Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiary, Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B. (collectively, the “Corporation”). All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B. (the “Bank”) converted from a federally chartered mutual savings bank to a federally chartered stock savings bank effective June 27, 1996. Provident Financial Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation organized by the Bank, acquired all of the capital stock of the Bank issued in the conversion; the transaction was recorded on a book value basis.

The Corporation operates in two business segments: community banking through the Bank and mortgage banking through Provident Bank Mortgage (“PBM”), a division of the Bank. The Bank's activities include attracting deposits, offering banking services and originating multi-family, commercial real estate, construction and, to a lesser extent, other mortgage, commercial business and consumer loans. Deposits are collected primarily from 14 banking locations located in Riverside and San Bernardino counties in California. PBM's activities include originating single-family loans, primarily first mortgages for sale to investors and to a lesser extent, for investment by the Bank. Loans are primarily originated in Southern California and Northern California by loan agents employed by the Bank, from its banking locations and freestanding lending offices. PBM operates wholesale loan production offices in Pleasanton and Rancho Cucamonga, California and retail loan production offices in Carlsbad, City of Industry, Elk Grove, Escondido, Glendora, Livermore, Rancho Cucamonga, Riverside (3), Roseville, Santa Barbara, Victorville and Westlake Village, California.

Use of estimates

The accounting and reporting policies of the Corporation conform to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and of the loan repurchase reserve and the valuation of investment securities available for sale, loans held for sale, loans held for investment at fair value, deferred tax assets, loan servicing assets, real estate owned, derivative financial instruments and deferred compensation costs.

The following accounting policies, together with those disclosed elsewhere in the consolidated financial statements, represent the significant accounting policies of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. and the Bank.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and due from banks, as well as overnight deposits placed at correspondent banks.

Investment securities

The Corporation classifies its qualifying investments as available for sale or held to maturity. The Corporation classifies investments as held to maturity when it has the ability and it is management’s positive intent to hold such securities to maturity. Securities held to maturity are carried at amortized historical cost. All other securities are classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value. Fair value generally is determined based upon quoted market prices. Changes in net unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. Gains and losses on sale or dispositions of investment securities are included in non-interest income and are determined using the specific identification method. Purchase premiums and discounts are amortized over the expected average life of the securities using the effective interest method.

Investment securities are reviewed annually for possible other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). For debt securities, an OTTI is evident if the Corporation intends to sell the debt security or will more likely than not be required to sell the debt security before full recovery of the entire amortized cost basis is realized. However, even if the Corporation does not intend to sell the debt security and will not likely be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its entire amortized cost basis, the Corporation must evaluate expected cash flows to be received and determine if a credit loss has occurred. In the event of a credit loss, the credit component of the impairment is recognized within non-interest income and the non-credit component is recognized through accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. For equity securities, management determined that the impairment in the available-for-sale portfolio was an OTTI on the basis of the purchase agreement between the acquiring institution and the acquired institution which issued the equity security that was recognized as a permanent impairment in non-interest income in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016.

PBM activities

Mortgage loans are originated for both investment and sale to the secondary market. Since the Corporation is primarily a single-family adjustable-rate mortgage (“ARM”) lender for its own portfolio, a high percentage of fixed-rate loans are originated for sale to institutional investors.

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 825, “Financial Instruments,” allows for the option to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value initially and at subsequent measurement dates with changes in fair value included in earnings. The option may be applied instrument by instrument, but it is irrevocable. The Corporation has elected the fair value option on PBM loans held for sale and believes the fair value option most closely aligns the timing of the recognition of non-interest income and non-interest expense. Fair value is generally determined by measuring the value of outstanding loan sale commitments in comparison to investors’ current yield requirements as calculated on the aggregate loan basis. Loans are generally sold without recourse, other than standard representations and warranties. A high percentage of loans are sold on a servicing released basis. In some transactions, the Corporation may retain the servicing rights in order to generate servicing income. Where the Corporation continues to service loans after sale, investors are paid their share of the principal collections together with interest at an agreed-upon rate, which generally differs from the loan’s contractual interest rate.

Loans previously sold to the FHLB – San Francisco under the Mortgage Partnership Finance (“MPF”) program have a recourse liability. The FHLB – San Francisco absorbs the first four basis points of loss by establishing a first loss account and a credit scoring process is used to calculate the maximum recourse amount for the Bank. All losses above the Bank’s maximum recourse are the responsibility of the FHLB – San Francisco. The FHLB – San Francisco pays the Bank a credit enhancement fee on a monthly basis to compensate the Bank for accepting the recourse obligation. As of June 30, 2016, the Bank serviced $20.4 million of loans under this program and has established a recourse liability of $242,000 as compared to $28.2 million of loans serviced and a recourse liability of $267,000 at June 30, 2015. Net realized (recoveries) losses of $(15,000), $32,000 and $139,000 were recognized in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, under this program. The recourse liability and recognized losses in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 were attributable to the cumulative loan losses of the loans sold which have largely extinguished the first loss account established by the FHLB – San Francisco.

Occasionally, the Bank is required to repurchase loans sold to Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or other investors if it is determined that such loans do not meet the credit requirements of the investor, or if one of the parties involved in the loan misrepresented pertinent facts, committed fraud, or if such loans were 90-days past due within 120 days of the loan funding date. During the years ended June 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Bank repurchased $1.7 million, $1.6 million and $437,000 of single-family loans, respectively. Other repurchase requests were settled for $470,000, $22,000 and $666,000 in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which did not result in the repurchase of the loan itself. In fiscal 2016, the Bank entered into a global settlement with one of the Bank’s legacy loan investors, which eliminated all past, current and future repurchase claims from this particular investor, in exchange for a one-time $400,000 payment. In addition to the specific recourse liability for the MPF program, the Bank has established a recourse liability of $211,000 and $501,000 for loans sold to other investors as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

In March 2016, the Bank entered into a global settlement with one of the Bank’s legacy loan investors, which eliminated all past, current and future repurchase claims from this particular investor. The settlement agreement was executed in March 2016 and paid in April 2016. The settlement required the accrual of an additional recourse provision of $144,000 during the third quarter of fiscal 2016 which fully funded the settlement amount in addition to the recourse reserve that had already been provided in prior periods for this investor.

Activity in the recourse liability for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was as follows:



(In Thousands)	2016			2015
Balance, beginning of year	$	768		$	904
Recourse provision (recovery)	155			(86		)
Net settlements in lieu of loan repurchases	(470		)	(50		)
Balance, end of the year	$	453		$	768

The Bank is obligated to refund loan sale premiums to investors when a loan pays off within a specific time period following the loan sale; the time period ranges from three to six months, depending upon the loan sale agreement. Total loan sale premium refunds in fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $384,000, $2.0 million and $750,000, respectively. As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Bank’s liability was $214,000 and $653,000, respectively, for future loan sale premium refunds.

Gains or losses on the sale of loans, including fees received or paid, are recognized at the time of sale and are determined by the difference between the net sales proceeds and the allocated book value of the loans sold. When loans are sold with servicing retained, the carrying value of the loans is allocated between the portion sold and the portion retained (i.e., mortgage servicing assets and interest-only strips), based on estimates of their respective fair values.

Mortgage servicing assets (“MSA”) are amortized in proportion to and over the period of the estimated net servicing income and are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value of MSA is based on the present value of estimated net future cash flows related to contractually specified servicing fees. The Bank periodically evaluates MSA for impairment, which is measured as the excess of cost over fair value. For additional information, see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, “Mortgage Loan Servicing and Loans Originated for Sale.”

Rights to future income from serviced loans that exceed contractually specified servicing fees are recorded as interest-only strips. Interest-only strips are carried at fair value, utilizing the same assumptions that are used to value the related servicing assets, with any unrealized gain or loss, net of tax, recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Interest-only strips are included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, the fair value of the interest-only strips was $47,000 and $63,000, respectively, and the net unrealized gain after statutory taxes of the interest-only strips was $27,000 and $36,000, respectively.

Loans held for sale

Loans held for sale consist primarily of long-term fixed-rate loans secured by first trust deeds on single-family residences, the majority of which are Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), United States Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”), Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac loan products. The loans are generally offered to customers located in (a) Southern California, primarily in Riverside and San Bernardino counties, commonly known as the Inland Empire, and Orange, Los Angeles, San Diego and other surrounding counties and (b) Northern California, primarily Alameda, Marin, Placer and Shasta and other surrounding counties. The loans have been hedged with loan sale commitments, To-be-Announced ("TBA") Mortgage-Backed-Securities ("MBS") trades and option contracts. The loan sale settlement period is generally between 20 to 30 days from the date of the loan funding. The Corporation adopted ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” and elected the fair value option (ASC 825, “Financial Instruments”) on loans held for sale.

Loans held for investment

Loans held for investment consist primarily of long-term adjustable rate loans secured by first trust deeds on single-family residences, other residential property, commercial property and land. Additionally, multi-family and commercial real estate loans are becoming a substantial part of loans held for investment, which comprised 60% and 54% at June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These loans are generally offered to customers and businesses located in the same areas of Southern and Northern California described above.

Net loan origination fees and certain direct origination expenses are deferred and amortized to interest income over the contractual life of the loan using the effective interest method. Amortization is discontinued for non-performing loans. Interest receivable represents, for the most part, the current month’s interest, which will be included as a part of the borrower’s next monthly loan payment. Interest receivable is accrued only if deemed collectible. Loans are placed on non-performing status when they become 90 days past due or if the loan is deemed impaired. When a loan is placed on non-performing status, interest accrued but not received is reversed against interest income. Interest income on non-performing loans is subsequently recognized only to the extent that cash is received and the principal balance is deemed collectible. If the principal balance is not deemed collectible, the entire payment received (principal and interest) is applied to the outstanding loan balance. Non-performing loans that become current as to both principal and interest are returned to accrual status after demonstrating satisfactory payment history (usually six consecutive months) and when future payments are expected to be collected.

Allowance for loan losses

The allowance for loan losses involves significant judgment and assumptions by management, which has a material impact on the carrying value of net loans. Management considers the accounting estimate related to the allowance for loan losses a critical accounting estimate because it is highly susceptible to changes from period to period, requiring management to make assumptions about probable incurred losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The impact of a sudden large loss could deplete the allowance and require increased provisions to replenish the allowance, which would negatively affect earnings.

The allowance is based on two principles of accounting: (i) ASC 450, “Contingencies,” which requires that losses be accrued when they are probable of occurring and can be estimated; and (ii) ASC 310, “Receivables,” which requires that losses be accrued for non-performing loans that may be determined on an individually evaluated basis or based on an aggregated pooling method where the allowance is developed primarily by using historical charge-off statistics. The allowance has two components: collectively evaluated allowances and individually evaluated allowances. Each of these components is based upon estimates that can change over time. The allowance is based on historical experience and as a result can differ from actual losses incurred in the future. Additionally, differences may result from qualitative factors such as unemployment data, gross domestic product, interest rates, retail sales, the value of real estate and real estate market conditions. The historical data is reviewed at least quarterly and adjustments are made as needed. Various techniques are used to arrive at an individually evaluated allowance, including discounted cash flows and the fair market value of collateral. The use of these techniques is inherently subjective and the actual losses could be greater or less than the estimates. Management considers, based on currently available information, the allowance for loan losses sufficient to absorb probable losses inherent in loans held for investment.

Allowance for unfunded loan commitments

The Corporation maintains the allowance for unfunded loan commitments at a level that is adequate to absorb estimated probable losses related to these unfunded credit facilities. The Corporation determines the adequacy of the allowance based on periodic evaluations of the unfunded credit facilities, including an assessment of the probability of commitment usage, credit risk factors for loans outstanding to these same customers, and the terms and expiration dates of the unfunded credit facilities. The allowance for unfunded loan commitments is recorded in other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Net adjustments to the allowance for unfunded loan commitments are included in other non-interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Troubled debt restructuring (“restructured loans”)

A restructured loan is a loan which the Corporation, for reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Corporation would not otherwise consider. These financial difficulties include, but are not limited to, the borrowers default status on any of their debts, bankruptcy and recent changes in their financial circumstances (loss of job, etc.).

The loan terms which have been modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial difficulty, include but are not limited to:


a)	A reduction in the stated interest rate.


b)	An extension of the maturity at an interest rate below market.


c)	A reduction in the accrued interest.


d)	Extensions, deferrals, renewals and rewrites.


e)	Loans that have been discharged in a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy that have not been reaffirmed by the borrower.

To qualify for restructuring, a borrower must provide evidence of creditworthiness such as, current financial statements, most recent income tax returns, current paystubs, current W-2s, and most recent bank statements, among other documents, which are then verified by the Corporation. The Corporation re-underwrites the loan with the borrower's updated financial information, new credit report, current loan balance, new interest rate, remaining loan term, updated property value and modified payment schedule, among other considerations, to determine if the borrower qualifies.

The Corporation measures the allowance for loan losses of restructured loans based on the difference between the loan's original carrying amount and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the original effective yield of the loan. Based on the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency's ("OCC") guidance with respect to restructured loans and to conform to general practices within the banking industry, the Corporation maintains certain restructured loans on accrual status, provided there is reasonable assurance of repayment and performance, consistent with the modified terms based upon a current, well-documented credit evaluation.

Other restructured loans are classified as “Substandard” and placed on non-performing status. The Corporation upgrades restructured single-family loans to the pass category if the borrower has demonstrated satisfactory contractual payments for at least six consecutive months or 12 months for those loans that were restructured more than once. Once the borrower has demonstrated satisfactory contractual payments beyond 12 consecutive months, the loan is no longer categorized as a restructured loan. In addition to the payment history described above; multi-family, commercial real estate, construction and commercial business loans must also demonstrate a combination of corroborating characteristics to be upgraded, such as: satisfactory cash flow, satisfactory guarantor support, and additional collateral support, among others.

Non-performing loans

The Corporation assesses loans individually and classifies loans when the accrual of interest has been discontinued, loans have been restructured or management has serious doubts about the future collectibility of principal and interest, even though the loans may currently be performing. Factors considered in determining classification include, but are not limited to, expected future cash flows, the financial condition of the borrower and current economic conditions. The Corporation measures each non-performing loan based on ASC 310, establishes a collectively evaluated or individually evaluated allowance and charges off those loans or portions of loans deemed uncollectible.

Real estate owned

Real estate acquired through foreclosure is initially recorded at the fair value of the real estate acquired, less estimated selling costs. Subsequent to foreclosure, the Corporation charges current earnings for estimated losses if the carrying value of the property exceeds its fair value. Gains or losses on the sale of real estate are recognized upon disposition of the property. Costs relating to improvement, maintenance and repairs of the property are expensed as incurred under gain (loss) on sale and operations of real estate owned acquired in the settlement of loans within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Impairment of long-lived assets

The Corporation reviews its long-lived assets for impairment annually or when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets include buildings, land, fixtures, furniture and equipment. An asset is considered impaired when the expected discounted cash flows over the remaining useful life are less than the net book value. When impairment is indicated for an asset, the amount of impairment loss is the excess of the net book value over its fair value.

Premises and equipment

Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed primarily on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives as follows:



	Buildings	10 to 40 years
	Furniture and fixtures	3 to 10 years
	Automobiles	3 years
	Computer equipment	3 to 5 years

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of their respective lease terms or the useful life of the improvement, which ranges from one to 10 years. Maintenance and repair costs are charged to operations as incurred.

Income taxes

The Corporation accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” ASC 740 requires the affirmative evaluation that it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits of a tax position, that an enterprise is entitled to economic benefits resulting from positions taken in income tax returns. If a tax position does not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the benefit of that position is not recognized in the financial statements.

ASC 740 requires that when determining the need for a valuation allowance against a deferred tax asset, management must assess both positive and negative evidence with regard to the realizability of the tax losses represented by that asset. To the extent available if sources of taxable income are insufficient to absorb tax losses, a valuation allowance is necessary. Sources of taxable income for this analysis include prior years’ tax returns, the expected reversals of taxable temporary differences between book and tax income, prudent and feasible tax-planning strategies, and future taxable income. The deferred income tax asset related to the allowance for loan losses will be realized when actual charge-offs are made against the allowance. Based on the availability of loss carry-backs and projected taxable income during the periods for which loss carry-forwards are available, management believes it is more likely than not the Corporation will realize the deferred tax asset. The Corporation continues to monitor the deferred tax asset on a quarterly basis for a valuation allowance. The future realization of these tax benefits primarily hinges on adequate future earnings to utilize the tax benefit. Prospective earnings or losses, tax law changes or capital changes could prompt the Corporation to reevaluate the assumptions which may be used to establish a valuation allowance. As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, the estimated deferred tax asset was $5.4 million and $5.6 million, respectively. The Corporation maintains net deferred income tax assets for deductible temporary tax differences, such as loss reserves, deferred compensation, non-accrued interest and unrealized gains. The decrease in the net deferred tax asset resulted primarily from items related to loss reserves, state taxes, fair value adjustments and depreciation, partly offset by deferred compensation and deferred loan costs. The Corporation did not have any liabilities for uncertain tax positions or any known unrecognized tax benefit at June 30, 2016 or 2015.

Bank owned life insurance ("BOLI")

ASC 715-60-35, "Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements," requires an employer to recognize obligations associated with endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements that extend into the participant's post-employment benefit cost for the continuing life insurance or based on the future death benefit depending on the contractual terms of the underlying agreement. The Corporation adopted ASC 715-60-35 using the latter option, i.e., based on the future death benefit. The Bank purchases BOLI policies on the lives of certain executive officers while they are employed by the Bank and is the owner and beneficiary of the policies. The Bank invests in BOLI to provide an efficient form of funding for long-term retirement and other employee benefits costs. The Bank records these BOLI policies within prepaid expenses and other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at each policy’s respective cash surrender value, with changes recorded in other non-interest income and salaries and employee benefits expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Cash dividend

A declaration or payment of dividends is at the discretion of the Corporation’s Board of Directors, who take into account the Corporation’s financial condition, results of operations, tax considerations, capital requirements, industry standards, economic conditions and other factors, including the regulatory restrictions which affect the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Corporation. Under Delaware law, dividends may be paid either out of surplus or, if there is no surplus, out of net profits for the current fiscal year and/or the preceding fiscal year in which the dividend is declared. For additional information, see Note 22 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements regarding the subsequent event related to the cash dividend.

Stock repurchases

The Corporation repurchases its common stock consistent with Board-approved stock repurchase plans. During fiscal 2016, the Corporation repurchased 742,267 shares with an average cost of $17.39 per share, of which 348,984 and 393,283 shares were purchased under the April 2015 and October 2015 stock repurchase programs, respectively. In addition, the Corporation purchased of 4,500 shares from employees' stock option exercises and 3,090 shares of distributed restricted stock in settlement of employees' withholding tax obligations. The April 2015 program, which authorized the repurchase of up to 5% of outstanding shares, or 430,651 shares, was completed in fiscal 2016. The October 2015 program authorized the repurchase of up to 5% of outstanding shares, or 421,633 shares, of which 28,350 shares remain available for future purchases at June 30, 2016. On May 19, 2016, the Corporation authorized the repurchase of up to 5% of outstanding shares, or 397,000 shares effective upon the completion of the October 2015 stock repurchase plan.

Earnings per common share (“EPS”)

Basic EPS represents net income divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period excluding any potential dilutive effects. Diluted EPS gives effect to any potential issuance of common stock that would have caused basic EPS to be lower as if the issuance had already occurred. Accordingly, diluted EPS reflects an increase in the weighted average shares outstanding as a result of the assumed exercise of stock options and the vesting of restricted stock. The computation of diluted EPS does not assume exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock that would have an anti-dilutive effect on EPS.

Stock-based compensation

ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” requires companies to recognize in the statement of operations the grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees and directors. Stock-based compensation expense, inclusive of restricted stock expense, recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended June 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $1.1 million, $1.5 million and $526,000, respectively.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP")

The Corporation recognizes compensation expense when the Bank contributes funds to the ESOP for the purchase of the Corporation’s common stock to be allocated to the ESOP participants. Since the contributions are discretionary, the benefits payable under the ESOP cannot be estimated.

Restricted stock

The Corporation recognizes compensation expense over the vesting period of the shares awarded, equal to the fair value of the shares at the award date.

Post retirement benefits

The estimated obligation for post retirement health care and life insurance benefits is determined based on an actuarial computation of the cost of current and future benefits for the eligible (grandfathered) retirees and employees. The post retirement benefit liability is included in accounts payable, accrued interest and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Effective July 1, 2003, the Corporation discontinued the post retirement health care and life insurance benefits to any employee not previously qualified (grandfathered) for these benefits. At June 30, 2016 and 2015, the accrued liability for post retirement benefits was $216,000 and $234,000, respectively, which was fully funded consistent with actuarially determined estimates of the future obligation.

Comprehensive income

ASC 220, “Comprehensive Income,” requires that realized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income (loss). Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities and interest-only strips are reported as a separate component of the stockholders’ equity section of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and the change in the unrealized gains (losses) are reported on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity.

Accounting standard updates (“ASU”)

ASU 2015-05:

In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2015-05, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40).” The amendments in this ASU provide guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance will not change GAAP for a customer’s accounting for service contracts. In addition, the guidance in this ASU supersedes paragraph 350-40-25-16. Consequently, all software licenses within the scope of Subtopic 350-40 will be accounted for consistent with other licenses of intangible assets. This amendment will be effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2015 and early adoption is permitted. The Corporation's adoption of this ASU is not expected have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2015-10:

In June 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-10, "Technical Corrections and Improvements." The amendments in this ASU cover a wide range of topics in the Codification. The reason is provided before each amendment for clarity and ease of understanding. The amendments in this ASU generally related to: (1) differences between original guidance and the codification, (2) guidance clarification and reference corrections, (3) simplification and (4) minor improvements. These amendments improve the guidance and are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or create a significant administrative cost to most entities. Transition guidance varies based on the amendments in this ASU. The amendments in this ASU that require transition guidance will be effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015 and early adoption is permitted. The Corporation's adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. All other amendments were effective upon the issuance of this ASU.

ASU 2015-12:

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-12, "Plan Accounting: Defined Benefit Pension Plans (Topic 960), Defined Contribution Pension Plans (Topic 962), Health and Welfare Benefit Plans (Topic 965): (Part I) Fully Benefit-Responsive Investment Contracts, (Part II) Plan Investment Disclosures, (Part III) Measurement Date Practical Expedient (consensuses of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)." The amendments of this ASU (i) require fully benefit-responsive investment contracts to be measured, presented and disclosed only at contract value, not fair value; (ii) simplify the investment disclosure requirements; and (iii) provide a measurement date practical expedient for employee benefit plans. This ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, with earlier adoption permitted. The Corporation's adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-01:

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities," which requires an entity to: (i) measure equity investments at fair value through net income, with certain exceptions; (ii) present in Other Comprehensive Income the changes in instrument-specific credit risk for financial liabilities measured using the fair value option; (iii) present financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset; (iv) calculate the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes based on an exit price and; (v) assess a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to unrealized losses of AFS debt securities in combination with other deferred tax assets. This ASU provides an election to subsequently measure certain non-marketable equity investments at cost less any impairment and adjusted for certain observable price changes. This ASU also requires a qualitative impairment assessment of such equity investments and amends certain fair value disclosure requirements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Corporation's adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-02:

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." This ASU introduces a lessee model that brings most leases on the balance sheet and aligns many of the underlying principles of the new lessor model with those in the new revenue recognition standard, ASC 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers. The new leases standard represents a wholesale change to lease accounting and will most likely result in significant implementation challenges during the transition period and beyond.

This ASU will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 (i.e., calendar periods beginning on January 1, 2019), and interim periods therein, early adoption is permitted. The Corporation has not evaluated the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-09:

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, "Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." This ASU simplifies the accounting for stock compensation. It focuses on income tax accounting, award classification, estimating forfeitures, and cash flow presentation. This ASU will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods, early adoption is permitted. The Corporation has not evaluated the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-13:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments." This ASU requires organizations to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Corporation has not evaluated the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.