10-Q 1 prov10q123118.htm FORM 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

[X] | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

| For the quarterly period ended | December 31, 2018

[ ] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

| For the transition period from ________________ to _________________

Commission File Number 000-28304

PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 33-0704889
(State or other jurisdiction of |  | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) |  | Identification No.)

3756 Central Avenue, Riverside, California 92506
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(951) 686-6060
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
_________________________________________________________
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No .
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes X No .
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer [ ] Accelerated filer [X] Non-accelerated filer [ ] Smaller reporting company [X] Emerging growth company [ ]
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes No X .

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Title of class: |  | As of February 4, 2019
Common stock, $ 0.01 par value, per share |  | 7,509,855 shares

PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.
Table of Contents

PART 1 - | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | Page
ITEM 1 - | Financial Statements. The Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. filed as a part of the report are as follows: |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition |
|  | as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018 | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations |
|  | for the Quarters and Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |
|  | for the Quarters and Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity |
|  | for the Quarters and Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
|  | for the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 | 6
| Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
ITEM 2 - | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations: |
| General | 51
| Safe-Harbor Statement | 52
| Critical Accounting Policies | 53
| Executive Summary and Operating Strategy | 53
| Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements and Contractual Obligations | 54
| Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018 | 55
| Comparison of Operating Results |
|  | for the Quarters and Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 | 57
| Asset Quality | 68
| Loan Volume Activities | 76
| Liquidity and Capital Resources | 77
| Supplemental Information | 80
ITEM 3 - | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 80
ITEM 4 - | Controls and Procedures | 84
PART II - | OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 1 - | Legal Proceedings | 85
ITEM 1A - | Risk Factors | 85
ITEM 2 - | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 86
ITEM 3 - | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 86
ITEM 4 - | Mine Safety Disclosures | 86
ITEM 5 - | Other Information | 86
ITEM 6 - | Exhibits | 86
SIGNATURES | 89

.
PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
(Unaudited)
In Thousands, Except Share Information

| December 31, 2018 |  |  | June 30, 2018 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 67,359 |  |  | $ | 43,301 |
Investment securities – held to maturity, at cost |  |  | 84,990 |  |  |  | 87,813 |
Investment securities – available for sale, at fair value |  |  | 6,563 |  |  |  | 7,496 |
Loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses of $7,061 and $7,385, respectively; includes $4,995 and $5,234 at fair value, respectively |  |  | 875,413 |  |  |  | 902,685 |
Loans held for sale, at fair value |  |  | 57,562 |  |  |  | 96,298 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 3,156 |  |  |  | 3,212 |
Real estate owned, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | 906 |
Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") – San Francisco stock |  |  | 8,199 |  |  |  | 8,199 |
Premises and equipment, net |  |  | 8,601 |  |  |  | 8,696 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | 15,327 |  |  |  | 16,943 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,127,170 |  |  | $ | 1,175,549 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non interest-bearing deposits |  | $ | 78,866 |  |  | $ | 86,174 |
Interest-bearing deposits |  |  | 794,018 |  |  |  | 821,424 |
Total deposits |  |  | 872,884 |  |  |  | 907,598 |
Borrowings |  |  | 111,135 |  |  |  | 126,163 |
Accounts payable, accrued interest and other liabilities |  |  | 20,474 |  |  |  | 21,331 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 1,004,493 |  |  |  | 1,055,092 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Notes 7 and 11) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $.01 par value (2,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, $.01 par value (40,000,000 shares authorized; 18,053,115 and 18,033,115 shares issued; 7,506,855 and 7,421,426 shares outstanding, respectively) |  |  | 181 |  |  |  | 181 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 95,913 |  |  |  | 94,957 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 192,306 |  |  |  | 190,616 |
Treasury stock at cost (10,546,260 and 10,611,689 shares, respectively) |  |  | (165,892 | ) |  |  | (165,507 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  | 169 |  |  |  | 210 |
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 122,677 |  |  |  | 120,457 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 1,127,170 |  |  | $ | 1,175,549 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
1

PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
In Thousands, Except Per Share Information

|  | Quarter Ended December 31, |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans receivable, net |  | $ | 10,331 |  |  | $ | 9,735 |  |  | $ | 20,505 |  |  | $ | 19,892 |
Investment securities |  |  | 444 |  |  |  | 319 |  |  |  | 789 |  |  |  | 576 |
FHLB – San Francisco stock |  |  | 278 |  |  |  | 143 |  |  |  | 421 |  |  |  | 284 |
Interest-earning deposits |  |  | 387 |  |  |  | 168 |  |  |  | 725 |  |  |  | 358 |
Total interest income |  |  | 11,440 |  |  |  | 10,365 |  |  |  | 22,440 |  |  |  | 21,110 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Checking and money market deposits |  |  | 117 |  |  |  | 112 |  |  |  | 225 |  |  |  | 215 |
Savings deposits |  |  | 147 |  |  |  | 149 |  |  |  | 298 |  |  |  | 298 |
Time deposits |  |  | 630 |  |  |  | 625 |  |  |  | 1,251 |  |  |  | 1,264 |
Borrowings |  |  | 715 |  |  |  | 728 |  |  |  | 1,478 |  |  |  | 1,464 |
Total interest expense |  |  | 1,609 |  |  |  | 1,614 |  |  |  | 3,252 |  |  |  | 3,241 |
Net interest income |  |  | 9,831 |  |  |  | 8,751 |  |  |  | 19,188 |  |  |  | 17,869 |
(Recovery) provision for loan losses |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | (454 | ) |  |  | 158 |
Net interest income, after (recovery) provision for loan losses |  |  | 10,048 |  |  |  | 8,762 |  |  |  | 19,642 |  |  |  | 17,711 |
Non-interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan servicing and other fees |  |  | 277 |  |  |  | 317 |  |  |  | 601 |  |  |  | 680 |
Gain on sale of loans, net |  |  | 2,263 |  |  |  | 4,317 |  |  |  | 5,395 |  |  |  | 9,164 |
Deposit account fees |  |  | 509 |  |  |  | 536 |  |  |  | 1,014 |  |  |  | 1,094 |
Loss on sale and operations of real estate owned acquired in the settlement of loans, net |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | (62 | )
Card and processing fees |  |  | 392 |  |  |  | 373 |  |  |  | 790 |  |  |  | 754 |
Other |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 463 |
Total non-interest income |  |  | 3,595 |  |  |  | 5,741 |  |  |  | 8,144 |  |  |  | 12,093 |
Non-interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  |  | 7,211 |  |  |  | 8,633 |  |  |  | 15,461 |  |  |  | 17,902 |
Premises and occupancy |  |  | 1,274 |  |  |  | 1,260 |  |  |  | 2,619 |  |  |  | 2,574 |
Equipment |  |  | 495 |  |  |  | 375 |  |  |  | 916 |  |  |  | 737 |
Professional expenses |  |  | 411 |  |  |  | 521 |  |  |  | 858 |  |  |  | 1,041 |
Sales and marketing expenses |  |  | 253 |  |  |  | 301 |  |  |  | 422 |  |  |  | 504 |
Deposit insurance premiums and regulatory assessments |  |  | 172 |  |  |  | 218 |  |  |  | 337 |  |  |  | 402 |
Other (1) |  |  | 1,059 |  |  |  | 1,905 |  |  |  | 1,966 |  |  |  | 5,787 |
Total non-interest expense |  |  | 10,875 |  |  |  | 13,213 |  |  |  | 22,579 |  |  |  | 28,947 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 2,768 |  |  |  | 1,290 |  |  |  | 5,207 |  |  |  | 857 |
Provision for income taxes (2) |  |  | 810 |  |  |  | 2,067 |  |  |  | 1,426 |  |  |  | 1,859 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 1,958 |  |  | $ | (777 | ) |  | $ | 3,781 |  |  | $ | (1,002 | )
Basic earnings (loss) per share |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | (0.10 | ) |  | $ | 0.51 |  |  | $ | (0.13 | )
Diluted earnings (loss) per share |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | (0.10 | ) |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | (0.13 | )
Cash dividends per share |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.28 |

.
(1) Includes $650,000 and $3.4 million of litigation settlement expense for the quarter and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively.
(2) Includes a net tax charge of $1.8 million resulting from the revaluation of net deferred tax assets consistent with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act for both the quarter and six months ended December 31, 2017.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
In Thousands

|  | For the Quarters Ended December 31, |  |  | For the Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 1,958 |  |  | $ | (777 | ) |  | $ | 3,781 |  |  | $ | (1,002 | )
Change in unrealized holding loss on securities available for sale |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | (80 | ) |  |  | (58 | ) |  |  | (78 | )
Reclassification adjustment for net loss on securities available for sale included in net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 45 |
Other comprehensive loss, before income taxes |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | (35 | ) |  |  | (58 | ) |  |  | (33 | )
Income tax benefit |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | (14 | )
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (41 | ) |  |  | (19 | )
Total comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 1,938 |  |  | $ | (797 | ) |  | $ | 3,740 |  |  | $ | (1,021 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
(Unaudited)
In Thousands, Except Share Information
For the Quarters Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Paid-In Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Income (Loss), Net of Tax |  |  | Total |
Balance at September 30, 2018 | 7,500,860 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 95,795 |  |  | $ | 191,399 |  |  | $ | (165,884 | ) |  | $ | 189 |  |  | $ | 121,680 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,958 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,958 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (20 | )
Purchase of treasury stock (1) | (505 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8 | )
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 73 |
Distribution of restricted stock | 1,500 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Amortization of restricted stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33 |
Stock options expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |
Cash dividends (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,051 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,051 | )
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 7,506,855 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 95,913 |  |  | $ | 192,306 |  |  | $ | (165,892 | ) |  | $ | 169 |  |  | $ | 122,677 |

(1) | Includes the repurchase of 505 shares of distributed restricted stock in settlement of employee withholding tax obligations.

(2) | Cash dividends of $0.14 per share were paid in the quarter ended December 31, 2018.

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Paid-In Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Income (Loss), Net of Tax |  |  | Total |
Balance at September 30, 2017 | 7,609,552 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 93,669 |  |  | $ | 191,451 |  |  | $ | (160,609 | ) |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 124,921 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (777 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (777 | )
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (20 | )
Purchase of treasury stock |  | (140,526 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,702 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,702 | )
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 5,750 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84 |
Amortization of restricted stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 142 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 142 |
Stock options expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 116 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 116 |
Cash dividends (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,064 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,064 | )
Balance at December 31, 2017 | 7,474,776 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 94,011 |  |  | $ | 189,610 |  |  | $ | (163,311 | ) |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | 120,700 |

(1) | Cash dividends of $0.14 per share were paid in the quarter ended December 31, 2017.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Paid-In Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Income (Loss), Net of Tax |  |  | Total |
Balance at June 30, 2018 |  |  | 7,421,426 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 94,957 |  |  | $ | 190,616 |  |  | $ | (165,507 | ) |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | 120,457 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,781 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,781 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (41 | ) |  |  | (41 | )
Purchase of treasury stock (1) | (21,071 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (385 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (385 | )
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 20,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 226 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 226 |
Distribution of restricted stock | 86,500 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Amortization of restricted stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 397 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 397 |
Stock options expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 333 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 333 |
Cash dividends (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,091 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,091 | )
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 7,506,855 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 95,913 |  |  | $ | 192,306 |  |  | $ | (165,892 | ) |  | $ | 169 |  |  | $ | 122,677 |

(1) Includes the repurchase of 21,071 shares of distributed restricted stock in settlement of employee withholding tax obligations.
(2) Cash dividends of $0.28 per share were paid in the six months ended December 31, 2018.

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Paid-In Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Income (Loss), Net of Tax |  |  | Total |
Balance at June 30, 2017 |  |  | 7,714,052 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 93,209 |  |  | $ | 192,754 |  |  | $ | (158,142 | ) |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 128,230 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,002 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,002 | )
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | (19 | )
Purchase of treasury stock | (266,526 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,152 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,152 | )
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 27,250 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 261 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 261 |
Amortization of restricted stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 291 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 291 |
Forfeitures of restricted stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Stock options expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 233 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 233 |
Cash dividends (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,142 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,142 | )
Balance at December 31, 2017 | 7,474,776 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 94,011 |  |  | $ | 189,610 |  |  | $ | (163,311 | ) |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | 120,700 |

(1) Cash dividends of $0.28 per share were paid in the six months ended December 31, 2017.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited - In Thousands)

|  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,781 |  |  | $ | (1,002 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 1,664 |  |  |  | 1,582 |
(Recovery) provision for loan losses |  |  | (454 | ) |  |  | 158 |
Recovery of losses on real estate owned |  |  | — |  |  |  | (552 | )
Gain on sale of loans, net |  |  | (5,395 | ) |  |  | (9,164 | )
(Gain) loss on sale of real estate owned, net |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | 580 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 730 |  |  |  | 524 |
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes |  |  | 733 |  |  |  | (79 | )
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable, accrued interest and other liabilities |  |  | (482 | ) |  |  | 3,278 |
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | 546 |  |  |  | (306 | )
Loans originated for sale |  |  | (342,738 | ) |  |  | (724,156 | )
Proceeds from sale of loans |  |  | 386,778 |  |  |  | 753,571 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 45,154 |  |  |  | 24,434 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in loans held for investment, net |  |  | 27,554 |  |  |  | 17,548 |
Maturity of investment securities held to maturity |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | — |
Principal payments from investment securities held to maturity |  |  | 15,782 |  |  |  | 10,837 |
Principal payments from investment securities available for sale |  |  | 875 |  |  |  | 885 |
Purchase of investment securities held to maturity |  |  | (13,669 | ) |  |  | (38,511 | )
Proceeds from sale of real estate owned |  |  | 915 |  |  |  | 1,587 |
Purchase of premises and equipment |  |  | (348 | ) |  |  | (1,589 | )
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities |  |  | 31,309 |  |  |  | (9,243 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in deposits, net |  |  | (34,714 | ) |  |  | (18,733 | )
Repayments of short-term borrowings, net |  |  | (15,000 | ) |  |  | (15,000 | )
Repayments of long-term borrowings |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | (37 | )
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 226 |  |  |  | 261 |
Withholding taxes on stock based compensation |  |  | (413 | ) |  |  | (41 | )
Cash dividends |  |  | (2,091 | ) |  |  | (2,142 | )
Treasury stock purchases |  |  | (385 | ) |  |  | (5,152 | )
Net cash used for financing activities |  |  | (52,405 | ) |  |  | (40,844 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 24,058 |  |  |  | (25,653 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 43,301 |  |  |  | 72,826 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 67,359 |  |  | $ | 47,173 |
Supplemental information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 3,263 |  |  | $ | 3,252 |
Cash paid for income taxes |  | $ | 1,525 |  |  | $ | 2,350 |
Transfer of loans held for sale to held for investment |  | $ | 724 |  |  | $ | 521 |
Real estate acquired in the settlement of loans |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 700 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2018
Note 1: Basis of Presentation
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present a fair statement of the results of operations for the interim periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. The condensed consolidated statement of financial condition at June 30, 2018 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B. (the "Bank") (collectively, the "Corporation"). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") with respect to interim financial reporting. It is recommended that these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018. The results of operations for the quarter and six months ended December 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending June 30, 2019.
Note 2: Accounting Standard Updates ("ASU")
There have been no accounting standard updates or changes in the status of their adoption that are significant to the Corporation as previously disclosed in Note 1 of the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018, other than:
ASU 2014-09:
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," which created FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606 ("ASC 606"). ASC 606 implements a common revenue standard that clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue. The core principle of ASC 606 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. ASC 606 was effective for annual periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Corporation adopted ASC 606 on July 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. Therefore, the comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under superseded ASC 605. There was no cumulative effect adjustment as of July 1, 2018, and there were no material changes to the timing or amount of revenue recognized for the six months ended December 31, 2018; however, additional disclosures were incorporated in the footnotes upon adoption. The majority of the Company's revenue is comprised of interest income from financial assets, which is explicitly excluded from the scope of ASC 606. The Corporation elected to apply the practical expedient pursuant to ASC 606 and therefore does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have an original expected term of one year or less and allows the Corporation to expense costs related to obtaining a contract as incurred when the original amortization period would have been one year or less. See Note 12 for additional discussion.
7

ASU 2018-11
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." This ASU introduces a lessee model that brings most leases on the balance sheet and aligns many of the underlying principles of the new lessor model with those in the new revenue recognition standard, ASC 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers. The new leases standard represents a wholesale change to lease accounting and will most likely result in significant implementation challenges during the transition period and beyond. This ASU will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 (i.e., calendar periods beginning on January 1, 2019), and interim periods therein, early adoption is permitted. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases, Targeted Improvements, which allows entities the option of initially applying the new leases standard at the adoption date (such as January 1, 2019, for calendar year- end public business entities) and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Corporation plans to adopt ASU 2018-11 on July 1, 2019. Management is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Corporation's financial position and results of operations but does not believe that adoption of ASU 2018-11 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2018-13
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies disclosure requirements on fair value measurements to improve their effectiveness. The guidance permits entities to consider materiality when evaluating fair value measurement disclosures and, among other modifications, requires certain new disclosures related to Level 3 fair value measurements. The guidance will be effective beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The guidance only affects disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements and will not affect the Corporation's financial position or results of operations.
Note 3: Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share ("EPS") excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that would then share in the earnings of the entity.
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were outstanding options to purchase 509,000 shares and 585,500 shares of the Corporation's common stock, respectively. Of those shares, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were 45,000 shares and 585,500 shares, respectively, which were excluded from the diluted EPS computation as their effect was anti-dilutive. As of December 31, 2018, there were outstanding restricted stock awards of 12,000 shares which have a dilutive effect; and as of December 31, 2017, there were outstanding restricted stock awards of 109,000 shares with no dilutive effect.
8

The following table provides the basic and diluted EPS computations for the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(In Thousands, Except Earnings Per Share) |  | For the Quarters Ended December 31, |  |  | For the Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) – numerator for basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share - available to common stockholders |  | $ | 1,958 |  |  | $ | (777 | ) |  | $ | 3,781 |  |  | $ | (1,002 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares |  |  | 7,506 |  |  |  | 7,566 |  |  |  | 7,468 |  |  |  | 7,630 |
Effect of dilutive shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options |  |  | 89 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 90 |  |  |  | — |
Restricted stock |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | — |
Denominator for diluted earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted weighted-average shares and assumed conversions |  |  | 7,602 |  |  |  | 7,566 |  |  |  | 7,579 |  |  |  | 7,630 |
Basic (loss) earnings per share |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | (0.10 | ) |  | $ | 0.51 |  |  | $ | (0.13 | )
Diluted (loss) earnings per share |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | (0.10 | ) |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | (0.13 | )

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Note 4: Operating Segment Reports
The Corporation operates in two business segments: community banking through the Bank and mortgage banking through Provident Bank Mortgage ("PBM"), a division of the Bank.
The following tables set forth condensed consolidated statements of operations and total assets for the Corporation's operating segments for the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

|  | For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2018 |
(In Thousands) |  | Provident Bank |  |  | Provident Bank Mortgage |  |  | Consolidated Totals |
Net interest income |  | $ | 9,525 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | 9,831 |
Recovery from the allowance for loan losses |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (217 | )
Net interest income, after recovery from the allowance for loan losses |  |  | 9,742 |  |  |  | 306 |  |  |  | 10,048 |
Non-interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan servicing and other fees (1) |  |  | (149 | ) |  |  | 426 |  |  |  | 277 |
Gain on sale of loans, net (2) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,263 |  |  |  | 2,263 |
Deposit account fees |  |  | 509 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 509 |
Loss on sale and operations of real estate owned acquired in the settlement of loans, net |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7 | )
Card and processing fees |  |  | 392 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 392 |
Other |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161 |
Total non-interest income |  |  | 906 |  |  |  | 2,689 |  |  |  | 3,595 |
Non-interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  |  | 4,300 |  |  |  | 2,911 |  |  |  | 7,211 |
Premises and occupancy |  |  | 897 |  |  |  | 377 |  |  |  | 1,274 |
Operating and administrative expenses |  |  | 1,067 |  |  |  | 1,323 |  |  |  | 2,390 |
Total non-interest expense |  |  | 6,264 |  |  |  | 4,611 |  |  |  | 10,875 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | 4,384 |  |  |  | (1,616 | ) |  |  | 2,768 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |  |  | 1,287 |  |  |  | (477 | ) |  |  | 810 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,097 |  |  | $ | (1,139 | ) |  | $ | 1,958 |
Total assets, end of period |  | $ | 1,069,379 |  |  | $ | 57,791 |  |  | $ | 1,127,170 |

(1) | Includes an inter-company charge of $258 credited to PBM by the Bank during the period to compensate PBM for originating loans held for investment.

(2) | Includes an inter-company charge of $14 credited to PBM by the Bank during the period to compensate PBM for servicing fees on loans sold on a servicing retained basis.

10

|  | For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2017 |
(In Thousands) |  | Provident Bank |  |  | Provident Bank Mortgage |  |  | Consolidated Totals |
Net interest income |  | $ | 8,217 |  |  | $ | 534 |  |  | $ | 8,751 |
Recovery from the allowance for loan losses |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11 | )
Net interest income, after recovery from the allowance for loan losses |  |  | 8,228 |  |  |  | 534 |  |  |  | 8,762 |
Non-interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan servicing and other fees (1) |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 317 |
Gain on sale of loans, net (2) |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 4,295 |  |  |  | 4,317 |
Deposit account fees |  |  | 536 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 536 |
Loss on sale and operations of real estate owned acquired in the settlement of loans, net |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (22 | )
Card and processing fees |  |  | 373 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 373 |
Other |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 220 |
Total non-interest income |  |  | 1,237 |  |  |  | 4,504 |  |  |  | 5,741 |
Non-interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  |  | 4,449 |  |  |  | 4,184 |  |  |  | 8,633 |
Premises and occupancy |  |  | 822 |  |  |  | 438 |  |  |  | 1,260 |
Operating and administrative expenses (3) |  |  | 1,189 |  |  |  | 2,131 |  |  |  | 3,320 |
Total non-interest expense |  |  | 6,460 |  |  |  | 6,753 |  |  |  | 13,213 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | 3,005 |  |  |  | (1,715 | ) |  |  | 1,290 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes (4) |  |  | 2,532 |  |  |  | (465 | ) |  |  | 2,067 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 473 |  |  | $ | (1,250 | ) |  | $ | (777 | )
Total assets, end of period |  | $ | 1,065,204 |  |  | $ | 96,927 |  |  | $ | 1,162,131 |

(1) | Includes an inter-company charge of $99 credited to PBM by the Bank during the period to compensate PBM for originating loans held for investment.

(2) | Includes an inter-company charge of $79 credited to PBM by the Bank during the period to compensate PBM for servicing fees on loans sold on a servicing retained basis.

(3) | Includes $650,000 of litigation settlement expense for the second quarter of fiscal 2018, all of which was allocated to PBM.

(4) | Includes a net tax charge of $1.8 million resulting from the revaluation of net deferred tax assets consistent with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act for the quarter ended December 31, 2017.

11

|  | For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018
(In Thousands) |  | Provident Bank |  |  | Provident Bank Mortgage |  |  | Consolidated Totals |
Net interest income |  | $ | 18,525 |  |  | $ | 663 |  |  | $ | 19,188 |
(Recovery) provision for loan losses |  |  | (549 | ) |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | (454 | )
Net interest income, after (recovery) provision for loan losses |  |  | 19,074 |  |  |  | 568 |  |  |  | 19,642 |
Non-interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan servicing and other fees (1) |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | 617 |  |  |  | 601 |
Gain on sale of loans, net (2) |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 5,361 |  |  |  | 5,395 |
Deposit account fees |  |  | 1,014 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,014 |
Loss on sale and operations of real estate owned acquired in the settlement of loans, net |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6 | )
Card and processing fees |  |  | 790 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 790 |
Other |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 350 |
Total non-interest income |  |  | 2,166 |  |  |  | 5,978 |  |  |  | 8,144 |
Non-interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  |  | 9,136 |  |  |  | 6,325 |  |  |  | 15,461 |
Premises and occupancy |  |  | 1,805 |  |  |  | 814 |  |  |  | 2,619 |
Operating and administrative expenses |  |  | 1,993 |  |  |  | 2,506 |  |  |  | 4,499 |
Total non-interest expense |  |  | 12,934 |  |  |  | 9,645 |  |  |  | 22,579 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | 8,306 |  |  |  | (3,099 | ) |  |  | 5,207 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |  |  | 2,342 |  |  |  | (916 | ) |  |  | 1,426 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 5,964 |  |  | $ | (2,183 | ) |  | $ | 3,781 |
Total assets, end of period |  | $ | 1,069,379 |  |  | $ | 57,791 |  |  | $ | 1,127,170 |

(1) | Includes an inter-company charge of $426 credited to PBM by the Bank during the period to compensate PBM for originating loans held for investment.

(2) | Includes an inter-company charge of $20 credited to PBM by the Bank during the period to compensate PBM for servicing fees on loans sold on a servicing retained basis.

12

|  | For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2017
(In Thousands) |  | Provident Bank |  |  | Provident Bank Mortgage |  |  | Consolidated Totals |
Net interest income |  | $ | 16,767 |  |  | $ | 1,102 |  |  | $ | 17,869 |
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 158 |
Net interest income, after provision for loan losses |  |  | 16,609 |  |  |  | 1,102 |  |  |  | 17,711 |
Non-interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan servicing and other fees (1) |  |  | 155 |  |  |  | 525 |  |  |  | 680 |
Gain on sale of loans, net (2) |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 9,142 |  |  |  | 9,164 |
Deposit account fees |  |  | 1,094 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,094 |
Loss on sale and operations of real estate owned acquired in the settlement of loans, net |  |  | (62 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (62 | )
Card and processing fees |  |  | 754 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 754 |
Other |  |  | 463 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 463 |
Total non-interest income |  |  | 2,426 |  |  |  | 9,667 |  |  |  | 12,093 |
Non-interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  |  | 8,951 |  |  |  | 8,951 |  |  |  | 17,902 |
Premises and occupancy |  |  | 1,649 |  |  |  | 925 |  |  |  | 2,574 |
Operating and administrative expenses (3) |  |  | 3,440 |  |  |  | 5,031 |  |  |  | 8,471 |
Total non-interest expense |  |  | 14,040 |  |  |  | 14,907 |  |  |  | 28,947 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | 4,995 |  |  |  | (4,138 | ) |  |  | 857 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes (4) |  |  | 3,343 |  |  |  | (1,484 | ) |  |  | 1,859 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 1,652 |  |  | $ | (2,654 | ) |  | $ | (1,002 | )
Total assets, end of period |  | $ | 1,065,204 |  |  | $ | 96,927 |  |  | $ | 1,162,131 |

(1) | Includes an inter-company charge of $339 credited to PBM by the Bank during the period to compensate PBM for originating loans held for investment.

(2) | Includes an inter-company charge of $138 credited to PBM by the Bank during the period to compensate PBM for servicing fees on loans sold on a servicing retained basis.

(3) | Includes $3.4 million of litigation settlement expense for the first six months of fiscal 2018, of which $2.1 million was allocated to PBM.

(4) | Includes a net tax charge of $1.8 million resulting from the revaluation of net deferred tax assets consistent with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act for the six months ended December 31, 2017.

13

Note 5: Investment Securities
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018 were as follows:

December 31, 2018 |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized (Losses) |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Carrying Value |
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS (1) |  | $ | 81,451 |  |  | $ | 369 |  |  | $ | (285 | ) |  | $ | 81,535 |  |  | $ | 81,451 |
U.S. SBA securities (2) |  |  | 2,939 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (18 | ) |  |  | 2,921 |  |  |  | 2,939 |
Certificate of deposits |  |  | 600 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 600 |  |  |  | 600 |
Total investment securities - held to maturity |  | $ | 84,990 |  |  | $ | 369 |  |  | $ | (303 | ) |  | $ | 85,056 |  |  | $ | 84,990 |
Available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency MBS |  | $ | 3,824 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,942 |  |  | $ | 3,942 |
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS |  |  | 2,213 |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,311 |  |  |  | 2,311 |
Private issue CMO (3) |  |  | 307 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 310 |  |  |  | 310 |
Total investment securities - available for sale |  | $ | 6,344 |  |  | $ | 219 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,563 |  |  | $ | 6,563 |
Total investment securities |  | $ | 91,334 |  |  | $ | 588 |  |  | $ | (303 | ) |  | $ | 91,619 |  |  | $ | 91,553 |

(1) | Mortgage-Backed Securities ("MBS").

(2) | Small Business Administration ("SBA").

(3) | Collateralized Mortgage Obligations ("CMO").

June 30, 2018 |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized (Losses) |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Carrying Value |
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS |  | $ | 84,227 |  |  | $ | 203 |  |  | $ | (762 | ) |  | $ | 83,668 |  |  | $ | 84,227 |
U.S. SBA securities |  |  | 2,986 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | 2,971 |  |  |  | 2,986 |
Certificate of deposits |  |  | 600 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 600 |  |  |  | 600 |
Total investment securities - held to maturity |  | $ | 87,813 |  |  | $ | 203 |  |  | $ | (777 | ) |  | $ | 87,239 |  |  | $ | 87,813 |
Available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency MBS |  | $ | 4,234 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,384 |  |  | $ | 4,384 |
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS |  |  | 2,640 |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,762 |  |  |  | 2,762 |
Private issue CMO |  |  | 346 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 350 |
Total investment securities - available for sale |  | $ | 7,220 |  |  | $ | 276 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,496 |  |  | $ | 7,496 |
Total investment securities |  | $ | 95,033 |  |  | $ | 479 |  |  | $ | (777 | ) |  | $ | 94,735 |  |  | $ | 95,309 |

In the second quarters of fiscal 2019 and 2018, the Corporation received MBS principal payments of $8.3 million and $5.8 million, respectively, and there were no sales of investment securities during these periods. The Corporation purchased U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS totaling $13.5 million and $28.4 million, to be held to maturity, respectively. For the first six months of fiscal 2019 and 2018, the Corporation received MBS principal payments of $16.7 million and $11.7 million,
14

respectively, and there were no sales of investment securities during these periods. In the first six months of fiscal 2019 and 2018, the Corporation purchased U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS totaling $13.5 million and $38.5 million, to be held to maturity, respectively.
The Corporation held investments with an unrealized loss position of $303,000 at December 31, 2018 and $777,000 at June 30, 2018.

As of December 31, 2018 | Unrealized Holding Losses |  | Unrealized Holding Losses |  | Unrealized Holding Losses |
(In Thousands) | Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total |
| Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized |
Description of Securities | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses |
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 37,363 |  |  | $ | 285 |  |  | $ | 37,363 |  |  | $ | 285 |
U.S. SBA securities |  |  | 2,914 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,914 |  |  |  | 18 |
Total investment securities |  | $ | 2,914 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 37,363 |  |  | $ | 285 |  |  | $ | 40,277 |  |  | $ | 303 |

As of June 30, 2018 | Unrealized Holding Losses |  | Unrealized Holding Losses |  | Unrealized Holding Losses |
(In Thousands) | Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total |
| Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized |
Description of Securities | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses |
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS |  | $ | 47,045 |  |  | $ | 762 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 47,045 |  |  | $ | 762 |
U.S. SBA securities |  |  | 2,964 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,964 |  |  |  | 15 |
Total investment securities |  | $ | 50,009 |  |  | $ | 777 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,009 |  |  | $ | 777 |

The Corporation evaluates individual investment securities quarterly for other-than-temporary declines in market value. At December 31, 2018, $285,000 of the total $303,000 unrealized holding losses were 12 months or more; while at June 30, 2018, all of the unrealized holding loss was less than 12 months. The Corporation does not believe that there were any other-than-temporary impairments on the investment securities at December 31, 2018 and 2017; therefore, no impairment losses were recorded for the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.
15

Contractual maturities of investment securities as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018 were as follows:

|  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | June 30, 2018 |
(In Thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 600 |
Due after one through five years |  |  | 35,169 |  |  |  | 34,918 |  |  |  | 24,961 |  |  |  | 24,569 |
Due after five through ten years |  |  | 17,537 |  |  |  | 17,689 |  |  |  | 22,847 |  |  |  | 22,477 |
Due after ten years |  |  | 31,684 |  |  |  | 31,849 |  |  |  | 39,405 |  |  |  | 39,593 |
Total investment securities - held to maturity |  | $ | 84,990 |  |  | $ | 85,056 |  |  | $ | 87,813 |  |  | $ | 87,239 |
Available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Due after one through five years |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Due after five through ten years |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Due after ten years |  |  | 6,344 |  |  |  | 6,563 |  |  |  | 7,220 |  |  |  | 7,496 |
Total investment securities - available for sale |  | $ | 6,344 |  |  | $ | 6,563 |  |  | $ | 7,220 |  |  | $ | 7,496 |
Total investment securities |  | $ | 91,334 |  |  | $ | 91,619 |  |  | $ | 95,033 |  |  | $ | 94,735 |

Note 6: Loans Held for Investment
Loans held for investment, net of fair value adjustments, consisted of the following:

(In Thousands) | December 31, 2018 |  |  | June 30, 2018 |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  | $ | 312,499 |  |  | $ | 314,808 |
Multi-family |  |  | 447,033 |  |  |  | 476,008 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 112,830 |  |  |  | 109,726 |
Construction (1) |  |  | 3,986 |  |  |  | 3,174 |
Other |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | 167 |
Commercial business loans (2) |  |  | 455 |  |  |  | 500 |
Consumer loans (3) |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 109 |
Total loans held for investment, gross |  |  | 877,073 |  |  |  | 904,492 |
Advance payments of escrows |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | 18 |
Deferred loan costs, net |  |  | 5,306 |  |  |  | 5,560 |
Allowance for loan losses |  |  | (7,061 | ) |  |  | (7,385 | )
Total loans held for investment, net |  | $ | 875,413 |  |  | $ | 902,685 |

(1) | Net of $5.7 million and $4.3 million of undisbursed loan funds as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively

(2) | Net of $1.5 million and $495 of undisbursed lines of credit as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively.

(3) | Net of $487 and $503 of undisbursed lines of credit as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively.

16

The following table sets forth information at December 31, 2018 regarding the dollar amount of loans held for investment that are contractually repricing during the periods indicated, segregated between adjustable rate loans and fixed rate loans. Fixed-rate loans comprised 2% of loans held for investment at both December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018. Adjustable rate loans having no stated repricing dates that reprice when the index they are tied to reprices (e.g. prime rate index) and checking account overdrafts are reported as repricing within one year. The table does not include any estimate of prepayments which may cause the Corporation's actual repricing experience to differ materially from that shown.

|  | Adjustable Rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In Thousands) |  | Within One Year |  |  | After One Year Through 3 Years |  |  | After 3 Years Through 5 Years |  |  | After 5 Years Through 10 Years |  |  | Fixed Rate |  |  | Total |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  | $ | 105,981 |  |  | $ | 31,216 |  |  | $ | 100,552 |  |  | $ | 63,034 |  |  | $ | 11,716 |  |  | $ | 312,499 |
Multi-family |  |  | 129,858 |  |  |  | 162,154 |  |  |  | 142,177 |  |  |  | 12,642 |  |  |  | 202 |  |  |  | 447,033 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 41,376 |  |  |  | 35,953 |  |  |  | 35,008 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 493 |  |  |  | 112,830 |
Construction |  |  | 2,600 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,386 |  |  |  | 3,986 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | 167 |
Commercial business loans |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 398 |  |  |  | 455 |
Consumer loans |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 103 |
Total loans held for investment, gross |  | $ | 279,975 |  |  | $ | 229,323 |  |  | $ | 277,737 |  |  | $ | 75,676 |  |  | $ | 14,362 |  |  | $ | 877,073 |

The Corporation has developed an internal loan grading system to evaluate and quantify the Bank's loans held for investment portfolio with respect to quality and risk. Management continually evaluates the credit quality of the Corporation's loan portfolio and conducts a quarterly review of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses using quantitative and qualitative methods. The Corporation has adopted an internal risk rating policy in which each loan is rated for credit quality with a rating of pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss. The two primary components that are used during the loan review process to determine the proper allowance levels are individually evaluated allowances and collectively evaluated allowances. Quantitative loan loss factors are developed by determining the historical loss experience, expected future cash flows, discount rates and collateral fair values, among others. Qualitative loan loss factors are developed by assessing general economic indicators such as gross domestic product, retail sales, unemployment rates, employment growth, California home sales and median California home prices. The Corporation assigns individual factors for the quantitative and qualitative methods for each loan category and each internal risk rating.
The Corporation categorizes all of the loans held for investment into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of the borrower to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. A description of the general characteristics of the risk grades is as follows:

▪ | Pass - These loans range from minimal credit risk to average, but still acceptable, credit risk. The likelihood of loss is considered remote.

▪ | Special Mention - A special mention loan has potential weaknesses that may be temporary or, if left uncorrected, may result in a loss. While concerns exist, the bank is currently protected and loss is considered unlikely and not imminent.

▪ | Substandard - A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that may jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. A substandard loan is characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

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▪ | Doubtful - A doubtful loan has all of the weaknesses inherent in one classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of the currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

▪ | Loss - A loss loan is considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as an asset of the institution is not warranted.

The following tables summarize gross loans held for investment, net of fair value adjustments, by loan types and risk category at the dates indicated:

|  | December 31, 2018 |
(In Thousands) |  | Single- family |  |  | Multi- family |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Construction |  |  | Other Mortgage |  |  | Commercial Business |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
Pass |  | $ | 303,973 |  |  | $ | 443,127 |  |  | $ | 122,830 |  |  | $ | 3,241 |  |  | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 399 |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 863,80 |
Special Mention |  |  | 1,400 |  |  |  | 3,906 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,306 |
Substandard |  |  | 7,126 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 745 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,927 |
Total loans held for investment, gross |  | $ | 312,499 |  |  | $ | 447,033 |  |  | $ | 112,830 |  |  | $ | 3,986 |  |  | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 455 |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 877,073 |

| June 30, 2018 |
(In Thousands) |  | Single- family |  |  | Multi- family |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Construction |  |  | Other Mortgage |  |  | Commercial Business |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
Pass |  | $ | 304,619 |  |  | $ | 472,061 |  |  | $ | 108,786 |  |  | $ | 3,174 |  |  | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 430 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 889,346 |
Special Mention |  |  | 2,548 |  |  |  | 3,947 |  |  |  | 940 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,435 |
Substandard |  |  | 7,641 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,711 |
Total loans held for investment, gross |  | $ | 314,808 |  |  | $ | 476 008 |  |  | $ | 109,726 |  |  | $ | 3,174 |  |  | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 904,492 |

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for estimated losses based on evaluating known and inherent risks in the loans held for investment and upon management's continuing analysis of the factors underlying the quality of the loans held for investment. These factors include changes in the size and composition of the loans held for investment, actual loan loss experience, current economic conditions, detailed analysis of individual loans for which full collectability may not be assured, and determination of the realizable value of the collateral securing the loans. The provision (recovery) for (from) the allowance for loan losses is charged (credited) against operations on a quarterly basis, as necessary, to maintain the allowance at appropriate levels. Although management believes it uses the best information available to make such determinations, there can be no assurance that regulators, in reviewing the Corporation's loans held for investment, will not request a significant increase in its allowance for loan losses. Future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected as a result of economic, operating, regulatory, and other conditions beyond the Corporation's control.
Non-performing loans are charged-off to their fair market values in the period the loans, or portion thereof, are deemed uncollectible, generally after the loan becomes 150 days delinquent for real estate secured first trust deed loans and 120 days delinquent for commercial business or real estate secured second trust deed loans. For loans that were modified from their original terms, were re-underwritten and identified in the Corporation's asset quality reports as troubled debt restructurings ("restructured loans"), the charge-off occurs when the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; and where borrowers file bankruptcy, the charge-off occurs when the loan becomes 60 days delinquent. The amount of the charge-off is determined by comparing the loan balance to the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, less disposition costs, with the loan balance in excess of the estimated fair value charged-off against the allowance for loan losses. The allowance for loan losses for non-performing loans
18

is determined by applying Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 310, "Receivables." For restructured loans that are less than 90 days delinquent, the allowance for loan losses are segregated into (a) individually evaluated allowances for those loans with applicable discounted cash flow calculations still in their restructuring period, classified lower than pass, and containing an embedded loss component or (b) collectively evaluated allowances based on the aggregated pooling method. For non-performing loans less than 60 days delinquent where the borrower has filed bankruptcy, the collectively evaluated allowances are assigned based on the aggregated pooling method. For non-performing commercial real estate loans, an individually evaluated allowance is derived based on the loan's discounted cash flow fair value (for restructured loans) or collateral fair value less estimated selling costs and if the fair value is higher than the loan balance, no allowance is required.
The following table summarizes the Corporation's allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018:

(In Thousands) | December 31, 2018 | June 30, 2018 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment: |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  | $ | 2,520 |  |  | $ | 2,632 |
Multi-family |  |  | 3,280 |  |  |  | 3,492 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 1,019 |  |  |  | 1,030 |
Construction |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 47 |
Other |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |
Commercial business loans |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 18 |
Consumer loans |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 6 |
Total collectively evaluated allowance |  |  | 6,893 |  |  |  | 7,228 |
Individually evaluated for impairment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  |  | 159 |  |  |  | 151 |
Commercial business loans |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 6 |
Total individually evaluated allowance |  |  | 168 |  |  |  | 157 |
Total loan loss allowance |  | $ | 7,061 |  |  | $ | 7,385 |

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The following table is provided to disclose additional details on the Corporation's allowance for loan losses:

|  | For the Quarters Ended December 31, |  |  | For the Six Months Ended December 31, |
(Dollars in Thousands) |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Allowance at beginning of period |  | $ | 7,155 |  |  | $ | 8,063 |  |  | $ | 7,385 |  |  | $ | 8,039 |
(Recovery) provision for loan losses |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | (454 | ) |  |  | 158 |
Recoveries: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 155 |  |  |  | 132 |
Consumer loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |
Total recoveries |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 156 |  |  |  | 132 |
Charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  |  | — |  |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (254 | )
Consumer loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |
Total charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | (254 | )
Net recoveries (charge-offs) |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | (122 | )
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 7,061 |  |  | $ | 8,075 |  |  | $ | 7,061 |  |  | $ | 8,075 |
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of gross loans held for investment at the end of the period |  |  | 0.80 | % |  |  | 0.90 | % |  |  | 0.80 | % |  |  | 0.90 | %
Net (recoveries) charge-offs as a percentage of average loans receivable, net, during the period (annualized) |  |  | (0.05 | )% |  |  | (0.01 | )% |  |  | (0.03 | )% |  |  | 0.02 | %

The following tables denote the past due status of the Corporation's gross loans held for investment, net of fair value adjustments, at the dates indicated.

|  | December 31, 2018 |
(In Thousands) |  | Current |  |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | Non-Accrual (1) | Total Loans Held for Investment, Gross
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  | $ | 306,873 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,626 |  |  | $ | 312,499 |
Multi-family |  |  | 447,033 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 447,033 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 112,830 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 112,830 |
Construction |  |  | 3,241 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 745 |  |  |  | 3,986 |
Other |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 167 |
Commercial business loans |  |  | 399 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 455 |
Consumer loans |  |  | 101 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 103 |
Total loans held for investment, gross |  | $ | 870,644 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 6,427 |  |  | $ | 877,073 |

(1) All loans 90 days or greater past due are placed on non-accrual status.
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|  | June 30, 2018 |
(In Thousands) |  | Current |  |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | Non-Accrual (1) | Total Loans Held for Investment, Gross
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  | $ | 307,863 |  |  | $ | 804 |  |  | $ | 6,141 |  |  | $ | 314,808 |
Multi-family |  |  | 476,008 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 476,008 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 109,726 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 109,726 |
Construction |  |  | 3,174 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,174 |
Other |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 167 |
Commercial business loans |  |  | 430 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | 500 |
Consumer loans |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 109 |
Total loans held for investment, gross |  | $ | 897,476 |  |  | $ | 805 |  |  | $ | 6,211 |  |  | $ | 904,492 |

(1) All loans 90 days or greater past due are placed on non-accrual status.
The following tables summarize the Corporation's allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in gross loans, by portfolio type, at the dates and for the periods indicated.

|  | Quarter Ended December 31, 2018 |
(In Thousands) |  | Single- family |  |  | Multi- family |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Construction |  |  | Other |  |  | Commercial Business |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance at beginning of period |  | $ | 2,741 |  |  | $ | 3,336 |  |  | $ | 1,012 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 7,155 |
(Recovery) provision for loan losses |  | (185 | ) |  |  | (56 | ) |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (217 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 123 |
Charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Allowance for loan losses, end of period |  | $ | 2,679 |  |  | $ | 3,280 |  |  | $ | 1,019 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 7,061 |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 168 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 2,520 |  |  |  | 3,280 |  |  |  | 1,019 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 6,893 |
Allowance for loan losses, end of period |  | $ | 2,679 |  |  | $ | 3,280 |  |  | $ | 1,019 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 7,061 |
Loans held for investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 5,817 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 745 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,618 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 306,682 |  |  |  | 447,033 |  |  |  | 112,830 |  |  |  | 3,241 |  |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | 399 |  |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 870,455 |
Total loans held for investment, gross | $ | 312,499 |  |  | $ | 447,033 |  |  | $ | 112,830 |  |  | $ | 3,986 |  |  | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 455 |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 877,073 |
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of gross loans held for investment |  | 0.86 | % |  |  | 0.73 | % |  |  | 0.90 | % |  |  | 1.20 | % |  |  | 1.80 | % |  |  | 5.71 | % |  |  | 5.83 | % |  |  | 0.80 | %

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|  | Quarter Ended December 31, 2017 |
(In Thousands) |  | Single- family |  |  | Multi- family |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Construction |  |  | Commercial Business |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance at beginning of period | $ | 3,579 |  |  | $ | 3,431 |  |  | $ | 875 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 8,063 |
(Recovery) provision for loan losses |  | (299 | ) |  |  | (136 | ) |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 364 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (11 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48 |
Charge-offs |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (25 | )
Allowance for loan losses, end of period | $ | 3,303 |  |  | $ | 3,295 |  |  | $ | 933 |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 8,075 |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 3,303 |  |  |  | 3,295 |  |  |  | 933 |  |  |  | 504 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 8,060 |
Allowance for loan losses, end of period | $ | 3,303 |  |  | $ | 3,295 |  |  | $ | 933 |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 8,075 |
Loans held for investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 7,038 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,114 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 306,799 |  |  |  | 463,786 |  |  |  | 103,366 |  |  |  | 7,072 |  |  |  | 402 |  |  |  | 144 |  |  |  | 881,569 |
Total loans held for investment, gross | $ | 313,837 |  |  | $ | 463,786 |  |  | $ | 103,366 |  |  | $ | 7,072 |  |  | $ | 478 |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 888,683 |
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of gross loans held for investment | 1.05 | % |  |  | 0.71 | % |  |  | 0.90 | % |  |  | 7.13 | % |  |  | 6.69 | % |  |  | 5.56 | % |  |  | 0.90 | %

22

|  | Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 |
(In Thousands) |  | Single- family |  |  | Multi- family |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Construction |  |  | Other |  |  | Commercial Business |  |  | Consumer |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance at beginning of period |  | $ | 2,783 |  |  | $ | 3,492 |  |  | $ | 1,030 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | $ 3 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 7,385 |
(Recovery) provision for loan losses |  |  | (234 | ) |  |  | (212 | ) |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (454 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 155 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 156 |
Charge-offs |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (26 | )
Allowance for loan losses, end of period |  | $ | 2,679 |  |  | $ | 3,280 |  |  | $ | 1,019 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | $ 3 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 7,061 |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | $ — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 168 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 2,520 |  |  |  | 3,280 |  |  |  | 1,019 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 6,893 |
Allowance for loan losses, end of period |  | $ | 2,679 |  |  | $ | 3,280 |  |  | $ | 1,019 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | $ 3 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 7,061 |
Loans held for investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 5,817 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 745 |  |  | $ | $ — |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,618 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 306,682 |  |  |  | 447,033 |  |  |  | 112,830 |  |  |  | 3,241 |  |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | 399 |  |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 870,455 |
Total loans held for investment, gross | $ | 312,499 |  |  | $ | 447,033 |  |  | $ | 112,830 |  |  | $ | 3,986 |  |  | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 455 |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 877,073 |
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of gross loans held for investment | 0.86 | % |  |  | 0.73 | % |  |  | 0.90 | % |  |  | 1.20 | % |  |  | 1.80 | % |  |  | 5.71 | % |  |  | 5.83 | % |  |  | 0.80 | %

23

|  | Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 |
(In Thousands) |  | Single- family |  |  | Multi- family |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Construction |  |  | Commercial Business |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance at beginning of period | $ | 3,601 |  |  | $ | 3,420 |  |  | $ | 879 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 8,039 |
(Recovery) provision for loan losses |  | (176 | ) |  |  | (125 | ) |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 408 |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 158 |
Recoveries |  |  | 132 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 132 |
Charge-offs |  |  | (254 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (254 | )
Allowance for loan losses, end of period | $ | 3,303 |  |  | $ | 3,295 |  |  | $ | 933 |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 8,075 |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 3,303 |  |  |  | 3,295 |  |  |  | 933 |  |  |  | 504 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 8,060 |
Allowance for loan losses, end of period | $ | 3,303 |  |  | $ | 3,295 |  |  | $ | 933 |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 8,075 |
Loans held for investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 7,038 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,114 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 306,799 |  |  |  | 463,786 |  |  |  | 103,366 |  |  |  | 7,072 |  |  |  | 402 |  |  |  | 144 |  |  |  | 881,569 |
Total loans held for investment, gross | $ | 313,837 |  |  | $ | 463,786 |  |  | $ | 103,366 |  |  | $ | 7,072 |  |  | $ | 478 |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 888,683 |
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of gross loans held for investment | 1.05 | % |  |  | 0.71 | % |  |  | 0.90 | % |  |  | 7.13 | % |  |  | 6.69 | % |  |  | 5.56 | % |  |  | 0.90 | %

24

The following tables identify the Corporation's total recorded investment in non-performing loans by type at the dates and for the periods indicated. Generally, a loan is placed on non-accrual status when it becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest or if the loan is deemed impaired, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, where the borrower's financial condition is such that collection of the contractual principal or interest on the loan is doubtful. In addition, interest income is not recognized on any loan where management has determined that collection is not reasonably assured. A non-performing loan may be restored to accrual status when delinquent principal and interest payments are brought current, the borrower(s) has demonstrated sustained payment performance and future monthly principal and interest payments are expected to be collected on a timely basis. Loans with a related allowance reserve have been individually evaluated for impairment using either a discounted cash flow analysis or, for collateral dependent loans, current appraisals less costs to sell, to establish realizable value. This analysis may identify a specific impairment amount needed or may conclude that no reserve is needed. Loans that are not individually evaluated for impairment are included in pools of homogeneous loans for evaluation of related allowance reserves.

|  | At December 31, 2018 |
|  | Unpaid |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net |
|  | Principal |  |  | Related |  |  | Recorded |  |  |  |  |  | Recorded |
(In Thousands) |  | Balance |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Investment |  |  | Allowance (1) |  |  | Investment |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With a related allowance |  | $ | 2,856 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,856 |  |  | $ | (393 | ) |  | $ | 2,463 |
Without a related allowance (2) |  |  | 3,368 |  |  |  | (561 | ) |  |  | 2,807 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,807 |
Total single-family |  |  | 6,224 |  |  |  | (561 | ) |  |  | 5,663 |  |  |  | (393 | ) |  |  | 5,270 |
Construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Without a related allowance (3) |  |  | 745 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 745 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 745 |
Total construction |  |  | 745 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 745 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 745 |
Commercial business loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With a related allowance |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | 47 |
Total commercial business loans |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | 47 |
Total non-performing loans |  | $ | 7,025 |  |  | $ | (561 | ) |  | $ | 6,464 |  |  | $ | (402 | ) |  | $ | 6,062 |

(1) Consists of collectively and individually evaluated allowances, specifically assigned to the individual loan, and fair value credit adjustments.
(2) There was no related allowance for loan losses because the loans have been charged-off to their fair value or the fair value of the collateral is higher than the loan balance.
(3) There was no related allowance for loan losses because the loans, net of undisbursed loan funds, have been charged-off to their fair value or the fair value of the collateral is higher than the net loan balance.
25

|  | At June 30, 2018 |
|  | Unpaid |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net |
|  | Principal |  |  | Related |  |  | Recorded |  |  |  |  |  | Recorded |
(In Thousands) |  | Balance |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Investment |  |  | Allowance (1) |  |  | Investment |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With a related allowance |  | $ | 1,333 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,333 |  |  | $ | (185 | ) |  | $ | 1,148 |
Without a related allowance (2) |  |  | 5,569 |  |  |  | (724 | ) |  |  | 4,845 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,845 |
Total single-family |  |  | 6,902 |  |  |  | (724 | ) |  |  | 6,178 |  |  |  | (185 | ) |  |  | 5,993 |
Commercial business loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With a related allowance |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 64 |
Total commercial business loans |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 64 |
Total non-performing loans |  | $ | 6,972 |  |  | $ | (724 | ) |  | $ | 6,248 |  |  | $ | (191 | ) |  | $ | 6,057 |

(1) Consists of collectively and individually evaluated allowances, specifically assigned to the individual loan, and fair value credit adjustments.
(2) There was no related allowance for loan losses because the loans have been charged-off to their fair value or the fair value of the collateral is higher than the loan balance.
At both December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to those borrowers whose loans were classified as non-performing, except for one construction loan with undisbursed loan funds at December 31, 2018.
For the quarters ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Corporation's average recorded investment in non-performing loans was $6.6 million and $8.2 million, respectively. The Corporation records payments on non-performing loans utilizing the cash basis or cost recovery method of accounting during the periods when the loans are on non-performing status. For both quarters ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, interest income of $226,000 and $10,000, respectively, was recognized, based on cash receipts from loan payments on non-performing loans and $48,000 and $80,000, respectively, was collected and applied to reduce the loan balances under the cost recovery method.
For the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Corporation's average recorded investment in non-performing loans was $6.8 million and $8.4 million, respectively. For the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, interest income of $291,000 and $170,000, respectively, was recognized, based on cash receipts from loan payments on non-performing loans and $104,000 and $174,000, respectively, was collected and applied to reduce the loan balances under the cost recovery method.
26

The following table presents the average recorded investment in non-performing loans and the related interest income recognized for the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

|  | Quarter Ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
|  | Average |  |  | Interest |  |  | Average |  |  | Interest |
|  | Recorded |  |  | Income |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Income |
(In Thousands) |  | Investment |  |  | Recognized |  |  | Investment |  |  | Recognized |
Without related allowances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  | $ | 3,326 |  |  | $ | 189 |  |  | $ | 7,301 |  |  | $ | — |
Construction |  |  | 745 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  |  | 4,071 |  |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | 7,301 |  |  |  | — |
With related allowances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  |  | 2,487 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 786 |  |  |  | 8 |
Commercial business loans |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 76 |  |  |  | 2 |
|  |  | 2,547 |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 862 |  |  |  | 10 |
Total |  | $ | 6,618 |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 8,163 |  |  | $ | 10 |

|  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
|  | Average |  |  | Interest |  |  | Average |  |  | Interest |
|  | Recorded |  |  | Income |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Income |
(In Thousands) |  | Investment |  |  | Recognized |  |  | Investment |  |  | Recognized |
Without related allowances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  | $ | 3,963 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 7,659 |  |  | $ | 135 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 13 |
Construction |  |  | 496 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 496 |
|  |  | 4,459 |  |  |  | 229 |  |  |  | 7,693 |  |  |  | 148 |
With related allowances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  |  | 2,279 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 608 |  |  |  | 19 |
Commercial business loans |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 77 |  |  |  | 3 |
|  |  | 2,343 |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 685 |  |  |  | 22 |
Total |  | $ | 6,802 |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 8,378 |  |  | $ | 170 |

27

For the quarter ended December 31, 2018, no new loans were restructured from their original terms and classified as restructured loans, while one restructured loan was paid off. For the six months ended December 31, 2018, no new loans were restructured from their original terms and classified as restructured loans, while one restructured loan was upgraded to the "pass" category and one restructured loan was paid off. For the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2017, there were no loans that were newly modified from their original terms, re-underwritten or identified in the Corporation's asset quality reports as restructured loans. During the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, no restructured loans were in default within a 12-month period subsequent to their original restructuring. Additionally, during the quarter and six months ended December 31, 2018, there was one loan whose modification was extended beyond the initial maturity of the modification; while during the quarter and six months ended December 31, 2017, there were no loans whose modification was extended beyond the initial maturity of the modification. At both December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to those borrowers whose loans were restructured.
As of December 31, 2018, the Corporation held nine restructured loans with a net outstanding balance of $4.2 million: one loan was classified as substandard and remains on accrual status ($1.4 million); and eight loans were classified as substandard on non-accrual status ($2.8 million). As of June 30, 2018, the Corporation held 11 restructured loans with a net outstanding balance of $5.2 million: one loan was classified as special mention on accrual status ($389,000); one loan was classified as substandard on accrual status ($1.4 million); and nine loans were classified as substandard on non-accrual status ($3.4 million). Substandard assets have one or more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets that do not currently expose the Corporation to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification but possess weaknesses are designated as special mention and are closely monitored by the Corporation. As of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, $2.9 million or 70%, and $2.9 million or 56%, respectively, of the restructured loans were current with respect to their modified payment terms.
The Corporation upgrades restructured single-family loans to the pass category if the borrower has demonstrated satisfactory contractual payments for at least six consecutive months; 12 months for those loans that were restructured more than once; and if the borrower has demonstrated satisfactory contractual payments beyond 12 consecutive months, the loan is no longer categorized as a restructured loan. In addition to the payment history described above, multi-family, commercial real estate, construction and commercial business loans must also demonstrate a combination of the following characteristics to be upgraded: satisfactory cash flow, satisfactory guarantor support, and additional collateral support, among others.
To qualify for restructuring, a borrower must provide evidence of their creditworthiness such as, current financial statements, their most recent income tax returns, current paystubs, current W-2s, and most recent bank statements, among other documents, which are then verified by the Corporation. The Corporation re-underwrites the loan with the borrower's updated financial information, new credit report, current loan balance, new interest rate, remaining loan term, updated property value and modified payment schedule, among other considerations, to determine if the borrower qualifies.
28

The following table summarizes at the dates indicated the restructured loan balances, net of allowance for loan losses, by loan type and non-accrual versus accrual status:

|  | At |  |  | At |
(In Thousands) | December 31, 2018 |  | June 30, 2018
Restructured loans on non-accrual status: |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  | $ | 2,698 |  |  | $ | 3,328 |
Commercial business loans |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | 64 |
Total |  |  | 2,745 |  |  |  | 3,392 |
Restructured loans on accrual status: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  |  | 1,425 |  |  |  | 1,788 |
Total |  |  | 1,425 |  |  |  | 1,788 |
Total restructured loans |  | $ | 4,170 |  |  | $ | 5,180 |

The following tables identify the Corporation's total recorded investment in restructured loans by type at the dates and for the periods indicated.

|  | At December 31, 2018 |
|  | Unpaid |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net |
|  | Principal |  |  | Related |  |  | Recorded |  |  |  |  |  | Recorded |
(In Thousands) |  | Balance |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Investment |  |  | Allowance (1) |  |  | Investment |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With a related allowance |  | $ | 2,214 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,214 |  |  | $ | (124 | ) |  | $ | 2,090 |
Without a related allowance (2) |  |  | 2,407 |  |  |  | (374 | ) |  |  | 2,033 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,033 |
Total single-family |  |  | 4,621 |  |  |  | (374 | ) |  |  | 4,247 |  |  |  | (124 | ) |  |  | 4,123 |
Commercial business loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With a related allowance |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | 47 |
Total commercial business loans |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | 47 |
Total restructured loans |  | $ | 4,677 |  |  | $ | (374 | ) |  | $ | 4,303 |  |  | $ | (133 | ) |  | $ | 4,170 |

(1) Consists of collectively and individually evaluated allowances, specifically assigned to the individual loan.
(2) There was no related allowance for loan losses because the loans have been charged-off to their fair value or the fair value of the collateral is higher than the loan balance.
29

|  | At June 30, 2018 |
|  | Unpaid |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net |
|  | Principal |  |  | Related |  |  | Recorded |  |  |  |  |  | Recorded |
(In Thousands) |  | Balance |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Investment |  |  | Allowance (1) |  |  | Investment |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With a related allowance |  | $ | 2,228 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,228 |  |  | $ | (151 | ) |  | $ | 2,077 |
Without a related allowance (2) |  |  | 3,450 |  |  |  | (411 | ) |  |  | 3,039 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,039 |
Total single-family |  |  | 5,678 |  |  |  | (411 | ) |  |  | 5,267 |  |  |  | (151 | ) |  |  | 5,116 |
Commercial business loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With a related allowance |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 64 |
Total commercial business loans |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 64 |
Total restructured loans |  | $ | 5,748 |  |  | $ | (411 | ) |  | $ | 5,337 |  |  | $ | (157 | ) |  | $ | 5,180 |

(1) Consists of collectively and individually evaluated allowances, specifically assigned to the individual loan.
(2) There was no related allowance for loan losses because the loans have been charged-off to their fair value or the fair value of the collateral is higher than the loan balance.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2018, no properties were acquired in the settlement of loans, while one previously foreclosed upon property was sold. This compares to the quarter ended December 31, 2017 when one property was acquired in the settlement of loans, while no previously foreclosed upon properties were sold. For the six months ended December 31, 2018, no properties were acquired in the settlement of loans, while two previously foreclosed upon properties were sold. This compares to the six months ended December 31, 2017 when one property was acquired in the settlement of loans, while two previously foreclosed upon properties were sold. As of December 31, 2018, there was no outstanding real estate owned property. This compares to two real estate owned properties located in California with a total net fair value of $906,000 at June 30, 2018. A new appraisal was obtained on each of the properties at the time of foreclosure and fair value was derived by using the lower of the appraised value or the listing price of the property, net of selling costs. Any initial loss was recorded as a charge to the allowance for loan losses before being transferred to real estate owned. Subsequent to transfer to real estate owned, if there is further deterioration in real estate values, specific real estate owned loss reserves are established and charged to the statement of operations. In addition, the Corporation records costs to carry real estate owned as real estate operating expenses as incurred.
Note 7: Derivative and Other Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risks
The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit in the form of originating loans or providing funds under existing lines of credit, loan sale commitments to third parties and option contracts. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest-rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Corporation's exposure to credit loss, in the event of non-performance by the counterparty to these financial instruments, is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. The Corporation uses the same credit policies in entering into financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. As of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, the Corporation had commitments to extend credit (on loans to be held for investment and loans to be held for sale) of $34.6 million and $66.3 million, respectively.
30

The following table provides information at the dates indicated regarding undisbursed funds on construction loans, undisbursed funds to borrowers on existing lines of credit with the Corporation as well as commitments to originate loans to be held for investment at the dates indicated below.

Commitments | December 31, 2018 |  | June 30, 2018 |
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Undisbursed loan funds – Construction loans |  | $ | 5,747 |  |  | $ | 4,302 |
Undisbursed lines of credit – Commercial business loans |  |  | 1,488 |  |  |  | 495 |
Undisbursed lines of credit – Consumer loans |  |  | 487 |  |  |  | 503 |
Commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for investment |  |  | 7,376 |  |  |  | 9,352 |
Total |  | $ | 15,098 |  |  | $ | 14,652 |

The following table provides information regarding the allowance for loan losses for the undisbursed funds and commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for investment for the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

|  | For the Quarters Ended December 31, |  |  | For the Six Months Ended December 31, |
(In Thousands) |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Balance, beginning of the period |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 213 |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 277 |
Provision (recovery) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (89 | )
Balance, end of the period |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 188 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 188 |

In accordance with ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging," and interpretations of the Derivatives Implementation Group of the FASB, the fair value of the commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale, loan sale commitments, to be announced ("TBA") MBS trades, put option contracts and call option contracts are recorded at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At December 31, 2018, $506,000 was included in other assets and $691,000 was included in other liabilities; at June 30, 2018, $849,000 was included in other assets and $464,000 was included in other liabilities. The Corporation does not apply hedge accounting to its derivative financial instruments; therefore, all changes in fair value are recorded in earnings.
The net impact of derivative financial instruments recorded within the gain on sale of loans contained in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations during the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:

|  | For the Quarters Ended December 31, |  |  | For the Six Months Ended December 31, |
Derivative Financial Instruments |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | (321 | ) |  | $ | (93 | )
Mandatory loan sale commitments and TBA MBS trades |  |  | (928 | ) |  |  | (582 | ) |  |  | (249 | ) |  |  | (791 | )
Option contracts, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (37 | )
Total net loss |  | $ | (920 | ) |  | $ | (553 | ) |  | $ | (570 | ) |  | $ | (921 | )

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The outstanding derivative financial instruments and other loan sale agreements at the dates indicated were as follows:

|  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | June 30, 2018 |
Derivative Financial Instruments |  | Amount |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Amount |  |  | Fair Value |
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale (1) |  | $ | 27,260 |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | 56,906 |  |  | $ | 825 |
Best efforts loan sale commitments |  |  | (12,795 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (29,502 | ) |  |  | — |
Mandatory loan sale commitments and TBA MBS trades |  |  | (66,721 | ) |  |  | (689 | ) |  |  | (117,759 | ) |  |  | (440 | )
Total |  | $ | (52,256 | ) |  | $ | (185 | ) |  | $ | (90,355 | ) |  | $ | 385 |

(1) | Net of 26.3% at December 31, 2018 and 24.7% at June 30, 2018 of commitments which management has estimated may not fund.

Occasionally, the Corporation is required to repurchase loans sold to Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or other institutional investors if it is determined that such loans do not meet the credit requirements of the investor, or if one of the parties involved in the loan misrepresented pertinent facts, committed fraud, or if such loans were 90-days past due within 120 days of the loan funding date. During the first six months of fiscal 2019, the Corporation repurchased three loans totaling $253,000, including two loans that were fully charged off ($25,000). In comparison, the Corporation did not repurchase any loans from investors during the first six months of fiscal 2018 pursuant to the recourse/repurchase covenants contained in the loan sale agreements. Additional repurchase requests may have been settled that did not result in the repurchase of the loan itself. The primary reasons for honoring the repurchase requests are borrower fraud, undisclosed liabilities on borrower applications, and documentation, verification and appraisal disputes. For the first six months of fiscal 2019 and 2018, the Corporation recorded a $33,000 recovery and a $22,000 recovery from the recourse liability, respectively, and did not settle any claims. As of December 31, 2018, the total recourse reserve for loans sold that are subject to repurchase decreased to $250,000, as compared to $283,000 at June 30, 2018 and $283,000 at December 31, 2017.
Beginning in 2008, in connection with the downturn in the real estate market, the Corporation implemented tighter underwriting standards to reduce potential loan repurchase requests, including requiring higher credit scores, generally lower debt-to-income ratios, and verification of income and assets, among other criteria. Despite management's diligent estimate of the recourse reserve, the Corporation is still subject to risks and uncertainties associated with potentially higher loan repurchase claims from investors, and there are no assurances that the current recourse reserve will be sufficient to cover all future recourse claims.
The following table shows the summary of the recourse liability for the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

|  | For the Quarters Ended December 31, |  |  | For the Six Months Ended December 31, |
Recourse Liability |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of the period |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 305 |
Recovery from recourse liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (33 | ) |  |  | (22 | )
Net settlements in lieu of loan repurchases |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Balance, end of the period |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 283 |

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Note 8: Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Corporation adopted ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures," and elected the fair value option pursuant to ASC 825, "Financial Instruments" on loans originated for sale by PBM. ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 825 permits entities to elect to measure many financial instruments and certain other assets and liabilities at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis (the "Fair Value Option") at specified election dates. At each subsequent reporting date, an entity is required to report unrealized gains and losses on items in earnings for which the fair value option has been elected. The objective of the Fair Value Option is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions.
The following table describes the difference at the dates indicated between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment at fair value and loans held for sale at fair value:

(In Thousands) |  | Aggregate Fair Value |  |  | Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance |  |  | Net Unrealized (Loss) Gain |
As of December 31, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans held for investment, at fair value |  | $ | 4,995 |  |  | $ | 5,261 |  |  | $ | (266 | )
Loans held for sale, at fair value |  | $ | 57,562 |  |  | $ | 55,648 |  |  | $ | 1,914 |
As of June 30, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans held for investment, at fair value |  | $ | 5,234 |  |  | $ | 5,546 |  |  | $ | (312 | )
Loans held for sale, at fair value |  | $ | 96,298 |  |  | $ | 93,791 |  |  | $ | 2,507 |

ASC 820-10-65-4, "Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly," provides additional guidance for estimating fair value in accordance with ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements," when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased.
ASC 820 establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used in fair value calculations. The three levels of inputs are defined as follows:

Level 1 | - | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Corporation has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 | - | Observable inputs other than Level 1 such as: quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated to observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 | - | Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability that use significant assumptions, including assumptions of risks. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Corporation's estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include the use of pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

ASC 820 requires the Corporation to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. If a financial instrument uses inputs that fall in different levels of the hierarchy, the instrument will be categorized based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value calculation.
The Corporation's financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of investment securities available for sale, loans held for investment at fair value, loans held for sale at fair value, interest-only strips and derivative
33

financial instruments; while non-performing loans, mortgage servicing assets ("MSA") and real estate owned are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
Investment securities - available for sale are primarily comprised of U.S. government agency MBS, U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS and privately issued CMO. The Corporation utilizes quoted prices in active markets for similar securities for its fair value measurement of MBS and debt securities (Level 2) and broker price indications for similar securities in non-active markets for its fair value measurement of the CMO (Level 3).
Derivative financial instruments are comprised of commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale, mandatory loan sale commitments, TBA MBS trades and option contracts. The fair value of TBA MBS trades is determined using quoted secondary-market prices (Level 2). The fair values of other derivative financial instruments are determined by quoted prices for a similar commitment or commitments, adjusted for the specific attributes of each commitment (Level 3).
Loans held for investment at fair value are primarily single-family loans which have been transferred from loans held for sale. The fair value is determined by the management estimates of the specific credit risk attributes of each loan, in addition to the quoted secondary-market prices which account for the interest rate characteristics of each loan (Level 3).
Loans held for sale at fair value are primarily single-family loans. The fair value is determined, when possible, using quoted secondary-market prices such as mandatory loan sale commitments. If no such quoted price exists, the fair value of a loan is determined by quoted prices for a similar loan or loans, adjusted for the specific attributes of each loan (Level 2).
Non-performing loans are loans which are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrowers or of the collateral pledged. The non-performing loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. The fair value of a non-performing loan is determined based on an observable market price or current appraised value of the underlying collateral. Appraised and reported values may be discounted based on management's historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation, and/or management's expertise and knowledge of the borrower. For non-performing loans which are restructured loans, the fair value is derived from discounted cash flow analysis (Level 3), except those which are in the process of foreclosure or 90 days delinquent for which the fair value is derived from the appraised value of its collateral (Level 2). For other non-performing loans which are not restructured loans, other than non-performing commercial real estate loans, the fair value is derived from relative value analysis: historical experience and management estimates by loan type for which collectively evaluated allowances are assigned (Level 3); or the appraised value of its collateral for loans which are in the process of foreclosure or where borrowers file bankruptcy (Level 2). For non-performing commercial real estate loans, the fair value is derived from the appraised value of its collateral (Level 2). Non-performing loans are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional allowance and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors identified above. This loss is not recorded directly as an adjustment to current earnings or other comprehensive income (loss), but rather as a component in determining the overall adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. These adjustments to the estimated fair value of non-performing loans may result in increases or decreases to the provision for loan losses recorded in current earnings.
The Corporation uses the amortization method for its MSA, which amortizes the MSA in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income and assesses the MSA for impairment based on fair value at each reporting date. The fair value of the MSA is derived using the present value method; which includes a third party's prepayment projections of similar instruments, weighted-average coupon rates, estimated servicing costs and discount interest rates (Level 3).
The rights to future income from serviced loans that exceed contractually specified servicing fees are recorded as interest-only strips. The fair value of interest-only strips is derived using the same assumptions that are used to value the related MSA (Level 3).
34

The fair value of real estate owned is derived from the lower of the appraised value or the listing price, net of estimated selling costs (Level 2).
The Corporation's valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While management believes the Corporation's valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.
The following fair value hierarchy tables present information at the dates indicated about the Corporation's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

|  | Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2018 Using: |
(In Thousands) |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities - available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency MBS |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,942 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,942 |
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,311 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,311 |
Private issue CMO |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 310 |  |  |  | 310 |
Investment securities - available for sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,253 |  |  |  | 310 |  |  |  | 6,563 |
Loans held for investment, at fair value |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,995 |  |  |  | 4,995 |
Loans held for sale, at fair value |  |  | — |  |  |  | 57,562 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 57,562 |
Interest-only strips |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 21 |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 505 |  |  |  | 505 |
Mandatory loan sale commitments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
Derivative assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 506 |  |  |  | 506 |
Total assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 63,815 |  |  | $ | 5,832 |  |  | $ | 69,647 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Mandatory loan sale commitments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 10 |
TBA MBS trades |  |  | — |  |  |  | 680 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 680 |
Derivative liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 680 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 691 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 680 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 691 |

35

|  | Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2018 Using: |
(In Thousands) |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities - available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency MBS |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,384 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,384 |
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,762 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,762 |
Private issue CMO |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 350 |
Investment securities - available for sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,146 |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 7,496 |
Loans held for investment, at fair value |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,234 |  |  |  | 5,234 |
Loans held for sale, at fair value |  |  | — |  |  |  | 96,298 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 96,298 |
Interest-only strips |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 23 |
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 849 |  |  |  | 849 |
Derivative assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 849 |  |  |  | 849 |
Total assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 103,444 |  |  | $ | 6,456 |  |  | $ | 109,900 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 24 |
Mandatory loan sale commitments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 32 |
TBA MBS trades |  |  | — |  |  |  | 408 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 408 |
Derivative liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 408 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 464 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 408 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 464 |

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The following tables summarize reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances during the periods shown of recurring fair value measurements recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition using Level 3 inputs:

|  | For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2018 |
|  | Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
(In Thousands) |  | Private Issue CMO |  |  | Loans Held For Investment, at fair value (1) |  | Interest- Only Strips |  |  | Loan Commitments to Originate (2) |  | Mandatory Commitments (3) |  | Total |
Beginning balance at September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | 4,945 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 5,772 |
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in earnings |  |  | — |  |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 102 |
Included in other comprehensive loss |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4 | )
Purchases |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuances |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Settlements |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | (45 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (49 | )
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Ending balance at December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 4,995 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 5,821 |

(1) | The valuation of loans held for investment at fair value includes the management estimates of the specific credit risk attributes of each loan, in addition to the quoted secondary-market prices which account for the interest rate characteristics of each loan.

(2) | Consists of commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale.

(3) | Consists of mandatory loan sale commitments.

|  | For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2017 |
|  | Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
(In Thousands) |  | Private Issue CMO |  |  | Loans Held For Investment, at fair value (1) |  | Interest- Only Strips |  |  | Loan Commit- ments to Originate (2) |  |  | Manda- tory Commit- ments (3) |  |  | Total |
Beginning balance at September 30, 2017 |  | $ | 448 |  |  | $ | 6,924 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 687 |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | 8,083 |
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in earnings |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | 47 |
Included in other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | )
Purchases |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuances |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Settlements |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | (1,805 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,834 | )
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Ending balance at December 31, 2017 |  | $ | 419 |  |  | $ | 5,157 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 716 |  |  | $ | (24 | ) |  | $ | 6,294 |

(1) | The valuation of loans held for investment at fair value includes the management estimates of the specific credit risk attributes of each loan, in addition to the quoted secondary-market prices which account for the interest rate characteristics of each loan.

(2) | Consists of commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale.

(3) | Consists of mandatory loan sale commitments.

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|  | For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 |
|  | Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
(In Thousands) |  | Private Issue CMO |  |  | Loans Held For Investment, at fair value (1) |  | Interest- Only Strips |  |  | Loan Commitments to Originate (2) |  | Mandatory Commitments (3) |  | Total |
Beginning balance at June 30, 2018 |  | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | 5,234 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | (32 | ) |  | $ | 6,400 |
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in earnings |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (321 | ) |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | (254 | )
Included in other comprehensive loss |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3 | )
Purchases |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuances |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Settlements |  |  | (39 | ) |  |  | (755 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (792 | )
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 470 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 470 |
Ending balance at December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 4,995 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 5,821 |

(1) | The valuation of loans held for investment at fair value includes the management estimates of the specific credit risk attributes of each loan, in addition to the quoted secondary-market prices which account for the interest rate characteristics of each loan.

(2) | Consists of commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale.

(3) | Consists of mandatory loan sale commitments.

|  | For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 |
|  | Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
(In Thousands) |  | Private Issue CMO |  |  | Loans Held For Investment, at fair value (1) |  | Interest- Only Strips |  |  | Loan Commit- ments to Originate (2) |  | Manda- tory Commit- ments (3) |  | Option Contracts |  |  | Total |
Beginning balance at June 30, 2017 |  | $ | 461 |  |  | $ | 6,445 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 809 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 7,830 |
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in earnings |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (93 | ) |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  | (37 | ) |  |  | (157 | )
Included in other comprehensive loss |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4 | )
Purchases |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuances |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Settlements |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | (1,856 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,897 | )
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 522 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 522 |
Ending balance at December 31, 2017 |  | $ | 419 |  |  | $ | 5,157 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 716 |  |  | $ | (24 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,294 |

(1) | The valuation of loans held for investment at fair value includes the management estimates of the specific credit risk attributes of each loan, in addition to the quoted secondary-market prices which account for the interest rate characteristics of each loan.

(2) | Consists of commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale.

(3) | Consists of mandatory loan sale commitments.

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The following fair value hierarchy tables present information about the Corporation's assets measured at fair value at the dates indicated on a nonrecurring basis:

|  | Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2018 Using: |
(In Thousands) |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Non-performing loans |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,313 |  |  | $ | 1,749 |  |  | $ | 6,062 |
Mortgage servicing assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 513 |  |  |  | 513 |
Real estate owned, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,313 |  |  | $ | 2,262 |  |  | $ | 6,575 |

|  | Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2018 Using: |
(In Thousands) |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Non-performing loans |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,845 |  |  | $ | 1,212 |  |  | $ | 6,057 |
Mortgage servicing assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 135 |  |  |  | 135 |
Real estate owned, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | 906 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 906 |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,751 |  |  | $ | 1,347 |  |  | $ | 7,098 |

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The following table presents additional information about valuation techniques and inputs used for assets and liabilities, including derivative financial instruments, which are measured at fair value and categorized within Level 3 as of December 31, 2018:

(Dollars In Thousands) |  | Fair Value As of December 31, 2018 |  | Valuation Techniques | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range (1) (Weighted Average) |  | Impact to Valuation from an Increase in Inputs (2)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available - for sale: Private issue CMO |  | $ | 310 |  | Market comparable pricing | Comparability adjustment |  | 0.8% – 1.0% (0.9%) |  | Increase
Loans held for investment, at fair value |  | $ | 4,995 |  | Relative value analysis | Broker quotes Credit risk factors |  | 96.7% – 103.5% (99.6%) of par 1.2% - 100.0% (4.7%) |  | Increase Decrease
Non-performing loans |  | $ | 712 |  | Discounted cash flow | Default rates |  | 5.0% |  | Decrease
Non-performing loans |  | $ | 1,037 |  | Relative value analysis | Loss severity |  | 20.0% - 30.0% (23.0%) |  | Decrease
Mortgage servicing assets |  | $ | 513 |  | Discounted cash flow | Prepayment speed (CPR) Discount rate |  | 8.3% - 60.0% (18.2%)9.0% - 10.5% (9.2%) |  | Decrease Decrease
Interest-only strips |  | $ | 21 |  | Discounted cash flow | Prepayment speed (CPR) Discount rate |  | 11.4% - 30.5% (28.1%)9.0% |  | Decrease Decrease
Commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale |  | $ | 505 |  | Relative value analysis | TBA-MBS broker quotes Fall-out ratio (3) |  | 98.3% – 104.6% (101.6%) of par 16.9% - 28.2% (26.3%) |  | Increase Decrease
Mandatory loan sale commitments |  | $ | 1 |  | Relative value analysis | TBA MBS broker quotes Roll-forward costs (4) |  | 104.0% of par 0.023% |  | Decrease Decrease
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale |  | $ | 1 |  | Relative value analysis | TBA-MBS broker quotes Fall-out ratio (3) |  | 102.6% – 102.6% (102.6%) of par 16.9% - 28.2% (26.3%) |  | Decrease Decrease
Mandatory loan sale commitments |  | $ | 10 |  | Relative value analysis | TBA MBS broker quotes Roll-forward costs (4) |  | 102.4% - 103.4% (102.9%) of par 0.023% |  | Increase Increase

(1) | The range is based on the estimated fair values and management estimates.

(2) | Unless otherwise noted, this column represents the directional change in the fair value of the Level 3 investments that would result from an increase to the corresponding unobservable input. A decrease to the unobservable input would have the opposite effect. Significant changes in these inputs in isolation could result in significantly higher or lower fair value measurements.

(3) | The percentage of commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale which management has estimated may not fund.

(4) | An estimated cost to roll forward the mandatory loan sale commitments which management has estimated may not be delivered to the corresponding investors in a timely manner.

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The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Corporation's assets and liabilities include the following: prepayment speeds, discount rates, MBS – TBA quotes, fallout ratios, broker quotes and roll-forward costs, among others. Significant increases or decreases in any of these inputs in isolation could result in significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. The various unobservable inputs used to determine valuations may have similar or diverging impacts on valuation.
The carrying amount and fair value of the Corporation's other financial instruments as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018 was as follows:

|  | December 31, 2018 |
(In Thousands) |  | Carrying Amount |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities - held to maturity |  | $ | 84,990 |  |  | $ | 85,056 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 85,056 |  |  | $ | — |
Loans held for investment, not recorded at fair value |  | $ | 870,418 |  |  | $ | 842,908 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 842,908 |
FHLB – San Francisco stock |  | $ | 8,199 |  |  | $ | 8,199 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 8,199 |  |  |  | — |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | $ | 872,884 |  |  | $ | 843,671 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 843,671 |
Borrowings |  | $ | 111,135 |  |  | $ | 109,680 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 109,680 |

|  | June 30, 2018 |  |  |
(In Thousands) |  | Carrying Amount |  |  | Fair Value |  |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities - held to maturity |  | $ | 87,813 |  |  | $ | 87,239 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 87,239 |  |  |  | — |
Loans held for investment, not recorded at fair value |  | $ | 897,451 |  |  | $ | 873,112 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 873,112 |
FHLB – San Francisco stock |  | $ | 8,199 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,199 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | $ | 907,598 |  |  | $ | 877,641 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 877,641 |
Borrowings |  | $ | 126,163 |  |  | $ | 123,778 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 123,778 |

Investment securities - held to maturity: The investment securities - held to maturity consist of time deposits at CRA qualified minority financial institutions, U.S. SBA securities and U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS. Due to the short-term nature of the time deposits, the principal balance approximated fair value (Level 2). For the MBS and the U.S. SBA securities, the Corporation utilizes quoted prices in active markets for similar securities for its fair value measurement (Level 2).
Loans held for investment, not recorded at fair value: For loans that reprice frequently at market rates, the carrying amount approximates the fair value. For fixed-rate loans, the fair value is determined by either (i) discounting the estimated future cash flows of such loans over their estimated remaining contractual maturities using a current interest rate at which such loans would be made to borrowers, or (ii) quoted market prices.
FHLB – San Francisco stock: The carrying amount reported for FHLB – San Francisco stock approximates fair value. When redeemed, the Corporation will receive an amount equal to the par value of the stock.
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Deposits: The fair value of time deposits is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation. The discount rate is based upon rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. The fair value of transaction accounts (checking, money market and savings accounts) is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation and management estimates of current market conditions.
Borrowings: The fair value of borrowings has been estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation. The discount rate on such borrowings is based upon rates currently offered for borrowings of similar remaining maturities.
The Corporation has various processes and controls in place to ensure that fair value is reasonably estimated. The Corporation generally determines fair value of their Level 3 assets and liabilities by using internally developed models which primarily utilize discounted cash flow techniques and prices obtained from independent management services or brokers. The Corporation performs due diligence procedures over third-party pricing service providers in order to support their use in the valuation process.
While the Corporation believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. During the quarter ended December 31, 2018, there were no significant changes to the Corporation's valuation techniques that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Note 9: Incentive Plans
As of December 31, 2018, the Corporation had two active share-based compensation plans, which are described below. These plans are the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan ("2013 Plan") and the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan ("2010 Plan"). Additionally, the Corporation had one inactive share-based compensation plan - the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan ("2006 Plan") where no new awards can be granted but outstanding grants remain eligible for exercise.
For the quarters ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the compensation cost for these plans was $45,000 and $258,000, respectively. The income tax (deficit) benefit recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations per adoption of ASU 2016-09 for share-based compensation plans for the quarters ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $(2,000) and $7,000, respectively.
For the first six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the compensation cost for these plans was $730,000 and $524,000, respectively. The income tax benefit recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations per adoption of ASU 2016-09 for share-based compensation plans for the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $124,000 and $20,000, respectively.
Equity Incentive Plans. The Corporation established and the shareholders approved the 2013 Plan, the 2010 Plan and the 2006 Plan (collectively, "the Plans") for directors, advisory directors, directors emeriti, officers and employees of the Corporation and its subsidiary. The 2013 Plan authorizes 300,000 stock options and 300,000 shares of restricted stock. The 2013 Plan also provides that no person may be granted more than 60,000 stock options or 45,000 shares of restricted stock in any one year. The 2010 Plan authorizes 586,250 stock options and 288,750 shares of restricted stock. The 2010 Plan also provides that no person may be granted more than 117,250 stock options or 43,312 shares of restricted stock in any one year. The 2006 Plan authorized 365,000 stock options and 185,000 shares of restricted stock. The 2006 Plan also provided that no person was granted more than 73,000 stock options or 27,750 shares of restricted stock in any one year.
Equity Incentive Plans - Stock Options. Under the Plans, options may not be granted at a price less than the fair market value at the date of the grant. Options typically vest over a five-year or shorter period as long as the director, advisory director,
42

director emeritus, officer or employee remains in service to the Corporation. The options are exercisable after vesting for up to the remaining term of the original grant. The maximum term of the options granted is 10 years.
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions. The expected volatility is based on implied volatility from historical common stock closing prices for the prior 84 months. The expected dividend yield is based on the most recent quarterly dividend on an annualized basis. The expected term is based on the historical experience of all fully vested stock option grants and is reviewed annually. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury note rate with a term similar to the underlying stock option on the particular grant date.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2019, no options were granted or forfeited, while 5,000 options were exercised. This compares to the second quarter of fiscal 2018 when no options were granted or forfeited, while 5,750 options were exercised. During the first six months of fiscal 2019, no options were granted or forfeited, while 20,000 options were exercised. This compares to the first six months of fiscal 2018 when no options were granted, while 27,250 options were exercised and 2,500 options were forfeited. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were 147,500 stock options available for future grants under the Plans at both dates.
The following table summarizes the stock option activity in the Plans for the quarter and six months ended December 31, 2018.

|  | For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2018 |
Options |  | Shares |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($000) |
Outstanding at September 30, 2018 |  |  | 514,000 |  |  | $ | 12.84 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (5,000 | ) |  | $ | 14.59 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 509,000 |  |  | $ | 12.83 |  |  |  | 4.80 |  |  | $ | 1,485 |
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 506,400 |  |  | $ | 12.79 |  |  |  | 4.78 |  |  | $ | 1,485 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 496,000 |  |  | $ | 12.65 |  |  |  | 4.72 |  |  | $ | 1,485 |

|  | For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 |
Options |  | Shares |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($000) |
Outstanding at June 30, 2018 |  |  | 529,000 |  |  | $ | 12.77 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (20,000 | ) |  | $ | 11.31 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 509,000 |  |  | $ | 12.83 |  |  |  | 4.80 |  |  | $ | 1,485 |
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 506,400 |  |  | $ | 12.79 |  |  |  | 4.78 |  |  | $ | 1,485 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 496,000 |  |  | $ | 12.65 |  |  |  | 4.72 |  |  | $ | 1,485 |

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As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there was $76,000 and $652,000 of unrecognized compensation expense, respectively, related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements under the Plans. The expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years and 1.1 years, respectively. The forfeiture rate during the first six months of fiscal 2019 and 2018 was 20 percent for both periods, and was calculated by using the historical forfeiture experience of stock option grants and is reviewed annually.
Equity Incentive Plans – Restricted Stock. The Corporation used 300,000 shares, 288,750 shares and 185,000 shares of its treasury stock to fund the 2013 Plan, the 2010 Plan and the 2006 Plan, respectively. Awarded shares typically vest over a five-year or shorter period as long as the director, advisory director, director emeriti, officer or employee remains in service to the Corporation. Once vested, a recipient of restricted stock will have all rights of a shareholder, including the power to vote and the right to receive dividends. The Corporation recognizes compensation expense for the restricted stock awards based on the fair value of the shares at the award date.
There were no restricted stock awards and no forfeitures, while there were 1,500 shares of restricted stock vested in the second quarter of fiscal 2019. This compares to no restricted stock activity in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. For the first six months of fiscal 2019, there was no restricted stock activity, other than the vesting of 86,500 shares. This compares to no restricted stock activity, other than the forfeiture of 2,000 shares for the first six months of fiscal 2018. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were 267,750 shares of restricted stock available for future awards under the Plans at both dates.
The following table summarizes the unvested restricted stock activity for the quarter and six months ended December 31, 2018.

| For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2018
Unvested Shares | Shares | Weighted- Average Award Date Fair Value
Unvested at September 30, 2018 | 13,500 |  | $18.20
Granted | — |  | $—
Vested | (1,500 | ) | $17.35
Forfeited | — |  | $—
Unvested at December 31, 2018 | 12,000 |  | $18.31
Expected to vest at December 31, 2018 | 9,600 |  | $18.31

| For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018
Unvested Shares | Shares | Weighted- Average Award Date Fair Value
Unvested at June 30, 2018 | 98,500 |  | $14.35
Granted | — |  | $—
Vested | (86,500 | ) | $13.80
Forfeited | — |  | $—
Unvested at December 31, 2018 | 12,000 |  | $18.31
Expected to vest at December 31, 2018 | 9,600 |  | $18.31

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As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the unrecognized compensation expense was $159,000 and $867,000, respectively, related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements under the Plans, and reported as a reduction to stockholders' equity. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years and 1.3 years, respectively. Similar to stock options, a forfeiture rate of 20 percent has been applied for the restricted stock compensation expense calculations in the first six months of fiscal 2019 and 2018.
Note 10: Reclassification Adjustment of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI")
The following tables provide the changes in AOCI by component for the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

| For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2018
| Unrealized gains and losses on
(In Thousands) | Investment securities available for sale | Interest- only strips | Total
Beginning balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 172 |  | $ | 17 |  | $ | 189 |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (18 | ) | (2 | ) | (20 | )
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | — |  | — |  | — |
Net other comprehensive loss | (18 | ) | (2 | ) | (20 | )
Ending balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 154 |  | $ | 15 |  | $ | 169 |

| For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2017
| Unrealized gains and losses on
(In Thousands) | Investment securities available for sale | Interest- only strips | Total
Beginning balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | 214 |  | $ | 16 |  | $ | 230 |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (61 | ) | (4 | ) | (65 | )
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | 42 |  | 3 |  | 45 |
Net other comprehensive loss | (19 | ) | (1 | ) | (20 | )
Ending balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 195 |  | $ | 15 |  | $ | 210 |

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| For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018
| Unrealized gains and losses on
(In Thousands) | Investment securities available for sale | Interest- only strips | Total
Beginning balance at June 30, 2018 | $ | 194 |  | $ | 16 |  | $ | 210 |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (40 | ) | (1 | ) | (41 | )
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | — |  | — |  | — |
Net other comprehensive loss | (40 | ) | (1 | ) | (41 | )
Ending balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 154 |  | $ | 15 |  | $ | 169 |

| For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2017
| Unrealized gains and losses on
(In Thousands) | Investment securities available for sale | Interest- only strips | Total
Beginning balance at June 30, 2017 | $ | 211 |  | $ | 18 |  | $ | 229 |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (58 | ) | (6 | ) | (64 | )
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | 42 |  | 3 |  | 45 |
Net other comprehensive loss | (16 | ) | (3 | ) | (19 | )
Ending balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 195 |  | $ | 15 |  | $ | 210 |

Note 11: Offsetting Derivative and Other Financial Instruments
The Corporation's derivative transactions are generally governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association Master Agreements and similar arrangements, which include provisions governing the setoff of assets and liabilities between the parties. When the Corporation has more than one outstanding derivative transaction with a single counterparty, the setoff provisions contained within these agreements generally allow the non-defaulting party the right to reduce its liability to the defaulting party by amounts eligible for setoff, including the collateral received as well as eligible offsetting transactions with that counterparty, irrespective of the currency, place of payment, or booking office. The Corporation's policy is to present its derivative assets and derivative liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition on a net basis. The derivative assets and liabilities are comprised of mandatory loan sale commitments, TBA MBS trades and option contracts.
The following tables present the gross and net amounts of derivative assets and liabilities and other financial instruments as reported in the Corporation's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition, and the gross amount not offset in the Corporation's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition as of the dates indicated.
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As of December 31, 2018:

|  | Gross | Net |  |  |
|  | Amount | Amount |  |  |
|  | Offset in the | of Assets in | Gross Amount Not Offset in |
|  | Condensed | the Condensed | the Condensed Consolidated |
| Gross | Consolidated | Consolidated | Statements of Financial Condition |
| Amount of | Statements | Statements |  | Cash |
| Recognized | of Financial | of Financial | Financial | Collateral | Net
(In Thousands) | Assets | Condition | Condition | Instruments | Received | Amount
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives | $ | 1 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1 |
Total | $ | 1 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1 |

|  | Gross | Net |  |  |
|  | Amount | Amount |  |  |
|  | Offset in the | of Liabilities in | Gross Amount Not Offset in |
|  | Condensed | the Condensed | the Condensed Consolidated |
| Gross | Consolidated | Consolidated | Statements of Financial Condition |
| Amount of | Statements | Statements |  | Cash |
| Recognized | of Financial | of Financial | Financial | Collateral | Net
(In Thousands) | Liabilities | Condition | Condition | Instruments | Received | Amount
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives | $ | 690 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 690 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 690 |
Total | $ | 690 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 690 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 690 |

As of June 30, 2018:

|  | Gross | Net |  |  |
|  | Amount | Amount |  |  |
|  | Offset in the | of Assets in | Gross Amount Not Offset in |
|  | Condensed | the Condensed | the Condensed Consolidated |
| Gross | Consolidated | Consolidated | Statements of Financial Condition |
| Amount of | Statements | Statements |  | Cash |
| Recognized | of Financial | of Financial | Financial | Collateral | Net
(In Thousands) | Assets | Condition | Condition | Instruments | Received | Amount
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Total | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |

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|  | Gross | Net |  |  |
|  | Amount | Amount |  |  |
|  | Offset in the | of Liabilities in | Gross Amount Not Offset in |
|  | Condensed | the Condensed | the Condensed Consolidated |
| Gross | Consolidated | Consolidated | Statements of Financial Condition |
| Amount of | Statements | Statements |  | Cash |
| Recognized | of Financial | of Financial | Financial | Collateral | Net
(In Thousands) | Liabilities | Condition | Condition | Instruments | Received | Amount
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives | $ | 440 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 440 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 440 |
Total | $ | 440 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 440 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 440 |

Note 12: Revenue From Contracts With Customers
In accordance with ASC 606, revenues are recognized when goods or services are transferred to the customer in exchange for the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive. The largest portion of the Company's revenue is from interest income, which is not in the scope of ASC 606. All of the Company's revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of ASC 606 is recognized in non-interest income.
If a contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue as it satisfies a performance obligation. Payments from customers are generally collected at the time services are rendered, monthly, or quarterly. For contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606, revenue is either earned at a point in time or revenue is earned over time. Examples of revenue earned at a point in time are automated teller machine ("ATM") transaction fees, wire transfer fees, overdraft fees and interchange fees. Revenue is primarily based on the number and type of transactions that are generally derived from transactional information accumulated by our systems and is recognized immediately as the transactions occur or upon providing the service to complete the customer's transaction. The Company is generally the principal in these contracts, with the exception of interchanges fees, in which case the Company is acting as the agent and records revenue net of expenses paid to the principal. Examples of revenue earned over time, which generally occur on a monthly basis, are deposit account maintenance fees, investment advisory fees, merchant revenue, trust and investment management fees and safe deposit box fees. Revenue is generally derived from transactional information accumulated by our systems or those of third-parties and is recognized as the related transactions occur or services are rendered to the customer.
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Disaggregation of Revenue:
The following table includes the Company's non-interest income disaggregated by type of services for the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

| For the Quarters Ended December 31, | For the Six Months Ended December 31,
Type of Services | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |
Asset management fees | $ | 56 |  | $ | 88 |  | $ | 138 |  | $ | 207 |
Debit card and ATM fees | 413 |  | 394 |  | 832 |  | 796 |
Deposit related fees | 519 |  | 543 |  | 1,038 |  | 1,110 |
Loan related fees | 1 |  | (11 | ) | 13 |  | (36 | )
BOLI (1) | 47 |  | 67 |  | 93 |  | 134 |
Loan servicing fees (1) | 277 |  | 317 |  | 601 |  | 680 |
Net gain on sale of loans (1) | 2,263 |  | 4,317 |  | 5,395 |  | 9,164 |
Other | 19 |  | 26 |  | 34 |  | 38 |
Total non-interest income | $ | 3,595 |  | $ | 5,741 |  | $ | 8,144 |  | $ | 12,093 |

(1) | Not in scope of ASC 606.

For the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, substantially all of the Company's revenues within the scope of ASC 606 are for performance obligations satisfied at a specified date.
Revenues recognized in scope of ASC 606:
Asset management fees: Asset management fees are variable, since they are based on the underlying portfolio value, which is subject to market conditions and amounts invested by clients through a third-party provider. Asset management fees are recognized over the period that services are provided, and when the portfolio values are known or can be estimated at the end of each month.
Debit card and ATM fees: Debit and ATM interchange income represents fees earned when a debit card issued by the Bank is used. The Bank earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions through a third party payment network. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder. The performance obligation is satisfied and the fees are earned when the cost of the transaction is charged to the cardholders' debit card. Certain expenses directly associated with the debit cards are recorded on a net basis with the interchange income.
Deposit related fees: Fees are earned on the Bank's deposit accounts for various products offered to or services performed for the Bank's customers. Fees include business account fees, non-sufficient fund fees, stop payment fees, wire services, safe deposit box and others. These fees are recognized on a daily, monthly or quarterly basis, depending on the type of service.
Loan related fees: Non-interest loan fee income is earned on loans that the Bank services, excluding loan servicing fees which are not within the scope of ASC 606. Loan related fees include prepayment fees, late charges, brokered loan fees, maintenance fees and others. These fees are recognized on a daily, monthly, quarterly or annual basis, depending on the type of service.
Other: Fees earned on other services, such as merchant services or occasional non-recurring type services, are recognized at the time of the event or the applicable billing cycle.
Note 13: Income Taxes
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act"). The Tax Act amends the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses. For businesses, the Tax Act reduces the corporate federal tax income rate from a
49

maximum of 35 percent to a flat 21 percent. The corporate tax rate reduction was effective January 1, 2018. Since the Corporation has a fiscal year end of June 30th, the reduced corporate income tax rate for its fiscal year 2018 resulted in the application of a blended federal statutory income tax rate of 28.06 percent, which is based on the applicable tax rates before and after the Tax Act and corresponding number of days in the fiscal year before and after enactment, and then a flat 21 percent tax rate thereafter.
Under generally accepted accounting principles, the Corporation uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. At June 30, 2017, the Corporation's deferred tax assets and liabilities were determined based on the then-current enacted federal tax rate of 35 percent. As a result of the reduction in the corporate income tax rate under the Tax Act, the Corporation revalued its deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2017. Deferred tax assets and liabilities realized in fiscal year 2018 were re-measured using the aforementioned blended rate. All remaining deferred tax assets and liabilities were re-measured using the new statutory federal rate of 21 percent. These re-measurements collectively resulted in a discrete tax expense of $1.8 million that was recognized in the second quarter of fiscal 2018.
The estimated combined federal and state statutory tax rates, before discrete items, for the second quarters of fiscal 2019 and 2018 and for fiscal years 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

Statutory Tax Rates | Q2FY2019 | Q2FY2018 | FY2019 | FY2018
Federal Tax Rate | 21.00% | 28.06% | 21.00% | 28.06%
State Tax Rate | 10.84% | 10.84% | 10.84% | 10.84%
Combined Statutory Tax Rate (1) | 29.56% | 35.86% | 29.56% | 35.86%

(1) The combined statutory tax rate is net of the federal tax benefit for the state tax deduction.
The Corporation's effective tax rate may differ from the estimated statutory tax rates described above due to discrete items such as further adjustments to net deferred tax assets, excess tax benefits derived from stock option exercises and non-taxable earnings from bank owned life insurance, among other items.
Note 14: Subsequent Events

1) | On January 29, 2019, the Corporation announced that the Corporation's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.14 per share. Shareholders of the Corporation's common stock at the close of business on February 19, 2019 will be entitled to receive the cash dividend. The cash dividend will be payable on March 12, 2019.

2) | On January 30, 2019, the Corporation announced that Bank will close its La Quinta Branch effective at the close of business on May 10, 2019. The Bank anticipates an annual operational cost savings of approximately $473,000, primarily in salaries and employee benefits expenses and premises and occupancy expenses subsequent to the branch closure. Total one-time charges for the branch closure will be approximately $18,000.

3) | On February 4, 2019, the Corporation announced that the Corporation's Board of Directors determined that it was in the long-term best interests of the Corporation to exit the operations of the Corporation's mortgage banking segment conducted through PBM. The Corporation estimates that it will incur one-time costs of approximately $3.6 million to $4.0 million during the remainder of fiscal 2019, which amounts include costs for severance, retention, personnel, premises, occupancy, depreciation, and costs related to termination of data processing and other contractual arrangements. For additional information, see the Form 8-K the Corporation filed with the SEC on February 4, 2019.

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ITEM 2 – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
General
Provident Financial Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was organized in January 1996 for the purpose of becoming the holding company of Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B. ("the Bank") upon the Bank's conversion from a federal mutual to a federal stock savings bank ("Conversion"). The Conversion was completed on June 27, 1996. The Corporation is regulated by the Federal Reserve Board ("FRB"). At December 31, 2018, the Corporation had total assets of $1.13 billion, total deposits of $872.9 million and total stockholders' equity of $122.7 million. The Corporation has not engaged in any significant activity other than holding the stock of the Bank. Accordingly, the information set forth in this report, including financial statements and related data, relates primarily to the Bank and its subsidiaries. As used in this report, the terms "we," "our," "us," and "Corporation" refer to Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.
The Bank, founded in 1956, is a federally chartered stock savings bank headquartered in Riverside, California. The Bank is regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC"), its primary federal regulator, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"), the insurer of its deposits. The Bank's deposits are federally insured up to applicable limits by the FDIC. The Bank has been a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System since 1956.
The Corporation's business consists of community banking activities and mortgage banking activities, conducted by Provident Bank and Provident Bank Mortgage ("PBM"), a division of the Bank. Community banking activities primarily consist of accepting deposits from customers within the communities surrounding the Bank's full service offices and investing those funds in single-family loans, multi-family loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans, commercial business loans, consumer loans and other real estate loans. The Bank also offers business checking accounts, other business banking services, and services loans for others. Mortgage banking activities consist of the origination and sale of mortgage loans secured primarily by single-family residences. The Bank currently operates 14 retail/business banking offices in Riverside County and San Bernardino County (commonly known as the Inland Empire). Provident Bank Mortgage operates two wholesale loan production offices: one in Pleasanton and one in Riverside, California; and nine retail loan production offices located throughout California. The Corporation's revenues are derived principally from interest on its loans and investment securities and fees generated through its community banking and mortgage banking activities. There are various risks inherent in the Corporation's business including, among others, the general business environment, interest rates, the California real estate market, the demand for loans, the prepayment of loans, the repurchase of loans previously sold to investors, the secondary market conditions to sell loans, competitive conditions, legislative and regulatory changes, fraud and other risks.
The Corporation began to distribute quarterly cash dividends in the quarter ended December 31, 2002. On October 25, 2018, the Corporation declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.14 per share for the Corporation's shareholders of record at the close of business on November 15, 2018, which was paid on December 6, 2018. Future declarations or payments of dividends will be subject to the consideration of the Corporation's Board of Directors, which will take into account the Corporation's financial condition, results of operations, tax considerations, capital requirements, industry standards, legal restrictions, economic conditions and other factors, including the regulatory restrictions which affect the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Corporation. Under Delaware law, dividends may be paid either out of surplus or, if there is no surplus, out of net profits for the current fiscal year and/or the preceding fiscal year in which the dividend is declared.
On January 29, 2019, the Corporation announced that the Corporation's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.14 per share. Shareholders of the Corporation's common stock at the close of business on February 19, 2019 will be entitled to receive the cash dividend. The cash dividend will be payable on March 12, 2019.
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Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying selected Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Safe-Harbor Statement
Certain matters in this Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. This Form 10-Q contains statements that the Corporation believes are "forward-looking statements." These statements relate to the Corporation's financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance or business. You should not place undue reliance on these statements, as they are subject to risks and uncertainties. When considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind these risks and uncertainties, as well as any cautionary statements the Corporation may make. Moreover, you should treat these statements as speaking only as of the date they are made and based only on information then actually known to the Corporation. There are a number of important factors that could cause future results to differ materially from historical performance and these forward-looking statements. Factors which could cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to the following: the possibility that the actual costs incurred from our exiting the mortgage banking business will be materially different from the estimated costs provided in this report, and the possibility that the actual changes in net interest income from the mortgage banking segment, mortgage origination revenue from the mortgage banking segment, mortgage servicing revenue from the mortgage banking segment, and non-interest expense from the mortgage banking segment resulting from our exiting the mortgage banking business will be materially different from the estimated changes provided in this report; the possibility that our mortgage banking business may experience increased volatility in its revenues and earnings and the possibility that the profitability of our mortgage banking business could be significantly reduced, both before and after the discontinuation of the mortgage banking business, the credit risks of lending activities, including changes in the level and trend of loan delinquencies and charge-offs and changes in our allowance for loan losses and provision for loan losses that may be impacted by deterioration in the residential and commercial real estate markets and may lead to increased losses and non-performing assets and may result in our allowance for loan losses not being adequate to cover actual losses and require us to materially increase our reserve; changes in general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas; changes in the levels of general interest rates, and the relative differences between short and long term interest rates, deposit interest rates, our net interest margin and funding sources; fluctuations in the demand for loans, the number of unsold homes, land and other properties and fluctuations in real estate values in our market areas; secondary market conditions for loans and our ability to sell loans in the secondary market; results of examinations of the Corporation by the FRB or of the Bank by the OCC or other regulatory authorities, including the possibility that any such regulatory authority may, among other things, require us to enter into a formal enforcement action or to increase our allowance for loan losses, write-down assets, change our regulatory capital position or affect our ability to borrow funds or maintain or increase deposits, or impose additional requirements and restrictions on us, any of which could adversely affect our liquidity and earnings; legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business including changes in regulatory policies and principles, including the interpretation of regulatory capital or other rules, including as a result of Basel III; the impact of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the implementing regulations; the availability of resources to address changes in laws, rules, or regulations or to respond to regulatory actions; adverse changes in the securities markets; our ability to attract and retain deposits; increases in premiums for deposit insurance; our ability to control operating costs and expenses; the use of estimates in determining fair value of certain of our assets, which estimates may prove to be incorrect and result in significant declines in valuation; difficulties in reducing risk associated with the loans on our balance sheet; staffing fluctuations in response to product demand or the implementation of corporate strategies that affect our workforce and potential associated charges; disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our information technology systems or on the third-party vendors who perform several of our critical processing functions; our ability to implement our branch expansion strategy; our ability to successfully integrate any assets, liabilities, customers, systems, and management personnel we have acquired or may in the future acquire into our operations and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames and any goodwill charges related thereto; our ability to
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manage loan delinquency rates; our ability to retain key members of our senior management team; costs and effects of litigation, including settlements and judgments; increased competitive pressures among financial services companies; changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits; the availability of resources to address changes in laws, rules, or regulations or to respond to regulatory actions; our ability to pay dividends on our common stock; adverse changes in the securities markets; the inability of key third-party providers to perform their obligations to us; changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the financial institution regulatory agencies or the Financial Accounting Standards Board, including additional guidance and interpretation on accounting issues and details of the implementation of new accounting methods; war or terrorist activities; and other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, and technological factors affecting our operations, pricing, products and services and other risks detailed in this report and in the Corporation's other reports filed with or furnished to the SEC. These developments could have an adverse impact on our financial position and our results of operations. Forward-looking statements are based upon management's beliefs and assumptions at the time they are made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements included in this document or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those contained in such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking statements discussed in this document might not occur, and you should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.
Critical Accounting Policies
The discussion and analysis of the Corporation's financial condition and results of operations is based upon the Corporation's condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
The Corporation's critical accounting policies are described in the Corporation's 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018 in the Critical Accounting Policies section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in Note 1 - Organization and Significant Accounting Policies. There have been no significant changes during the six months ended December 31, 2018 to the critical accounting policies as described in the Corporation's 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended June 30, 2018.
Executive Summary and Operating Strategy
Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B., established in 1956, is a financial services company committed to serving consumers and small to mid-sized businesses in the Inland Empire region of Southern California. The Bank conducts its business operations as Provident Bank, Provident Bank Mortgage, a division of the Bank, and through its subsidiary, Provident Financial Corp. The business activities of the Corporation, primarily through the Bank and its subsidiary, consist of community banking, mortgage banking and, to a lesser degree, investment services for customers and trustee services on behalf of the Bank.
Community banking operations primarily consist of accepting deposits from customers within the communities surrounding the Corporation's full service offices and investing those funds in single-family, multi-family and commercial real estate loans. Also, to a lesser extent, the Corporation makes construction, commercial business, consumer and other mortgage loans. The primary source of income in community banking is net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on loans and investment securities, and the interest expense paid on interest-bearing deposits and borrowed funds. Additionally, certain fees are collected from depositors, such as returned check fees, deposit account service charges, ATM fees, IRA/KEOGH fees, safe deposit box fees, wire transfer fees and overdraft protection fees, among others.
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During the next three years, subject to market conditions, the Corporation intends to improve its community banking business by moderately increasing total assets; by increasing single-family mortgage loans and higher yielding loans (i.e., multi-family, commercial real estate, construction and commercial business loans). In addition, the Corporation intends to decrease the percentage of time deposits in its deposit base and to increase the percentage of lower cost checking and savings accounts. This strategy is intended to improve core revenue through a higher net interest margin and ultimately, coupled with the growth of the Corporation, an increase in net interest income. While the Corporation's long-term strategy is for moderate growth, management recognizes that growth may not occur as a result of weaknesses in general economic conditions.
Mortgage banking operations primarily consist of the origination and sale of mortgage loans secured by single-family residences. The primary sources of income in mortgage banking are gain on sale of loans and certain fees collected from borrowers in connection with the loan origination process. The Corporation will continue to modify its operations, including the number of mortgage banking personnel, in response to the rapidly changing mortgage banking environment. Changes may include a different product mix, further tightening of underwriting standards, variations in its operating expenses or a combination of these and other changes.
Provident Financial Corp performs trustee services for the Bank's real estate secured loan transactions and has in the past held, and may in the future hold, real estate for investment. Investment services operations primarily consist of selling alternative investment products such as annuities and mutual funds to the Bank's depositors. Investment services and trustee services contribute a very small percentage of gross revenue.
There are a number of risks associated with the business activities of the Corporation, many of which are beyond the Corporation's control, including: changes in accounting principles, laws, regulation, interest rates and the economy, among others. The Corporation attempts to mitigate many of these risks through prudent banking practices, such as interest rate risk management, credit risk management, operational risk management, and liquidity risk management. The California economic environment presents heightened risk for the Corporation primarily with respect to real estate values and loan delinquencies. Since the majority of the Corporation's loans are secured by real estate located within California, significant declines in the value of California real estate may also inhibit the Corporation's ability to recover on defaulted loans by selling the underlying real estate.
Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
Commitments and Derivative Financial Instruments. The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, in the form of originating loans or providing funds under existing lines of credit, loan sale agreements to third parties and option contracts. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest-rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Corporation's exposure to credit loss, in the event of non-performance by the counterparty to these financial instruments, is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. The Corporation uses the same credit policies in entering into financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. For a discussion on commitments and derivative financial instruments, see Note 7 of the Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Contractual Obligations. The following table summarizes the Corporation's contractual obligations at December 31, 2018 and the effect these obligations are expected to have on the Corporation's liquidity and cash flows in future periods:

| Payments Due by Period
(In Thousands) | Less than 1 year | 1 to less than 3 years | 3 to 5 years | Over 5 years | Total
Operating obligations | $ | 2,392 |  | $ | 4,383 |  | $ | 1,667 |  | $ | 640 |  | $ | 9,082 |
Pension benefits | 253 |  | 505 |  | 505 |  | 6,282 |  | 7,545 |
Time deposits | 123,764 |  | 78,701 |  | 24,035 |  | 945 |  | 227,445 |
FHLB – San Francisco advances | 12,713 |  | 35,594 |  | 32,695 |  | 40,755 |  | 121,757 |
FHLB – San Francisco letter of credit | 10,000 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 10,000 |
FHLB – San Francisco MPF credit enhancement (1) | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,458 |  | 2,458 |
Total | $ | 149,122 |  | $ | 119,183 |  | $ | 58,902 |  | $ | 51,080 |  | $ | 378,287 |

(1) | Represents the potential future obligation for loans previously sold by the Bank to the FHLB – San Francisco under its Mortgage Partnership Finance ("MPF") program. As of December 31, 2018, the Bank serviced $10.9 million of loans under this program. The estimated amounts by period are based on historical loss experience.

The expected obligation for time deposits and FHLB – San Francisco advances include anticipated interest accruals based on the respective contractual terms.
Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018
Total assets decreased $48.4 million, or four percent, to $1.13 billion at December 31, 2018 from $1.18 billion at June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreases in loans held for investment, loans held for sale and investment securities, partly offset by an increase in cash and cash equivalents.
Total cash and cash equivalents, primarily excess cash deposited with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, increased $24.1 million, or 56 percent, to $67.4 million at December 31, 2018 from $43.3 million at June 30, 2018. The increase in the total cash and cash equivalents was primarily attributable to the decreases in loans held for sale, loans held for investment and investment securities, partly offset by the payoff of short-term borrowings and time deposits that matured during the first six months of fiscal 2019.
Investment securities (held to maturity and available for sale) decreased $3.7 million, or four percent, to $91.6 million at December 31, 2018 from $95.3 million at June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily the result of scheduled and accelerated principal payments on mortgage-backed securities, partly offset by investment security purchases during the first six months of fiscal 2019. For further analysis on investment securities, see Note 5 of the Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q.
Loans held for investment decreased $27.3 million, or three percent, to $875.4 million at December 31, 2018 from $902.7 million at June 30, 2018, primarily due to a $29.0 million or six percent decline in multi-family loans. During the first six months of fiscal 2019, the Corporation originated $71.4 million of loans held for investment, consisting primarily of single-family and multi-family loans and also purchased $4.6 million in multi-family loans held for investment. Total loan principal payments during the first six months of fiscal 2019 were $104.1 million, up three percent from $100.8 million during the comparable period in fiscal 2018. Single-family loans held for investment decreased $2.3 million, or one percent, to $312.5 million at December 31, 2018 from $314.8 million at June 30, 2018, and represented approximately 36 percent and 35 percent of loans held for investment, respectively.
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The tables below describe the geographic dispersion of gross real estate secured loans held for investment at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, as a percentage of the total dollar amount outstanding:
As of December 31, 2018

(Dollars In Thousands) |  | Inland Empire |  |  | Southern California (1) |  |  | Other California |  |  | Other States |  |  | Total |  |
Loan Category |  | Balance |  | % |  |  | Balance |  | % |  |  | Balance |  | % |  |  | Balance |  | % |  |  | Balance |  | % |  |
Single-family | $ | 109,742 |  | 35 | % | $ | 146,372 |  | 47 | % | $ | 55,334 |  | 18 | % | $ | 1,051 |  | — | % | $ | 312,499 |  | 100 | % |
Multi-family | 72,201 |  | 16 | % | 267,774 |  | 60 | % | 106,726 |  | 24 | % | 332 |  | — | % | 447,033 |  | 100 | % |
Commercial real estate | 32,224 |  | 29 | % | 52,928 |  | 47 | % | 27,678 |  | 24 | % | — |  | — | % | 112,830 |  | 100 | % |
Construction | 139 |  | 4 | % | 3,404 |  | 85 | % | 443 |  | 11 | % | — |  | — | % | 3,986 |  | 100 | % |
Other | — |  | — | % | — |  | — | % | 167 |  | 100 | % | — |  | — | % | 167 |  | 100 | % |
Total | $ | 214,306 |  | 24 | % | $ | 470,4781 |  | 54 | % | $ | 190,348 |  | 22 | % | $ | 1,383 |  | — | % | $ | 876,515 |  | 100 | % |

(1) | Other than the Inland Empire.

As of June 30, 2018

(Dollars In Thousands) |  | Inland Empire |  |  | Southern California (1) |  |  | Other California |  |  | Other States |  |  | Total |  |
Loan Category |  | Balance |  | % |  |  | Balance |  | % |  |  | Balance |  | % |  |  | Balance |  | % |  |  | Balance |  | % |  |
Single-family | $ | 110,510 |  | 35 | % | $ | 149,261 |  | 48 | % | $ | 53,960 |  | 17 | % | $ | 1,077 |  | — | % | $ | 314,808 |  | 100 | % |
Multi-family | 76,473 |  | 16 | % | 287,174 |  | 60 | % | 109,684 |  | 23 | % | 2,677 |  | 1 | % | 476,008 |  | 100 | % |
Commercial real estate | 32,224 |  | 29 | % | 47,903 |  | 44 | % | 29,599 |  | 27 | % | — |  | — | % | 109,726 |  | 100 | % |
Construction | 49 |  | 1 | % | 2,685 |  | 85 | % | 440 |  | 14 | % | — |  | — | % | 3,174 |  | 100 | % |
Other | — |  | — | % | — |  | — | % | 167 |  | 100 | % | — |  | — | % | 167 |  | 100 | % |
Total | $ | 219,256 |  | 24 | % | $ | 487,0231 |  | 54 | % | $ | 193,850 |  | 21 | % | $ | 3,754 |  | 1 | % | $ | 903,883 |  | 100 | % |

(1) | Other than the Inland Empire.

Loans held for sale decreased $38.7 million, or 40 percent, to $57.6 million at December 31, 2018 from $96.3 million at June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the loan origination for sale volume and the timing difference between loan fundings and loan sale settlements. Total loans originated for sale during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 was $146.4 million as compared to $241.6 million during the quarter ended June 30, 2018.
Total deposits decreased $34.7 million, or four percent, to $872.9 million at December 31, 2018 from $907.6 million at June 30, 2018. Transaction accounts decreased $20.8 million, or three percent, to $649.2 million at December 31, 2018 from $670.0 million at June 30, 2018, while time deposits decreased $13.9 million, or six percent, to $223.7 million at December 31, 2018 from $237.6 million at June 30, 2018 consistent with the Bank's strategy to decrease the percentage of time deposits in its deposit base.
Total borrowings decreased $15.1 million, or 12 percent, to $111.1 million at December 31, 2018 as compared to $126.2 million at June 30, 2018, due to the maturity of short-term borrowings. The borrowings were primarily comprised of long-term FHLB - San Francisco advances used for interest rate risk management purposes.
Total stockholders' equity increased $2.2 million, or two percent, to $122.7 million at December 31, 2018 from $120.5 million at June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of net income of $3.8 million and the amortization of stock-based compensation benefits
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during the first six months of fiscal 2019, partly offset by $2.1 million of quarterly cash dividends paid to shareholders and stock repurchases from restricted stock recipients to fund their withholding tax obligations.
Comparison of Operating Results for the Quarters and Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
The Corporation's net income for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 was $2.0 million, a substantial improvement as compared to the net loss of $777,000 in the same period of fiscal 2018. Compared to the same quarter last year, the increase in earnings was primarily attributable to (a) the one-time, non-cash, net tax charge of $1.8 million, or $(0.24) per diluted share, from the net deferred tax assets revaluation in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 required by the Tax Act which lowered the federal corporate income tax rate (not replicated this quarter), (b) the $650,000 litigation reserve which, net of tax benefit, reduced net results by approximately $(0.06) per diluted share in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 (not replicated this quarter), (c) a $1.1 million increase in net interest income, a $1.4 million decrease in salaries and employee benefits expense and the application of the statutory income tax rate (federal tax rate and state tax rate) of 29.56% this quarter as compared to the blended tax rate of 35.86% in the same quarter last year; partly offset by a $2.0 million decrease in the gain on sale of loans.
For the first six months of fiscal 2018, the Corporation's net income was $3.8 million, an increase of $4.8 million, or 480 percent, from a net loss of $1.0 million in the same period of fiscal 2018. Compared to the same period last year, the increase in earnings was primarily attributable to (a) the one-time, non-cash, net tax charge of $1.8 million, or $(0.24) per diluted share, from the net deferred tax assets revaluation required by the Tax Act consistent with the lower corporate federal income tax rate applied in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 (not replicated this period), (b) the $3.4 million litigation reserve which, net of tax benefit, reduced net results by approximately $(0.29) per diluted share in the first six months of fiscal 2018 (not replicated this period), (c) a $1.3 million increase in net interest income, a $2.4 million decrease in salaries and employee benefits expense and the application of the statutory income tax rate of 29.56% this current period as compared to the blended tax rate of 35.86% in the same period last year; partly offset by a $3.8 million decrease in the gain on sale of loans.
The Corporation's efficiency ratio, defined as non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income, improved to 81 percent for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from 91 percent in the same period of fiscal 2018. For the first six months of fiscal 2019, the Corporation's efficiency ratio improved to 83 percent from 97 percent for the same period of fiscal 2018.
Return (loss) on average assets increased 96 basis points to 0.69 percent in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from (0.27) percent in the same period last year. For the first six months of fiscal 2019, return (loss) on average assets was 0.66 percent, up 83 basis points from (0.17) percent in the same period last year.
Return (loss) on average equity increased to 6.42 percent in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from (2.50) percent in the same period last year. For the first six months of fiscal 2019, return (loss) on average equity was 6.22 percent compared to (1.59) percent for the same period last year.
Diluted earnings (loss) per share for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 were $0.26, a significant improvement from $(0.10) in the same period last year. For the first six months of fiscal 2019, diluted earnings (loss) per share were $0.50, a 485 percent increase from $(0.13) in the same period last year.
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Net Interest Income:
For the Quarters Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Net interest income increased by $1.1 million, or 12 percent, to $9.8 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 as compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, as a result of a higher net interest margin, partly offset by a lower average interest-earning asset balance. The net interest margin increased 46 basis points to 3.54 percent in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from 3.08 percent in the same period of fiscal 2018, primarily due to an increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets, partly offset by a slight increase in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest margin in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 was augmented by $159,000 of previously unrecognized loan interest income resulting from the payoff of two non-performing loans and the $133,000 special cash dividend received on FHLB San Francisco stock, which increased the net interest margin by approximately 10 basis points for the quarter. The weighted-average yield on interest-earning assets increased by 48 basis points to 4.12 percent in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from 3.64 percent in the same quarter last year, while the weighted-average cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased by two basis points to 0.64 percent for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 as compared to 0.62 percent in the same quarter last year. The increase in the average yield of interest-earning assets was primarily due to an increase in the average yield of all interest-earning assets, particularly in loans receivable and FHLB – San Francisco stock as a result of the payment of the special cash dividend. The average balance of interest-earning assets decreased $27.7 million, or two percent, to $1.11 billion in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from $1.14 billion in the comparable period of fiscal 2018, primarily reflecting a decrease in the average balance of loans receivable, partly offset by increases in the average balance of investment securities and interest-earning deposits. The average balance of interest-bearing liabilities decreased by $27.0 million, or three percent, to $1.00 billion in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from $1.03 billion in the same quarter last year.
For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Net interest income increased $1.3 million, or seven percent, to $19.2 million for the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $17.9 million for the comparable period in fiscal 2018, due to a higher net interest margin, partly offset by a lower average interest-earning assets balance. The net interest margin was 3.42 percent in the first six months of fiscal 2019, up 30 basis points from 3.12 percent in the same period of fiscal 2018, primarily due to an increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets, partly offset by a slight increase in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest margin in the six months of fiscal 2019 was augmented by $176,000 of previously unrecognized loan interest income resulting from the payoff of three non-performing loans and the $133,000 special cash dividend received on FHLB San Francisco stock, which increased the net interest margin by approximately six basis points for the period. The weighted-average yield on interest-earning assets increased by 31 basis points to 4.00 percent, while the weighted-average cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased by two basis points to 0.64 percent for the first six months of fiscal 2019 as compared to the same period last year. The average balance of interest-earning assets decreased $22.2 million, or two percent, to $1.12 billion in the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $1.14 billion in the comparable period of fiscal 2018, primarily reflecting a decrease in the average balance of loans receivable, partly offset by increases in the average balance of investment securities and interest earning deposits. The average balance of interest-bearing liabilities decreased by $20.7 million, or two percent, to $1.01 billion in the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $1.03 billion in the same period last year.
Interest Income:
For the Quarters Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Total interest income increased by $1.1 million, or 10 percent, to $11.4 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 as compared to the same quarter of fiscal 2018. The increase was primarily due to an increase in interest income of all interest-earning assets, particularly in loans receivable.
Interest income on loans receivable increased $596,000, or six percent, to $10.3 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 as compared to the same quarter of fiscal 2018. This increase was attributable to a higher average loan yield reflecting the rise in interest rates over the last year, partly offset by a lower average loan balance. The average loans receivable yield during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 increased 46 basis points to 4.39 percent from 3.93 percent during the same quarter last year, primarily due to increases in the average yield of loans held for investment and the average yield of loans held for sale with a lower percentage of loans held for sale to total loans receivable. The average yield on loans receivable in the second quarter of
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fiscal 2019 includes $159,000 of previously unrecognized interest income resulting from the payoff of two non-performing loans, which increased the yield by approximately seven basis points for the quarter. The average balance of loans receivable decreased by $49.7 million, or five percent, to $941.2 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from $990.9 million in the same quarter of fiscal 2018, primarily due to a decrease in average loans held for sale attributable to a decrease in mortgage banking activity and, to a lesser extent, a decrease in average loans held for investment.
Loans receivable is comprised of loans held for investment and loans held for sale. The average balance of loans held for investment decreased $12.0 million, or one percent, to $878.2 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from $890.2 million in the same quarter of fiscal 2018. The average yield on the loans held for investment increased by 43 basis points to 4.36 percent in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from 3.93 percent in the same quarter of fiscal 2018. The average balance of loans held for sale, however, decreased $37.7 million, or 37 percent, to $63.0 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from $100.7 million in the same quarter of fiscal 2018. The average yield on the loans held for sale increased by 95 basis points to 4.86 percent in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from 3.91 percent in the same quarter of fiscal 2018.
Interest income from investment securities increased $125,000, or 39 percent, to $444,000 in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from $319,000 for the same quarter of fiscal 2018. This increase was attributable to a higher average yield and, to a lesser extent, a higher average balance. The average investment securities yield increased 46 basis points to 1.90 percent in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from 1.44 percent in the same quarter of fiscal 2018. The increase in the average investment securities yield was primarily attributable to the purchases of investment securities which had higher average yields than the existing portfolio and the repricing of adjustable mortgage-backed securities to higher interest rates, partly offset by accelerated amortization of purchase premiums resulting from accelerated principal payments. The average balance of investment securities increased $4.9 million, or six percent, to $93.5 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from $88.6 million in the same quarter of fiscal 2018. The increase in the average balance of investment securities was primarily the result of purchases of mortgage-backed securities, partly offset by scheduled and accelerated principal payments on mortgage-backed securities.
The FHLB – San Francisco cash dividend received in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 was $278,000, up 94 percent from $143,000 in the same quarter of fiscal 2018, primarily attributable to a special cash dividend of $133,000 received in December 2018. As a result, the average yield increased to 13.56 percent in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 as compared to 7.05 percent in the comparable quarter last year.
Interest income from interest-earning deposits, primarily cash deposited at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, was $387,000 in the second quarter of fiscal 2019, up 130 percent from $168,000 in the same quarter of fiscal 2018. The increase was due to a higher average yield, and to a lesser extent, a higher average balance in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 as compared to the same quarter last year. The average yield earned on interest-earning deposits increased 93 basis points to 2.23 percent in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from 1.30 percent in the comparable quarter last year, due primarily to the increases in the targeted federal funds rate over the last year. The average balance of the interest-earning deposits in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 was $67.8 million, an increase of $17.1 million or 34 percent, from $50.7 million in the same quarter of fiscal 2018. The increase in the average balance of interest-earning deposits was primarily due to the decreases in loans held for investment and loans held for sale, partly offset by an increase in investment securities and a decrease in deposits.
For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Total interest income increased by $1.3 million, or six percent, to $22.4 million for the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $21.1 million in the same period of fiscal 2018. The increase was primarily due to an increase in interest income of all interest-earning assets, particularly in loans receivable.
Loans receivable interest income increased $613,000, or three percent, to $20.5 million in the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $19.9 million for the same period of fiscal 2018. The increase was attributable to a higher average loan yield reflecting the rise in interest rates over the last year, partly offset by a lower average loan balance in the first six months of fiscal 2019 in comparison to the same period last year. The average loan yield, including loans held for sale, during the first six months of fiscal 2019 increased 32 basis points to 4.30 percent from 3.98 percent in the same period last year. The average yield on loans
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receivable in the first six months of fiscal 2019 includes $176,000 of previously unrecognized interest income resulting from the payoff of three non-performing loans, which increased the yield by approximately four basis points for the first six months of fiscal 2019; while in the same period of fiscal 2018, it includes $118,000 of previously unrecognized interest income resulting from the payoff of two non-performing loans, which increased the yield by approximately two basis points for the first six months of fiscal 2018. The average balance of loans receivable, including loans held for sale, decreased $45.1 million to $954.1 million for the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $999.2 million in the same period of fiscal 2018.
Loans receivable is comprised of loans held for investment and loans held for sale. The average balance of loans held for investment decreased $13.5 million, or two percent, to $885.5 million during the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $899.0 million in the same period of fiscal 2018. The average yield on the loans held for investment increased by 28 basis points to 4.27 percent in the first six months of fiscal 2019 from 3.99 percent in the same period of fiscal 2018. The average balance of loans held for sale decreased by $31.6 million, or 32 percent, to $68.6 million during the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $100.2 million in the same period of fiscal 2018. The average yield on the loans held for sale increased by 79 basis points to 4.71 percent in the first six months of fiscal 2019 from 3.92 percent in the same period of fiscal 2018.
Interest income from investment securities increased $213,000, or 37 percent, to $789,000 in the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $576,000 for the same period of fiscal 2018. This increase was attributable to a higher average yield and, to a lesser extent, a higher average balance. The average investment securities yield increased 31 basis points to 1.71 percent in the first six months of fiscal 2019 from 1.40 percent in the same period of fiscal 2018. The increase in the average investment securities yield was primarily attributable to the purchases of investment securities which had higher average yields than the existing portfolio and the repricing of adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities to higher interest rates, partly offset by accelerated amortization of purchase premiums resulting from accelerated principal payments. The average balance of investment securities increased $10.4 million, or 13 percent, to $92.4 million in the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $82.0 million in the same period of fiscal 2018. The increase in the average balance of investment securities was primarily the result of purchases of mortgage-backed securities, partly offset by scheduled and accelerated principal payments on mortgage-backed securities.
The FHLB – San Francisco cash dividend received in the first six months of fiscal 2019 was $421,000, up 48 percent from $284,000 in the same period of fiscal 2018, primarily attributable to a special cash dividend of $133,000 received in December 2018. As a result, the average yield increased to 10.27 percent in the first six months of fiscal 2019 as compared to 7.01 percent in the comparable period last year.
Interest income from interest-earning deposits, primarily cash deposited at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, was $725,000 in the first six months of fiscal 2019, up 103 percent from $358,000 in the same period of fiscal 2018. The increase was due to a higher average yield and, to a lesser extent, a higher average balance in the first six months of fiscal 2019 as compared to the same period last year. The average yield increased 83 basis points to 2.10 percent in the first six months of fiscal 2019 from 1.27 percent in the comparable period last year, due primarily to the increases in the targeted federal funds rate over the last year. The average balance of the interest-earning deposits in the first six months of fiscal 2019 was $67.6 million, an increase of $12.5 million or 23 percent, from $55.1 million in the same period of fiscal 2018. The increase in average balance of interest-earning deposits was primarily due to the decreases in loans held for investment and loans held for sale, partly offset by an increase in investment securities and a decrease in deposits.
Interest Expense:
For the Quarters Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Total interest expense remained virtually unchanged at $1.6 million for both the second quarters of fiscal 2019 and 2018.
Interest expense on deposits for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 was $894,000 as compared to $886,000 for the same period last year, an increase of $8,000, or one percent. The increase in interest expense on deposits was primarily attributable to a slightly higher average cost of deposits, mostly offset by a lower average balance. The average cost of deposits remained
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relatively stable, increasing two basis points to 0.40 percent during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from 0.38 percent during the same quarter last year. The increase in the average cost of deposits was attributable primarily to a higher average cost of time deposits, partly offset by a lower percentage of time deposits to the total deposit balance. The average balance of deposits decreased $26.6 million, or three percent, to $889.6 million during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 from $916.2 million during the same period last year. The decrease in the average balance was primarily attributable to a decrease in time deposits. Strategically, the Corporation has been promoting transaction accounts and competing less aggressively for time deposits. The average balance of transaction accounts to total deposits in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 was 74 percent, compared to 72 percent in the same period of fiscal 2018.
Interest expense on borrowings, consisting of FHLB – San Francisco advances, for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 decreased $13,000, or two percent, to $715,000 from $728,000 for the same period last year. The decrease in interest expense on borrowings was the result of a lower average cost and, to a lesser extent, a lower average balance. The average cost of borrowings decreased four basis points to 2.55 percent for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 from 2.59 percent in the same quarter last year. The decrease in the average cost of borrowings was primarily due to the maturity of a long-term advance which was renewed at a lower interest rate in the third quarter of fiscal 2018. The average balance of borrowings decreased slightly to $111.1 million during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 from $111.5 million during the same period last year, primarily due to principal payments of borrowings.
For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Total interest expense for the first six months of fiscal 2019 increased only $11,000 as compared to the same period last year. This slight increase was attributable to a higher interest expense on borrowings, partly offset by a lower interest expense on deposits.
Interest expense on deposits for the first six months of fiscal 2019 was relatively unchanged at $1.8 million as compared to the same period last year, a slight decrease of $3,000. The slight decrease in interest expense on deposits was primarily attributable to a lower average balance, partly offset by a higher average cost of deposits. The average balance of deposits decreased $23.4 million, or three percent, to $896.2 million during the six months ended December 31, 2018 from $919.6 million during the same period last year. The decrease in the average balance was primarily attributable to a decrease in time deposits, partly offset by an increase in transaction accounts. The average cost of deposits increased one basis point to 0.39 percent during the first six months of fiscal 2019 from 0.38 percent during the same period last year. The increase in the average cost of deposits was attributable primarily to a higher average cost of time deposits, partly offset by a lower percentage of time deposits to the total deposit balance. The average balance of transaction accounts to total deposits in the first six months of fiscal 2019 was 74 percent, compared to 72 percent in the same period of fiscal 2018.
Interest expense on borrowings, consisting of FHLB – San Francisco advances, for the first six months of fiscal 2019 increased $14,000, or one percent, to $1.5 million as compared to the same period last year. The increase in interest expense on borrowings was the result of a higher average balance, partly offset by a lower average cost. The average balance of borrowings increased by $2.8 million, or two percent, to $115.6 million during the six months ended December 31, 2018 from $112.8 million during the same period last year, primarily due to additional short-term borrowings at lower average cost. The average cost of borrowings decreased three basis points to 2.54 percent for the six months ended December 31, 2018 from 2.57 percent in the same period last year.
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The following tables present the average balance sheets for the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively:
Average Balance Sheets

| Quarter Ended December 31, 2018 |  | Quarter Ended December 31, 2017
(Dollars In Thousands) | Average Balance | Interest | Yield/ Cost |  | Average Balance | Interest | Yield/ Cost
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans receivable, net (1) | $ | 941,192 |  | $ | 10,331 |  | 4.39 | % |  | $ | 990,906 |  | $ | 9,735 |  | 3.93 | %
Investment securities | 93,468 |  | 444 |  | 1.90 | % |  | 88,588 |  | 319 |  | 1.44 | %
FHLB – San Francisco stock | 8,199 |  | 278 |  | 13.56 | % |  | 8,108 |  | 143 |  | 7.05 | %
Interest-earning deposits | 67,760 |  | 387 |  | 2.23 | % |  | 50,725 |  | 168 |  | 1.30 | %
Total interest-earning assets | 1,110,619 |  | 11,440 |  | 4.12 | % |  | 1,138,327 |  | 10,365 |  | 3.64 | %
Non interest-earning assets | 31,683 |  |  |  |  | 33,498 |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 1,142,302 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,171,825 |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Checking and money market accounts (2) | $ | 379,752 |  | $ | 117 |  | 0.12 | % |  | $ | 373,632 |  | $ | 112 |  | 0.12 | %
Savings accounts | 282,410 |  | 147 |  | 0.21 | % |  | 289,990 |  | 149 |  | 0.20 | %
Time deposits | 227,395 |  | 630 |  | 1.10 | % |  | 252,588 |  | 625 |  | 0.98 | %
Total deposits | 889,557 |  | 894 |  | 0.40 | % |  | 916,210 |  | 886 |  | 0.38 | %
Borrowings | 111,141 |  | 715 |  | 2.55 | % |  | 111,521 |  | 728 |  | 2.59 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 1,000,698 |  | 1,609 |  | 0.64 | % |  | 1,027,731 |  | 1,614 |  | 0.62 | %
Non interest-bearing liabilities | 19,587 |  |  |  |  | 19,932 |  |  |
Total liabilities | 1,020,285 |  |  |  |  | 1,047,663 |  |  |
Stockholders' equity | 122,017 |  |  |  |  | 124,162 |  |  |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 1,142,302 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,171,825 |  |  |
Net interest income |  | $ | 9,831 |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,751 |  |
Interest rate spread (3) |  |  | 3.48 | % |  |  |  | 3.02 | %
Net interest margin (4) |  |  | 3.54 | % |  |  |  | 3.08 | %
Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 110.98 | % |  |  |  | 110.76 | %
Return (loss) on average assets |  |  | 0.69 | % |  |  |  | (0.27) | %
Return (loss) on average equity |  |  | 6.42 | % |  |  |  | (2.50) | %

(1) | Includes loans held for sale and non-performing loans, as well as net deferred loan cost amortization of $268 and $409 for the quarters ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(2) | Includes the average balance of non interest-bearing checking accounts of $82.8 million and $78.6 million during the quarters ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(3) | Represents the difference between the weighted-average yield on all interest-earning assets and the weighted-average rate on all interest-bearing liabilities.

(4) | Represents net interest income before provision for loan losses as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

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| Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 |  | Six Months Ended December 31, 2017
(Dollars In Thousands) | Average Balance | Interest | Yield/ Cost |  | Average Balance | Interest | Yield/ Cost
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans receivable, net (1) | $ | 954,148 |  | $ | 20,505 |  | 4.30 | % |  | $ | 999,242 |  | $ | 19,892 |  | 3.98 | %
Investment securities | 92,384 |  | 789 |  | 1.71 | % |  | 82,029 |  | 576 |  | 1.40 | %
FHLB – San Francisco stock | 8,199 |  | 421 |  | 10.27 | % |  | 8,108 |  | 284 |  | 7.01 | %
Interest-earning deposits | 67,552 |  | 725 |  | 2.10 | % |  | 55,085 |  | 358 |  | 1.27 | %
Total interest-earning assets | 1,122,283 |  | 22,440 |  | 4.00 | % |  | 1,144,464 |  | 21,110 |  | 3.69 | %
Non interest-earning assets | 30,982 |  |  |  |  | 32,514 |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 1,153,265 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,176,978 |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Checking and money market accounts (2) | $ | 378,702 |  | $ | 225 |  | 0.12 | % |  | $ | 373,425 |  | $ | 215 |  | 0.11 | %
Savings accounts | 285,441 |  | 298 |  | 0.21 | % |  | 288,347 |  | 298 |  | 0.21 | %
Time deposits | 232,074 |  | 1,251 |  | 1.07 | % |  | 257,856 |  | 1,264 |  | 0.97 | %
Total deposits | 896,217 |  | 1,774 |  | 0.39 | % |  | 919,628 |  | 1,777 |  | 0.38 | %
Borrowings | 115,577 |  | 1,478 |  | 2.54 | % |  | 112,834 |  | 1,464 |  | 2.57 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 1,011,794 |  | 3,252 |  | 0.64 | % |  | 1,032,462 |  | 3,241 |  | 0.62 | %
Non interest-bearing liabilities | 19,960 |  |  |  |  | 18,408 |  |  |
Total liabilities | 1,031,754 |  |  |  |  | 1,050,870 |  |  |
Stockholders' equity | 121,511 |  |  |  |  | 126,108 |  |  |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 1,153,265 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,176,978 |  |  |
Net interest income |  | $ | 19,188 |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,869 |  |
Interest rate spread (3) |  |  | 3.36 | % |  |  |  | 3.07 | %
Net interest margin (4) |  |  | 3.42 | % |  |  |  | 3.12 | %
Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 110.92 | % |  |  |  | 110.85 | %
Return (loss) on average assets |  |  | 0.66 | % |  |  |  | (0.17) | %
Return (loss) on average equity |  |  | 6.22 | % |  |  |  | (1.59) | %

(1) | Includes loans held for sale and non-performing loans, as well as net deferred loan cost amortization of $644 and $616 for the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(2) | Includes the average balance of non interest-bearing checking accounts of $82.5 million and $79.1 million during the six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(3) | Represents the difference between the weighted-average yield on all interest-earning assets and the weighted-average rate on all interest-bearing liabilities.

(4) | Represents net interest income before provision for loan losses as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

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The following tables set forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on interest income and expense for the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Information is provided with respect to the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate), the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume) and the effects attributable to changes that cannot be allocated between rate and volume.
Rate/Volume Variance

| Quarter Ended December 31, 2018 Compared To Quarter Ended December 31, 2017 Increase (Decrease) Due to
(In Thousands) | Rate | Volume | Rate/ Volume | Net
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |
Loans receivable (1) | $ | 1,141 |  | $ | (488 | ) | $ | (57 | ) | $ | 596 |
Investment securities | 101 |  | 18 |  | 6 |  | 125 |
FHLB – San Francisco stock | 132 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 135 |
Interest-earning deposits | 124 |  | 55 |  | 40 |  | 219 |
Total net change in income on interest-earning assets | 1,498 |  | (413 | ) | (10 | ) | 1,075 |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |
Checking and money market accounts | — |  | 5 |  | — |  | 5 |
Savings accounts | 2 |  | (4 | ) | — |  | (2 | )
Time deposits | 75 |  | (62 | ) | (8 | ) | 5 |
Borrowings | (11 | ) | (2 | ) | — |  | (13 | )
Total net change in expense on interest-bearing liabilities | 66 |  | (63 | ) | (8 | ) | (5 | )
Net increase (decrease) in net interest income | $ | 1,432 |  | $ | (350 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 1,080 |

(1) | Includes loans held for sale and non-performing loans. For purposes of calculating volume, rate and rate/volume variances, non-performing loans were included in the weighted-average balance outstanding.

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| Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 Compared To Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 Increase (Decrease) Due to
(In Thousands) | Rate | Volume | Rate/ Volume | Net
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |
Loans receivable (1) | $ | 1,582 |  | $ | (897 | ) | $ | (72 | ) | $ | (613 | )
Investment securities | 125 |  | 72 |  | 16 |  | 213 |
FHLB – San Francisco stock | 133 |  | 3 |  | 1 |  | 137 |
Interest-bearing deposits | 236 |  | 79 |  | 52 |  | 367 |
Total net change in income on interest-earning assets | 2,076 |  | (743 | ) | (3 | ) | 1,330 |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |
Checking and money market accounts | 7 |  | 3 |  | — |  | 10 |
Savings accounts | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Time deposits | 126 |  | (126 | ) | (13 | ) | (13 | )
Borrowings | (22 | ) | 36 |  | — |  | 14 |
Total net change in expense on interest-bearing liabilities | 111 |  | (87 | ) | (13 | ) | 11 |
Net increase (decrease) in net interest income | $ | 1,965 |  | $ | (656 | ) | $ | 10 |  | $ | 1,319 |

(1) | Includes loans held for sale and non-performing loans. For purposes of calculating volume, rate and rate/volume variances, non-performing loans were included in the weighted-average balance outstanding.

Provision (Recovery) for Loan Losses:
For the Quarters Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. During the second quarter of fiscal 2019, the Corporation recorded a recovery from the allowance for loan losses of $217,000, compared to a recovery from the allowance for loan losses of $11,000 in the same period of fiscal 2018. The recovery recorded in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 was primarily attributable to the recoveries related to the payoff of two non-performing loans during the second quarter of fiscal 2019. Non-performing loans, net of the allowance for loan losses and fair value adjustments, remained relatively unchanged at $6.1 million as compared to June 30, 2018 but lower than the $8.0 million at December 31, 2017. Net loan recoveries in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 were $123,000 or 0.05 percent (annualized) of average loans receivable, compared to net loan recoveries of $23,000 or 0.01 percent (annualized) of average loans receivable in the same quarter of fiscal 2018. Total classified loans, net of the allowance for loan losses and fair value adjustments, were $12.8 million at December 31, 2018 as compared to $14.9 million at June 30, 2018 and $13.2 million at December 31, 2017. Classified loans net of the allowance for loan losses and fair value adjustments were comprised of $5.3 million and $7.5 million of loans in the special mention category and $7.5 million and $7.4 million of loans in the substandard category at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively.
For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. During the first six months of fiscal 2019, the Corporation recorded a recovery from the allowance for loan losses of $454,000, in contrast to a $158,000 provision for loan losses in the same period of fiscal 2018. The recovery from the allowance for loan losses in the first six months of fiscal 2019 was primarily attributable to the decrease in loans held for investment and the recoveries related to the payoff of the two non-performing loans during the first six months of fiscal 2019. Net loan recoveries in the first six months of fiscal 2019 were $130,000 or 0.03 percent (annualized) of average loans receivable, in contrast to net loan charge offs of $122,000 or (0.02) percent (annualized) of average loans receivable in the same period of fiscal 2018.
The allowance for loan losses was determined through quantitative and qualitative adjustments including the Bank's charge-off experience and reflects the impact on loans held for investment from the current general economic conditions of the U.S. and
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California economies such as the improving unemployment rate and higher home prices in California. See related discussion of "Asset Quality" below.
At December 31, 2018, the allowance for loan losses was $7.1 million, comprised of collectively evaluated allowances of $6.9 million and individually evaluated allowances of $168,000; in comparison to the allowance for loan losses of $7.4 million at June 30, 2018, comprised of collectively evaluated allowances of $7.2 million and individually evaluated allowances of $157,000. The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of gross loans held for investment was 0.80 percent at December 31, 2018 as compared to 0.81 percent at June 30, 2018. Management considers, based on currently available information, the allowance for loan losses sufficient to absorb potential losses inherent in loans held for investment. For further analysis on the allowance for loan losses, see Note 6 of the Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Non-Interest Income:
For the Quarters Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Total non-interest income decreased $2.1 million, or 37 percent, to $3.6 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 from $5.7 million for the same period last year. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in the net gain on sale of loans during the current quarter as compared to the comparable period last year.
The net gain on sale of loans decreased $2.0 million, or 47 percent, to $2.3 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from $4.3 million in the same quarter of fiscal 2018 reflecting the impact of a lower loan sale volume, partly offset by a higher average loan sale margin. Total loan sale volume, which includes the net change in commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale, decreased $156.5 million or 54 percent to $131.3 million in the quarter ended December 31, 2018 from $287.8 million in the comparable quarter last year. The decrease in loan sale volume was attributable to the decrease in mortgage banking activity as compared to the same period last year primarily as a result of higher mortgage interest rates and lower refinance, and more recently, home purchase volume. The total refinance loans as a percentage of total loans originated by PBM during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 was 28 percent, down from 42 percent in the same quarter of fiscal 2018. Retail loans as a percentage of total loans originated for sale by PBM during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 were 60 percent, up from 55 percent in the same quarter of fiscal 2018. The average loan sale margin for PBM increased 23 basis points to 1.72 percent in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from 1.49 percent in the same period of fiscal 2018. The increase in the average loan sale margin was the result of a higher percentage of retail loan production (which generally has higher loan sale margins) versus wholesale loan production and maintaining pricing discipline throughout the quarter. The gain on sale of loans includes an unfavorable fair-value adjustment on loans held for sale and derivative financial instruments (commitments to extend credit, commitments to sell loans, commitments to sell mortgage-backed securities, and option contracts) pursuant to ASC 815 and ASC 825 that amounted to a net loss of $674,000 in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 as compared to an unfavorable fair-value adjustment net loss of $1.3 million in the same period last year. The fair-value adjustment on loans held for sale and derivative financial instruments is consistent with the Bank's mortgage banking activity and the volatility of mortgage interest rates. As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of derivative financial instruments pursuant to ASC 815 and ASC 825 was $1.7 million, compared to $2.9 million at June 30, 2018 and $3.7 million at December 31, 2017.
For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Total non-interest income decreased $4.0 million, or 33 percent, to $8.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2018 from $12.1 million for the same period last year. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in the gain on sale of loans.
The net gain on sale of loans decreased $3.8 million, or 41 percent, to $5.4 million for the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $9.2 million in the same period of fiscal 2018 reflecting the impact of a lower loan sale volume, partly offset by a higher average loan sale margin. Total loan sale volume was $313.1 million in the first six months ended December 31, 2018, down $366.9 million, or 54 percent, from $680.0 million in the comparable period last year. The decrease in loan sale volume was attributable primarily to a decrease in mortgage banking activity as compared to the same period last year. Refinance loans as a percentage of total loans originated by PBM during the first six months of fiscal 2019 were 29 percent, down from 42 percent in
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the same period of fiscal 2018. Retail loans as a percentage of total loans originated for sale by PBM during the first six months of fiscal 2019 were 63 percent, up from 55 percent in the same period of fiscal 2018. The average loan sale margin for PBM during the first six months of fiscal 2019 was 1.71 percent, up 37 basis points from 1.34 percent for the same period of fiscal 2018. The increase in the average loan sale margin was the result of a higher percentage of retail loan production (which generally has higher loan sale margins) versus wholesale loan production and maintaining pricing discipline throughout the period. The gain on sale of loans includes an unfavorable fair-value adjustment on derivative financial instruments pursuant to ASC 815 and ASC 825, a net loss of $1.2 million in the first six months of fiscal 2019 as compared to an unfavorable fair-value adjustment, a net loss of $1.4 million, in the same period last year.
Non-Interest Expense:
For the Quarters Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Total non-interest expense in the quarter ended December 31, 2018 was $10.9 million, a decrease of $2.3 million, or 17 percent, as compared to $13.2 million in the quarter ended December 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily a result of a decrease in salaries and employee benefits expense and a decrease in other non-interest expense.
Total salaries and employee benefits expense decreased $1.4 million, or 16 percent, to $7.2 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from $8.6 million in the same period of fiscal 2018. The decrease in salaries and employee benefits expense was primarily related to lower variable compensation resulting from lower mortgage banking loan originations and staff reductions in mortgage banking. Total loan originations and purchases (including loans originated and purchased for investment and loans originated for sale) decreased $181.1 million, or 49 percent, to $185.7 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from $366.8 million in the comparable quarter of fiscal 2018. Total full-time equivalent employees in the mortgage banking division was 148 at December 31, 2018, down 30 percent from 212 at December 31, 2017.
Total other non-interest expenses decreased $846,000, or 44 percent, to $1.1 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from $1.9 million in the same period of fiscal 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to the $650,000 litigation settlement expense recorded in other non-interest expense in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 and not replicated this quarter.
On January 30, 2019, the Corporation announced that Bank will close its La Quinta Branch effective at the close of business on May 10, 2019. The Bank anticipates an annual operational cost savings of approximately $473,000, primarily in salaries and employee benefits expenses and premises and occupancy expenses subsequent to the branch closure. Total one-time charges for the branch closure will be approximately $18,000.
On February 4, 2019, the Corporation announced that the Corporation's Board of Directors determined that it was in the long-term best interests of the Corporation to exit the operations of the Corporation's mortgage banking segment conducted through PBM. The Corporation estimates that it will incur one-time costs of approximately $3.6 million to $4.0 million during the remainder of fiscal 2019, which amounts include costs for severance, retention, personnel, premises, occupancy, depreciation, and costs related to termination of data processing and other contractual arrangements.
For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Total non-interest expense in the six months ended December 31, 2018 was $22.6 million, a decrease of $6.3 million or 22 percent, as compared to $28.9 million in the same period ended December 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in salaries and employee benefits expense and a decrease in other non-interest expense.
Total salaries and employee benefits expense decreased $2.4 million, or 13 percent, to $15.5 million in the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $17.9 million in the same period of fiscal 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower incentive compensation costs and PBM staff reductions related to lower mortgage banking loan originations. Total loan originations and purchases (including loans originated and purchased for investment and loans originated for sale) decreased $385.3 million, or 48 percent, to $418.7 million in the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $804.0 million in the comparable period of fiscal 2018.
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Total other non-interest expenses decreased $3.8 million, or 66 percent, to $2.0 million in the first six months of fiscal 2019 from $5.8 million in the same period of fiscal 2018. The decrease in other non-interest expenses was primarily attributable to litigation settlement expense of $3.4 million in the first six months of fiscal 2018 and not replicated this current period. No additional contingencies exist regarding these legal matters although the settlement agreements remain subject to court approval and other customary conditions. For additional information see Part II, Item 1, "Legal Proceedings."
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes:
The income tax provision reflects accruals for taxes at the applicable rates for federal income tax and California franchise tax based upon reported pre-tax income, adjusted for the effect of all permanent differences between income for tax and financial reporting purposes, such as non-deductible stock-based compensation, earnings from bank-owned life insurance policies and certain California tax-exempt loans, among others. Therefore, there are fluctuations in the effective income tax rate from period to period based on the relationship of net permanent differences to income before tax.
For the Quarters Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. The Corporation's income tax provision was $810,000 for the second quarter of fiscal 2019, as compared to a $2.1 million tax provision in the same quarter last year. The decrease in the provision for income taxes was primarily attributable to the one-time, non-cash, net tax charge of $1.8 million, or $(0.24) per diluted share, from the net deferred tax assets revaluation and the reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate resulting from the Tax Act, partly offset by the higher income before taxes. Since the Corporation has a fiscal year end of June 30th, the reduced federal corporate income tax rate from the Tax Act for fiscal 2018 was the result of the application of a blended federal statutory tax rate of 28.06%, and is a flat 21% federal corporate income tax rate for fiscal 2019 and thereafter. As a result, the effective federal and state income tax rate for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 was 29.26%. The Corporation believes that the effective income tax rate applied in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 reflects its current income tax obligations.
For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. The Corporation's provision for income taxes was $1.4 million for the first six months of fiscal 2019, down 23 percent from the $1.9 million provision for income taxes in the same period last year. The decrease was primarily attributable to the net deferred tax asset revaluation and the reduction of the federal tax rate resulting from the Tax Act, partly offset by higher net income before taxes. The effective income tax rate for the six months ended December 31, 2018 was 27.39%. The Corporation believes that the effective income tax rate applied in the first six months of fiscal 2019 reflects its current income tax obligations.
Asset Quality
Non-performing loans, net of the allowance for loan losses and fair value adjustments, consisting of loans with collateral located in California, at December 31, 2018 remained unchanged at $6.1 million as compared to June 30, 2018. Non-performing loans as a percentage of loans held for investment at December 31, 2018 was 0.69%, up from 0.67% at June 30, 2018. The non-performing loans at December 31, 2018 are comprised of 20 single-family loans ($5.3 million), one construction loan ($745,000) and one commercial business loan ($47,000). No interest accruals were made for loans that were past due 90 days or more or if the loans were deemed non-performing.
As of December 31, 2018, total restructured loans decreased $1.0 million, or 19 percent, to $4.2 million from $5.2 million at June 30, 2018. At December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, $2.7 million and $3.4 million of these restructured loans were classified as non-performing, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, $2.9 million, or 70 percent, of the restructured loans have a current payment status, consistent with their modified payment terms; this compares to $2.9 million, or 56 percent, of restructured loans that had a current payment status, consistent with their modified payment terms as of June 30, 2018.
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There was no real estate owned at December 31, 2018 as compared to $906,000 at June 30, 2018 (two single-family properties located in California).
Non-performing assets, which includes non-performing loans and real estate owned, decreased $901,000 or 13 percent to $6.1 million or 0.54 percent of total assets at December 31, 2018 from $7.0 million or 0.59 percent of total assets at June 30, 2018. Restructured loans which are performing in accordance with their modified terms and are not otherwise classified non-accrual are not included in non-performing assets. For further analysis on non-performing loans and restructured loans, see Note 6 of the Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Occasionally, the Corporation is required to repurchase loans sold to Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or other institutional investors if it is determined that such loans do not meet the credit requirements of the investor, or if one of the parties involved in the loan misrepresented pertinent facts, committed fraud, or if such loans were 90-days past due within 120 days of the loan funding date. During the first six months of fiscal 2019, the Corporation repurchased three loans totaling $253,000, including two loans that were fully charged off ($25,000). In comparison, the Corporation did not repurchase any loans from investors during the first six months of fiscal 2018 pursuant to the recourse/repurchase covenants contained in the loan sale agreements. Additional repurchase requests may have been settled that did not result in the repurchase of the loan itself. The primary reasons for honoring the repurchase requests are borrower fraud, undisclosed liabilities on borrower applications, and documentation, verification and appraisal disputes. For the first six months of fiscal 2019 and 2018, the Corporation recorded a $33,000 recovery and a $22,000 recovery from the recourse liability, respectively, and did not settle any claims. As of December 31, 2018, the total recourse reserve for loans sold that are subject to repurchase decreased to $250,000, as compared to $283,000 at June 30, 2018 and $283,000 at December 31, 2017.
Beginning in 2008, in connection with the downturn in the real estate market, the Corporation implemented tighter underwriting standards to reduce potential loan repurchase requests, including requiring higher credit scores, generally lower debt-to-income ratios, and verification of income and assets, among other criteria. Despite management's diligent estimate of the recourse reserve, the Corporation is still subject to risks and uncertainties associated with potentially higher loan repurchase claims from investors, and there are no assurances that the current recourse reserve will be sufficient to cover all future recourse claims.
The following table shows the summary of the recourse liability for the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

| For the Quarters Ended December 31, | For the Six Months Ended December 31,
Recourse Liability | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of the period | $ | 250 |  | $ | 305 |  | $ | 283 |  | $ | 305 |
Recovery from recourse liability | — |  | (22 | ) | (33 | ) | (22 | )
Net settlements in lieu of loan repurchases | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Balance, end of the period | $ | 250 |  | $ | 283 |  | $ | 250 |  | $ | 283 |

A decline in real estate values subsequent to the time of origination of the Corporation's real estate secured loans could result in higher loan delinquency levels, foreclosures, provisions for loan losses and net charge-offs. Real estate values and real estate markets are beyond the Corporation's control and are generally affected by changes in national, regional or local economic conditions and other factors. These factors include fluctuations in interest rates and the availability of loans to potential purchasers, changes in tax laws and other governmental statutes, regulations and policies and acts of nature, such as earthquakes and national disasters particular to California where substantially all of the Corporation's real estate collateral is located. If real estate values decline from the levels described in the following tables (which were derived at the time of loan origination), the value of the real estate collateral securing the Corporation's loans as set forth in the table could be significantly
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overstated. The Corporation's ability to recover on defaulted loans by foreclosing and selling the real estate collateral would then be diminished and it would be more likely to suffer losses on defaulted loans. The Corporation generally does not update the loan-to-value ratio ("LTV") on its loans held for investment by obtaining new appraisals or broker price opinions (nor does the Corporation intend to do so in the future as a result of the costs and inefficiencies associated with completing the task) unless a specific loan has demonstrated deterioration or the Corporation receives a loan modification request from a borrower (in which case individually evaluated allowances are established, if required). Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the LTV ratios disclosed in the following tables may be understated or overstated in comparison to their current LTV ratios as a result of their year of origination, the subsequent general decline or improvement in real estate values that has occurred and the specific location and condition of the individual properties. The Corporation has not quantified the current LTVs of its loans held for investment nor the impact the decline or improvement in real estate values has had on the original LTVs of its loans held for investment.
The following table describes certain credit risk characteristics of the Corporation's single-family, first trust deed, mortgage loans held for investment as of December 31, 2018:

(Dollars In Thousands) | Outstanding Balance (1) | Weighted- Average FICO (2) | Weighted- Average LTV (3) | Weighted- Average Seasoning (4)
Interest only | $ | 1,500 |  | 619 | 75% | 0.97 years
Stated income (5) | $ | 59,732 |  | 733 | 58% | 13.11 years
FICO less than or equal to 660 | $ | 7,618 |  | 637 | 66% | 7.86 years
Over 30-year amortization | $ | 8,024 |  | 720 | 63% | 13.42 years

(1) | The outstanding balance presented on this table may overlap more than one category. Of the outstanding balance, $2.9 million of "stated income," $306 of "FICO less than or equal to 660," and $215 of "over 30-year amortization" balances were non-performing.

(2) | Based on borrower's FICO scores at the time of loan origination. The FICO score represents the creditworthiness of a borrower based on the borrower's credit history, as reported by an independent third party. A higher FICO score indicates a greater degree of creditworthiness. Bank regulators have issued guidance stating that a FICO score of 660 and below is indicative of a "subprime" borrower.

(3) | LTV is the ratio derived by dividing the current loan balance by the lower of the original appraised value or purchase price of the real estate collateral.

(4) | Seasoning describes the number of years since the funding date of the loan.

(5) | Stated income is defined as borrower stated income on his/her loan application which was not subject to verification during the loan origination process.

The following table summarizes the amortization schedule of the Corporation's interest only single-family, first trust deed, mortgage loans held for investment, including the percentage of those which are identified as non-performing or 30 – 89 days delinquent as of December 31, 2018:

(Dollars In Thousands) | Balance | Non-Performing (1) | 30 - 89 Days Delinquent (1)
Fully amortize in the next 12 months | $ | — |  | —% | —%
Fully amortize between 1 year and 5 years | 1,500 |  | —% | —%
Fully amortize after 5 years | — |  | —% | —%
Total | $ | 1,500 |  | —% | —%

(1) | As a percentage of each category.

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The following table summarizes the interest rate reset (repricing) schedule of the Corporation's stated income single-family, first trust deed, mortgage loans held for investment, including the percentage of those which are identified as non-performing or 30 – 89 days delinquent as of December 31, 2018:

(Dollars In Thousands) | Balance (1) | Non-Performing (1) | 30 - 89 Days Delinquent (1)
Interest rate reset in the next 12 months | $ | 59,018 |  | 4% | —%
Interest rate reset between 1 year and 5 years | — |  | —% | —%
Interest rate reset after 5 years | 714 |  | 100% | —%
Total | $ | 59,732 |  | 5% | —%

(1) | As a percentage of each category.

The following table describes certain credit risk characteristics, geographic locations and the calendar year of loan origination of the Corporation's single-family, first trust deed, mortgage loans held for investment, at December 31, 2018:

| Calendar Year of Origination |
(Dollars In Thousands) | 2010 & Prior | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | Total
Loan balance (in thousands) | $97,932 | $726 | $1,986 | $2,139 | $5,338 | $10,345 | $28,709 | $69,363 | $82,824 | $299,362
Weighted-average LTV (1) | 58% | 59% | 53% | 45% | 62% | 68% | 64% | 72% | 71% | 66%
Weighted-average age (in years) | 13.24 | 7.33 | 6.34 | 5.50 | 4.44 | 3.59 | 2.48 | 1.61 | 0.48 | 5.38
Weighted-average FICO (2) | 730 | 724 | 758 | 752 | 755 | 740 | 752 | 738 | 745 | 739
Number of loans | 362 | 3 | 10 | 20 | 17 | 15 | 56 | 107 | 140 | 730
Geographic breakdown (%) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inland Empire | 37% | 45% | 16% | 45% | 33% | 20% | 26% | 32% | 41% | 35%
Southern California (3) | 51% | 55% | 52% | 22% | 36% | 49% | 34% | 46% | 50% | 48%
Other California (4) | 11% | —% | 32% | 33% | 31% | 31% | 40% | 22% | 9% | 17%
Other States | 1% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —%
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100%

(1) | LTV is the ratio derived by dividing the current loan balance by the lower of the original appraised value or purchase price of the real estate collateral.

(2) | At time of loan origination.

(3) | Other than the Inland Empire.

(4) | Other than the Inland Empire and Southern California.

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The following table describes certain credit risk characteristics, geographic locations and the calendar year of loan origination of the Corporation's multi-family loans held for investment, at December 31, 2018:

| Calendar Year of Origination |
(Dollars In Thousands) | 2010 & Prior | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | Total
Loan balance (in thousands) | $13,171 | $3,417 | $10,002 | $30,051 | $54,410 | $72,546 | $112,763 | $73,505 | $77,168 | $447,033
Weighted-average LTV (1) | 35% | 48% | 48% | 49% | 50% | 52% | 48% | 49% | 46% | 48%
Weighted-average DCR (2) | 1.74x | 1.73x | 1.89x | 1.77x | 1.69x | 1.66x | 1.67x | 1.67x | 1.57x | 1.67x
Weighted-average age (in years) | 14.27 | 7.25 | 6.30 | 5.37 | 4.51 | 3.46 | 2.50 | 1.56 | 0.59 | 3.08
Weighted-average FICO (3) | 719 | 750 | 744 | 767 | 767 | 755 | 762 | 751 | 757 | 757
Number of loans | 36 | 5 | 14 | 50 | 78 | 116 | 138 | 118 | 93 | 648
Geographic breakdown (%) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inland Empire | 42% | —% | 1% | 38% | 17% | 18% | 10% | 18% | 11% | 16%
Southern California (4) | 51% | 82% | 78% | 44% | 47% | 60% | 61% | 64% | 68% | 60%
Other California (5) | 5% | 18% | 21% | 18% | 36% | 22% | 29% | 18% | 21% | 24%
Other States | 2% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —%
Total | 100% | —% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100%

(1) | LTV is the ratio derived by dividing the current loan balance by the lower of the original appraised value or purchase price of the real estate collateral.

(2) | Debt Coverage Ratio ("DCR") at time of origination.

(3) | At time of loan origination.

(4) | Other than the Inland Empire.

(5) | Other than the Inland Empire and Southern California.

The following table summarizes the interest rate reset or maturity schedule of the Corporation's multi-family loans held for investment, including the percentage of those which are identified as non-performing, 30 – 89 days delinquent or not fully amortizing as of December 31, 2018:

(Dollars In Thousands) | Balance | Non- Performing (1) | 30 - 89 Days Delinquent | Percentage Not Fully Amortizing (1)
Interest rate reset or mature in the next 12 months | $ | 129,858 |  | —% | —% | 7%
Interest rate reset or mature between 1 year and 5 years | 304,331 |  | —% | —% | 2%
Interest rate reset or mature after 5 years | 12,844 |  | —% | —% | —%
Total | $ | 447,033 |  | —% | —% | 3%

(1) | As a percentage of each category.

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The following table describes certain credit risk characteristics, geographic locations and the calendar year of loan origination of the Corporation's commercial real estate loans held for investment, at December 31, 2018:

| Calendar Year of Origination |
(Dollars In Thousands) | 2010 & Prior | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | Total (5)(6)
Loan balance (in thousands) | $573 | $— | $9,862 | $8,842 | $18,699 | $19,412 | $15,947 | $19,485 | $20,010 | $112,830
Weighted-average LTV (1) | 35% | —% | 43% | 48% | 43% | 40% | 48% | 43% | 44% | 44%
Weighted-average DCR (2) | 1.38x | —x | 1.97x | 1.61x | 1.95x | 1.80x | 1.57x | 1.82x | 1.61x | 1.76x
Weighted-average age (in years) | 10.34 | — | 6.27 | 5.46 | 4.35 | 3.45 | 2.61 | 1.37 | 0.54 | 3.04
Weighted-average FICO (2) | 712 | — | 741 | 763 | 753 | 757 | 758 | 773 | 754 | 758
Number of loans | 5 | — | 8 | 14 | 22 | 25 | 22 | 23 | 29 | 148
Geographic breakdown (%): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inland Empire | 69% | —% | 75% | 24% | 40% | 31% | 11% | 26% | 10% | 29%
Southern California (3) | 31% | —% | 25% | 46% | 45% | 32% | 65% | 52% | 55% | 47%
Other California (4) | —% | —% | —% | 30% | 15% | 37% | 24% | 22% | 35% | 24%
Other States | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —%
Total | 100% | —% | —% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100%

(1) | LTV is the ratio derived by dividing the current loan balance by the lower of the original appraised value or purchase price of the real estate collateral.

(2) | At time of loan origination.

(3) | Other than the Inland Empire.

(4) | Other than the Inland Empire and Southern California.

(5) | Comprised of the following: $48.8 million in Mixed Use; $17.8 million in Office; $17.7 million in Retail; $8.7 million in Mobile Home Parks; $7.8 million in Warehouse; $4.3 million in Medical/Dental Office; $2.7 million in Mini-Storage; $2.0 million in Restaurant/Fast Food; $1.5 million in Automotive – Non Gasoline and $1.5 million in Light Industrial/Manufacturing.

(6) | Consisting of $106.4 million or 94.3 percent in investment properties and $6.4 million or 5.7 percent in owner occupied properties.

The following table summarizes the interest rate reset or maturity schedule of the Corporation's commercial real estate loans held for investment, including the percentage of those which are identified as non-performing, 30 – 89 days delinquent or not fully amortizing as of December 31, 2018:

(Dollars In Thousands) | Balance | Non- Performing (1) | 30 - 89 Days Delinquent | Percentage Not Fully Amortizing (1)
Interest rate reset or mature in the next 12 months | $ | 41,377 |  | —% | —% | 81%
Interest rate reset or mature between 1 year and 5 years | 71,453 |  | —% | —% | 91%
Interest rate reset or mature after 5 years | — |  | —% | —% | —%
Total | $ | 112,830 |  | —% | —% | 88%

(1) | As a percentage of each category.

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The following table sets forth information with respect to the Corporation's non-performing assets, net of allowance for loan losses and fair value adjustments, at the dates indicated:

(In Thousands) | At December 31, 2018 | At June 30, 2018
Loans on non-accrual status (excluding restructured loans): |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |
Single-family | $ | 2,572 |  | $ | 2,665 |
Construction | 745 |  | — |
Total | 3,317 |  | 2,665 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | — |  | — |
Restructured loans on non-accrual status: |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |
Single-family | 2,698 |  | 3,328 |
Commercial business loans | 47 |  | 64 |
Total | 2,745 |  | 3,292 |
Total non-performing loans | 6,062 |  | 6,057 |
Real estate owned, net | — |  | 906 |
Total non-performing assets | $ | 6,062 |  | $ | 6,963 |
Non-performing loans as a percentage of loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses | 0.69 | % | 0.67 | %
Non-performing loans as a percentage of total assets | 0.54 | % | 0.52 | %
Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets | 0.54 | % | 0.59 | %

The following table describes the non-performing loans, net of allowance for loan losses and fair value adjustments, by the calendar year of origination as of December 31, 2018:

| Calendar Year of Origination |
(In Thousands) | 2010 & Prior | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | Total |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Single-family | $ | 3,818 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 85 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,367 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 5,270 |  |  |
| Construction |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 745 |  |  | 745 |  |  |
Commercial business loans | 47 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 47 |  |  |
Total | $ | 3,865 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 85 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,367 |  | $ | 745 |  | $ | 6,062 |  |  |

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The following table describes the non-performing loans, net of allowance for loan losses and fair value adjustments, by the geographic location as of December 31, 2018:

(In Thousands) | Inland Empire | Southern California (1) | Other California (2) | Other States | Total
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |
| Single-family | $ | 1,874 |  | $ | 2,141 |  | $ | 1,255 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 5,270 |
| Construction |  | — |  |  | 745 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 745 |
Commercial business loans | 47 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 47 |
Total | $ | 1,921 |  | $ | 2,886 |  | $ | 1,255 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 6,062 |

(1) | Other than the Inland Empire.

(2) | Other than the Inland Empire and Southern California.

The following table summarizes classified assets, which is comprised of classified loans, net of allowance for loan losses and fair value adjustments, and real estate owned at the dates indicated:

| At December 31, 2018 |  | At June 30, 2018
(Dollars In Thousands) | Balance | Count |  | Balance | Count
Special mention loans: |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |
Single-family | $ | 1,400 |  | 6 |  |  | $ | 2,584 |  | 8 |
Multi-family | 3,906 |  | 3 |  |  | 3,947 |  | 3 |
Commercial real estate | — |  | — |  |  | 940 |  | 1 |
Total special mention loans | 5,306 |  | 9 |  |  | 7,471 |  | 12 |
Substandard loans: |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |
Single-family | 6,695 |  | 23 |  |  | 7,391 |  | 24 |
Construction | 745 |  | 1 |  |  | — |  | — |
Commercial business loans | 47 |  | 1 |  |  | 64 |  | 1 |
Total substandard loans | 7,487 |  | 25 |  |  | 7,455 |  | 25 |
Total classified loans | 12,793 |  | 34 |  |  | 14,926 |  | 37 |
Real estate owned: |  |  |  |  |
Single-family | — |  | — |  |  | 906 |  | 2 |
Total real estate owned | — |  | — |  |  | 906 |  | 2 |
Total classified assets | $ | 12,793 |  | 34 |  |  | $ | 15,832 |  | 39 |

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Loan Volume Activities
The following table is provided to disclose details related to the volume of loans originated, purchased and sold for the quarters and six months indicated:

|  | For the Quarters Ended December 31, |  |  | For the Six Months Ended December 31, |  |
(In Thousands) |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |
Loans originated for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail originations | $ | 87,913 |  | $ | 183,787 |  | $ | 215,046 |  | $ | 397,088 |  |
Wholesale originations | 58,504 |  | 148,077 |  | 127,692 |  | 327,068 |  |
Total loans originated for sale (1) | 146,417 |  | 331,864 |  | 342,738 |  | 724,156 |  |
Loans sold: |  |  |  |  |
Servicing released | (165,484 | ) | (351,720 | ) | (376,534 | ) | (725,183 | ) |
Servicing retained | (2,026 | ) | (9,660 | ) | (2,784 | ) | (17,248 | ) |
Total loans sold (2) | (167,510 | ) | (361,380 | ) | (379,318 | ) | (742,431 | ) |
Loans originated for investment: |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |
Single-family | 24,180 |  | 12,362 |  | 41,396 |  | 39,698 |  |
Multi-family | 5,446 |  | 9,473 |  | 18,155 |  | 21,667 |  |
Commercial real estate | 3,175 |  | 8,478 |  | 8,480 |  | 12,970 |  |
Construction | 1,863 |  | 1,475 |  | 3,343 |  | 2,409 |  |
Consumer loans | — |  | 2 |  | — |  | 3 |  |
Total loans originated for investment (3) | 34,664 |  | 31,790 |  | 71,374 |  | 76,747 |  |
Loans purchased for investment: |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans: |  |  |  |  |
Multi-family | 4,622 |  | 2,241 |  | 4,622 |  | 2,241 |  |
Commercial real estate | — |  | 868 |  | — |  | 868 |  |
Total loans purchased for investment (3) | 4,622 |  | 3,109 |  | 4,622 |  | 3,109 |  |
Mortgage loan principal payments | (41,163 | ) | (57,390 | ) | (104,092 | ) | (100,751 | ) |
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans | — |  | (700 | ) | — |  | (700 | ) |
Increase (decrease) in other items, net (4) | 60 |  | (22 | ) | (1,332 | ) | 968 |  |
Net decrease in loans held for investment and loans held for sale at fair value | $ | (22,910 | ) | $ | (52,729 | ) | $ | (66,008 | ) | $ | (38,902 | ) |

(1) | Includes PBM loans originated for sale during the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 totaling $146.4 million, $331.9 million, $342.7 million and $724.2 million, respectively.

(2) | Includes PBM loans sold during the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 totaling $167.5 million, $361.4 million, $379.3 million and $742.4 million, respectively.

(3) | Includes PBM loans originated and purchased for investment during the quarters and six months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 totaling $24.1 million, $12.4 million, $40.0 million and $37.8 million, respectively.

(4) | Includes net changes in undisbursed loan funds, deferred loan fees or costs, allowance for loan losses, fair value of loans held for investment, fair value of loans held for sale, advance payments of escrows and repurchases.

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Loans that the Corporation has originated for sale are primarily sold on a servicing released basis. Clear ownership is conveyed to the investor by endorsing the original note in favor of the investor; transferring the servicing to a new servicer consistent with investor instructions; communicating the servicing transfer to the borrower as required by law; and sending the loan file and collateral instruments electronically to the investor contemporaneous with receiving the cash proceeds from the sale of the loan. Additionally, the Corporation registers the change of ownership in the mortgage electronic registration system known as MERS as required by the contractual terms of the loan sale agreement. Also, the Corporation retains an imaged copy of the entire loan file and collateral instruments as an abundance of caution in the event questions arise that can only be answered by reviewing the loan file. Additionally, the Corporation does not originate or sponsor mortgage-backed securities.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Corporation's primary sources of funds are deposits, proceeds from the sale of loans originated for sale, proceeds from principal and interest payments on loans, proceeds from the maturity and sale of investment securities, FHLB – San Francisco advances, access to the discount window facility at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco and access to a federal funds facility with its correspondent bank. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and investment securities are a relatively predictable source of funds, deposit flows, mortgage prepayments and loan sales are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions and competition.
The primary investing activity of the Corporation is the origination and purchase of loans held for investment and loans held for sale. During the first six months of fiscal 2019 and 2018, the Corporation originated and purchased $418.7 million and $804.0 million of loans, respectively. The total loans sold in the first six months of fiscal 2019 and 2018 were $379.3 million and $742.4 million, respectively. At December 31, 2018, the Corporation had loan origination commitments totaling $34.6 million, undisbursed lines of credit totaling $2.0 million and undisbursed construction loan funds totaling $5.7 million. The Corporation anticipates that it will have sufficient funds available to meet its current loan commitments.
The Corporation's primary financing activity is gathering deposits. During the first six months of fiscal 2019, the net decrease in deposits was $34.7 million or four percent, primarily due to non-renewing scheduled maturities in time deposits. The decrease in time deposits was consistent with the Corporation's operating strategy. Time deposits decreased $13.9 million, or six percent, to $223.7 million at December 31, 2018 from $237.6 million at June 30, 2018. At December 31, 2018, time deposits with a principal amount of $250,000 or less and scheduled to mature in one year or less were $98.7 million and total time deposits with a principal amount of more than $250,000 and scheduled to mature in one year or less were $23.5 million. Historically, the Corporation has been able to retain a significant percentage of its time deposits as they mature.
The Corporation must maintain an adequate level of liquidity to ensure the availability of sufficient funds to support loan growth and deposit withdrawals, to satisfy financial commitments and to take advantage of investment opportunities. The Corporation generally maintains sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet short-term liquidity needs. At December 31, 2018, total cash and cash equivalents were $67.4 million, or six percent of total assets. Depending on market conditions and the pricing of deposit products and FHLB – San Francisco advances, the Bank may rely on FHLB – San Francisco advances for part of its liquidity needs. As of December 31, 2018, total borrowings were $111.1 million and the financing availability at FHLB – San Francisco was limited to 35 percent of total assets; the remaining borrowing facility was $281.5 million and the remaining available collateral was $490.2 million. In addition, the Bank has secured a $67.4 million discount window facility at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, collateralized by investment securities with a fair market value of $71.7 million. As of December 31, 2018, the Bank also has a borrowing arrangement in the form of a federal funds facility with its correspondent bank for $17.0 million that matures on June 30, 2019 which the Bank intends to renew upon maturity. The Bank had no advances under its correspondent bank or discount window facility as of December 31, 2018.
77

Regulations require thrifts to maintain adequate liquidity to assure safe and sound operations. The Bank's average liquidity ratio (defined as the ratio of average qualifying liquid assets to average deposits and borrowings) for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 increased to 15.9 percent from 14.9 percent for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.
The Bank, as a federally-chartered, federally insured savings bank, is subject to the capital requirements established by the OCC. Under the OCC's capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank's assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank's capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weighting and other factors. In addition, Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. as a savings and loan holding company registered with the FRB and is required by the FRB to maintain capital adequacy that generally parallels the OCC requirements.
At December 31, 2018, Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. and the Bank each exceeded all regulatory capital requirements. The Bank was categorized "well-capitalized" at December 31, 2018 under the regulations of the OCC.
78

Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. and the Bank's actual and required minimum capital amounts and ratios at the dates indicated are as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  |  |  | Regulatory Requirements |
| Actual |  | Minimum for Capital Adequacy Purposes |  | Minimum to Be Well Capitalized
| Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
Provident Financial Holdings, Inc.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 leverage capital (to adjusted average assets) | $ | 122,485 |  |  | 10.72 | % |  |  | $ | 45,685 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | $ | 57,106 |  |  | 5.00 | % |
Common Equity Tier 1 ("CET1") capital (to risk- weighted assets) | $ | 122,485 |  |  | 18.48 | % |  |  | $ | 42,257 |  |  | 6.38 | % |  |  | $ | 43,085 |  |  | 6.50 | % |
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $ | 122,485 |  |  | 18.48 | % |  |  | $ | 52,199 |  |  | 7.88 | % |  |  | $ | 53,028 |  |  | 8.00 | % |
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $ | 129,696 |  |  | 19.57 | % |  |  | $ | 65,456 |  |  | 9.88 | % |  |  | $ | 66,285 |  |  | 10.00 | % |
As of June 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 leverage capital (to adjusted assets) | $ | 120,218 |  |  | 10.29 | % |  |  | $ | 46,719 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | $ | 58,399 |  |  | 5.00 | % |
CET1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $ | 120,218 |  |  | 17.37 | % |  |  | $ | 44,132 |  |  | 6.38 | % |  |  | $ | 44,998 |  |  | 6.50 | % |
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $ | 120,218 |  |  | 17.37 | % |  |  | $ | 54,516 |  |  | 7.88 | % |  |  | $ | 55,382 |  |  | 8.00 | % |
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $ | 127,760 |  |  | 18.46 | % |  |  | $ | 68,362 |  |  | 9.88 | % |  |  | $ | 69,227 |  |  | 10.00 | % |
Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 leverage capital (to adjusted average assets) | $ | 113,792 |  |  | 9.96 | % |  |  | $ | 45,684 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | $ | 57,105 |  |  | 5.00 | % |
CET1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $ | 113,792 |  |  | 17.17 | % |  |  | $ | 42,256 |  |  | 6.38 | % |  |  | $ | 43,085 |  |  | 6.50 | % |
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $ | 113,792 |  |  | 17.17 | % |  |  | $ | 52,199 |  |  | 7.88 | % |  |  | $ | 53,027 |  |  | 8.00 | % |
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $ | 121,003 |  |  | 18.26 | % |  |  | $ | 65,456 |  |  | 9.88 | % |  |  | $ | 66,284 |  |  | 10.00 | % |
As of June 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 leverage capital (to adjusted assets) | $ | 116,369 |  |  | 9.96 | % |  |  | $ | 46,716 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | $ | 58,394 |  |  | 5.00 | % |
CET1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $ | 116,369 |  |  | 16.81 | % |  |  | $ | 44,125 |  |  | 6.38 | % |  |  | $ | 44,990 |  |  | 6.50 | % |
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $ | 116,369 |  |  | 16.81 | % |  |  | $ | 54,507 |  |  | 7.88 | % |  |  | $ | 55,372 |  |  | 8.00 | % |
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $ | 123,911 |  |  | 17.90 | % |  |  | $ | 68,350 |  |  | 9.88 | % |  |  | $ | 69,215 |  |  | 10.00 | % |

In addition to the minimum CET1, Tier 1 and total capital ratios, Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. and the Bank will have to maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional CET1 capital above the required minimum levels in order to avoid limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses based on percentages of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions. This requirement began to be phased in on January 1, 2016 at an amount more than 0.625 percent of risk-weighted assets and increased each year to an amount more than to 2.5 percent of risk-weighted assets when fully implemented on January 1, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, the conservation buffer was an amount more than 1.875%.
The ability of the Corporation to pay dividends to stockholders depends primarily on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Corporation. The Bank may not declare or pay a cash dividend if the effect thereof would cause its net worth to be reduced below the regulatory capital requirements imposed by federal regulation. In the first six months of fiscal 2019, the Bank paid a cash dividend of $7.5 million to the Corporation; while the Corporation paid $2.1 million of cash dividends to its shareholders.
79

Supplemental Information

| At December 31, 2018 | At June 30, 2018 | At December 31, 2017
Loans serviced for others (in thousands) | $123,294 | $128,409 | $127,088
Book value per share | $16.34 | $16.23 | $16.15

ITEM 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
One of the Corporation's principal financial objectives is to achieve long-term profitability while reducing its exposure to fluctuating interest rates. The Corporation has sought to reduce the exposure of its earnings to changes in interest rates by attempting to manage the repricing mismatch between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The principal element in achieving this objective is to increase the interest-rate sensitivity of the Corporation's interest-earning assets by retaining for its portfolio new loan originations with interest rates subject to periodic adjustment to market conditions and by selling fixed-rate, single-family mortgage loans. In addition, the Corporation maintains an investment portfolio, which is largely in U.S. government agency MBS and U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS with contractual maturities of up to 30 years that reprice frequently or have a relatively short-average life. The Corporation relies on retail deposits as its primary source of funds while utilizing FHLB – San Francisco advances as a secondary source of funding. Management believes retail deposits, unlike brokered deposits, reduces the effects of interest rate fluctuations because they generally represent a more stable source of funds. As part of its interest rate risk management strategy, the Corporation promotes transaction accounts and time deposits with terms up to seven years.
Through the use of an internal interest rate risk model, the Corporation is able to analyze its interest rate risk exposure by measuring the change in net portfolio value ("NPV") over a variety of interest rate scenarios. NPV is defined as the net present value of expected future cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet contracts. The calculation is intended to illustrate the change in NPV that would occur in the event of an immediate change in interest rates of -100, +100, +200, +300 and +400 basis points ("bp") with no effect given to steps that management might take to counter the effect of the interest rate movement. The current federal funds rate is 2.50 percent making an immediate change of -200 and -300 basis points improbable.
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The following table is derived from the internal interest rate risk model and represents the NPV based on the indicated changes in interest rates as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands).

Basis Points ("bp") Change in Rates | Net Portfolio Value | NPV Change (1) | Portfolio Value of Assets | NPV as Percentage of Portfolio Value Assets (2) | Sensitivity Measure (3)
+400 bp | $ | 241,427 |  | $ | 123,479 |  | $ | 1,229,892 |  | 19.63% | +921 bp
+300 bp | $ | 216,894 |  | $ | 98,946 |  | $ | 1,211,292 |  | 17.91% | +749 bp
+200 bp | $ | 188,062 |  | $ | 70,114 |  | $ | 1,188,611 |  | 15.82% | +540 bp
+100 bp | $ | 154,714 |  | $ | 36,766 |  | $ | 1,161,806 |  | 13.32% | +290 bp
0 bp | $ | 117,948 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,131,645 |  | 10.42% | 0 bp
-100 bp | $ | 110,957 |  | $ | (6,991 | ) | $ | 1,124,294 |  | 9.87% | -55 bp

(1) | Represents the increase (decrease) of the NPV at the indicated interest rate change in comparison to the NPV at December 31, 2018 ("base case").

(2) | Derived from the NPV divided by the portfolio value of total assets.

(3) | Derived from the change in the NPV ratio from the base case amount assuming the indicated change in interest rates (expressed in basis points).

The following table is derived from the internal interest rate risk model and represents the change in the NPV at a -100 basis point rate shock at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018.

| At December 31, 2018 | At June 30, 2018
| (-100 bp rate shock) | (-100 bp rate shock)
Pre-Shock NPV Ratio: NPV as a % of PV Assets | 10.42% | 10.24%
Post-Shock NPV Ratio: NPV as a % of PV Assets | 9.87% | 9.62%
Sensitivity Measure: Change in NPV Ratio | -55 bp | -62 bp

The pre-shock NPV ratio increased 18 basis points to 10.42 percent at December 31, 2018 from 10.24 percent at June 30, 2018 and the post-shock NPV ratio increased 25 basis points to 9.87 percent at December 31, 2018 from 9.62 percent at June 30, 2018. The increase of the NPV ratios was primarily attributable to net income in the first six months of fiscal 2019 and higher net valuation of total assets in comparison to total liabilities, partly offset by a $7.5 million cash dividend distribution from the Bank to the Corporation in September 2018.
As with any method of measuring interest rate risk, certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented in the foregoing tables. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to repricing, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. Also, the interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types of assets and liabilities may lag behind changes in market interest rates. Additionally, certain assets, such as ARM loans, have features that restrict changes in interest rates on a short-term basis and over the life of the asset. Further, in the event of a change in interest rates, expected rates of prepayments on loans and early withdrawals from time deposits could likely deviate significantly from those assumed when calculating the results described in the tables above. It is also possible that, as a result of an interest rate increase, the higher mortgage payments required from ARM borrowers could result in an increase in delinquencies and defaults. Changes in market interest rates may also affect the volume and profitability of the Corporation's mortgage banking operations. Accordingly, the data presented in the tables in this section should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results in the event of changes in interest rates. Furthermore, the NPV presented in the foregoing tables is not intended to present the fair market value of the Corporation, nor does it represent amounts that would be available for distribution to shareholders in the event of the liquidation of the Corporation.
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The Corporation measures and evaluates the potential effects of interest rate movements through an interest rate sensitivity "gap" analysis. Interest rate sensitivity reflects the potential effect on net interest income when there is movement in interest rates. For loans, securities and liabilities with contractual maturities, the table presents contractual repricing or scheduled maturity. For transaction accounts (checking, money market and savings deposits) that have no contractual maturity, the table presents estimated principal cash flows and, as applicable, the Corporation's historical experience, management's judgment and statistical analysis concerning their most likely withdrawal behaviors.
The following table represents the interest rate gap analysis of the Corporation's assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2018:

|  |  | Term to Contractual Repricing, Estimated Repricing, or Contractual Maturity (1)
|  |  | As of December 31, 2018
|  |  | 12 months or less | Greater than 1 year to 3 years | Greater than 3 years to 5 years | Greater than 5 years or non-sensitive | Total
|  |  | (Dollars In thousands)
Repricing Assets: |  |  |  |  |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 61,030 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 6,329 |  | $ | 67,359 |
| Investment securities | 38,848 |  | — |  | — |  | 52,705 |  | 91,553 |
| Loans held for investment | 278,915 |  | 229,289 |  | 277,651 |  | 89,558 |  | 875,413 |
| Loans held for sale | 57,562 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 57,562 |
| FHLB - San Francisco stock | 8,199 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 8,199 |
| Other assets | 3,156 |  | — |  | — |  | 23,928 |  | 27,084 |
|  | Total assets | 447,710 |  | 229,289 |  | 277,651 |  | 172,520 |  | 1,127,170 |
Repricing Liabilities and Equity: |  |  |  |  |
| Checking deposits - non-interest bearing | — |  | — |  | — |  | 78,866 |  | 78,866 |
| Checking deposits - interest bearing | 38,482 |  | 76,965 |  | 76,965 |  | 64,137 |  | 256,549 |
| Savings deposits | 55,429 |  | 110,858 |  | 110,858 |  | — |  | 277,145 |
| Money market deposits | 18,314 |  | 18,313 |  | — |  | — |  | 36,627 |
| Time deposits | 122,217 |  | 76,853 |  | 23,694 |  | 933 |  | 223,697 |
| Borrowings | 10,000 |  | 31,135 |  | 30,000 |  | 40,000 |  | 111,135 |
| Other liabilities | 346 |  | — |  | — |  | 20,128 |  | 20,474 |
| Stockholders' equity | — |  | — |  | — |  | 122,677 |  | 122,677 |
|  | Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | 244,788 |  | 314,124 |  | 241,517 |  | 326,741. |  | 1,127,170 |
Repricing gap positive (negative) | $ | 202,922 |  | $ | (84,835 | ) | $ | 36,134 |  | $ | (154,221 | ) | $ | — |
Cumulative repricing gap: |  |  |  |  |
| Dollar amount | $ | 202,922 |  | $ | 118,087 |  | $ | 154,221 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
| Percent of total assets | 18 | % | 10 | % | 14 | % | — | % | — | %

(1) Cash and cash equivalents are presented as estimated repricing; investment securities and loans held for investment are presented as contractual maturities or contractual repricing (without consideration for prepayments); loans held for sale and transaction accounts are presented as estimated repricing; FHLB - San Francisco stock is presented as contractual repricing; while time deposits (without consideration for early withdrawals) and borrowings are presented as contractual maturities.
The static gap analysis shows a positive position in the "Cumulative repricing gap - dollar amount" category, indicating more assets are sensitive to repricing than liabilities. Management views non-interest bearing deposits to be the least sensitive to
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changes in market interest rates and these accounts are therefore characterized as long-term funding. Interest-bearing checking deposits are considered more sensitive, followed by increased sensitivity for savings and money market deposits. For the purpose of calculating gap, a portion of these interest-bearing deposit balances are assumed to be subject to estimated repricing as follows: interest-bearing checking deposits at 15% per year, savings deposits at 20% per year and money market deposits at 50% in the first and second years.
The gap results presented above could vary substantially if different assumptions are used or if actual experience differs from the assumptions used in the preparation of the gap analysis. Furthermore, the gap analysis provides a static view of interest rate risk exposure at a specific point in time without taking into account redirection of cash flows activity and deposit fluctuations.
The extent to which the net interest margin will be impacted by changes in prevailing interest rates will depend on a number of factors, including how quickly interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities react to interest rate changes. It is not uncommon for rates on certain assets or liabilities to lag behind changes in the market rates of interest. Additionally, prepayments of loans and early withdrawals of certificates of deposit could cause interest sensitivities to vary. As a result, the relationship between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as shown in the previous table, is only a general indicator of interest rate sensitivity and the effect of changing rates of interest on net interest income is likely to be different from that predicted solely on the basis of the interest rate sensitivity analysis set forth in the previous table.
The Corporation also models the sensitivity of net interest income for the 12-month period subsequent to any given month-end assuming a dynamic balance sheet accounting for, among other items:

• | The Corporation's current balance sheet and repricing characteristics;

• | Forecasted balance sheet growth consistent with the business plan;

• | Current interest rates and yield curves and management estimates of projected interest rates;

• | Embedded options, interest rate floors, periodic caps and lifetime caps;

• | Repricing characteristics for market rate sensitive instruments;

• | Loan, investment, deposit and borrowing cash flows;

• | Loan prepayment estimates for each type of loan; and

• | Immediate, permanent and parallel movements in interest rates of plus 400, 300, 200 and 100 and minus 100 basis points.

The following table describes the results of the analysis at December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018.

At December 31, 2018 |  | At June 30, 2018
Basis Point (bp) Change in Rates | Change in Net Interest Income |  | Basis Point (bp) Change in Rates | Change in Net Interest Income
+400 bp | 7.56% |  | +400 bp | 7.84%
+300 bp | 6.74% |  | +300 bp | 6.83%
+200 bp | 5.80% |  | +200 bp | 5.73%
+100 bp | 4.53% |  | +100 bp | 4.53%
-100 bp | (6.02)% |  | -100 bp | (3.98)%

At December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, the Corporation was asset sensitive as its interest-earning assets at those dates are expected to reprice more quickly than its interest-bearing liabilities during the subsequent 12-month period. Therefore, in a rising interest rate environment, the model projects an increase in net interest income over the subsequent 12-month period. In a falling interest rate environment, the results project a decrease in net interest income over the subsequent 12-month period.
Management believes that the assumptions used to complete the analysis described in the table above are reasonable. However, past experience has shown that immediate, permanent and parallel movements in interest rates will not necessarily
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occur. Additionally, while the analysis provides a tool to evaluate the projected net interest income to changes in interest rates, actual results may be substantially different if actual experience differs from the assumptions used to complete the analysis, particularly with respect to the 12-month business plan when asset growth is forecast. Therefore, the model results that the Corporation discloses should be thought of as a risk management tool to compare the trends of the Corporation's current disclosure to previous disclosures, over time, within the context of the actual performance of the treasury yield curve.
ITEM 4 – Controls and Procedures.
a) An evaluation of the Corporation's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Section 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Act")) was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporation's Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and the Corporation's Disclosure Committee as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. In designing and evaluating the Corporation's disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Also, because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Corporation have been detected. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Based on their evaluation, the Corporation's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Corporation's disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018 are effective, at the reasonable assurance level, in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in the reports it files or submits under the Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to the Corporation's management (including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) in a timely manner, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms.
b) There have been no changes in the Corporation's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Act) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2018, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation's internal control over financial reporting. The Corporation does not expect that its internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and all fraud. A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control procedure are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Corporation have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any control procedure is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
There have been no material changes in the legal proceedings previously disclosed in Part I, Item 3 of the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018, except as follows.
On November 13, 2018, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California (the "Court") approved the motion for final approval of the settlement agreement in the two class and collective action lawsuits filed by Gina McKeen-Chaplin, individually and on behalf of others and Neal, respectively, against the Bank. The settlement funds have been distributed to the plaintiffs and plaintiff's counsel consistent with the settlement agreements. The Court set a compliance hearing for January 30, 2019 at which time the court will consider evidence that the distribution process is complete and that a final accounting may be approved.
The long-form settlement agreement has been executed by all parties for the lawsuit known as Cannon versus the Bank but remains subject to approval in the California Superior Court for the County of San Bernardino. A hearing date has been set for February 8, 2019 regarding the settlement of this matter.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018.
The discontinuation of our mortgage banking segment could adversely affect our results of operations.
On February 4, 2019, we announced the discontinuation of our mortgage banking segment conducted through Provident Bank Mortgage, a division of Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B. by June 30, 2019. As a result, we expect to incur one-time costs of approximately $3.6 million to $4.0 million during the remainder of fiscal 2019. It may take longer than we expect to complete the winding down of this business and we may incur costs that exceed our estimated costs. Although we anticipate the elimination of the quarterly pretax losses from the mortgage banking segment of $1.6 million (based on the second quarter of fiscal 2019) and we anticipate increases in pre-tax income in our community banking segment of $1.2 million per quarter as a result of this change, no assurance can be given as to when or whether we will realize this benefit.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
The table below represents the Corporation's purchases of its equity securities for the second quarter of fiscal 2019.

Period | (a) Total Number of Shares Purchased | (b) Average Price Paid per Share | (c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan | (d) Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan (1)
October 1 – 31, 2018 | 505 |  | $ | 17.01 | — |  | 373,000 |
November 1 – 30, 2018 | — |  | $ | — | — |  | 373,000 |
December 1 – 31, 2018 | — |  | $ | — | — |  | 373,000 |
Total | 505 |  | $ | 17.01 | — |  | 373,000 |

(1) | Represents the remaining shares available for future purchases under the April 2018 stock repurchase plan.

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As of December 31, 2018, no shares in the April 2018 stock repurchase plan have been purchased, leaving all 373,000 shares available for future purchases. During the quarter ended December 31, 2018, the Corporation issued 5,000 shares of common stock consistent the exercise of certain stock options and 1,500 shares of restricted common stock vested. The Company purchased 505 shares at an average price of $17.01 per share from recipients to fund their withholding tax obligations in the second quarter of fiscal 2019. For the six months ended December 31, 2018, the Corporation issued 20,000 shares of common stock consistent with the exercise of certain stock options and 86,500 shares of restricted common stock vested. The Company purchased 21,071 shares at an average price of $18.28 per share from recipients to fund their withholding tax obligations in the first six months of fiscal 2019. During the quarter and six months ended December 31, 2018, the Corporation did not sell any securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933.
The Corporation is subject to regulatory capital requirements adopted by the Federal Reserve Board, which generally are the same as the capital requirements for the Bank. These capital requirements include provisions that limit the ability of the Corporation to pay dividends to its stockholders or repurchase its shares.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
Not applicable.
Item 6. Exhibits.
Exhibits:

3.1 (a) | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on November 24, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2010)
3.1 (b) | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 1, 2014)
10.1 | Employment Agreement with Craig G. Blunden (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Corporation's Form 8-K dated December 19, 2005)
10.2 | Post-Retirement Compensation Agreement with Craig G. Blunden (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Corporation's Form 8-K dated December 19, 2005)

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10.3 | Post-Retirement Compensation Agreement with Donavon P. Ternes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Corporation's Form 8-K dated July 7, 2009)
10.4 | Form of Severance Agreement with Deborah L. Hill, Robert "Scott" Ritter, Lilian Salter, Donavon P. Ternes, David S. Weiant and Gwendolyn L. Wertz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Corporation's Form 8-K dated February 24, 2012)
10.5 | 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Corporation's proxy statement dated October 12, 2006)
10.6 | Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement for options granted under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 in the Corporation's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2006)
10.7 | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for options granted under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 in the Corporation's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2006)
10.8 | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for restricted shares awarded under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 in the Corporation's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2006)
10.9 | 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Corporation's proxy statement dated October 28, 2010)
10.10 | Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement for options granted under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Corporation's Form 8-K dated November 30, 2010)
10.11 | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for options granted under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 in the Corporation's Form 8-K dated November 30, 2010)
10.12 | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for restricted shares awarded under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 in the Corporation's Form 8-K dated November 30, 2010)
10.13 | 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Corporation's proxy statement dated October 24, 2013)
10.14 | Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement for options granted under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 in the Corporation's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (333-192727) dated December 9, 2013)
10.15 | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for options granted under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 in the Corporation's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (333-192727) dated December 9, 2013)
10.16 | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for restricted shares awarded under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 in the Corporation's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (333-192727) dated December 9, 2013)

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31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101 | The following materials from the Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2018, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (1) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition; (2) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (3) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (4) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity; (5) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (6) Selected Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| Provident Financial Holdings, Inc.
Date: February 8, 2019 | /s/ Craig G. Blunden
| Craig G. Blunden
| Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: February 8, 2019 | /s/ Donavon P. Ternes
| Donavon P. Ternes
| President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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Exhibit Index

31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101 | The following materials from the Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2018, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (1) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition; (2) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (3) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (4) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity; (5) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (6) Selected Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.