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Fair Value Measurements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements Fair value is an exit price representing the expected amount that an entity would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with market participants at the measurement date. We followed consistent methods and assumptions to estimate fair values as more fully described in Note 1. Embedded Derivatives In accordance with ASC 815-15, Derivatives and Hedging - Embedded Derivatives, certain features of our preferred stock and long-term debt were bifurcated and accounted for as derivatives separately. In conjunction with the Term Loan Amendment, we issued warrants to purchase up to 2.0 million shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share (the “2023 Warrants”). The 2023 Warrants are exercisable, in full or in part, at any time prior to June 30, 2033. The 2023 Warrants include anti-dilution adjustments in the event of certain future equity issuances, stock splits, stock dividends, combinations or similar events. In conjunction with our placement of the Series D Preferred Stock, we issued the 2021 Warrants to purchase up to 1.9 million shares of our common stock. The 2021 Warrants, are exercisable, in full or in part, at any time prior to March 22, 2027, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, subject to anti-dilution adjustments in the event of certain future equity issuances, stock splits, stock dividends, combinations or similar events. On February 5, 2024, all of the 2021 Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis, resulting in the issuance of 1,896,000 shares. The Series D Preferred Stock includes a put feature that allows the holder to redeem the Series D Preferred Stock upon a change in control at the greater of 1) the liquidation preference plus accrued dividends or 2) 140% of the liquidation preference. The put feature was considered a redemption right at a premium and is not clearly and closely related to the debt host. Since the liquidation preference plus accrued dividends was greater than 140% of the liquidation preference at December 31, 2023, the put feature is no longer applicable. In conjunction with our placement of the Series B Preferred Stock, we issued the 2019 Warrants to purchase up to 1.5 million shares of our common stock. The 2019 Warrants, are exercisable, in full or in part, at any time prior to December 11, 2026, at an exercise price of $11.03 per share, and are subject to anti-dilution adjustments in the event of future below market issuances, stock splits, stock dividends, combinations or similar events. The following table presents the changes in the liability balance of the embedded derivatives.
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 2,959 |  |  | $ | 8,224 |
Issuances | 2,712 |  |  | — |
Change in fair value (1) | 10,885 |  |  | (5,265) |
Balance at end of year | $ | 16,556 |  |  | $ | 2,959 |
_______________________________ (1) Changes in the fair value are recognized in the “Other expense (income), net” line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The following tables show the fair values of the embedded derivatives within the fair value hierarchy.
December 31, 2023 | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Derivative liability - other non-current liabilities | 15,421 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,135 |
December 31, 2022 | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Derivative liability - other non-current liabilities | 2,831 |  |  | — |  |  | 128 |
The fair value of the 2023 Warrants and 2021 Warrants is determined using the observable market price of a share of our common stock, less the $0.01 per share exercise price. The fair value of the change-in-control put feature utilized unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assessment of the probability of a change-in-control event occurring in a future period. The probability of a change-in-control event was 3% to 10% as of December 31, 2022. The fair value of the 2019 Warrants is determined using a valuation model that utilizes unobservable inputs to determine the probability that the 2019 Warrants will remain outstanding for future periods. The probabilities resulted in a weighted average term of 2.9 years as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Interest Rate Swaps On July 22, 2021, we entered into a fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement to change the LIBOR-based component of the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 1.291% (the “2021 Swap”). The 2021 Swap has a notional amount of $60.0 million and a maturity date of July 31, 2024. We designated the 2021 Swap as a cash flow hedge at inception with cash settlements recognized in interest expense. During the first quarter of 2023, we terminated the 2021 Swap and received cash proceeds of $2.5 million which was the fair value of the 2021 Swap. Since the 2021 Swap was an effective cash flow hedge and the forecasted interest payments remaining probable of occurring, the gain will be recognized as a reduction to interest expense through the original maturity date of July 31, 2024. On February 8, 2019, we entered into a $700.0 million fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement that changed the LIBOR-based portion of the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 2.4575% (the “2019 Swap”). On March 22, 2021, we terminated the 2019 Swap with a $13.7 million cash payment in connection with the extinguishment of our previously outstanding long-term variable-rate debt. The 2019 Swap was designated as a cash flow hedge at inception. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, the 2019 Swap no longer qualified as an effective hedge, and subsequent changes in fair value of the 2019 Swap were recognized in earnings. Cash settlements during 2021 are presented in investing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The following table presents the effect of the interest rate swaps on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Interest expense (benefit) (1) | $ | (1,815) |  |  | $ | (428) |  |  | $ | 73 |
Derivative payments on interest rate swap (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,717 |
Loss on interest rate swap (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,033 |
_______________________________ (1) Represents (gain) loss recognized in interest expense on effective interest rate swap. (2) Represents settlements and changes in fair value on the 2019 Swap while the hedge was ineffective. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we reported $1.0 million and $3.1 million gains, respectively, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income related to the interest rate swap. The following table shows the fair values of the interest rate swaps within the fair value hierarchy.
December 31, 2022 | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Derivative asset - other current assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,130 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative asset - other non-current assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,023 |  |  | $ | — |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,153 |  |  | $ | — |
The fair value of the interest rate swap was calculated through standard pricing models which used inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data such as interest rate yield curves, index forward curves, discount curves, and volatility surfaces. The counterparty to the derivative contract is a highly rated financial institution which we believe carried only a minimal risk of nonperformance. Fair Value Disclosures Our financial instruments that are subject to fair value disclosure consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and debt. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying values of these financial instruments, except for debt, approximated fair value. The fair value of our debt was $162.2 million and $155.2 million, with a carrying amount of $153.3 million and $152.7 million, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The fair value of debt was calculated by discounting the future cash flows to its present value using prevailing market interest rates for debt with similar creditworthiness, terms and maturities and is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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