to amortization.
From December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023, total liabilities increased by $7.5 million, primarily due to increases in accounts payable and other non-current liabilities, partially offset by a decrease in long-term debt. The increase in other non-current liabilities is primarily due to warrants issued in the first two quarters of 2023.
Working capital, which consists of current assets less current liabilities, was $104.7 million as of September 30, 2023, compared to $112.9 million as of December 31, 2022. The decrease in working capital was primarily due to a decrease in inventory and increases in accounts payable and current maturities of long-term debt.
Cash Flows
Cash provided by operations was $23.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared with cash used by operations of $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The difference was primarily due to decreases in accounts receivable and inventory during the nine months ended 2023 compared to increases in these balance during the corresponding period of 2022.
Cash used in investing activities increased by $0.1 million primarily due to higher expenditures for property, plant and equipment during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, partially offset by the proceeds from the sale of equipment at the Taunton and Irvine facilities in the first half of 2023.
Cash used in financing activities was $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared with cash provided by financing activities of $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The difference was primarily due to lower borrowings on the ABL Facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the prior year. This was partially offset by proceeds from new international loans for working capital needs during 2023.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Credit Facilities
The principal amount outstanding under our Term Loan Facility as of September 30, 2023, was $147.7 million, without regard to unamortized debt issuance costs and discount. As of September 30, 2023, we had $28.7 million available for future borrowings under the ABL Facility. This amount of borrowing capacity is net of $10.9 million of outstanding letters of credit at September 30, 2023, which are considered as usage of the ABL Facility.
The Term Loan Facility requires quarterly principal payments of $0.4 million with the remaining unpaid principal amount due on the final maturity date of September 22, 2026. Effective March 31, 2023, outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at either 1) one-month, three-month, or six-month Adjusted SOFR, subject to a 1.000% floor, plus an applicable margin of 6.875% or 2) the greater of various benchmark rates plus an applicable margin of 5.875%. Beginning with the second quarter of 2023, interest is increased on a paid-in-kind basis at a rate between 1.00% and 2.00%, dependent on the Company’s leverage ratio. Based on the interest rate in effect at September 30, 2023, annual cash interest payments would be approximately $18.2 million.
The ABL Facility bears interest on a variable borrowing rate based on either 1) Adjusted SOFR plus an applicable margin of 1.75% or 2.00%, depending on availability, or 2) the greater of the federal funds rate or prime, plus an applicable margin of 0.75% or 1.00%, depending on availability. We pay a commitment fee of 0.375% for unused capacity under the ABL Facility.
We were in compliance with all requirements under our Term Loan Facility and ABL Facility as of September 30, 2023. Both credit facilities allow for optional expansion of available borrowings, subject to certain terms and conditions.
Accounts Receivable Sales Programs
We participate in programs established by our customers which allows us to sell certain receivables from that customer on a non-recourse basis to a third-party financial institution. In exchange, we receive payment on the receivables, less a discount, sooner than under the customary credit terms we have extended to that customer. These programs allow us to improve working capital and cash flows. Our access to these programs is dependent on our customers ongoing agreements with the third-parties. Our participation in these programs is based on our specific cash needs throughout the year, the discount charged to receive payment earlier, the length of the payment terms with our customers, as well being subject to limits in our ABL Facility and Term Loan Facility agreements.
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Sale of Business
We are in the process of making final determinations in the matter of the sale of our Life Sciences business in October 2020 to American Securities LLC and its associated earnout provision. It has been represented that no earnout is due and we are verifying this matter per the terms of the agreement.
Other Receivables
In 2021, we filed a refund claim with the IRS as a result of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. Including interest accrued on the initial refund amount, we have a $11.4 million tax refund receivable at September 30, 2023, which is in the process of IRS review and approval. The timing of the receipt of the refund remains uncertain.
Seasonality and Fluctuation in Quarterly Results
General economic conditions impact our business and financial results, and certain businesses experience seasonal and other trends related to the industries and end markets that they serve. For example, European sales are often weaker in the summer months as customers slow production and sales to original equipment manufacturers are often stronger immediately preceding and following the launch of new products. However, as a whole, we are not materially impacted by seasonality.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our critical accounting policies, including the assumptions and judgments underlying them, are disclosed in the 2022 Annual Report, including those policies as discussed in Note 1 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2022 Annual Report. There have been no material changes to these policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to changes in financial market conditions in the normal course of business due to use of certain financial instruments as well as transacting business in various foreign currencies. To mitigate the exposure to these market risks, we have established policies, procedures, and internal processes governing the management of financial market risks. We are exposed to changes in interest rates primarily as a result of borrowing activities.
Interest Rate Risk
Our policy is to manage interest expense using a mixture of fixed and variable rate debt. To manage this mixture of fixed and variable rate debt effectively and mitigate interest rate risk, we may use interest rate swap agreements. The nature and amount of borrowings may vary as a result of future business requirements, market conditions, and other factors.
On July 22, 2021, we entered into a fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement to change the LIBOR-based component of the interest rate on $60.0 million of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 1.291% (the “2021 Swap”). During the first quarter of 2023, we terminated the interest rate swap and received cash proceeds of $2.5 million which was equal to its fair value. Refer to Note 15 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for further discussion about the interest rate swap.
At September 30, 2023, we had $147.7 million of principal outstanding under the Term Loan Facility without regard to capitalized debt issuance costs. A one-percent increase in one-month SOFR would have resulted in a net increase in interest expense of $1.5 million on an annualized basis.
At September 30, 2023, using Adjusted SOFR plus a 2.00% spread, any borrowings under the ABL Facility would have been at a 7.429% interest rate.
Foreign Currency Risk
Translation of our operating cash flows denominated in foreign currencies is impacted by changes in foreign exchange rates. We participate in various third party and intercompany loans, payables, and receivables denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. To help reduce exposure to foreign currency fluctuation, we have incurred debt in euros in the past. From time to time, we may use foreign currency derivatives to hedge currency exposures when these exposures meet certain discretionary levels. We did not hold a position in any foreign currency derivatives as of September 30, 2023.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023, to ensure that information required to be disclosed
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in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
As disclosed in Note 9 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report, we are engaged in certain legal proceedings, and the disclosure set forth in Note 9 relating to legal proceedings is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Except as noted below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the 2022 Annual Report under Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”
The UAW strikes against the Detroit Three Automakers could have material adverse effects on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Certain of our customers in the automotive end market are suppliers to the Detroit Three Automakers. While the duration and scope of the initial and any future UAW strikes against the Detroit Three Automakers, as well as the corresponding impact on the business of suppliers to the Detroit Three Automakers and the impact on our own business, financial position, results of operations and cash flow, are impossible to predict at this time, the prolonged idling of customers’ production facilities in response to the strikes could have a material adverse impact on us. The extent to which the UAW strikes will impact us will depend on future developments, which cannot be predicted and are highly uncertain. The ultimate impact on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows will depend on factors beyond our control including the duration and scope of the strikes.
We currently, and may in the future, have assets held at financial institutions that may exceed the insurance coverage offered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), and the loss of such assets could have a severe negative affect on our operations and liquidity.
On March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, which appointed the FDIC as receiver. Similarly, on March 12, 2023, Signature Bank and Silvergate Capital Corp. were each swept into receivership. A statement by the Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC stated that all depositors of SVB would have access to all of their money after only one business day of closure, including funds held in uninsured deposit accounts. Although we do not have any funds deposited with SVB or Signature Bank, we currently have our cash and cash equivalents held in deposit in accounts at certain FDIC-insured financial institutions, some of which include amounts in excess of the insurance coverage offered by the FDIC. In the future, we may maintain our cash and cash equivalents at financial institutions in the United States in amounts that may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000. In the event of a failure of any of these financial institutions where we maintain our deposits or other assets, we may incur a loss to the extent such loss exceeds the FDIC insurance limitation, which could have a material adverse effect upon our liquidity, financial condition and our results of operations.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Description of Exhibit
10.1 |  | Executive Employment Agreement, effective as of August 10, 2023, by and between NN Canada, Inc. and Tim French (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 10, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.2 |  | Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement, by and between NN, Inc. and Tim French (Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 10, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.3 |  | Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement, by and between NN, Inc. and Tim French (Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 10, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.4 |  | Form of Separation Agreement, by and between NN Canada, Inc. and Tim French (Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 10, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.5 |  | Form of Indemnification Agreement, by and between NN Canada, Inc. and Tim French (Filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 10, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference).
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| NN, Inc.
| (Registrant)
Date: November 7, 2023 | /s/ Harold C. Bevis
| Harold C. Bevis
| President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
| (Principal Executive Officer)
| (Duly Authorized Officer)
Date: November 7, 2023 | /s/ Michael C. Felcher
| Michael C. Felcher
| Senior Vice President - Chief Financial Officer
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
| (Duly Authorized Officer)

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