10-K 1 intt20201231_10k.htm FORM 10-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 1-36117

inTEST Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

DELAWARE (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | 22-2370659 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
804 EAST GATE DRIVE, SUITE 200 MT. LAUREL, NEW JERSEY (Address of Principal Executive Offices) | 08054 (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (856) 505-8800

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | Trading Symbol INTT | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered NYSE American

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒ | Smaller reporting company ☒
| Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial account standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold on June 30, 2020 (the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter), was: $33,823,258.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's Common Stock, as of March 15, 2021, was 10,703,056.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the definitive proxy statement of the Registrant for the Registrant's 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report.

inTEST CORPORATION
FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020
INDEX

| Page
PART I
Item 1. | Business | 4
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 14
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 20
Item 2. | Properties | 20
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 21
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 21
PART II
Item 5. | Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 21
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | 22
Item 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 30
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 30
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 30
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 30
Item 9B. | Other Information | 31
PART III
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 32
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 32
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 32
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 32
Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 32
PART IV
Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules | 33
Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | 33
| Index to Exhibits | 33
| Signatures | 35
| Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule | 36

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inTEST CORPORATION
FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

From time to time, we make written or oral "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, including statements contained in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (including this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Report”)), in our annual report to stockholders and in other communications. These statements do not convey historical information, but relate to predicted or potential future events, such as statements of our plans, strategies and intentions, or our future performance or goals, that are based on management’s current expectations. Our forward-looking statements can often be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "believes," "expects," "intends," "may," “could,” "will," "should," "plans," “projects,” “forecasts,” “seeks,” “anticipates,” “goal,” “objective,” “target,” “future,” “outlook,” “vision,” or variations of such words or similar terminology. Investors and prospective investors are cautioned that such forward-looking statements are only projections based on current estimations. These statements involve risks and uncertainties and are based upon various assumptions. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

| ● | the impact of COVID-19 on our business, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations;
| ● | our ability to successfully consolidate our EMS manufacturing operations without any impact on customer shipments or quality and to realize the benefits of the consolidation;
| ● | indications of a change in the market cycles in the semiconductor and automated test equipment (“ATE”) markets, collectively the “Semi Market,” or other markets we serve;
| ● | developments and trends in the Semi Market, including changes in the demand for semiconductors;
| ● | the loss of any one or more of our largest customers, or a reduction in orders by a major customer;
| ● | changes in the rate of, and timing of, capital expenditures by our customers;
| ● | the availability of materials used to manufacture our products;
| ● | the impact of interruptions in our supply chain caused by external factors;
| ● | the sufficiency of cash balances, lines of credit and net cash from operations;
| ● | stock price fluctuations;
| ● | the possibility of future acquisitions or dispositions and the successful integration of any acquired operations;
| ● | the ability to borrow funds or raise capital to finance major potential acquisitions;
| ● | the success of our strategy to diversify our business by entering markets outside the Semi Market, including the automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical, telecommunications and other markets and changes in demand in these markets;
| ● | competitive pricing pressures;
| ● | the development of new products and technologies by us or our competitors;
| ● | effects of exchange rate fluctuations;
| ● | progress of product development programs;
| ● | the anticipated market for our products;
| ● | the availability of and retention of key personnel or our ability to hire personnel at anticipated costs;
| ● | general economic conditions both domestically and globally; and
| ● | other projections of net revenues, taxable earnings (loss), net earnings (loss), net earnings (loss) per share, capital expenditures and other financial items.

We discuss many of these risks and uncertainties and others under Item 1A "Risk Factors," in this Report, and elsewhere in this Report. These risks and uncertainties, among others, could cause our actual future results to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements or from our prior results. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this Report is based only on information currently available to us and speaks to circumstances only as of the date on which it is made. We are not obligated to update these forward-looking statements, even though our situation may change in the future.

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PART I

Item 1. | BUSINESS

INTRODUCTION

inTEST Corporation was incorporated in New Jersey in 1981 and reincorporated in Delaware in April 1997. The consolidated entity is comprised of inTEST Corporation (parent) and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. In this report, "we," "us," "our," and the "Company" refer to inTEST Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

We are a global supplier of innovative test and process solutions for use in manufacturing and testing across a wide range of markets including automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical, semiconductor and telecommunications. We manage our business as two operating segments, Thermal Products ("Thermal”) and Electromechanical Semiconductor Products ("EMS"), which are also our reporting units. Our Thermal segment designs, manufactures and sells our thermal test and thermal process products while our EMS segment designs, manufactures and sells our semiconductor test products.

Our EMS segment sells its products to semiconductor manufacturers and third-party test and assembly houses (end user sales) and to ATE manufacturers (OEM sales), who ultimately resell our equipment with theirs to both semiconductor manufacturers and third-party test and assembly houses. Our Thermal segment sells its products to many of these same types of customers; however, it also sells into a variety of other markets, including the automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical and telecommunications markets.

We sell our products worldwide. Within the ATE market, we sell our products both directly to major semiconductor manufacturers and semiconductor test subcontractors and indirectly through leading ATE manufacturers. In markets outside the ATE market, we sell our products directly to the end user of the product or through third party distributors. Our largest customers include Aixtron SE, Analog Devices, Inc., Emerson Electric Co., Hakuto Co. Ltd., Lockheed Martin Corporation, NXP Semiconductors N.V., QUALCOMM Incorporated, Raytheon Company, Renesas Electronics Corporation and Texas Instruments Incorporated.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Our net revenues from all of the markets we serve were significantly affected by COVID-19 during the first half of 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on our net revenues from the Semi Market was intensified during the first half of the year because our business operations were also being negatively affected by a global downturn in the Semi Market at that time. The Semi Market, from which approximately half of our net revenues are derived, entered a cyclical downturn in the beginning of 2019. During the first quarter of 2020, before the spread of COVID-19, we had started to see indications that the downturn was coming to an end. These indications included increased quoting activity and order levels for the first quarter of 2020 as compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. However, we believe COVID-19 delayed the recovery in the Semi Market as the increase in activity leveled off during late March 2020.

Although we saw slightly increased order rates from our customers in the Semi Market during the second and third quarters of 2020, it was not until the fourth quarter of 2020 that we saw a significant increase in our orders from the Semi Market which we believe indicates that we have now entered the next cyclical upturn. During the fourth quarter of 2020, our orders from the Semi Market increased 53% sequentially and were 141% higher than in the fourth quarter of 2019, the low point of the prior cyclical downturn for the products that we sell. We believe the level of increase in our orders from the Semi Market during the fourth quarter of 2020 reflects a combination of increased demand in the market resulting from the interruption of the normal recovery in the Semi Market cycle caused by the onset of COVID-19 in the first half of 2020, as well as increased demand for semiconductors, generally. We believe this increase in demand is being driven both by changing technology as well as increased use of technology across all aspects of daily life, such as in devices that facilitate remote work and education, smart technology used in homes and businesses, the increase in the amount of integrated circuits (“ICs”) used in the automotive industry and changes occurring in the telecommunications and mobility markets.

As of the date of this filing, all of our operations continue to be deemed “critical and essential business operations” under the various governmental COVID-19 mandates, which has allowed us to continue to operate our business with certain modifications. These modifications include a significant number of our employees working remotely. Such employees have been provided with the tools and technology necessary to do so. Additionally, we have implemented workplace safeguards designed to protect the health and well-being of our employees. Employees who remain in our facilities are following World Health Organization (“WHO”) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”) recommended safety practices, as well as state and local directives. We have had occasions where one or more employees have contracted COVID-19 and entered our facilities while infected. To date, we have managed these occurrences with minimal disruption to our business while protecting other employees, but there can be no assurances that we can avoid similar occurrences in the future or, that in such cases, we can avoid significant disruption of our operations.

The aftermarket service and support that we provide to our customers has been, and we expect may continue to be, adversely impacted by COVID-19. Specifically, the travel restrictions that remain in place, coupled with limitations on visitors into customer facilities, have resulted in the reduction or suspension of certain activities. The net revenues associated with these aftermarket service and support activities typically range from 8% to 10% of our consolidated net revenues. Although these net revenues returned to a more typical range during the third and fourth quarters of 2020, if the spread of COVID-19 or variations of the virus worsen, these revenues may be reduced in future periods.

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While the negative impact of COVID-19 on our business was reduced significantly in the second half of 2020, the spread of the virus or variants of the virus could worsen and one or more of our significant customers or suppliers could be impacted, or significant additional governmental regulations and restrictions could be imposed, thus negatively impacting our business in the future. See “Risks Related to COVID-19” under Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Report.

As a result of our current level of working capital as well as the availability of our revolving credit facility, which is discussed in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements, we currently expect to have sufficient liquidity to operate our business throughout 2021, as further described in this Report. Although our revolving credit facility will mature on April 9, 2021, we are currently in discussions with our lender to replace this facility with a three-year credit facility. We expect that facility to be put in place in conjunction with, or prior to, the expiration of our current credit facility.

MARKETS
Overview
Historically, we referred to our markets as “Semiconductor” (which included both the broader semiconductor market as well as the more specialized semiconductor ATE and wafer processing sectors within the broader semiconductor market), and “Non-Semiconductor” (which included all of the other markets we serve). In the second quarter of 2019, we began referring to the semiconductor market, including the ATE and wafer processing sectors within that market, as the “Semi Market.” All other markets, when referred to collectively, are designated as “Multimarket.” Business within our Thermal segment can fall into either the Semi Market or Multimarket, depending upon how our customers utilize our products or upon their respective applications, while business within our EMS segment is all within the Semi Market.

While the Semi Market represents the historical roots of inTEST and remains a very important component of our business, Multimarket is where we have focused our strategic growth efforts over the last several years. Our goal has been to grow our business, both organically and through acquisition, in Multimarket as we believe these markets have historically been less cyclical than the Semi Market. Moving forward, with the launch of our new strategic plan which is discussed below under “Our Strategies”, we are broadening our strategic growth efforts to target both organic and inorganic growth in all of our currently served markets, which includes the Semi Market. Our goal is to further expand our existing product lines, strengthen our positions in served markets and drive expansion into new markets.

Prior to the acquisition of Ambrell Corporation (“Ambrell”) in May 2017, we offered only highly specialized engineering solutions used for testing applications in Multimarket, the demand for which is limited and which varies significantly from period to period. Our acquisition of Ambrell not only provided expansion into new markets but also broadened our product offerings to include products sold into process or manufacturing applications. Historically, Ambrell sold its precision induction heating systems almost exclusively to customers in the industrial market but since 2018, has also had significant sales into the Semi Market. Overall, however, the acquisition of Ambrell has helped to diversify our customer base. We expect that our future orders and net revenues will be approximately equally split between the Semi Market and Multimarket. During 2020 and 2019, our net revenues from Multimarket were $27.0 million and $29.7 million, respectively, and represented 50% and 49%, respectively, of our total net revenues. In the five years prior to the acquisition of Ambrell, our net revenues from Multimarket ranged from 18% to 30% of our total net revenues.
The level of our net revenues in Multimarket varies significantly from market to market. During 2020 and 2019, our net revenues from the industrial market represented 32% and 35%, respectively, of our total net revenues, while our net revenues from the defense/aerospace market represented 12% and 8%, respectively, of our total net revenues. Our net revenues from the telecommunications market represented 3% of our total net revenues in both years. The level of our net revenues in these markets has varied significantly in the past and we expect it will vary significantly in the future as we build our presence in these markets and establish new markets for our products. One of our goals is to further expand our Multimarket sales; however, due to the highly specialized nature of many of our product offerings, we do not expect broad market penetration in many of these markets. We are continuing to evaluate buying patterns and opportunities for growth in these markets that may affect our future performance.

Outside of the Semi Market, we have developed a meaningful market share in one other market, which is the induction heating market for systems with 500kW or less of power. This market is a subset of the industrial market. In contrast to the Semi Market, where we serve a range of customers and where our business trends generally follow overall market trends within the Semi Market, in the industrial market, where induction heating products are used, we serve a limited number of market participants representing only a portion of this market. Therefore, market trends in this area do not have as material an impact on our financial results. The following discussion of our markets is, therefore, limited to the Semi Market.

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Semi Market
As noted above, the Semi Market includes both the broader semiconductor market as well as the more specialized semiconductor ATE and wafer processing sectors within the broader semiconductor market. Historically, the Semi Market has been characterized by rapid technological change, wide fluctuations in demand and shortening product life cycles. Designers and manufacturers of a variety of electronic and industrial products, such as cell phones, telecom and datacom systems, Internet access devices, computers, transportation and consumer electronics, require increasingly complex ICs to provide improved end-product performance demanded by their customers. Semiconductor manufacturers generally compete based on product performance and price. We believe that testing costs represent a significant portion of the total cost of manufacturing ICs. Semiconductor manufacturers remain under pressure to maximize production yields and reduce testing costs. At the same time, the growing complexity of ICs has increased the difficulty of maximizing test yields. In order to address these market trends, semiconductor manufacturers strive for more effective utilization of ATE, smaller test areas and increased wafer level testing.
Demand for new ATE and related equipment depends upon several factors, including the test equipment utilization rates of semiconductor manufacturers, the demand for products that incorporate ICs, the increasing complexity of ICs and the emergence of new IC design, production and packaging technologies. Some of the evolutionary changes in IC technologies include the shift to 300 mm wafers in production, system-on-a-chip (“SOC”) where digital, analog and memory functions are combined on a single IC, and chip scale packaging. As a result of these factors and other advances, semiconductor manufacturers may require additional ATE not only to handle increases in production, but also to handle the more sophisticated testing requirements of ICs.
IC Test Process
Semiconductor manufacturers typically produce ICs in multiples of several hundred or more on a silicon wafer that is later separated or "diced" into individual ICs. Extended leads are then attached to the individual ICs for later connection to other electrical components. In most cases, the ICs are then encapsulated in a plastic, ceramic or other protective housing. These process steps are called "packaging."
Wafers are tested before being diced and packaged to ensure that only properly functioning ICs are packaged. This testing step has several names, including "front-end test," "wafer test," "wafer probe" or "wafer sort." In front-end test, an electronic handling device known as a wafer prober automatically positions the wafer under a probe card that is electronically connected to a "test head," which connects electrically to a test system. During front-end testing, there is a growing trend of thermally conditioning the wafer during test. Once the good ICs have been identified, they are packaged.
The packaged ICs also require testing, called "back-end test" or "final test," to determine if they meet design and performance specifications. Packaged ICs are tested after loading into another type of electronic handling device called a "package handler" or "handler," which then transfers the packaged ICs into a test socket that is attached to the test head. These handlers may be temperature controlled for testing.
Testers range in price from approximately $100,000 to over $2.0 million each, depending primarily on the complexity of the IC to be tested. Probers and handlers range in price from approximately $50,000 to $500,000 each. A typical test floor of a large semiconductor manufacturer may have 100 test heads and 100 probers or 250 handlers supplied by various vendors for use at any one time. While larger global semiconductor manufacturers typically purchase ATE to test the ICs they manufacture, there are a growing number of semiconductor manufacturers who outsource IC testing to third-party foundries, test and assembly providers.

Test head manipulators, also referred to as positioners, facilitate the movement of the test head to the electronic device handler. Docking hardware mechanically connects the test head to the wafer prober or handler. Tester interface products provide the electrical connection between the test head and the wafer or packaged IC. Traditionally, temperature management products are used in back-end test to allow a manufacturer to test packaged ICs under the extreme temperature conditions in which the IC may be required to operate. However, we believe that temperature-controlled testing will be an increasingly important part of front-end wafer testing as more parameters traditionally tested in back-end test are moved to front-end test.

Trends in IC Testing

ATE is used to identify unacceptable packaged ICs and bad die on wafers. ATE assists IC manufacturers in controlling test costs by performing IC testing in an efficient and cost-effective manner. In order to provide testing equipment that can help IC manufacturers meet these goals, we believe the ATE market must address the following issues:

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Change in Technology. End-user applications are demanding ICs with increasingly higher performance, greater speeds, and smaller sizes. ICs that meet these higher standards, including SOC designs, are more complex and dense. These technology trends have significant implications for the IC testing process, including:

| ● | the need for test heads of higher complexity;
| ● | higher signal densities;
| ● | increasing test speeds; and
| ● | a new generation of testers for SOC and other technologies.

Need for Plug-Compatibility and Integration. Semiconductor manufacturers need test methodologies that will perform increasingly complex tests while lowering the overall cost of testing. This can require combining ATE manufactured by various companies into optimally performing systems. Semiconductor manufacturers have to work closely with various test hardware, software, interface and component vendors to resolve design and compatibility issues in order to make these vendors' products plug-compatible with test equipment manufactured by other vendors.
Testing Under Extreme Conditions. ICs will have to perform across a wider spectrum of temperature and environmental conditions than ever before because of the growing complexity of products in which they are deployed. In recent years, temperature testing has found an increasing role in front-end, wafer-level testing. Creating a uniform thermal profile over much larger wafer areas represents a significant engineering and design challenge for ATE manufacturers.
Demand for Higher Levels of Technical Support. As IC testing becomes more complex, semiconductor manufacturers demand higher levels of technical support on a routine basis. ATE manufacturers must commit appropriate resources to technical support in order to develop close working relationships with their customers. This level of support also requires close proximity of service and support personnel to customers' facilities.
Cost Reduction Through Increased Front-End Testing. As the cost of testing ICs increases, semiconductor manufacturers will continue to look for ways to streamline the testing process to make it more cost-effective, such as the trend to use massive parallel testing, in which semiconductor manufacturers test multiple ICs on the wafer simultaneously. We believe that this factor will lead to more front-end, wafer-level testing.
OUR SOLUTIONS
We focus our development efforts on designing and producing high quality products that provide superior performance and cost-effectiveness. We seek to address each manufacturer's individual needs through innovative and customized designs, use of the best materials available, quality manufacturing practices and personalized service. We design solutions to overcome the evolving challenges facing the Semi Market and other markets that we serve, which we believe provide the following advantages:

Temperature-Controlled Testing. Our Thermostream(R) products are used by manufacturers in a number of markets to stress test a variety of semiconductor and electronic components, printed circuit boards and sub-assemblies. Factors motivating manufacturers to use temperature testing include design characterization, failure analysis and quality control, as well as determining performance under extreme operating temperatures, all of which contribute to manufacturing cost savings. Our thermal platforms and temperature chambers, sold under our Sigma Systems product line, can accommodate large thermal masses and are found in both laboratory and production environments. Thermonics' products provide a range of precision temperature forcing systems and have been melded into Temptronic's ATS ThermoStream product line. The Thermonics brand is now used to market a family of process chillers for test and industrial applications.

Induction Heating. Our acquisition of Ambrell added induction heating capabilities to our product offerings, which can be used by customers in process applications where precision controlled heating is needed. Customers use our induction heating products in conjunction with other technologies in various manufacturing environments to improve production efficiencies. Applications for our EKOHEAT(R) or EASYHEAT™ induction heating products include annealing, bonding, brazing, curing, forging, heat treating, melting, shrink-fitting and testing.

Scalable, Universal, High Performance Interface Technology. Our universal test head manipulators provide a high degree of positioning flexibility with a minimum amount of effort. As a result, our products can be used in virtually any test setting. Our manipulator products are designed to accommodate the increased size of test heads. Our docking hardware products offer precise control over the connection to test sockets, probing assemblies and interface boards, reducing downtime and minimizing costly damage to fragile components. Our newest manipulator and docking hardware designs offer automated capabilities that allow for reduced downtime and increased productivity through predictable and repeatable production setup with reduced risk of operator error. Our tester interface products optimize the integrity of the signals transmitted between the test head and the device under test by being virtually transparent to the test signals. This results in increased accuracy of the test data and may thus enable improved test yields. We believe that these characteristics will gain even more significance as testing becomes even more demanding.

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Compatibility and Integration. A hallmark of our products has been, and continues to be, compatibility with a wide variety of ATE. Our manipulator and docking hardware products are all designed to be used with otherwise incompatible ATE. We believe this integrated approach to ATE facilitates smooth changeover from one tester to another, longer lives for interface components, better test results, increased ATE utilization and lower overall test costs.
Worldwide Customer Service and Support. We have long recognized the need to maintain a physical presence near our customers' facilities. As of December 31, 2020, we had domestic manufacturing facilities in Massachusetts, New Jersey and New York and provided service to our customers from sales and service personnel based in the U.S., Europe and Asia. Our engineers are easily accessible to, and can work directly with, most of our customers from the time we begin developing our initial proposal, through the delivery, installation and use of the product by our customer. In this way, we are able to develop and maintain close relationships with our customers.
OUR STRATEGIES
In connection with the changes in our executive management team during the third quarter of 2020, which are discussed further in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements, we have recently announced changes in our corporate vision and strategy. Our corporate vision is to become the supplier of choice for innovative test and process technology solutions. We are committed to becoming recognized as a leader in our markets for design and manufacturing capabilities that result in high quality and cost-effective test and process solutions combined with a customer focus that drives a high level of customer satisfaction. We intend to achieve this vision through developing unique and differentiated solutions for the customers and industries we serve while at the same time expanding our portfolio of products, services, and support to drive increased value to our customers, thereby driving increased revenue for us. Our core strategies that we believe will allow us to achieve this vision and provide sustainable long-term growth are as follows:

Global and Market Expansion. We believe we can provide significant and sustainable long-term growth through a larger installed product base. In order to achieve this objective, we intend to make investments to drive further penetration in our existing markets. This may include initiatives to increase revenue both by selling a broader array of our current portfolio of products to our existing customer base as well as by expanding our customer base within these markets. In addition, we intend to increase our global footprint and coverage to better serve new and existing customers. Finally, our strategy in this area includes targeting expansion into new markets with our existing product portfolio.
Innovation and Differentiation. We plan to continue leveraging our know-how and expertise to deliver innovative solutions which we believe our competitors cannot match. We intend to allocate increased engineering resources towards developing new and unique solutions that are broadly applicable through standardized platforms that offer late-stage configuration. We believe this focus on driving more standardization to increase market availability and lower costs can positively impact our operational results as well as increase the breadth and depth of our customer base, both of which we expect will drive long-term sustainable growth in our revenue.

Service and Support. We believe service and support activities are valuable in strengthening customer satisfaction, loyalty and retention. Through ensuring that we serve our customers’ needs, whether by expanding service coverage and decreasing response time or through expanded and enhanced service offerings, we believe we can drive revenue growth and solidify our customer relationships. We plan to achieve these objectives by adding more resources to fill areas where we have identified gaps in service and support, as well as through adding remote service capabilities which can monitor the health of our products that are onsite at customer locations. In addition, we intend to focus on expanding our product portfolio to include more consumable products. We believe that increasing the number of ways and the frequency with which we make customer contacts can drive growth in our business in the future.

Strategic Acquisitions & Partnerships. Another element of our growth strategy has been, and will continue to be, to acquire businesses, technologies or products that are complementary to our current product offerings. We have acquired several businesses that have enabled us to expand our line of product offerings and have given us the opportunity to market a broader range of products to our customer base. We intend to continue to pursue acquisitions that help build our portfolio of technologies to better serve customers. These could be acquisitions which add to an existing business by expanding its product line or geographic presence, or new businesses that would allow us to expand our customer base and our served markets. We intend to explore opportunities across both of our product segments with the goal of expanding our electronic test capabilities, widening our thermal test capabilities in areas such as environmental test, and building out around the processing technologies that Ambrell added to our product offerings.

Talent and Culture. We believe ensuring the right people are in the right roles and are empowered to deliver success is crucial to the achievement of our core strategies. In addition, we intend to create a culture and environment of openness, one that is results-oriented and drives accountability across the organization. Finally, we intend to foster diversity and inclusion and provide opportunities for career development so as to maximize employee engagement, all of which is necessary to achieving our corporate vision.

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OUR SEGMENTS
As noted above, we have two operating segments, Thermal and EMS, which are also our reporting units. Our Thermal segment consists of (i) inTEST Thermal Solutions (“iTS”), which manufactures and sells products under the Temptronic, Sigma and Thermonics brand names, and (ii) Ambrell. iTS has operations in Massachusetts, Germany and Singapore. Ambrell has operations in New York, the Netherlands and the U.K. Customers use the thermal solutions produced by iTS for product development, characterization and production test or process applications. Ambrell provides customers with induction heating system solutions for conditioning, joining, and forming conductive materials in the manufacturing process. Our Thermal segment provides these solutions across an array of markets including automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical, semiconductor and telecommunications.
Our EMS segment consists of our manufacturing operations in New Jersey and, prior to December 31, 2020, our manufacturing operations in California. As discussed further in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements, during the fourth quarter of 2020, we transitioned the manufacturing operations that had been performed in California to our operation in New Jersey. Semiconductor manufacturers use our EMS solutions in back-end testing where our mechanical and electrical products serve production testing of wafers and specialized packaged ICs. These ICs include microprocessors, digital signal processing chips, mixed signal devices, MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems), application specific ICs and specialized memory ICs, and are used primarily in the automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical and telecommunications markets. We custom design most of our products for each customer's particular combination of ATE.

Thermal Products
ThermoStream(R) Products: Our ThermoStream(R) products are used in the Semi Market as a stand-alone temperature management tool, or in a variety of electronic test applications as part of our MobileTemp systems. ThermoStream(R) products provide a source of heated and cooled air that can be directed over the component or device under test. These systems are capable of controlling temperatures to within +/- 0.1 degree Celsius over a range of -100 degrees Celsius to as high as +300 degrees Celsius within 1.0 degree Celsius of accuracy. As a stand-alone tool, ThermoStreams(R) provide a temperature-controlled air stream to rapidly change and stabilize the temperature of packaged ICs and other devices.
Our MobileTemp Series combines our ThermoStream(R) products with our family of exclusive, high-speed ThermoChambers to offer thermal test systems with fast, uniform temperature control in a compact package enabling temperature testing at the test location. MobileTemp Systems are designed specifically for small thermal-mass applications beyond the Semi Market and have found application in the automotive, electronic, fiber optic and oil field service markets testing such things as electronic sub-assemblies, sensor assemblies, and printed circuit boards.
Traditionally, our customers use ThermoStream(R) products primarily in engineering, quality assurance and small-run manufacturing environments. ThermoStream(R) and MobileTemp products range in price from approximately $15,000 to $50,000.
Thermal Chambers: Our chamber products are available in a variety of sizes, from small bench-top units to chambers with internal volumes of twenty-seven cubic feet and greater and with temperature ranges as wide as from -190 degrees Celsius to +500 degrees Celsius. Chambers can be designed to utilize liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide cooling or mechanical refrigeration, and sometimes both. These chambers can accommodate large thermal masses and are found in both laboratory and production environments. Chambers are priced from $15,000 to $150,000.
Thermal Platforms: Our platforms are available in surface sizes ranging from 7.2 square inches to 616 square inches. They provide a flat, thermally conductive, precisely temperature controllable surface that is ideal for conditioning of testing devices with a flat surface. Platforms are available with temperature ranges as broad as -100 degrees Celsius to +250 degrees Celsius. Thermal platforms can be designed to utilize either liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide cooling or mechanical refrigeration. Platforms offer virtually unimpeded access to the device under test and their easy access and compact size makes them ideal for convenient bench-top use. Platforms are priced from $6,500 to $65,000.
Thermonics(R) Products: Our Thermonics temperature conditioning products, which include our process chillers, provide tempered gas or fluid to enable customers to maintain desired thermal conditions within their tool or process. Applications include general industrial, chemical processing, energy, electronics, automotive, defense/aerospace and semiconductor markets. Prices range from $20,000 to greater than $250,000.
EKOHEAT(R) Products: Our EKOHEAT(R) induction heating systems with power ratings from 10kW to 500kW are manufactured by Ambrell and are used to conduct fast, efficient, repeatable non-contact heating of metals or other electrically conductive materials in order to transform raw materials into finished parts. Prices range from $25,000 to $250,000.

EASYHEAT™ Products: Our compact EASYHEAT™ induction heating systems with power ratings from 1kW to 10kW are manufactured by Ambrell are used to conduct fast, efficient, repeatable non-contact heating of metals or other electrically conductive materials in order to transform raw materials into finished parts. Prices range from $5,000 to $25,000.

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Applications for both EKOHEAT(R) and EASYHEAT™ products include annealing, bonding, brazing, curing, forging, heat treating, melting, shrink-fitting, soldering and testing.

EMS Products
Manipulator Products. We offer three lines of manipulator products: the in2(R), the Cobal and the LS Series. These free-standing universal manipulators can hold a variety of test heads and enable an operator to reposition a test head for alternate use with any one of several probers or handlers on a test floor.
Our manipulator products incorporate a balanced floating-head design. This design permits a test head weighing up to 1,760 pounds to be held in an effectively weightless state, so it can be moved manually or with optional powered assistance, up or down, right or left, forward or backward and rotated around each axis (known as six degrees of motion freedom) by an operator using a modest amount of force or with a computer controlled pendant. The same design features enable the operator to dock the test head without causing inadvertent damage to the fragile electrical contacts. As a result, after testing a particular production lot of ICs, the operator can quickly and easily disconnect a test head that is held in an in2(R) or Cobal Series manipulator and equipped with our docking hardware and dock it to another electronic device handler for testing either a subsequent lot of the same packaged ICs or to test different ICs. With the LS Series manipulators, the undocking, movement of the test head and redocking can be done automatically through the pendant. Our manipulator products range in price from approximately $12,000 to $75,000.
Docking Hardware Products. We offer two lines of docking hardware products: fixed manual docking and IntelliDock pin and cup docking. Both types protect the delicate interface contacts and ensure proper repeatable and precise alignment between the test head's interface board and the prober's probing assembly or the handler's test socket as they are brought together, or "docked." Fixed manual docking includes a mechanical cam mechanism to dock and lock the test head to the prober or handler. IntelliDock is an automated docking solution that provides operator feedback for each docking step via a touchscreen display, and when coupled with the LS Series manipulator, redeployment of the test head can be done automatically and accurately via the computer pendant. Both types of docking hardware products eliminate motion of the test head relative to the prober or handler once docked. This minimizes deterioration of the interface boards, test sockets and probing assemblies that is caused by constant vibration during testing. Our docking hardware products are used primarily with floating-head universal manipulators when maximum mobility and inter-changeability of handlers and probers between test heads is required. By using our docking hardware products, semiconductor manufacturers can achieve cost savings through improved ATE utilization, improved accuracy and integrity of test results, optimized floor support and reduced repairs and replacements of expensive ATE interface products.
We believe our docking hardware products offer our customers the ability to make various competing brands of test heads compatible with various brands of probers and handlers by only changing interface boards. This is called "plug-compatibility." Plug-compatibility enables increased flexibility and utilization of test heads, probers and handlers purchased from various ATE manufacturers. We believe that because we do not compete with ATE manufacturers in the sale of probers, handlers or testers, ATE manufacturers are willing to provide us with the information that is integral to the design of plug-compatible products. Our docking hardware products range in price from approximately $2,000 to $25,000.
Interface Products. Our tester interface products provide the electrical connections between the tester and the wafer prober or IC handler to carry the electrical signals between the tester and the probe card on the prober or the test socket on the handler. Our designs optimize the integrity of the transmitted signal. Therefore, our tester interfaces can be used with high speed, high frequency, digital or mixed signal testers used in testing more complex ICs. Because our tester interface products enable the tester to provide more reliable yield data, our interfaces may also reduce IC production costs. We design standard and modular interface products to address most possible tester/prober combinations on the market today. In addition, we provide a custom design service that will allow any of our customers to use virtually any tester, prober or handler combination with any type of device, such as analog, digital, mixed signal and radio frequency. For example, our Centaur(R) modular interface is designed to provide flexibility and scalability through the use of replaceable signal modules which can be easily changed on the test floor as our customers' testing requirements change. In addition to the Centaur(R) modular interface, we also offer over 200 different types of tester interface models that we custom designed for our customers' specific applications. These tester interface products range in price from approximately $7,000 to $110,000.

Financial Information About Operating Segments and Geographic Areas
Please see Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Report on Form 10-K for additional data regarding net revenues, profit or loss and total assets of each of our segments and revenues attributable to foreign countries.

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MARKETING, SALES AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT
We market and sell our products primarily in markets where semiconductors are manufactured. North American and European semiconductor manufacturers, as well as third-party foundries, test and assembly providers, have located most of their back-end factories in Southeast Asia. The front-end wafer fabrication plants of U.S. semiconductor manufacturers are primarily in the U.S. Likewise, European, Taiwanese, South Korean and Japanese semiconductor manufacturers generally have located their wafer fabrication plants in their respective countries. We have been providing a greater number of engineered solutions to markets outside the Semi Market. These are thermal-based solutions that fall into the categories of test and process, involving automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical and telecommunications markets.

Thermal Products: We market our thermal products brands, Temptronic, Sigma and Thermonics, under the umbrella name of inTEST Thermal Solutions and sales to ATE manufacturers are handled directly by our own sales force. Sales to semiconductor manufacturers and customers in other markets in the U.S. are handled through independent sales representative organizations. In Singapore and Malaysia, our sales and service are handled through our internal sales and service staff. In the rest of Asia, our sales are handled through distributors. In Europe, sales managers at our office in Germany, as well as regional distributors and independent sales representatives, sell to semiconductor manufacturers and customers in other markets. We communicate with our distributors regularly and have trained them to sell and service our thermal products.
We market our EASYHEAT™ and EKOHEAT(R) precision induction heating equipment to manufacturers who require specialized industrial heating in a wide array of industries, including automotive, aerospace and semiconductor, and are sold globally through a combination of regional sales managers, independent sales representatives and independent distributors. In North America, direct regional sales managers provide sales coverage augmented by independent sales representatives. In Europe, direct sales managers provide sales coverage augmented by independent distributors. In Asia, distributors have responsibility for sales and service of our products. We generate a significant portion of our sales leads through our website as well as through trade show attendance. However, as a result of COVID-19, the majority of the trade shows we would have normally attended were either canceled or held virtually during 2020. We believe this negatively impacted our revenue for our induction heating products during 2020. We continue to focus on other methods of lead generation and expect that trade show attendance will resume in 2021.

We also provide induction heating product support through our SmartCARE Service offering, which includes equipment repairs and training, preventative maintenance, enhanced warranties and spare parts. Our field service engineers, located in the U.S. and Europe, provide service and support globally. Additionally, a number of distributors in Europe and Asia have factory-trained service technicians.
EMS Products: In North America, we sell to semiconductor manufacturers principally through independent, commissioned sales representatives. North American sales representatives also coordinate product installation and support with our technical staff and participate in trade shows. As a result of COVID-19, the majority of the trade shows we would have normally attended were either canceled or held virtually during 2020, however, unlike for our induction heating products, our sales lead generation activities are not significantly reliant on trade show attendance.
Our internal sales account managers handle sales to ATE manufacturers and are responsible for a portfolio of customer accounts and for managing certain independent sales representatives. In addition, our sales account managers are responsible for pricing, quotations, proposals and transaction negotiations, and they assist with applications engineering and custom product design. Technical support is provided to North American customers and independent sales representatives by employees based in New Jersey, California and Texas.
In Europe, we sell to semiconductor and ATE manufacturers through our internal sales staff. Technical support is provided by our staff in the U.K. In China, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand, we sell through the use of independent sales representatives who are supervised by our internal sales staff. In Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan, our sales are handled by our internal sales staff. International sales representatives are responsible for sales, installation, support and trade show participation in their geographic market areas. Technical support is provided to Asian customers primarily by employees based in Malaysia, the Philippines and Taiwan.

CUSTOMERS
We market all of our products to end users including semiconductor manufacturers, third-party foundries and test and assembly providers, as well as to original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), which include ATE manufacturers and their third-party outsource manufacturing partners. In the case of thermal products, we also market our products to independent testers of semiconductors, manufacturers of automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical and telecommunications products, semiconductor research facilities, and manufacturers and manufacturing process integrators for a variety of industrial process applications. Our customers use our products principally in production testing or process/manufacturing applications, although our ThermoStream(R) products traditionally have been used largely in engineering development and quality assurance. We believe that we sell to most of the major semiconductor manufacturers in the world.

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During the year ended December 31, 2020, no customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated net revenues. During the year ended December 31, 2019, Texas Instruments Incorporated accounted for 10% of our consolidated net revenues. While both of our operating segments sold products to this customer, these revenues were primarily generated by our EMS segment. During the year ended December 31, 2019, no other customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated net revenues. Our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 35% and 34% of our consolidated net revenues in 2020 and 2019, respectively. The loss of any one or more of our largest customers, or a reduction in orders by a major customer, could materially reduce our net revenues or otherwise materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our largest customers in 2020 include:

Semiconductor Manufacturers | Other
Aixtron SE | Emerson Electric Co.
Analog Devices, Inc. | Hakuto Co. Ltd.
NXP Semiconductors N.V. | Lockheed Martin Corporation
QUALCOMM Incorporated | Raytheon Company
Renesas Electronics Corporation |
Texas Instruments Incorporated |

MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLY

As of December 31, 2020, our principal manufacturing operations consisted of assembly and testing at our facilities in Massachusetts, New Jersey and New York. As discussed further in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements, during the fourth quarter of 2020, we transitioned the manufacturing of our tester interface products from our facility in Fremont, California to our facility in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey. We assemble most of our products from a combination of standard components and custom parts that have been fabricated to our specifications by either third-party manufacturers or our own fabrication operation in New Jersey. Our practice is to use the highest quality raw materials and components in our products. The primary raw materials used in fabricated parts are widely available. Substantially all of our components are purchased from multiple suppliers, however certain raw materials and components are sourced from single suppliers. Although, from time to time, certain components may be in short supply due to high demand or inability of vendors to meet quality or delivery requirements, we believe that all materials and components are available in adequate amounts from other sources.

We conduct inspections of incoming raw materials, fabricated parts and components using sophisticated measurement equipment. This includes testing with coordinate measuring machines in all but one of our manufacturing facilities to ensure that products with critical dimensions meet our specifications. We have designed our inspection standards to comply with applicable MIL specifications and ANSI standards.
Our Massachusetts facility is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Our New York facility is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Our New Jersey facility manufacture products only for the semiconductor industry where ISO certification is not required. However, this location does employ the practices embodied in the ISO 9001:2008.
ENGINEERING AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Our success depends on our ability to provide our customers with products and solutions that are well engineered and to design those products and solutions before, or at least no later than, our competitors. As of December 31, 2020, we employed a total of 45 engineers engaged in engineering and product development. In addition, when the demands of engineering and product development projects exceed the capacity or knowledge of our in-house staff, we retain temporary third-party engineering and product development consultants to assist us. Our practice in many cases is to assign engineers to work with specific customers, thereby enabling us to develop the relationships and exchange of information that is most conducive to successful product development and enhancement. In addition, some of our engineers are assigned to new product research and development and have worked on such projects as the development of new types of universal manipulators, the redesign and development of new thermal products and the development of high-performance interfaces.
Since most of our products are customized, we consider substantially all of our engineering activities to be engineering and product development. We spent approximately $5.0 million in each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 on engineering and product development.

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PATENTS AND OTHER PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
Our policy is to protect our technology by filing patent applications for the technologies that we consider important to our business. We also rely on trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights and unpatented know-how to protect our proprietary rights. It is our practice to require that all of our employees and third-party product development consultants assign to us all rights to inventions or other discoveries relating to our business that were made while working for us. In addition, all employees and third-party product development consultants agree not to disclose any private or confidential information relating to our technology, trade secrets or intellectual property.

As of December 31, 2020, we held 62 active U.S. patents and had two pending U.S. patent applications covering various aspects of our technology. Our U.S. patents expire at various times beginning in 2021 and extending through 2038. During 2020, two U.S. patents were issued and four U.S. patents expired. We do not believe that the upcoming expiration of certain of our patents in 2021 will have a material impact on our business. We also hold foreign patents and file foreign patent applications, in selected cases corresponding to our U.S. patents and patent applications, to the extent management deems appropriate.
While we believe that our patents and other proprietary rights are important to our business, we also believe that, due to the rapid pace of technological change in the markets we serve, the successful manufacture and sale of our products also depends upon our engineering, manufacturing, marketing and servicing skills. In the absence of patent protection, we would be vulnerable to competitors who attempt to copy or imitate our products or processes. We believe our intellectual property has value, and we have taken in the past, and will take in the future, actions we deem appropriate to protect such property from misappropriation. There can be no assurance, however, that such actions will provide meaningful protection from competition. For additional information regarding risks related to our intellectual property, see the "Risk Factors" section of this Report.

COMPETITION
We operate in an increasingly competitive environment within both of our operating segments. Some of our competitors have greater financial resources and more extensive design and production capabilities than us. Certain markets in which we operate have become more fragmented, with smaller companies entering the market. These new smaller entrants typically have much lower levels of fixed operating overhead than us, which enables them to be profitable with lower priced products. In order to remain competitive with these and other companies, we must continue to commit a significant portion of our personnel, financial resources, research and development and customer support to developing new products and maintaining customer relationships worldwide.
Our competitors include independent manufacturers, ATE manufacturers and, to a lesser extent, semiconductor manufacturers' in-house ATE interface groups. Competitive factors in the markets we serve include price, functionality, timely product delivery, customer service, applications support, product performance and reliability. We believe that our long-term relationships with our customers in the various markets we support and our commitment to, and reputation for, providing high quality products, are important elements in our ability to compete effectively in all of our markets.

Our principal competitors for Thermostream(R) products are FTS Systems, a part of SP Industries, and MPI Corporation. Our principal competitors for environmental chambers are Cincinnati Sub-Zero Products, Inc., Espec Corp. and Thermotron Industries. Our principal competitor for thermal platforms is Environmental Stress Systems Inc. Our principal competitors for EKOHEAT(R) and EASYHEAT™ products are Inductotherm Corporation, Park-Ohio Holdings, EFD Induction Corporation, Trumpf Huettinger GmbH, Ultraflex Power Technologies and CEIA SpA.
Our principal competitors for manipulator products are Advantest Corporation, Esmo AG, Reid-Ashman Manufacturing and Teradyne, Inc. Our principal competitors for docking hardware products include Advantest Corporation, Esmo AG, Knight Automation, Reid-Ashman Manufacturing and Teradyne, Inc. Our principal competitors for tester interface products are Advantest Corporation, Esmo AG, Reid-Ashman Manufacturing and Teradyne, Inc.
BACKLOG
At December 31, 2020, our backlog of unfilled orders for all products was $11.5 million compared with $5.5 million at December 31, 2019. Our backlog includes customer orders that we have accepted, substantially all of which we expect to deliver in 2021. While backlog is calculated on the basis of firm purchase orders, a customer may cancel an order or accelerate or postpone currently scheduled delivery dates. Our backlog may be affected by the tendency of customers to rely on shorter lead times available from suppliers, including us, in periods of depressed demand. In periods of increased demand, there is a tendency towards longer lead times, which has the effect of increasing backlog. As a result of these factors, our backlog at a particular date is not necessarily indicative of sales for any future period.

EMPLOYEES
At December 31, 2020, we had 204 employees (199 of which were full-time), including 112 in manufacturing operations, 54 in customer support/operations and 38 in administration. Substantially all of our key employees are highly skilled and trained technical personnel. None of our employees are represented by a labor union, and we have never experienced a work stoppage. From time to time, we retain third-party contractors to assist us in manufacturing operations and engineering and product development projects.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports that are filed with the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), are available free of charge through our website (www.intest.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. We also routinely post press releases, presentations, webcasts and other information regarding the Company on our website. The information posted to our website is not part of this Report.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

The following are some of the factors that could materially and adversely affect our future performance or could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only risks facing us and we cannot predict every event and circumstance that may adversely affect our business. However, these risks and uncertainties are the most significant factors that we have identified at this time. If one or more of these risks actually occurs, our business, results of operations and/or financial condition could suffer, and the price of our stock could be negatively affected.

RISKS RELATED TO COVID-19

Our business, results of operations and financial condition and the market price of our common stock have been and may continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the first half of 2020, our business was adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. During the second half of the year, the negative impact of COVID-19 on our business was reduced significantly. However, COVID-19 continues to cause disruptions, both domestically and globally, and we believe the situation will remain challenging until the spread of the virus or variants of the virus can be contained which we believe will not occur until the global dissemination and inoculation of recently introduced vaccines is substantially complete. As of the date of this filing, all of our operations continue to be deemed “critical and essential business operations” under the various governmental COVID-19 mandates which has allowed us to continue to operate our business with certain modifications. The spread of the virus or variants of the virus could worsen and one or more of our significant customers or suppliers could be impacted, or significant additional governmental regulations and restrictions could be imposed, thus negatively impacting our business in the future.

We have had occasions where one or more employees have contracted COVID-19 and entered our facilities while infected. We have managed these occurrences with minimal disruption to our business while protecting other employees, but there can be no assurances that we can avoid similar occurrences in the future or that, in such cases, we can avoid significant disruption of our operations as a result of such occurrences. Should this occur, or should we have employees who become ill or otherwise are unable to work as a result of COVID-19, we may experience limitations in employee resources or may be required to close affected facilities for a time to clean and disinfect appropriately, and allow employees to quarantine, as appropriate.

Our net revenues from all of the markets we serve were significantly affected by COVID-19 during the first half of 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on our net revenues from the Semi Market was intensified during the first half of the year because our business operations were also being negatively affected by a global downturn in the Semi Market at that time. We believe the level of increase in our orders from the Semi Market during the fourth quarter of 2020 reflects a combination of increased demand in the market resulting from the interruption of the normal recovery in the Semi Market cycle caused by the onset of COVID-19 in the first half of 2020, as well as increased demand for semiconductors, generally. If the trend in our orders from customers in the Semi Market declines, in particular, if the spread of COVID-19 is not further contained and one or more of our significant customers is negatively impacted, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. In addition, the aftermarket service and support that we provide to our customers has been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by COVID-19 due to travel restrictions and limitations on visitors allowed into customer facilities, which has resulted in some of these activities being reduced or suspended.

Generally, global supply chains and the timely availability of products have been materially disrupted by quarantines, factory slowdowns or shutdowns, border closings and travel restrictions resulting from COVID-19. To date, we have not experienced significant price increases or lack of availability from our normal suppliers for the materials needed to produce our products in a timely manner and/or with the level of margins we typically expect to achieve. However, if the spread of COVID-19 or its variants is not further contained and one or more of our significant suppliers is negatively impacted, we could experience delays in receipt of materials or price increases in the future which could have a material negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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The adverse effects of COVID-19 on our business could be material in future periods, particularly if there are significant and prolonged economic slowdowns in regions where we derive a significant amount of our revenue or profit, or where our suppliers are located, or if we are forced to close facilities and limit or cease manufacturing operations for extended periods of time. We could experience delays in receipt of customer orders, cancellation or postponement of existing orders. Further, as a result of COVID-19, our ability to fulfill orders within the proposed parameters at the time of order, including within the approximated timeline and estimated cost, may be negatively affected. This could lead to a reduction in revenue and/or an increase in our cost of revenues in future periods and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. COVID-19 has also led to extreme volatility in capital markets and has adversely affected, and may adversely affect, the market price of our common stock in the future. As a result of any negative impact of COVID-19 on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, we may determine that our goodwill and long-lived assets are impaired, which would result in recording an impairment charge. The amount of any such impairment charge could be material.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR MARKETS

Our sales are affected by the cyclicality of the Semi Market, which causes our operating results to fluctuate significantly.

Our business depends in significant part upon the capital expenditures of semiconductor manufacturers. Capital expenditures by these companies depend upon, among other things, the current and anticipated market demand for semiconductors and the products that utilize them. Typically, semiconductor manufacturers curtail capital expenditures during periods of economic downturn. Conversely, semiconductor manufacturers increase capital expenditures when market demand requires the addition of new or expanded production capabilities or the reconfiguration of existing fabrication facilities to accommodate new products. These market changes have contributed in the past, and will likely continue to contribute in the future, to fluctuations in our operating results.

We seek to further diversify the markets for our thermal products in order to increase the proportion of our sales attributable to markets which are less subject to cyclicality than the Semi Market. If we are unable to do so, our future performance will remain substantially exposed to the fluctuations of the cyclicality of the Semi Market.

Since 2009, we have sold our thermal products in markets outside of the Semi Market, including the automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical and telecommunications markets. We refer to these other markets collectively as Multimarket. During 2020 and 2019, our Multimarket sales were $27.0 million and $29.7 million, respectively, and represented 50% and 49% of our consolidated net revenues, respectively. Prior to our acquisition of Ambrell, we offered only highly specialized engineering solutions in Multimarket, the demand for which is limited and which we expect may vary significantly from period to period. Our goal is to increase our Multimarket sales; however, in most cases, the expansion of our thermal product sales into these new markets has occurred in the last several years, and we may experience difficulty in expanding our sales efforts further into these markets. These difficulties could include hiring sales and marketing staff with sufficient experience selling into these new markets and our ability to continue to develop products which meet the needs of customers in these markets and which are not currently offered by our competitors. In addition, due to the highly specialized nature of certain of our product offerings in Multimarket, we do not expect broad market penetration in many of these markets. If we are unable to expand our Multimarket sales, our net revenues and results of operations will remain substantially dependent upon the cycles of the Semi Market.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS OPERATIONS

The efficiencies or benefits we expect from the consolidation of our EMS manufacturing operations may not be realized which could result in higher-than-expected costs in future periods, a negative impact on our reputation and lost business opportunities.

On September 21, 2020, we notified employees in our Fremont, California facility of a plan to consolidate all manufacturing operations for our EMS segment into our manufacturing operations located in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey. Prior to the consolidation, our interface products were manufactured in the Fremont facility, and our manipulator and docking hardware products were manufactured in the Mt. Laurel facility. The consolidation was substantially completed during the fourth quarter of 2020. We are also currently in the process of reducing the size of our manufacturing facility in Mt. Laurel from approximately 55,000 square feet to approximately 34,000 square feet. The consolidation of manufacturing operations and footprint reduction in the Mt. Laurel facility were undertaken to better serve customers through streamlined operations and reduce the fixed annual operating costs for the EMS segment. A small engineering and sales office will be maintained in northern California. If we do not achieve the efficiencies and benefits we currently anticipate as a result of the consolidation, or if we determine that the reduction in manufacturing space is not sustainable, our costs could be higher than we currently expect in future periods.

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The EMS facility consolidation resulted in the termination of certain employees at the Fremont location, including all of our interface product line assembly staff who were located at that facility. As a result of transitioning our interface manufacturing operations to New Jersey, we have hired new production staff for this product line in our Mt. Laurel facility. These new employees are being trained to assemble our products and therefore are not yet as efficient or experienced as the employees that were terminated in the Fremont location. As a result, we may experience increased lead times for our interface products for the next several months which could impact customer shipments as well as quality of our interface products. This may be further exacerbated by the recent surge in demand that we have experienced for our EMS products. If we do not meet our customers’ expectations for on-time delivery and quality, this could impact our reputation and result in lost business opportunities. Additionally, we may incur higher levels of warranty costs over the next several months as a result of the potential inability to meet customer quality requirements. This could increase our costs in future periods. The occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition in future periods.

If our suppliers do not meet product or delivery requirements, we could have reduced revenues and earnings.

Certain components of our products may be in short supply from time to time because of high demand or the inability of some vendors to consistently meet our quality or delivery requirements. A significant portion of our material purchases require some custom work, and there are not always multiple suppliers capable of performing such custom work on a timely or cost-effective basis. If any of our suppliers were to cancel commitments or fail to meet quality or delivery requirements needed to satisfy customer orders for our products, we could lose time-sensitive customer orders, have reduced revenues and earnings, and be subject to contractual penalties, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

A breach of our operational or security systems could negatively affect our business, our reputation and results of operations.

We rely on various information technology networks and systems, some of which are managed by third parties, to process, transmit and store electronic information, including confidential data, and to carry out and support a variety of business activities, including manufacturing, research and development, supply chain management, sales and accounting. A failure in, or a breach of, our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our suppliers and other service providers, including as a result of cyberattacks, could disrupt our business, result in the disclosure or misuse of proprietary or confidential information, result in litigation, damage our reputation, cause losses and significantly increase our costs. Although we have been the target of security breaches in the past, we have not experienced material losses to date related to such incidents. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that we will not suffer such losses in the future. In addition, domestic and international regulatory agencies have implemented, and are continuing to implement, various reporting and remediation requirements that companies must comply with upon learning of a breach. While we have insurance that may protect us from incurring some of these costs, there is no assurance that such insurance coverage is adequate to cover all costs and damages incurred in connection with a cyberattack.

Our business may suffer if we are unable to attract and retain key employees or hire personnel at the costs we currently project.

Our future success will depend largely upon the continued services of our senior management and other key employees or the development of successors with commensurate skills and talents in a timely fashion and at the costs we project. If we cannot continue to increase employee salaries and maintain employee benefits commensurate with competitive opportunities, we may not be able to retain our senior management and other key employees. The loss of key personnel could adversely affect our ability to manage our business effectively and could increase our costs in future periods.

We have recently experienced difficulty in hiring personnel at the costs projected in our forecasts. This has resulted in the need to increase the labor rates offered for certain positions. If we cannot find savings in other areas or increase the price for which we sell our products in an amount sufficient to cover these additional labor costs, we may experience reduced margins in future periods.

We have experienced and may continue to experience significant variability in our effective tax rates and may have exposure to additional tax liabilities and costs.
We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and various other countries in which we operate. Our effective tax rate is dependent on where our earnings are generated and the tax regulations and the interpretation and judgment of administrative tax or revenue entities in the U.S. and other countries. We are also subject to tax audits in the countries where we operate. Any material assessment resulting from an audit from an administrative tax or revenue entity could negatively affect our financial results.

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RISKS RELATED TO OUR AQUISITION STRATEGY

We seek to grow our business through the acquisition of additional businesses. If we are unable to do so, our future rate of growth may be reduced or limited. We may incur significant expenses related to due diligence or other transaction-related expenses for a proposed acquisition that may not be completed.
A key element of our growth strategy is to acquire businesses, technologies or products that are complementary to our current product offerings. We seek to make acquisitions that will further expand our product lines as well as strengthen our positions in served markets and provide expansion into new markets. We may not be able to execute our acquisition strategy and our future growth may be limited if:

| ● | we are unable to identify suitable businesses, technologies or products to acquire;
| ● | we do not have sufficient cash or access to required capital at the necessary time;
| ● | we are unwilling or unable to outbid larger, more resourceful companies; or
| ● | we are unable to successfully close proposed acquisitions.

We may incur significant expenses related to due diligence or other transaction-related expenses for a proposed acquisition that may not be completed, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our acquisition strategy involves financial and management risks which may adversely affect our results in the future.
If we acquire additional businesses, technologies or products, we will face the following additional risks:

| ● | future acquisitions could divert management's attention from daily operations or otherwise require additional management, operational and financial resources;
| ● | we might not be able to integrate future acquisitions into our business successfully or operate acquired businesses profitably;
| ● | we may realize substantial acquisition related expenses that would reduce our net earnings in future years; and
| ● | our investigation of potential acquisition candidates may not reveal problems and liabilities of the companies that we acquire.

If any of the events described above occur, our earnings could be reduced. If we issue shares of our stock or other rights to purchase our stock in connection with any future acquisitions, we would dilute our existing stockholders' interests and our earnings per share may decrease. If we issue or incur debt in connection with any future acquisitions, lenders may require that we pledge our assets to secure repayment of such debt and impose covenants on us, which could, among other things, restrict our ability to increase capital expenditures or to acquire additional businesses.

We may attempt to acquire a substantial business that would require us to issue equity or incur significant debt from third parties. If we are unable to secure sufficient financing at terms that are acceptable to us, we may not be able to close the proposed acquisition. Additionally, should we incur significant debt, we may not be able to achieve compliance with all covenants related to the debt depending on our financial results in future periods.

In connection with our acquisition strategy, we are pursuing potential acquisition opportunities that may be significant in size compared to us, which could require us to issue equity or obtain significant third-party financing to close the proposed transaction. We may encounter difficulties in securing necessary financing at terms that would be acceptable to us and may not be able to close on the proposed acquisition. In addition, should we incur significant third-party debt, our future financial results may be negatively impacted by external factors, such as an economic recession, which may impact our ability to achieve compliance with any covenants related to the debt as well as make the required payments under the terms of the indebtedness.

We may acquire businesses in the future and utilize an earnout structure as we have done in prior transactions we have closed. In connection with the earnout, we may be required to accrue significant increases or decreases to the contingent consideration liability we would establish. These adjustments to the contingent consideration liability could cause our results of operations to have increased variability, which may negatively impact our stock’s trading price.

We may utilize an earnout structure on future acquisitions as we have done in prior transactions we have closed. The initial contingent consideration liability is established as part of the accounting for the business combination. In subsequent periods, we are required to estimate the fair value of the contingent consideration associated with any earnout on a quarterly basis and record an adjustment to the contingent consideration liability in our results of operations for the period concerned. The contingent consideration adjustment we record quarterly may cause increased variability in our future results of operations, which may cause fluctuations in our stock price.

-17-

RISKS RELATED TO OUR CUSTOMER BASE

Changes in the buying patterns of our customers have affected, and may continue to affect, demand for our products and our gross and net operating margins. Such changes in patterns are difficult to predict and may not be immediately apparent.

In addition to the cyclicality of the Semi Market, demand for our products and our gross and net operating margins have also been affected by changes in the buying patterns of our customers. Some of the changes in customer buying patterns that have impacted us in the past, and may continue to do so in the future, have included customers placing heightened emphasis on shorter lead times (which places increased demands on our available engineering and production capacity and may result in increasing unit costs) and ordering in smaller quantities (which prevents us from acquiring component materials in larger volumes at lower unit costs.) We have also experienced customer supply chain management groups demanding lower prices and spreading purchases across multiple vendors. We believe some of the changes in customer buying patterns are the result of changes within the Semi Market over the last several years, including, for example, changing product requirements and longer time periods between new product offerings by OEMs. Such shifts in market practices have had, and may continue to have, varying degrees of impact on our net revenues and our gross and net operating margins. Such shifts are difficult to predict and may not be immediately apparent, and the impact of these practices is difficult to quantify from period to period. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in implementing effective strategies to counter these shifts.

We generate a large portion of our sales from a small number of customers. If we were to lose one or more of our large customers, our operating results could suffer dramatically.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, no customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated net revenues. During the year ended December 31, 2019, Texas Instruments Incorporated accounted for 10% of our consolidated net revenues. While both of our operating segments sold products to this customer, these revenues were primarily generated by our EMS segment. During the year ended December 31, 2019, no other customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated net revenues. Our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 35% and 34% of our consolidated net revenues in 2020 and 2019, respectively. The loss of any one or more of our largest customers, or a reduction in orders by a major customer could materially reduce our net revenues or otherwise materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

RISKS RELATED TO COMPETITION

Our business is subject to intense competition, which has in the past and could in the future, materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We face significant competition throughout the world in each of our operating segments. Some of our competitors have substantial financial resources and more extensive design and production capabilities than us. Some of our competitors are much smaller than we are, and therefore have much lower levels of overhead than us, which enables them to sell their competing products at lower prices. In order to remain competitive, we must continually commit a significant portion of our personnel and financial resources to developing new products and maintaining customer satisfaction worldwide. We expect our competitors to continue to improve the performance of their current products and introduce new products or technologies. In the recent past, in response to significant declines in global demand for our products, some competitors have reduced their product pricing significantly, which has led to intensified price-based competition, which has and could continue to materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our industry is subject to rapid technological change, and our business prospects would be negatively affected if we are unable to quickly and effectively respond to innovation in the Semi Market.

Semiconductor technology continues to become more complex as manufacturers incorporate ICs into an increasing variety of products. This trend, and the changes needed in automated testing systems to respond to developments in the semiconductor market, are likely to continue. We cannot be certain that we will be successful or timely in developing, manufacturing or selling products that will satisfy customer needs or that will attain market acceptance. Our failure to provide products that effectively and timely meet customer needs or gain market acceptance will negatively affect our business prospects.

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RISKS RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Claims of intellectual property infringement by or against us could seriously harm our businesses.
From time to time, we may be forced to respond to or prosecute intellectual property infringement claims to defend or protect our rights or a customer's rights. These claims, regardless of merit, may consume valuable management time, result in costly litigation or cause product shipment delays. Any of these factors could seriously harm our business and operating results. We may have to enter into royalty or licensing agreements with third parties who claim infringement. These royalty or licensing agreements, if available, may be costly to us. If we are unable to enter into royalty or licensing agreements with satisfactory terms, our business could suffer. In instances where we have had reason to believe that we may be infringing the patent rights of others, or that someone may be infringing our patent rights, we have asked our patent counsel to evaluate the validity of the patents in question, as well as the potentially infringing conduct. If we become involved in a dispute, neither the third parties nor the courts are bound by our counsel's conclusions.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR OEPRATING RESULTS AND STOCK PRICE

Our operating results often change significantly from quarter to quarter and may cause fluctuations in our stock price.
Historically, our operating results have fluctuated significantly from quarter to quarter. We believe that these fluctuations occur primarily due to the cycles of demand in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. In addition to these changing cycles of demand, other factors that have caused our quarterly operating results to fluctuate in the past or that may cause fluctuations and losses in the future, include:

| ● | the impact of COVID-19 or any other pandemic on our business;
| ● | changes in demand in Multimarket including the automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical and telecommunication markets;
| ● | the state of the U.S. and global economies;
| ● | changes in the buying patterns of our customers including any changes in the rate of, and timing of, purchases by our customers;
| ● | the impact of interruptions in our supply chain caused by external factors;
| ● | changes in our market share;
| ● | costs related to due diligence and transaction-related expenses for a proposed acquisition that does not get completed;
| ● | costs and timing of integration of our acquisitions and plant consolidations and relocations;
| ● | the technological obsolescence of our inventories;
| ● | quantities of our inventories greater than is reasonably likely to be utilized in future periods;
| ● | fluctuations in the level of product warranty charges;
| ● | competitive pricing pressures;
| ● | excess manufacturing capacity;
| ● | our ability to control operating costs;
| ● | delays in shipments of our products;
| ● | the mix of our products sold;
| ● | the mix of customers and geographic regions where we sell our products;
| ● | changes in the level of our fixed costs;
| ● | costs associated with the development of our proprietary technology;
| ● | our ability to obtain raw materials or fabricated parts when needed;
| ● | increases in costs of component materials;
| ● | cancellation or rescheduling of orders by our customers;
| ● | changes in government regulations; and
| ● | political or economic instability.

Because the market price of our common stock has tended to vary based on, and in relation to, changes in our operating results, fluctuations in the market price of our stock are likely to continue as variations in our quarterly results continue.

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RISKS RELATED TO FOREIGN OPERATIONS

A substantial portion of our customers are located outside the U.S., which exposes us to foreign political and economic risks.

We have operated internationally for many years and expect to expand our international operations to continue expansion of our sales and service to our non-U.S. customers. Our foreign subsidiaries generated 14% and 15% of consolidated net revenues in 2020 and 2019, respectively. Net revenues from foreign customers totaled $31.6 million, or 59% of consolidated net revenues in 2020, and $35.4 million, or 58% of consolidated net revenues in 2019. We expect our net revenues from foreign customers will continue to represent a significant portion of total net revenues. In addition to the risks generally associated with sales and operations in the U.S., sales to customers outside the U.S. and operations in foreign countries are subject to additional risks, which may, in the future, affect our operations. These risks include:

| ● | the effects of COVID-19 on markets outside the U.S.;
| ● | the effects of certain foreign customers being added to the list of restricted customers by the U.S. Department of Commerce;
| ● | the implementation of trade tariffs by the U.S. and other countries that would impact our products;
| ● | political and economic instability in foreign countries;
| ● | the imposition of financial and operational controls and regulatory restrictions by foreign governments;
| ● | the need to comply with a wide variety of U.S. and foreign import and export laws;
| ● | local business and cultural factors that differ from our normal standards and practices, including business practices that we are prohibited from engaging in by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption laws and regulations;
| ● | trade restrictions;
| ● | changes in taxes;
| ● | longer payment cycles;
| ● | fluctuations in currency exchange rates; and
| ● | the greater difficulty of administering business abroad.

A significant portion of our cash position is maintained overseas and we may not be able to repatriate cash from overseas when necessary, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition.
While much of our cash is in the U.S., a significant portion is generated from and maintained by our foreign operations. As of December 31, 2020, $3.2 million, or 31%, of our cash and cash equivalents were held by our foreign subsidiaries. Our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted if we are unable to maintain a sufficient level of cash flow in the U.S. to address our cash requirements and if we are unable to efficiently and timely repatriate cash from overseas. Any payment of distributions, loans or advances to us by our foreign subsidiaries could be subject to restrictions on, or taxation of, dividends or repatriation of earnings under applicable local law, monetary transfer restrictions and foreign currency exchange regulations in the jurisdictions in which our subsidiaries operate. If we are unable to repatriate the earnings of our subsidiaries, it could have an adverse impact on our ability to redeploy earnings in other jurisdictions where they could be used more profitably.

Item 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

Item 2. | PROPERTIES

At December 31, 2020, we leased seven facilities worldwide. The following chart provides information regarding each of our principal facilities that we leased at December 31, 2020:

Location | Lease Expiration | Approx. Square Footage | Principal Uses
Mansfield, MA | December 2024(1) | 52,700 | Thermal segment operations (principal facility for iTS)
Mt. Laurel, NJ | April 2021(2) | 54,897 | Corporate headquarters and EMS segment operations
Fremont, CA | November 2025(3) | 15,746 | EMS segment sales and engineering
Rochester, NY | April 2028 | 79,150 | Thermal segment operations (principal facility for Ambrell)

All of our facilities have space to accommodate our needs for the foreseeable future.

| (1) | During the fourth quarter of 2020, we reduced the administrative footprint by 6,100 square feet in our Mansfield, Massachusetts corporate office associated with the reestablishment of the Mt. Laurel, New Jersey office as our corporate headquarters, as more fully discussed in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.

| (2) | On September 22, 2020, we executed an amendment to the lease for our facility in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey, which extended the term of the existing lease for a period of 120 months commencing on May 1, 2021. In addition, effective on August 1, 2021, the leased space will be reduced to approximately 33,650 square feet.

| (3) | During the fourth quarter of 2020, we consolidated all manufacturing operations for our EMS segment into our facility in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey, as more fully discussed in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.

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Item 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time we may be a party to legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently involved in any material legal proceedings.

Item 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market for Common Stock

Our common stock is traded on NYSE American LLC (“NYSE American”) under the symbol "INTT." On March 15, 2021, the closing price for our common stock as reported on the NYSE American was $10.06. As of March 15, 2021, we had 10,703,056 shares outstanding that were held by approximately 1,000 beneficial and record holders.
No dividends were paid on our common stock in the years ended December 31, 2020 or 2019. We do not currently plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our current policy is to use any future earnings for reinvestment in the operation and expansion of our business, including possible acquisitions of other businesses, technologies or products and, when approved by our Board of Directors, to repurchase our outstanding common stock. Payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
Purchases of Equity Securities

There were no shares of our common stock repurchased by us or on our behalf during the three months ended December 31, 2020.

On July 31, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $3.0 million of our common stock from time to time on the open market, in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or in privately negotiated transactions pursuant to a newly authorized stock repurchase plan (the “2019 Repurchase Plan”). Repurchases may be made under a Rule 10b5-1 plan entered into with RW Baird & Co., which would permit shares to be repurchased when we might otherwise be precluded from doing so under insider trading laws and our internal trading windows. The 2019 Repurchase Plan does not obligate us to purchase any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The 2019 Repurchase Plan is funded using our operating cash flow or available cash. Purchases began on September 18, 2019 under this plan. During the quarter ended March 31, 2020, we repurchased 13,767 shares under the 2019 Repurchase Plan at a cost of $74,000, including fees paid to our broker. On March 2, 2020, we suspended repurchases under the 2019 Repurchase Plan and no repurchases have been made since then. From September 18, 2019 through December 31, 2020, we have repurchased a total of 243,075 shares at a cost of $1.2 million, which includes fees paid to our broker of $6,000. All of the repurchased shares were retired.

In addition, on July 31, 2019, our Board of Directors terminated the 2015 Stock Repurchase Plan which had been authorized on October 27, 2015 and under which we had repurchased a total of 297,020 shares at a cost of $1.2 million. The shares were repurchased between December 2015 and January 2017. All of the repurchased shares were retired.

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Item 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table contains certain selected consolidated financial data of inTEST and is qualified by the more detailed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Report and should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the other financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. On May 24, 2017, we completed the acquisition of Ambrell. This acquisition is discussed in further detail in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (“2018 Form 10-K”) filed on March 26, 2019 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including a discussion of the adjustments to our liability for contingent consideration in 2018 and 2017, which are listed below.

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
|  | (in thousands, except per share data) |
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 53,823 |  |  | $ | 60,660 |  |  | $ | 78,563 |  |  | $ | 66,801 |  |  | $ | 40,227 |
Gross margin |  |  | 24,104 |  |  |  | 29,225 |  |  |  | 39,401 |  |  |  | 34,690 |  |  |  | 20,378 |
Adjustment to contingent consideration liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,901 |  |  |  | 6,976 |  |  |  | - |
Operating income (loss) |  |  | (1,217 | ) |  |  | 2,549 |  |  |  | 5,180 |  |  |  | 3,611 |  |  |  | 4,146 |
Net earnings (loss) |  |  | (895 | ) |  |  | 2,322 |  |  |  | 3,037 |  |  |  | 975 |  |  |  | 2,658 |
Net earnings (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |
Diluted |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 10,257 |  |  |  | 10,373 |  |  |  | 10,348 |  |  |  | 10,285 |  |  |  | 10,314 |
Diluted |  |  | 10,257 |  |  |  | 10,392 |  |  |  | 10,382 |  |  |  | 10,339 |  |  |  | 10,333 |

|  | As of December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 10,277 |  |  | $ | 7,612 |  |  | $ | 17,861 |  |  | $ | 13,290 |  |  | $ | 28,611 |
Working capital |  |  | 18,108 |  |  |  | 16,534 |  |  |  | 14,203 |  |  |  | 16,580 |  |  |  | 32,950 |
Total assets |  |  | 62,030 |  |  |  | 59,715 |  |  |  | 67,187 |  |  |  | 62,493 |  |  |  | 42,844 |
Long-term obligations |  |  | 8,422 |  |  |  | 6,520 |  |  |  | 2,889 |  |  |  | 8,786 |  |  |  | - |
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 44,752 |  |  |  | 44,834 |  |  |  | 42,880 |  |  |  | 39,288 |  |  |  | 37,788 |

Item 7. | MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
We are a global supplier of innovative test and process solutions for use in manufacturing and testing across a wide range of markets including automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical, semiconductor and telecommunications. We manage our business as two operating segments: Thermal and EMS. Our Thermal segment designs, manufactures and sells our thermal test and thermal process products while our EMS segment designs, manufactures and sells our semiconductor test products.

Our EMS segment sells its products to semiconductor manufacturers and third-party test and assembly houses (end user sales) and to ATE manufacturers (OEM sales), who ultimately resell our equipment with theirs to both semiconductor manufacturers and third-party test and assembly houses. These sales all fall within the ATE sector of the broader semiconductor market. Our Thermal segment sells its products to many of these same types of customers; however, it also sells to customers in the wafer processing sector within the broader semiconductor market and to customers in a variety of other markets outside the semiconductor market, including the automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial (including consumer products packaging, fiber optics and other sectors within the broader industrial market), medical and telecommunications markets.

Both of our operating segments have multiple products that we design, manufacture and market to our customers. Due to a number of factors, our products have varying levels of gross margin. These factors include, for example, the amount of engineering time required to develop the product, the market or customer to which we sell the product and the level of competing products available from other suppliers. The needs of our customers ultimately determine the products that we sell in a given time period. Therefore, the mix of products sold in a given period can change significantly when compared against the prior period. As a result, our consolidated gross margin may be significantly impacted by a change in the mix of products sold in a particular period.

-22-

Markets

Historically, we referred to our markets as “Semiconductor” (which included both the broader semiconductor market as well as the more specialized semiconductor ATE and wafer processing sectors within the broader semiconductor market), and “Non-Semiconductor” (which included all of the other markets we serve). In the second quarter of 2019, we began referring to the semiconductor market, including the ATE and wafer processing sectors within that market, as the “Semi Market.” All other markets are designated as “Multimarket.” Business within our Thermal segment can fall into either the Semi Market or Multimarket, depending upon how our customers utilize our products or upon their respective applications.

While the Semi Market represents the historical roots of inTEST and remains a very important component of our business, Multimarket is where we have focused our strategic growth efforts in the last several years. Our goal was to grow our business, both organically and through acquisition, in these markets as we believe these markets have historically been less cyclical than the Semi Market. Moving forward, with the launch of our new strategic plan which is discussed in Part 1, Item 1 under “Our Strategies”, we intend to broaden our strategic growth efforts to target both organic and inorganic growth in all of our currently served markets, which includes the Semi Market. Our goal is to further expand our existing product lines, strengthen our positions in served markets and drive expansion into new markets.

Prior to our acquisition of Ambrell Corporation (“Ambrell”) in May 2017, we offered only highly specialized engineering solutions used for testing applications in Multimarket, the demand for which is limited and which varies significantly from period to period. Our acquisition of Ambrell not only provided expansion into new markets but also broadened our product offerings to include products sold into process or manufacturing applications. Historically, Ambrell sold its precision induction heating systems almost exclusively to customers in the industrial market but since 2018, has also had significant sales into the Semi Market. Overall, however, the acquisition of Ambrell has helped to diversify our customer base.

The portion of our business that is derived from the Semi Market is substantially dependent upon the demand for ATE by semiconductor manufacturers and companies that specialize in the testing of integrated circuits or, for Ambrell, the demand for wafer processing equipment. Demand for ATE or wafer processing equipment is driven by semiconductor manufacturers that are opening new, or expanding existing, semiconductor fabrication facilities or upgrading equipment, which in turn is dependent upon the current and anticipated market demand for semiconductors and products incorporating semiconductors. Such market demand can be the result of market expansion, development of new technologies or redesigned products to incorporate new features, or the replacement of aging equipment. In addition, we continue to focus on design improvements and new approaches for our own products that contribute to our net revenues as our customers adopt these new products.

In the past, the Semi Market has been highly cyclical with recurring periods of oversupply, which often severely impact the Semi Market's demand for the products we manufacture and sell into the market. This cyclicality can cause wide fluctuations in both our orders and net revenues and, depending on our ability to react quickly to these shifts in demand, can significantly impact our results of operations. Market cycles are difficult to predict and, because they are generally characterized by sequential periods of growth or declines in orders and net revenues during each cycle, year over year comparisons of operating results may not always be as meaningful as comparisons of periods at similar points in either up or down cycles. These periods of heightened or reduced demand can shift depending on various factors impacting both our customers and the markets that they serve. In addition, during both downward and upward cycles in the Semi Market, in any given quarter, the trend in both our orders and net revenues can be erratic. This can occur, for example, when orders are canceled or currently scheduled delivery dates are accelerated or postponed by a significant customer or when customer forecasts and general business conditions fluctuate during a quarter.

Third party market share statistics are not available for the products we manufacture and sell into the Semi Market; therefore, comparisons of period over period changes in our market share are not easily determined. As a result, it is difficult to ascertain if Semi Market volatility in any period is the result of macro-economic or customer-specific factors impacting Semi Market demand, or if we have gained or lost market share to a competitor during the period.

While approximately half of our orders and net revenues are derived from the Semi Market, and our operating results generally follow the overall trend in the Semi Market, in any given period we may experience anomalies that cause the trend in our net revenues to deviate from the overall trend in the Semi Market. We believe that these anomalies may be driven by a variety of factors within the Semi Market, including, for example, changing product requirements, longer periods between new product offerings by OEMs and changes in customer buying patterns. In addition, in recent periods, we have seen instances when demand within the Semi Market is not consistent for each of our operating segments or for any given product within a particular operating segment. This inconsistency in demand can be driven by a number of factors but, in most cases, we have found that the primary reason is unique customer-specific changes in demand for certain products driven by the needs of their customers or markets served. Recently this has become more pronounced for our sales into the wafer processing sector within the broader semiconductor market due to the limited market penetration we have into this sector and the variability of orders we have experienced from the few customers we support. These shifts in market practices and customer-specific needs have had, and may continue to have, varying levels of impact on our operating results and are difficult to quantify or predict from period to period. Management has taken, and will continue to take, such actions it deems appropriate to adjust our strategies, products and operations to counter such shifts in market practices as they become evident.

-23-

As previously mentioned, as part of our ongoing strategy to grow our business, we continue to diversify our served markets to address the thermal test and thermal process requirements of several markets outside the Semi Market. These include the automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical, telecommunications and other markets, which we refer to as Multimarket. We believe that these markets are usually less cyclical than the Semi Market. While market share statistics exist for some of these markets, due to the nature of our highly specialized product offerings in these markets, we do not expect broad market penetration in many of these markets and therefore do not anticipate developing meaningful market shares in most of these markets.

In addition, because of our limited market share, our Multimarket orders and net revenues in any given period do not necessarily reflect the overall trends in the markets within Multimarket. Consequently, we are continuing to evaluate buying patterns and opportunities for growth in Multimarket that may affect our performance. The level of our Multimarket orders and net revenues has varied in the past, and we expect will vary significantly in the future, as we work to build our presence in Multimarket and establish new markets for our products.

Restructuring and Other Charges

On September 21, 2020, we notified employees in our Fremont, California facility of a plan to consolidate all manufacturing for our EMS segment into our manufacturing operation located in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey. The consolidation was substantially completed during the fourth quarter of 2020 and resulted in the termination of certain employees at the Fremont location. Prior to the consolidation, our interface products were manufactured in the Fremont facility, and our manipulator and docking hardware products were manufactured in the Mt. Laurel facility. The consolidation was undertaken to better serve customers through streamlined operations and reduce the fixed annual operating costs for the EMS segment. A small engineering and sales office will be maintained in northern California. The costs related to these actions are included in restructuring and other charges on our consolidated statement of operations and are discussed in more detail in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.

The EMS facility consolidation resulted in the termination of certain employees at the Fremont location, including all of our interface product line assembly staff who were located at that facility. As a result of transitioning our interface manufacturing operations to New Jersey, we have hired new production staff for this product line in our Mt. Laurel facility. These new employees are being trained to assemble our products which may impact customer shipments and quality of our interface products over the next several months. In addition, we have recently experienced difficulty in hiring personnel at the costs projected in our forecasts. This has resulted in the need to increase the labor rates offered for certain positions. If we cannot find savings in other areas or increase the price for which we sell our products in an amount sufficient to cover these additional labor costs, we may experience reduced margins in future periods. See “Risks Related to Our Business Operations” in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Report.

During the third quarter of 2020, we made changes in our executive management team and, in connection with these actions, we reduced our administrative footprint in our Mansfield, Massachusetts facility and reestablished our corporate headquarters in our Mt. Laurel, New Jersey office. The costs related to these actions are included in restructuring and other charges on our consolidated statement of operations and are discussed in more detail in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.

Orders and Backlog
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, a breakdown of the orders received by operating segment and market (in thousands).

|  | Years Ended December 31, |  |  | Change |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
Orders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Thermal |  | $ | 43,014 |  |  | $ | 39,158 |  |  | $ | 3,856 |  |  |  | 10 | %
EMS |  |  | 16,726 |  |  |  | 13,655 |  |  |  | 3,071 |  |  |  | 22 | %
|  | $ | 59,740 |  |  | $ | 52,813 |  |  | $ | 6,927 |  |  |  | 13 | %
Semi Market |  | $ | 32,383 |  |  | $ | 25,416 |  |  | $ | 6,967 |  |  |  | 27 | %
Multimarket |  |  | 27,357 |  |  |  | 27,397 |  |  |  | (40 | ) |  |  | - | %
|  | $ | 59,740 |  |  | $ | 52,813 |  |  | $ | 6,927 |  |  |  | 13 | %

Total consolidated orders for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $59.7 million compared to $52.8 million in 2019, an increase of $6.9 million, or 13%. The increase reflects higher levels of demand experienced by both of our segments from customers within the Semi Market. As discussed below under “COVID-19 Pandemic,” the Semi Market, from which approximately half of our net revenues are derived, entered a cyclical downturn in the beginning of 2019. We believe the arrival of COVID-19 lengthened and deepened the level of decline in demand experienced during this downturn. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we saw a significant increase in our orders from the Semi Market which we believe indicates that we have entered the next cyclical upturn.

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Multimarket orders in each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $27.4 million. For the year ended December 31, 2020, this represented 46% of our consolidated orders compared to 52% for the prior year. Increases in demand from customers in the automotive and defense/aerospace markets were offset by decreases from customers in the industrial and telecommunications markets. The level of our Multimarket orders has varied in the past, and we expect it will vary significantly in the future as we build our presence in these markets and establish new markets for our products.
At December 31, 2020, our backlog of unfilled orders for all products was approximately $11.5 million compared with approximately $5.5 million at December 31, 2019. The significant increase in our backlog primarily reflects the aforementioned increase in demand during the fourth quarter of 2020. Our backlog includes customer orders that we have accepted, substantially all of which we expect to deliver in 2021. While backlog is calculated on the basis of firm purchase orders, a customer may cancel an order or accelerate or postpone currently scheduled delivery dates. Our backlog may be affected by the tendency of customers to rely on short lead times available from suppliers, including us, in periods of depressed demand. In periods of increased demand, there is a tendency towards longer lead times that has the effect of increasing backlog. As a result, our backlog at a particular date is not necessarily indicative of sales for any future period.

Net Revenues
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, a breakdown of the net revenues by operating segment and market (in thousands).

|  | Years Ended December 31, |  |  | Change |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
Net revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Thermal |  | $ | 40,209 |  |  | $ | 43,823 |  |  | $ | (3,614 | ) |  |  | (8 | )%
EMS |  |  | 13,614 |  |  |  | 16,837 |  |  |  | (3,223 | ) |  |  | (19 | )%
|  | $ | 53,823 |  |  | $ | 60,660 |  |  | $ | (6,837 | ) |  |  | (11 | )%
Semi Market |  | $ | 26,870 |  |  | $ | 30,953 |  |  | $ | (4,083 | ) |  |  | (13 | )%
Multimarket |  |  | 26,953 |  |  |  | 29,707 |  |  |  | (2,754 | ) |  |  | (9 | )%
|  | $ | 53,823 |  |  | $ | 60,660 |  |  | $ | (6,837 | ) |  |  | (11 | )%

Total consolidated net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $53.8 million compared to $60.7 million in 2019, a decrease of $6.8 million or 11% as compared to 2019. The decrease in net revenues primarily reflects the aforementioned downturn in demand in the Semi Market which began in 2019. As previously mentioned, we saw a significant increase in order levels in the fourth quarter of 2020, which we believe indicates that the downturn in the Semi Market has come to an end. As a result, we expect revenue levels in the first quarter of 2021 will increase significantly from the level in the fourth quarter.
Multimarket net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $27.0 million, or 50% of total consolidated net revenues, compared to $29.7 million, or 49% of total consolidated net revenues in 2019. Our net revenues from Multimarket for the year ended December 31, 2020 declined $2.8 million or 9% from the prior period. The decline primarily reflects reductions experienced from customers in the industrial market. We believe this is a result, in part, of the impact of COVID-19 on demand for our induction heating products and their related service. The level of our Multimarket net revenues has varied in the past, and we expect it will vary significantly in the future as we build our presence in these markets and establish new markets for our products.

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COVID-19 Pandemic

Our net revenues from all of the markets we serve were significantly affected by COVID-19 during the first half of 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on our net revenues from the Semi Market was intensified during the first half of the year because our business operations were also being negatively affected by a global downturn in the Semi Market at that time. The Semi Market, from which approximately half of our net revenues are derived, entered a cyclical downturn in the beginning of 2019. During the first quarter of 2020, before the spread of COVID-19, we had started to see indications that the downturn was coming to an end. These indications included increased quoting activity and order levels for the first quarter of 2020 as compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. However, we believe COVID-19 delayed the recovery in the Semi Market as the increase in activity leveled off during late March 2020. Although we saw slightly increased order rates from our customers in the Semi Market during the second and third quarters of 2020, it was not until the fourth quarter of 2020 that we saw a significant increase in our orders from the Semi Market which we believe indicates that we have now entered the next cyclical upturn. During the fourth quarter of 2020, our orders from the Semi Market increased 53% sequentially and were 141% higher than in the fourth quarter of 2019, the low point of the prior cyclical downturn for the products that we sell. We believe the level of increase in our orders from the Semi Market during the fourth quarter of 2020 reflects a combination of increased demand in the market resulting from the interruption of the normal recovery in the Semi Market cycle caused by the onset of COVID-19 in the first half of 2020, as well as increased demand for semiconductors, generally. We believe this increase in demand is being driven both by changing technology as well as increased use of technology across all aspects of daily life, such as in devices that facilitate remote work and education, smart technology used in homes and businesses, the increase in the amount of ICs used in the automotive industry and changes occurring in the telecommunications and mobility markets.

As of the date of this filing, all of our operations continue to be deemed “critical and essential business operations” under the various governmental COVID-19 mandates, which has allowed us to continue to operate our business with certain modifications. These modifications include a significant number of our employees working remotely. Such employees have been provided with the tools and technology necessary to do so. Additionally, we have implemented workplace safeguards designed to protect the health and well-being of our employees. Employees who remain in our facilities are following WHO and CDC recommended safety practices, as well as state and local directives. We have had occasions where one or more employees have contracted COVID-19 and entered our facilities while infected. To date, we have managed these occurrences with minimal disruption to our business while protecting other employees, but there can be no assurances that we can avoid similar occurrences in the future or, that in such cases, we can avoid significant disruption of our operations.

The aftermarket service and support that we provide to our customers has been, and we expect may continue to be, adversely impacted by COVID-19. Specifically, the travel restrictions that remain in place, coupled with limitations on visitors into customer facilities, have resulted in the reduction or suspension of certain activities. The net revenues associated with these aftermarket service and support activities typically range from 8% to 10% of our consolidated net revenues. Although these net revenues returned to a more typical range during the third and fourth quarters of 2020, if the spread of COVID-19 or variations of the virus worsen, these revenues may be reduced in future periods.

While the negative impact of COVID-19 on our business was reduced significantly in the second half of 2020, the spread of the virus or variants of the virus could worsen and one or more of our significant customers or suppliers could be impacted, or significant additional governmental regulations and restrictions could be imposed, thus negatively impacting our business in the future. See “Risks Related to COVID-19” under Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Report.

Results of Operations
The results of operations for our two operating segments are generally affected by the same factors described in the Overview section above. Separate discussions and analyses for each segment would be repetitive. The discussion and analysis that follows, therefore, is presented on a consolidated basis and includes discussion of factors unique to each operating segment where significant to an understanding of that segment.

Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2019
Net Revenues. Net revenues were $53.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $60.7 million in 2019, a decrease of $6.8 million or 11%. We believe this decrease reflects the factors previously discussed in the Overview section above.
Gross Margin. Gross margin was 45% for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 48% in 2019. Our component material costs increased from 32% of net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 34% of net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in our component material costs reflects changes in product mix for both our segments. In addition, although our fixed operating costs decreased $334,000 in absolute dollar terms in 2020 as compared to 2019, as a percentage of net revenues, these costs increased from 17% of net revenues in 2019 to 18% of net revenues in 2020 as a result of not being as fully absorbed by the lower net revenues levels in 2020. The $334,000 decrease in our fixed operating costs primarily reflects a reduction in materials used in service calls and lower levels of travel, both of which are a result of the impact of COVID-19 on the level of service work we were able to perform during 2020 in our Thermal segment. To a lesser extent, there was also a reduction in the use of temporary labor and lower salary and benefits expense for our Thermal segment, reflecting the reduced business levels in 2020 and savings from headcount reductions which occurred early in the second quarter of 2020 in response to the slowdown in business. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in facility costs reflecting higher rent for our facility in Fremont, California, which took effect at the beginning of 2020, as well as the cost for additional space in our office in Mansfield, Massachusetts for our corporate headquarters which we first occupied during the fourth quarter of 2019. As previously discussed in the Overview, we closed our manufacturing operations in Fremont, California during the fourth quarter of 2020. This will result in reduced facility costs in future periods as a result of the reduction in our footprint. Costs incurred in 2020 related to this action are included in restructuring and other charges in our statement of operations and are discussed in more detail below and in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.

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Selling Expense. Selling expense was $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $8.5 million in 2019, a decrease of $938,000 or 11%. The decrease primarily reflects lower levels of travel and trade show related costs for both our segments as a result of COVID-19. To a lesser extent, there was also a reduction in warranty expense in our Thermal segment, reflecting improved warranty claims experience and a reduction in revenues under warranty.
Engineering and Product Development Expense. Engineering and product development expense was $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $5.0 million in 2019, an increase of $106,000, or 2%. Increases in salary and benefits expense as a result of headcount additions in our Thermal segment were partially offset by a decrease in travel and lower levels of spending on third party consultants and materials used in new product development.

General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense was $11.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $13.0 million in 2019, a decrease of $1.6 million, or 12%. During 2019, we incurred $683,000 related to an acquisition opportunity that we decided not to pursue. There were no similar costs in 2020. If we had not incurred these costs in 2019, general and administrative expense would have declined $885,000 in 2020 as compared to 2019. This decrease reflects headcount reductions, primarily in corporate staff, lower levels of travel as a result of COVID-19, lower levels of stock-based compensation costs, lower fees for third-party professionals that assist us in compliance related matters and a reduction in profit-based bonus accruals in 2020.

Restructuring and Other Charges. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded $1.3 million in restructuring and other charges. Of this amount, $903,000 is related to the consolidation of our EMS manufacturing operations, $189,000 is related to the reduction of the administrative footprint in our Mansfield, Massachusetts corporate office associated with the reestablishment of the Mt. Laurel, New Jersey office as our corporate headquarters, $133,000 is related to the executive management changes that occurred in the third quarter of 2020 and $60,000 is related to other restructuring actions taken during 2020. All of these actions and the related charges are discussed in more detail in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded $240,000 in restructuring charges and other charges, primarily related to the consolidation of Ambrell’s European operations.

Income Tax Expense. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded an income tax benefit of $336,000 compared to income tax expense of $282,000 in 2019. Our effective tax rate was 27% for 2020 compared to 11% for 2019. On a quarterly basis, we record income tax expense or benefit based on the expected annualized effective tax rate for the various taxing jurisdictions in which we operate our businesses. The increase in our effective tax rate in 2020 primarily represents the impact of changes in the expected mix of foreign and domestic source income for 2020 and other adjustments related to recently enacted tax regulations where specific application of the regulations is still evolving. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for further detail of the difference between our effective tax rates in 2020 and 2019 and the statutory tax rate of 21%.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
As discussed more fully in the Overview, our business and results of operations are substantially dependent upon the demand for ATE by semiconductor manufacturers and companies that specialize in the testing of ICs. The cyclical and volatile nature of demand for ATE makes estimates of future revenues, results of operations and net cash flows difficult especially in light of COVID-19.
Our primary historical source of liquidity and capital resources has been cash flow generated by our operations and we manage our businesses to maximize operating cash flows as our primary source of liquidity. We use cash to fund growth in our operating assets, for new product research and development, for acquisitions and for stock repurchases.
Liquidity
Our cash and cash equivalents and working capital were as follows (in thousands):

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 10,277 |  |  | $ | 7,612 |
Working capital |  | $ | 18,108 |  |  | $ | 16,534 |

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As of December 31, 2020, $3.2 million, or 31%, of our cash and cash equivalents was held by our foreign subsidiaries. We currently expect our cash and cash equivalents, in combination with the borrowing capacity available under our revolving credit facility and the anticipated net cash to be provided by our operations in the next twelve months to be sufficient to support our short-term working capital requirements and other corporate requirements. Our revolving credit facility is discussed in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements. Although our revolving credit facility will mature on April 9, 2021, we are currently in discussions with our lender to replace this facility with a three-year credit facility. We expect that facility to be put in place in conjunction with, or prior to, the expiration of our current credit facility.

Our material short-term cash requirements include payments due under our various lease agreements, recurring payroll and benefits obligations to our employees and purchase commitments for materials that we use in the products we sell. We estimate that our minimum short-term working capital requirements currently range between $5.0 million and $7.0 million. We also anticipate making investments in our business in the next twelve months including hiring of additional staff, updates to our website and other systems and investments related to our geographic and market expansion efforts. We expect our current cash and cash equivalents, in combination with the borrowing capacity available under our revolving credit facility and the anticipated net cash to be provided by our operations to be sufficient to support these additional investments as well as our current short-term cash requirements. However, should the impact of COVID-19 on our operations, including the disruption to our business that would be caused by any unanticipated facility closures or significantly reduced demand from our customers, be more significant than we currently expect, we may need additional financial resources, including additional debt or equity financings in the long-term. There can be no assurance that any such debt or equity financings would be available on favorable terms or rates or at all.

Our current growth strategy includes pursuing acquisition opportunities for complementary businesses, technologies or products. We currently anticipate that any long-term cash requirements related to our acquisition strategy would be funded all or in part through obtaining additional third-party debt or issuing equity. If we were to obtain additional third-party debt, we do not currently know at what rates or on what terms any such debt would be available.

Cash Flows
Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $3.2 million. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded a net loss of $895,000. During this same period, we had non-cash charges of $3.2 million for depreciation and amortization that included $1.3 million of amortization related to right-of-use ("ROU") assets. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we also recorded $671,000 of non-cash charges for deferred compensation expense related to stock-based awards and a $612,000 impairment charge related to our ROU assets for the leases in Fremont, California and Mansfield, Massachusetts, as discussed more fully in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements. Accounts receivable decreased $887,000 during 2020, primarily reflecting the reduced level of shipments in 2020, while inventories increased $717,000, primarily reflecting purchasing activity in the fourth quarter for products we expect to ship in the first half of 2021. As previously discussed in the Overview, we experienced a significant increase in order levels in the fourth quarter of 2020. Operating lease liabilities decreased $1.3 million during 2020, reflecting payments made under our various lease agreements and accounts payable increased $430,000, primarily reflecting the increase in inventory purchases during the fourth quarter.

Investing Activities. During the year ended December 31, 2020, purchases of property and equipment were $658,000, and primarily reflected additions to fixed assets related to products leased to customers and leasehold improvements to our facility in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey using our working capital. During the first quarter of 2021, we expect to spend approximately $230,000 to complete the leasehold improvements to our facility in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey using our working capital. These improvements are being done in connection with reducing the size of that facility and consolidating manufacturing operations from our Fremont, California operation as discussed under the Overview section above and in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements. We have no other significant commitments for capital expenditures in 2021; however, depending upon changes in market demand or manufacturing and sales strategies, we may make such purchases or investments as we deem necessary and appropriate. These additional cash requirements would be funded by our cash and cash equivalents, anticipated net cash to be provided by operations and our revolving credit facility.

Financing Activities. As discussed more fully in Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2020 filed on May 13, 2020 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, during April 2020 we applied for and received loans through the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration totaling $2.8 million. We repaid the full amount of the PPP loans on May 5, 2020 with the applicable interest. During the year ended December 31, 2020 we borrowed and repaid $2.8 million on our revolving credit facility. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we utilized $74,000 to repurchase 13,767 shares of our common stock under the 2019 Repurchase Plan. On March 2, 2020, we suspended repurchases under the 2019 Repurchase Plan.

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New or Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for information concerning the implementation and impact of new or recently adopted accounting standards.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to inventories, long-lived assets, goodwill, identifiable intangibles and deferred income tax valuation allowances. We base our estimates on historical experience and on appropriate and customary assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Some of these accounting estimates and assumptions are particularly sensitive because of their significance to our consolidated financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting them may differ markedly from what had been assumed when the financial statements were prepared.

Inventory Valuation
Inventories are valued at cost on a first-in, first-out basis, not in excess of market value. On a quarterly basis, we review our inventories and record excess and obsolete inventory charges based upon our established objective excess and obsolete inventory criteria. These criteria identify material that has not been used in a work order during the prior twelve months and the quantity of material on hand that is greater than the average annual usage of that material over the prior three years. In certain cases, additional excess and obsolete inventory charges are recorded based upon current market conditions, anticipated product life cycles, new product introductions and expected future use of the inventory. The excess and obsolete inventory charges we record establish a new cost basis for the related inventories. During 2020 and 2019, we recorded inventory obsolescence charges for excess and obsolete inventory of $444,000 and $391,000, respectively.

Goodwill, Intangible and Long-Lived Assets
We account for goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 350 (Intangibles- Goodwill and Other). Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful economic life and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Goodwill is assessed for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter, on a reporting unit basis, or more frequently when events and circumstances occur indicating that the recorded goodwill may be impaired. As a part of the goodwill impairment assessment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, as a result of our qualitative assessment, we determine this is the case, we are required to perform a goodwill impairment test to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized. The test is discussed below. If, as a result of our qualitative assessment, we determine that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amounts, the goodwill impairment test is not required.

The quantitative goodwill impairment test, used to identify both the existence of impairment and the amount of impairment loss, compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered not impaired. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The goodwill impairment assessment is based upon the income approach, which estimates the fair value of our reporting units based upon a discounted cash flow approach. This fair value is then reconciled to our market capitalization at year end with an appropriate control premium. The determination of the fair value of our reporting units requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions including the selection of control premiums, discount rates, terminal growth rates, forecasts of revenue and expense growth rates, income tax rates, changes in working capital, depreciation, amortization and capital expenditures. Changes in assumptions concerning future financial results or other underlying assumptions could have a significant impact on either the fair value of the reporting unit or the amount of the goodwill impairment charge. At each of December 31, 2020 and 2019, goodwill was $13.7 million. We did not record any impairment charges related to our goodwill during 2020 or 2019.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. As a part of the impairment assessment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If, as a result of our qualitative assessment, we determine that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required; otherwise, no further testing is required. The quantitative impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. At each of December 31, 2020 and 2019, our indefinite-lived intangible assets were trademarks carried at $6.7 million. We did not record any impairment charges related to our indefinite-lived intangible assets during 2020 or 2019.

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Long-lived assets, which consist of finite-lived intangible assets, property and equipment and ROU assets, are assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable or that the useful lives of these assets are no longer appropriate. Each impairment test is based on a comparison of the estimated undiscounted cash flows to the recorded value of the asset. If impairment is indicated, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value. The cash flow estimates used to determine the impairment, if any, contain management's best estimates using appropriate assumptions and projections at that time. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, finite-lived intangibles and long-lived assets were $14.4 million and $14.2 million, respectively. We recorded impairment charges totaling $612,000 during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to certain of our ROU assets as discussed further in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements. We did not record any impairment charges related to our long-lived assets during 2019.

Income Taxes
The asset and liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

Deferred tax assets are analyzed to determine if there will be sufficient taxable income in the future in order to realize such assets. We assess all of the positive and negative evidence concerning the realizability of the deferred tax assets, including our historical results of operations for the recent past and our projections of future results of operations, in which we make subjective determinations of future events. If, after assessing all of the evidence, both positive and negative, a determination is made that the realizability of the deferred tax assets is not more likely than not, we establish a deferred tax valuation allowance for all or a portion of the deferred tax assets depending upon the specific facts. If any of the significant assumptions were changed, materially different results could occur, which could significantly change the amount of the deferred tax valuation allowance established. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had a net deferred tax liability of $1.9 million and $2.3 million, respectively. Our deferred tax valuation allowance at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $169,000 and $234,000, respectively.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
There were no off-balance sheet arrangements during the year ended December 31, 2020 that have or are reasonably likely to have, a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, cash requirements or capital resources.

Item 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

This disclosure is not required for a smaller reporting company.

Item 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Consolidated financial statements are set forth in this Report beginning at page F-1 and are incorporated by reference into this Item 8.

Item 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

Item 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Because there are inherent limitations in all control systems, a control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, as opposed to absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and all fraud. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Accordingly, our management has designed the disclosure controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance that the objectives of the control system were met.

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CEO/CFO Conclusions about the Effectiveness of the Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, inTEST management, including our CEO and CFO, conducted an evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Report, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, including the impact of COVID-19. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the period covered by this Report, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We will continue monitoring and assessing any impacts from COVID-19 on our internal controls.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

| 1. | Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;

| 2. | Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and

| 3. | Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, including the impact of COVID-19. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) on Internal Control-Integrated 2013 Framework. Based upon this assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2020, our internal control over financial reporting is effective at a reasonable assurance level.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting, as such an attestation is not required pursuant to rules of the SEC applicable to registrants that are non-accelerated filers.

Item 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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PART III

Item 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report.

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code”) as a guide to the standards of business conduct to which our employees, officers and directors must adhere. A copy of the Code can be found on our website at https://intestcorp.gcs-web.com/corporate-governance. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements of the SEC regarding amendments to, or waivers from, the Code by posting such information on the same website.

Item 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report.

Item 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K is set forth below. The remainder of the information required by this Item 12 is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report.

The following table shows the number of securities that may be issued pursuant to our equity compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) as of December 31, 2020:

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Plan Category |  | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights(1) |  |  | Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights |  |  | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans(2) |
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders |  |  | 438,200 |  |  | $ | 6.25 |  |  |  | 1,067,979 |
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total |  |  | 438,200 |  |  | $ | 6.25 |  |  |  | 1,067,979 |

| (1) | The securities that may be issued are shares of inTEST common stock, issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options.
| (2) | The securities that remain available for future issuance are issuable pursuant to the Third Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Plan.

Item 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report.

Item 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report.

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PART IV

Item 15. | EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

| (a) | The documents filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are:

(i) Our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as well as the applicable report of our independent registered public accounting firm are included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(ii) The following financial statement schedule should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements set forth in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
Schedule II -- Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(iii) The exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are included under Item 15(b) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

| (b) | Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K:

A list of the Exhibits which are required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K and filed with this Report is set forth in the Exhibit Index immediately preceding the signature page, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 16. | FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

Index to Exhibits

Exhibit Number | Description of Exhibit
3.1 |  | Certificate of Incorporation. (1)
3.2 |  | Bylaws as amended and restated on April 23, 2018. (2)
4.1 |  | Description of Securities (1).
10.1 |  | Lease Agreement between Exeter 804 East Gate, LLC and the Company dated May 10, 2010. (3)
10.2 |  | First Amendment to Lease Agreement, dated September 22, 2020, by and between inTEST Corporation and Exeter 804 East Gate 2018, LLC (4)
10.3 |  | Lease Agreement between AMB-SGP Seattle/Boston, LLC and Temptronic Corporation (a subsidiary of the Company), dated October 25, 2010. (5)
10.4 |  | Second Amendment to Lease between James Campbell Company, LLC and Temptronic Corporation dated April 8, 2019 (6).
10.5 |  | Lease Agreement between Columbia California Warm Springs Industrial, LLC and inTEST Silicon Valley Corporation dated January 9, 2012. (7)
10.6 |  | First Amendment to Lease Agreement between Columbia California Warm Springs Industrial, LLC and inTEST Silicon Valley Corporation dated November 18, 2016. (8)
10.7 |  | Second Amendment to Standard Lease Agreement, dated January 23, 2020, by and between inTEST Silicon Valley Corporation and Fremont Business Center, LLC. (9)
10.8 |  | Guaranty Agreements between Columbia California Warm Springs Industrial, LLC and inTEST Corporation dated January 9, 2012. (7)
10.9 |  | Lease Agreement between Maguire Family Properties, Inc. and Ambrell Corporation dated December 19, 2017 (10)
10.10 |  | Guaranty of Lease between Maguire Family Properties, Inc. and Ambrell Corporation dated December 19, 2017 (10)
10.11 |  | Loan and Security Agreement, dated April 10, 2020, by inTEST Corporation, Ambrell Corporation, inTEST Silicon Valley Corporation, inTEST EMS, LLC, Temptronic Corporation and M&T Bank (11)
10.12 |  | Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights and Licenses Security Agreement, dated April 10, 2020, by inTEST Corporation, Ambrell Corporation, inTEST Silicon Valley Corporation, inTEST EMS, LLC, Temptronic Corporation and M&T Bank (11)
10.13 |  | Surety Agreement, dated April 10, 2020, by Ambrell Corporation, inTEST Silicon Valley Corporation, inTEST EMS, LLC, Temptronic Corporation and M&T Bank (11)
10.14 |  | Revolver Note, dated April 10, 2020 (11)
10.15 |  | Form of Indemnification Agreement (12)(*)
10.16 |  | inTEST Corporation Third Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Plan (13)(*)
10.17 |  | inTEST Corporation 2007 Stock Plan. (14)(*)

-33-

10.18 |  | Separation and Consulting Agreement between the Company and James Pelrin dated August 6, 2020 (15)(*)
10.19 |  | Letter Agreement between the Company and Richard N. Grant, Jr. dated July 24, 2020 (15)(*)
10.20 |  | Change of Control Agreement dated August 11, 2020 between the Company and Richard N. Grant, Jr. (13)(*)
10.21 |  | Amended and Restated Change of Control Agreement dated April 29, 2020 between the Company and Hugh T. Regan, Jr. (16)(*)
10.22 |  | Amended and Restated Change of Control Agreement dated April 29, 2020 between the Company and James Pelrin (16)(*)
10.23 |  | 2020 Executive Compensation Plan. (17)(*)
10.24 |  | 2021 Executive Compensation Plan. (18)(*)
10.25 |  | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Employees. (13)(*)
10.26 |  | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Directors. (13)(*)
10.27 |  | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement. (18)(*)
10.28 |  | Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement. (18)(*)
10.29 |  | Compensatory Arrangements of Directors. (*)
21 |  | Subsidiaries of the Company.
23 |  | Consent of RSM US LLP.
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | XBRL Taxonomy Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

(1) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, File No. 001-36117, filed March 23, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference.
(2) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 23, 2018, File No. 001-36117, filed April 25, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.
(3) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 10, 2010, File No. 000-22529, filed May 13, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.
(4) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 22, 2020, File No. 001-36117, filed September 24, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference.
(5) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 27, 2010, File No. 000-22529, filed October 29, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.
(6) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 8, 2019, File No. 001-36117, filed April 12, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
(7) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company's Form 10-Q Amendment No. 1 for the quarter ended March 31, 2012, File No. 000-22529, filed May 15, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference.
(8) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 18, 2016, File No. 001-36117, filed November 22, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.
(9) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 23, 2020, File No. 001-36117, filed January 28, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference.
(10) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 19, 2017, File No. 001-36117, filed December 22, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.
(11) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 10, 2020, File No. 001-36117, filed April 15, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference.
(12) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 24, 2020, File No. 001-36117, filed June 29, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference.
(13) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, File No. 001-36117, filed November 12, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference.
(14) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, File No. 001-36117, filed March 28, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.
(15) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 6, 2020, File No. 001-36117, filed August 11, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference.
(16) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, File No. 001-36117, filed May 13, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference.
(17) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 9, 2020, File No. 001-36117, filed March 11, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference.
(18) | Previously filed by the Company as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 10, 2021, File No. 001-36117, filed March 16, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference.
(*) | Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement in which directors or executive officers participate.

-34-

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

inTEST Corporation

By: | /s/ Richard N. Grant, Jr. | March 23, 2021
| Richard N. Grant, Jr. |
| President and Chief Executive Officer |

Pursuant to the requirements of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

/s/ Richard N. Grant, Jr. Richard N. Grant, Jr., President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | March 23, 2021
/s/ Hugh T. Regan, Jr. Hugh T. Regan, Jr., Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary (Principal Financial Officer) | March 23, 2021
/s/ Joseph W. Dews IV Joseph W. Dews IV, Chairman | March 23, 2021
/s/ Steven J. Abrams Steven J. Abrams, Esq., Director | March 23, 2021
/s/ Jeffrey A. Beck Jeffrey A. Beck, Director | March 23, 2021
/s/ Gerald J. Maginnis Gerald J. Maginnis, Director | March 23, 2021

-35-

inTEST CORPORATION
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND
FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE

| Page
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM | F - 1
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 | F - 3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 | F - 4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 | F - 5
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 | F - 6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 | F - 7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F - 8
FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE |
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts | F - 30

-36-

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of inTEST Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of inTEST Corporation and its subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive earnings (loss), stockholders' equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements and schedule (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Valuation of Goodwill

As disclosed in Notes 2 and 4 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, the Company has two operating segments which are also its reporting units - Thermal and EMS. As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s goodwill balance of approximately $13.8 million was allocated to the Company’s Thermal reporting unit. The Company evaluates its goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2020 using a quantitative approach.

We identified goodwill impairment as a critical audit matter because of the significant, subjective assumptions used and judgments made by management in developing the discounted cash flow model used to estimate the fair value of the Thermal reporting unit. As a result, we performed audit procedures to test the Company’s discounted cash flow model, including significant assumptions related to the revenue growth rate, operating margins, and the discount rate that are affected by expected future market or economic conditions. In addition, we used professionals with specialized skill and knowledge in valuation methods to assist us in performing these procedures.

F-1

Addressing the potential impairment of goodwill involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included, among others:

| ● | Obtaining an understanding of management’s process for developing the fair value estimate;

| ● | Testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimate;

| ● | Testing the completeness, accuracy, and relevance of certain underlying data used in the discounted cash flow model;

| ● | Assessing management’s methodologies, evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model, and performing tests on the significant assumptions used by management. This included evaluating the Company’s financial forecast by comparing the significant assumptions used to current industry and economic trends, changes in the Company’s business model, the current customer base and the Company’s product mix;

| ● | Comparing and assessing the historical accuracy of management’s estimates, including forecasted revenue streams, to identify, understand, and evaluate the reasonableness of forecasts as compared to the Company’s historical results;

| ● | Performing a sensitivity analysis of the significant assumptions used to evaluate changes in the fair value estimate resulting from changes in the assumptions; and

| ● | Utilizing a valuation specialist to assist us in evaluating certain key inputs including, but not limited to, the discount rate, risk premiums, and control premiums used in determining the fair value of the Thermal reporting unit and its reconciliation to the Company’s market capitalization.

/s/ RSM US LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2008.

Blue Bell, Pennsylvania
March 23, 2021

F-2

inTEST CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 10,277 |  |  | $ | 7,612 |
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $212 and $211, respectively |  |  | 8,435 |  |  |  | 9,296 |
Inventories |  |  | 7,476 |  |  |  | 7,182 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 776 |  |  |  | 805 |
Total current assets |  |  | 26,964 |  |  |  | 24,895 |
Property and equipment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 5,356 |  |  |  | 5,269 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 2,636 |  |  |  | 2,424 |
Gross property and equipment |  |  | 7,992 |  |  |  | 7,693 |
Less: accumulated depreciation |  |  | (5,642 | ) |  |  | (5,273 | )
Net property and equipment |  |  | 2,350 |  |  |  | 2,420 |
Right of use assets, net |  |  | 6,387 |  |  |  | 4,842 |
Goodwill |  |  | 13,738 |  |  |  | 13,738 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 12,421 |  |  |  | 13,654 |
Restricted certificates of deposit |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 140 |
Other assets |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 26 |
Total assets |  | $ | 62,030 |  |  | $ | 59,715 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 2,424 |  |  | $ | 1,984 |
Accrued wages and benefits |  |  | 1,944 |  |  |  | 2,007 |
Accrued professional fees |  |  | 776 |  |  |  | 805 |
Customer deposits and deferred revenue |  |  | 396 |  |  |  | 456 |
Accrued sales commission |  |  | 472 |  |  |  | 442 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities |  |  | 1,215 |  |  |  | 1,302 |
Domestic and foreign income taxes payable |  |  | 825 |  |  |  | 868 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 804 |  |  |  | 497 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 8,856 |  |  |  | 8,361 |
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion |  |  | 6,050 |  |  |  | 3,794 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 1,922 |  |  |  | 2,263 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 450 |  |  |  | 463 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 17,278 |  |  |  | 14,881 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 12) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 10,562,200 and 10,413,982 shares issued, respectively |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | 104 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 26,851 |  |  |  | 26,256 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 17,110 |  |  |  | 18,005 |
Accumulated other comprehensive earnings |  |  | 889 |  |  |  | 673 |
Treasury stock, at cost; 33,077 shares |  |  | (204 | ) |  |  | (204 | )
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 44,752 |  |  |  | 44,834 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 62,030 |  |  | $ | 59,715 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-3

inTEST CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 53,823 |  |  | $ | 60,660 |
Cost of revenues |  |  | 29,719 |  |  |  | 31,435 |
Gross margin |  |  | 24,104 |  |  |  | 29,225 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling expense |  |  | 7,522 |  |  |  | 8,460 |
Engineering and product development expense |  |  | 5,070 |  |  |  | 4,964 |
General and administrative expense |  |  | 11,444 |  |  |  | 13,012 |
Restructuring and other charges |  |  | 1,285 |  |  |  | 240 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 25,321 |  |  |  | 26,676 |
Operating income (loss) |  |  | (1,217 | ) |  |  | 2,549 |
Other income (loss) |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  | 55 |
Earnings (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | (1,231 | ) |  |  | 2,604 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | (336 | ) |  |  | 282 |
Net earnings (loss) |  | $ | (895 | ) |  | $ | 2,322 |
Net earnings (loss) per common share – basic |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 0.22 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic |  |  | 10,256,560 |  |  |  | 10,373,164 |
Net earnings (loss) per common share – diluted |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 0.22 |
Weighted average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding – diluted |  |  | 10,256,560 |  |  |  | 10,391,975 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-4

inTEST CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS (LOSS)
(In thousands)

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net earnings (loss) |  | $ | (895 | ) |  | $ | 2,322 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | (110 | )
Comprehensive earnings (loss) |  | $ | (679 | ) |  | $ | 2,212 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

F-5

inTEST CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands, except share data)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Stockholders' |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Stock |  |  | Equity |
Balance, January 1, 2019 |  |  | 10,523,035 |  |  | $ | 105 |  |  | $ | 26,513 |  |  | $ | 15,683 |  |  | $ | 783 |  |  | $ | (204 | ) |  | $ | 42,880 |
Net earnings |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,322 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,322 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (110 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (110 | )
Amortization of deferred compensation related to stock-based awards |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 884 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 884 |
Issuance of unvested shares of restricted stock |  |  | 132,580 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Forfeiture of unvested shares of restricted stock |  |  | (12,325 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock |  |  | (229,308 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (1,140 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,142 | )
Balance, December 31, 2019 |  |  | 10,413,982 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 26,256 |  |  | $ | 18,005 |  |  | $ | 673 |  |  | $ | (204 | ) |  | $ | 44,834 |
Net loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (895 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (895 | )
Other comprehensive earnings |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 216 |
Amortization of deferred compensation related to stock-based awards |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 671 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 671 |
Issuance of unvested shares of restricted stock |  |  | 229,110 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Forfeiture of unvested shares of restricted stock |  |  | (67,125 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock |  |  | (13,767 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (74 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (74 | )
Balance, December 31, 2020 |  |  | 10,562,200 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 26,851 |  |  | $ | 17,110 |  |  | $ | 889 |  |  | $ | (204 | ) |  | $ | 44,752 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

F-6

inTEST CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings (loss) |  | $ | (895 | ) |  | $ | 2,322 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 3,174 |  |  |  | 3,193 |
Impairment of right of use assets |  |  | 612 |  |  |  | - |
Payment of earnout related to Ambrell acquisition |  |  | - |  |  |  | (12,167 | )
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory |  |  | 444 |  |  |  | 391 |
Foreign exchange loss |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 3 |
Amortization of deferred compensation related to stock-based awards |  |  | 671 |  |  |  | 884 |
Proceeds from sale of demonstration equipment, net of gain |  |  | 82 |  |  |  | 167 |
Loss on disposal of property and equipment |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 55 |
Deferred income tax benefit |  |  | (341 | ) |  |  | (426 | )
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts receivable |  |  | 887 |  |  |  | 1,244 |
Inventories |  |  | (717 | ) |  |  | (1,058 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | (129 | )
Restricted certificates of deposit |  |  | - |  |  |  | 35 |
Other assets |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (1 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | 430 |  |  |  | 197 |
Accrued wages and benefits |  |  | (70 | ) |  |  | (912 | )
Accrued professional fees |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | 31 |
Customer deposits and deferred revenue |  |  | (62 | ) |  |  | (797 | )
Accrued sales commission |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | (261 | )
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | (1,297 | ) |  |  | (1,378 | )
Domestic and foreign income taxes payable |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | 171 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 301 |  |  |  | 31 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  | 3,248 |  |  |  | (8,405 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of property and equipment |  |  | (658 | ) |  |  | (620 | )
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | - |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (648 | ) |  |  | (620 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from Paycheck Protection Program loans |  |  | 2,829 |  |  |  | - |
Repayments of Paycheck Protection Program loans |  |  | (2,829 | ) |  |  | - |
Proceeds from revolving credit facility |  |  | 2,800 |  |  |  | - |
Repayments of revolving credit facility |  |  | (2,800 | ) |  |  | - |
Repurchases of common stock |  |  | (74 | ) |  |  | (1,142 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (74 | ) |  |  | (1,142 | )
Effects of exchange rates on cash |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | (82 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) all activities |  |  | 2,665 |  |  |  | (10,249 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 7,612 |  |  |  | 17,861 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 10,277 |  |  | $ | 7,612 |
Cash payments for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic and foreign income taxes |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 535 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issuance of unvested shares of restricted stock |  | $ | 971 |  |  | $ | 837 |
Forfeiture of unvested shares of restricted stock |  |  | (405 | ) |  |  | (88 | )

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-7

inTEST CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(1) | NATURE OF OPERATIONS

We are a global supplier of innovative test and process solutions for use in manufacturing and testing across a wide range of markets including automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical, semiconductor and telecommunications. We manage our business as two operating segments which are also our reportable segments and reporting units: Thermal Products ("Thermal") and Electromechanical Solutions ("EMS"). Our Thermal segment designs, manufactures and sells our thermal test and thermal process products while our EMS segment designs, manufactures and sells our semiconductor test products. We manufacture our products in the U.S. Marketing and support activities are conducted worldwide from our facilities in the U.S., Germany, Singapore, the Netherlands and the U.K. The consolidated entity is comprised of inTEST Corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Our EMS segment sells its products to semiconductor manufacturers and third-party test and assembly houses (end user sales) and to automated test equipment (“ATE”) manufacturers (original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) sales), who ultimately resell our equipment with theirs to both semiconductor manufacturers and third-party test and assembly houses. These sales all fall within the ATE sector of the broader semiconductor market. Our Thermal segment sells its products to many of these same types of customers; however, it also sells to customers in the wafer processing sector within the broader semiconductor market and to customers in a variety of other markets outside the semiconductor market, including the automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial (including consumer products packaging, fiber optics and other sectors within the broader industrial market), medical and telecommunications markets.

Both of our operating segments have multiple products that we design, manufacture and market to our customers. Due to a number of factors, our products have varying levels of gross margin. The mix of products we sell in any period is ultimately determined by our customers' needs. Therefore, the mix of products sold in any given period can change significantly from the prior period. As a result, our consolidated gross margin can be significantly impacted in any given period by a change in the mix of products sold in that period.

Historically, we referred to our markets as “Semiconductor” (which included both the broader semiconductor market as well as the more specialized ATE and wafer processing sectors within the broader semiconductor market), and “Non-Semiconductor” (which included all of the other markets we serve). Starting in the second quarter of 2019, we began referring to the broader semiconductor market, including the ATE and wafer processing sectors within that market, as the “Semi Market.” All other markets are designated as “Multimarket.” The Semi Market, which is the principal market in which we operate, is characterized by rapid technological change, competitive pricing pressures and cyclical as well as seasonal market patterns. This market is subject to significant economic downturns at various times.

Our financial results are affected by a wide variety of factors, including, but not limited to, general economic conditions worldwide and in the markets in which we operate, economic conditions specific to the Semi Market and the other markets we serve, our ability to safeguard patented technology and intellectual property in a rapidly evolving market, downward pricing pressures from customers, and our reliance on a relatively few number of customers for a significant portion of our sales. In addition, we are exposed to the risk of obsolescence of our inventory depending on the mix of future business and technological changes within the markets that we serve. Part of our strategy for growth includes potential acquisitions that may cause us to incur substantial expense in reviewing and evaluating potential transactions. We may or may not be successful in locating suitable businesses to acquire and in closing acquisitions of businesses we pursue. In addition, we may not be able to successfully integrate any business we do acquire with our existing business and we may not be able to operate the acquired business profitably. As a result of these or other factors, we may experience significant period-to-period fluctuations in future operating results.

F-8

COVID-19 Pandemic

Our net revenues from all of the markets we serve were significantly affected by COVID-19 during the first half of 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on our net revenues from the Semi Market was intensified during the first half of the year because our business operations were also being negatively affected by a global downturn in the Semi Market at that time. The Semi Market, from which approximately half of our net revenues are derived, entered a cyclical downturn in the beginning of 2019. During the first quarter of 2020, before the spread of COVID-19, we had started to see indications that the downturn was coming to an end. These indications included increased quoting activity and order levels for the first quarter of 2020 as compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. However, we believe COVID-19 delayed the recovery in the Semi Market as the increase in activity leveled off during late March 2020. Although we saw slightly increased order rates from our customers in the Semi Market during the second and third quarters of 2020, it was not until the fourth quarter of 2020 that we saw a significant increase in our orders from the Semi Market which we believe indicates that we have now entered the next cyclical upturn. During the fourth quarter of 2020, our orders from the Semi Market increased 53% sequentially and were 141% higher than in the fourth quarter of 2019, the low point of the prior cyclical downturn for the products that we sell. We believe the level of increase in our orders from the Semi Market during the fourth quarter of 2020 reflects a combination of increased demand in the market resulting from the interruption of the normal recovery in the Semi Market cycle caused by the onset of COVID-19 in the first half of 2020, as well as increased demand for semiconductors, generally. We believe this increase in demand is being driven both by changing technology as well as increased use of technology across all aspects of daily life, such as in devices that facilitate remote work and education, smart technology used in homes and businesses, the increase in the amount of integrated circuits used in the automotive industry and changes occurring in the telecommunications and mobility markets.

As of the date of this filing, all of our operations continue to be deemed “critical and essential business operations” under the various governmental COVID-19 mandates, which has allowed us to continue to operate our business with certain modifications. These modifications include a significant number of our employees working remotely. Such employees have been provided with the tools and technology necessary to do so. Additionally, we have implemented workplace safeguards designed to protect the health and well-being of our employees. Employees who remain in our facilities are following World Health Organization (“WHO”) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”) recommended safety practices, as well as state and local directives. We have had occasions where one or more employees have contracted COVID-19 and entered our facilities while infected. To date, we have managed these occurrences with minimal disruption to our business while protecting other employees, but there can be no assurances that we can avoid similar occurrences in the future or, that in such cases, we can avoid significant disruption of our operations.

The aftermarket service and support that we provide to our customers has been, and we expect may continue to be, adversely impacted by COVID-19. Specifically, the travel restrictions that remain in place, coupled with limitations on visitors into customer facilities, have resulted in the reduction or suspension of certain activities. The net revenues associated with these aftermarket service and support activities typically range from 8% to 10% of our consolidated net revenues. Although these net revenues returned to a more typical range during the third and fourth quarters of 2020, if the spread of COVID-19 or variations of the virus worsen, these revenues may be reduced in future periods.

While the negative impact of COVID-19 on our business was reduced significantly in the second half of 2020, the spread of the virus or variants of the virus could worsen and one or more of our significant customers or suppliers could be impacted, or significant additional governmental regulations and restrictions could be imposed, thus negatively impacting our business in the future. As a result of our current level of working capital as well as the availability of our revolving credit facility, which is discussed in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements, we currently expect to have sufficient liquidity to operate our business throughout 2021, as further described in this Report. Our revolving credit facility will mature on April 9, 2021.

(2) | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain of our accounts, including inventories, long-lived assets, goodwill, identifiable intangibles and deferred tax assets and liabilities including related valuation allowances, are particularly impacted by estimates.

Reclassification
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to be comparable with the current year's presentation.

Subsequent Events
We have made an assessment of our operations and determined that there were no material subsequent events requiring adjustment to, or disclosure in, our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020.

F-9

Business Combinations
Acquired businesses are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting, which requires that the purchase price be allocated to the net assets acquired at their respective fair values. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Fair values of intangible assets are estimated by valuation models prepared by our management and third-party advisors. The assets purchased and liabilities assumed have been reflected in our consolidated balance sheets, and the operating results are included in the consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows from the date of acquisition. Any change in the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration subsequent to the acquisition date, including changes from events after the acquisition date, will be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations in the period of the estimated fair value change. Acquisition-related transaction costs, including legal and accounting fees and other external costs directly related to the acquisition, are recognized separately from the acquisition and expensed as incurred in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
Restructuring and Other Charges

In accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 420 (Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations), we recognize a liability for restructuring costs at fair value only when the liability is incurred. Workforce-related charges are accrued when it is determined that a liability has been incurred, which is generally after individuals have been notified of their termination dates and expected severance benefits. Depending on the timing of the termination dates, these charges may be recognized upon notification or ratably over the remaining required service period of the employees. Plans to consolidate excess facilities may result in lease termination fees and impairment charges related to our right-of-use (“ROU”) assets that are associated with the leases for these facilities. Other long-lived assets that may be impaired as a result of restructuring consist of property and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets. Asset impairment charges included in restructuring and other charges are based on an estimate of the amounts and timing of future cash flows related to the expected future remaining use and ultimate sale or disposal of the asset, and, in the case of our ROU assets, would include expected future sublease rental income, if applicable. These estimates are derived using the guidance in ASC Topic 842 (Leases), ASC Topic 360 (Property, Plant and Equipment) and ASC Topic 350 (Intangibles - Goodwill and Other).

Cash and Cash Equivalents
Short-term investments that have maturities of three months or less when purchased are considered to be cash equivalents and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Our cash balances, which are deposited with highly reputable financial institutions, at times may exceed the federally insured limits. We have not experienced any losses related to these cash balances and believe the credit risk to be minimal.

Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. We grant credit to customers and generally require no collateral. To minimize our risk, we perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers' financial condition. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in our existing accounts receivable. We determine the allowance based on historical write-off experience and the aging of such receivables, among other factors. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. We do not have any significant off-balance sheet credit exposure related to our customers. There was no bad debt expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2020. We recorded bad debt expense of $3 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Cash flows from accounts receivable are recorded in operating cash flows.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Our financial instruments, principally accounts receivable and accounts payable, are carried at cost which approximates fair value, due to the short maturities of the accounts.
Goodwill, Intangible and Long-Lived Assets
We have two operating segments which are also our reporting units: Thermal and EMS. We account for goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350 (Intangibles - Goodwill and Other). Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful economic life and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter on a reporting unit basis, or more frequently when events and circumstances occur indicating that the recorded goodwill may be impaired. Goodwill is considered to be impaired if the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. As a part of the goodwill impairment assessment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, as a result of our qualitative assessment, we determine that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, a quantitative goodwill impairment test is not required. However, if, as a result of our qualitative assessment, we determine it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or, if we choose not to perform a qualitative assessment, we are required to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized.

F-10

The quantitative goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered not impaired. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss will be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The goodwill impairment assessment is based upon the income approach, which estimates the fair value of our reporting units based upon a discounted cash flow approach. This fair value is then reconciled to our market capitalization at year end with an appropriate control premium. The determination of the fair value of our reporting units requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions including the selection of control premiums, discount rates, terminal growth rates, forecasts of revenue and expense growth rates, income tax rates, changes in working capital, depreciation, amortization and capital expenditures. Changes in assumptions concerning future financial results or other underlying assumptions could have a significant impact on either the fair value of the reporting unit or the amount of the goodwill impairment charge.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. As a part of the impairment assessment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If, as a result of our qualitative assessment, we determine that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required; otherwise, no further testing is required. The quantitative impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

Long-lived assets, which consist of finite-lived intangible assets, property and equipment and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, are assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable or that the useful lives of these assets are no longer appropriate. Each impairment test is based on a comparison of the estimated undiscounted cash flows to the recorded value of the asset. If impairment is indicated, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value. The cash flow estimates used to determine the impairment, if any, contain management's best estimates using appropriate assumptions and projections at that time.

Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 606 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). We recognize revenue for the sale of products or services when our performance obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied and control of the product or service has been transferred to the customer. Generally, this occurs when we ship a product or perform a service. In certain cases, recognition of revenue is deferred until the product is received by the customer or at some other point in the future when we have determined that we have satisfied our performance obligations under the contract. Our contracts with customers may include a combination of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. In addition to the sale of products and services, we also lease certain of our equipment to customers under short-term lease agreements. We recognize revenue from equipment leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Revenue is recorded in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. We do not have any material variable consideration arrangements, or any material payment terms with our customers other than standard payment terms which generally range from net 30 to net 90 days. We generally do not provide a right of return to our customers. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Nature of Products and Services

We are a global supplier of innovative test and process solutions for use in manufacturing and testing across a wide range of markets including automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical, semiconductor and telecommunications. We sell thermal management products including ThermoStreams, ThermoChambers and process chillers, which we sell under our Temptronic, Sigma and Thermonics product lines, and Ambrell’s precision induction heating systems, including EKOHEAT and EASYHEAT products. We sell semiconductor ATE interface solutions which include manipulators, docking hardware and electrical interface products. We provide post-warranty service and support for the equipment we sell. We sell semiconductor ATE interface solutions and certain thermal management products to the Semi Market. We also sell our thermal management products to various other markets including the automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical and telecommunications markets.

F-11

We lease certain of our equipment under short-term leasing agreements with original lease terms of six months or less. Our lease agreements do not contain purchase options.

Types of Contracts with Customers

Our contracts with customers are generally structured as individual purchase orders which specify the exact products or services being sold or equipment being leased along with the selling price, service fee or monthly lease amount for each individual item on the purchase order. Payment terms and any other customer-specific acceptance criteria are also specified on the purchase order. We generally do not have any customer-specific acceptance criteria, other than that the product performs within the agreed upon specifications. We test substantially all products manufactured as part of our quality assurance process to determine that they comply with specifications prior to shipment to a customer.

Contract Balances

We record accounts receivable at the time of invoicing. Accounts receivable, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, is included in current assets on our balance sheet. To the extent that we do not recognize revenue at the same time as we invoice, we record a liability for deferred revenue. In certain instances, we also receive customer deposits in advance of invoicing and recording of accounts receivable. Deferred revenue and customer deposits are included in current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. We determine the allowance based on known troubled accounts, if any, historical experience, and other currently available evidence.

Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer

The only costs we incur associated with obtaining contracts with customers are sales commissions that we pay to our internal sales personnel or third-party sales representatives. These costs are calculated based on set percentages of the selling price of each product or service sold. Commissions are considered earned by our internal sales personnel at the time we recognize revenue for a particular transaction. Commissions are considered earned by third-party sales representatives at the time that revenue is recognized for a particular transaction. We record commission expense in our consolidated statements of operations at the time the commission is earned. Commissions earned but not yet paid are included in current liabilities on our balance sheets.

Product Warranties

In connection with the sale of our products, we generally provide standard one- or two-year product warranties which are detailed in our terms and conditions and communicated to our customers. Our standard warranties are not offered for sale separately from our products; therefore, there is not a separate performance obligation related to our standard warranties. We record estimated warranty expense for our standard warranties at the time of sale based upon historical claims experience. In very limited cases, we offer customers an option to separately purchase an extended warranty for certain of our products. In the case of extended warranties, we recognize revenue in the amount of the sale price for the extended warranty on a straight-line basis over the extended warranty period. We record costs incurred to provide service under an extended warranty at the time the service is provided. Warranty expense is included in selling expense in our consolidated statements of operations.

See Notes 5 and 16 for further information about our revenue from contracts with customers.

Inventories
Inventories are valued at cost on a first-in, first-out basis, not in excess of market value. Cash flows from the sale of inventories are recorded in operating cash flows. On a quarterly basis, we review our inventories and record excess and obsolete inventory charges based upon our established objective excess and obsolete inventory criteria. These criteria identify material that has not been used in a work order during the prior twelve months and the quantity of material on hand that is greater than the average annual usage of that material over the prior three years. In certain cases, additional excess and obsolete inventory charges are recorded based upon current market conditions, anticipated product life cycles, new product introductions and expected future use of the inventory. The excess and obsolete inventory charges we record establish a new cost basis for the related inventories. We incurred excess and obsolete inventory charges of $444 and $391 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Property and Equipment
Machinery and equipment are stated at cost, except for machinery and equipment acquired in a business combination, which are stated at fair value at the time of acquisition. As previously discussed above under "Goodwill, Intangible and Long-Lived Assets," machinery and equipment that has been determined to be impaired is written down to its fair value at the time of the impairment. Depreciation is based upon the estimated useful life of the assets using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives range from one to ten years. Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost and amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Total depreciation expense was $630 and $685 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

F-12

Leases

We account for leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842 (Leases). We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. A lease contract is within scope if the contract has an identified asset (property, plant or equipment) and grants the lessee the right to control the use of the asset during the lease term. The identified asset may be either explicitly or implicitly specified in the contract. In addition, the supplier must not have any practical ability to substitute a different asset and would not economically benefit from doing so for the lease contract to be in scope. The lessee’s right to control the use of the asset during the term of the lease must include the ability to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset as well as decision-making authority over how the asset will be used. Leases are classified as either operating leases or finance leases based on the guidance in ASC Topic 842. Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment and financing lease liabilities. We do not currently have any financing leases.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. None of our leases provide an implicit rate; therefore, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. We include these options in the determination of the amount of the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain of our operating leases contain predetermined fixed escalations of minimum rentals and rent holidays during the original lease terms. Rent holidays are periods during which we have control of the leased facility but are not obligated to pay rent. For these leases, our ROU asset and lease liability are calculated including any rent holiday in the determination of the life of the lease.

We have lease agreements which contain both lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. In addition to the monthly rental payments due, most of our leases for our offices and warehouse facilities include non-lease components representing our portion of the common area maintenance, property taxes and insurance charges incurred by the landlord for the facilities which we occupy. These amounts are not included in the calculation of the ROU assets and lease liabilities as they are based on actual charges incurred in the periods to which they apply.

Operating lease payments are included in cash outflows from operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows. Amortization of right of use assets is presented separately from the change in operating lease liabilities and is included in Depreciation and Amortization on our consolidated statements of cash flows.

We have made an accounting policy election not to apply the recognition requirements of ASC Topic 842 to short-term leases (leases with a term of one year or less at the commencement date of the lease). Lease expense for short-term lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

See “Effect of Recently Adopted Amendments to Authoritative Accounting Guidance” below and Note 8 for further disclosures regarding our leases.

Contingent Liability for Repayment of State and Local Grant Funds Received

In connection with leasing a new facility in Rochester, New York, which our subsidiary, Ambrell, occupied in May 2018, we entered into agreements with the city of Rochester and the state of New York under which we received grants totaling $463 to help offset a portion of the cost of the leasehold improvements we have made to this facility. In exchange for the funds we received under these agreements, we are required to create and maintain specified levels of employment in this location through various dates ending in 2023. If we fail to meet these employment targets, we may be required to repay a proportionate share of the proceeds. As of December 31, 2020, $423 of the total proceeds received could still be required to be repaid if we do not meet the targets. We have recorded this amount as a contingent liability which is included in other liabilities on our balance sheet. Those portions of the proceeds which are no longer subject to repayment are reclassified to deferred grant proceeds and amortized to income on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term for the Rochester facility. Deferred grant proceeds are included in other current liabilities and other liabilities on our balance sheet and totaled $27 at December 31, 2020.

F-13

As of December 31, 2020, we were not in compliance with the employment targets as specified in the grant agreement with the city of Rochester. We applied for and received a waiver of this requirement for the year ended December 31, 2020. We have until December 31, 2021 to come into compliance with the targets as outlined in the waiver received for the year ended December 31, 2020. If we do not achieve compliance, we will need to apply for an additional waiver or we may be required to repay a proportionate share of the proceeds.

Stock-Based Compensation
We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718 (Compensation - Stock Compensation) which requires that employee share-based equity awards be accounted for under the fair value method and requires the use of an option pricing model for estimating fair value of stock options, which is then amortized to expense over the service periods. See further disclosures related to our stock-based compensation plans in Note 13.
Engineering and Product Development
Engineering and product development costs, which consist primarily of the salary and related benefits costs of our technical staff, as well as the cost of materials used in product development, are expensed as incurred.
Foreign Currency
For our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currencies are not the U.S. dollar, assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. The results of operations are translated using an average exchange rate for the period. The effects of rate fluctuations in translating assets and liabilities of these international operations into U.S. dollars are included in accumulated other comprehensive earnings in stockholders' equity. Transaction gains or losses are included in net earnings. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, foreign currency transaction losses were $26 and $3, respectively.
Income Taxes
The asset and liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. See Note 11 for additional information regarding income taxes.

Net Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share
Net earnings (loss) per common share - basic is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Net earnings (loss) per common share - diluted is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during each period. Common share equivalents represent unvested shares of restricted stock and stock options and are calculated using the treasury stock method. Common share equivalents are excluded from the calculation if their effect is anti-dilutive.
The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, a reconciliation of weighted average common shares outstanding - basic to weighted average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding - diluted and the average number of potentially dilutive securities that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share because their effect was anti-dilutive:

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding–basic |  |  | 10,256,560 |  |  |  | 10,373,164 |
Potentially dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unvested shares of restricted stock and employee stock options |  |  | - |  |  |  | 18,811 |
Weighted average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding–diluted |  |  | 10,256,560 |  |  |  | 10,391,975 |
Average number of potentially dilutive securities excluded from calculation |  |  | 717,015 |  |  |  | 523,485 |

F-14

Effect of Recently Issued Amendments to Authoritative Accounting Guidance

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued amendments to the guidance for accounting for credit losses. In November 2019, the FASB deferred the effective date of these amendments for certain companies, including smaller reporting companies. As a result of the deferral, the amendments are effective for us for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The amendments replace the incurred loss impairment methodology under current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires the use of a forward-looking expected credit loss model for accounts receivables, loans, and other financial instruments. The amendments require a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. We plan to adopt the amendments when they become effective for us on January 1, 2023. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of these amendments will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued amendments to the accounting for income taxes, which add new guidance to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in ASC Topic 740 (Income Taxes) and changing the accounting for certain income tax transactions. The amendments are effective for us as of January 1, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt the amendments when they become effective for us on January 1, 2021. We do not expect these amendments to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

(3) | RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CHARGES

EMS Segment Restructuring and Facility Consolidation

On September 21, 2020, we notified employees in our Fremont, California facility of a plan to consolidate all manufacturing for our EMS segment into our manufacturing operations located in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey. The consolidation was substantially completed during the fourth quarter of 2020 and resulted in the termination of certain employees at the Fremont location. Prior to the consolidation, our interface products were manufactured in the Fremont facility, and our manipulator and docking hardware products were manufactured in the Mt. Laurel facility. The consolidation was undertaken to better serve customers through streamlined operations and reduce the fixed annual operating costs for the EMS segment. A small engineering and sales office will be maintained in northern California.

As a result of this action, we incurred charges for severance and other one-time termination benefits, other associated costs, including moving and production start-up costs, and charges related to exiting the facility, including an impairment charge related to the ROU asset for the lease of the Fremont facility. The total costs incurred in 2020 related to this action were $903. We expect to incur additional charges in the first half of 2021 as we finalize the integration of the manufacturing operations. These additional costs are expected to range from $100 to $150. We intend to try to sublease our facility located in Fremont, California. When manufacturing operations ceased in the Fremont facility on December 28, 2020, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $522 related to the ROU asset for the lease of the Fremont facility as we do not currently expect to sublet the facility for the full remaining term of the lease. As of December 31, 2020, after recording the impairment charge, the ROU asset related to this facility totaled $597.

Details of the cash and non-cash charges recorded during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to the EMS segment restructuring and facility consolidation are below. These costs are included in restructuring and other charges on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31. 2020.

|  | Cash Charges |  |  | Non-Cash Charges |  |  | Total Charges |
Severance and other one-time termination benefits |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 69 |
Other associated costs |  |  | 159 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 159 |
Impairment of ROU asset |  |  | - |  |  |  | 522 |  |  |  | 522 |
Costs related to subletting the Fremont, CA facility |  |  | 153 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 153 |
Total |  | $ | 381 |  |  | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | 903 |

Executive Management Changes

On August 6, 2020, James Pelrin resigned as President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and as a director. In connection with his resignation, we entered into a Separation and Consulting Agreement (the “Separation Agreement”) with Mr. Pelrin dated August 6, 2020 pursuant to which Mr. Pelrin agreed to provide consulting services for three months, subject to an extension of up to an additional three months at our option. The Separation Agreement also provides that Mr. Pelrin is entitled to severance and other benefits. The Separation Agreement is included as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (“8-K”) filed on August 11, 2020 with the SEC.

F-15

On August 6, 2020, our Board of Directors approved, effective as of August 24, 2020 (the “Start Date”), the appointment of Richard N. Grant, Jr. to the position of President and CEO and to fill the vacancy on our Board of Directors left by Mr. Pelrin’s resignation. We entered into a letter agreement with Mr. Grant, subject to his appointment as our President, CEO and a director, which appointments occurred on August 6, 2020 and became effective as of the Start Date. The letter agreement is included as Exhibit 10.2 to our 8-K filed on August 11, 2020 with the SEC.

Total costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to these executive management changes were $514, which consisted of fees for the executive management search firm, legal fees related to the transition, and severance and consulting fees paid to our former CEO. These costs were partially offset by the reversal of $117 of expense related to stock-based compensation awards forfeited at his termination date by our former CEO.

In addition, in connection with these actions, we have reduced the administrative footprint in our Mansfield, Massachusetts corporate office associated with the reestablishment of the Mt. Laurel, New Jersey office as our corporate headquarters. We recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $90 during the fourth quarter of 2020 related to the ROU asset associated with the lease of the corporate space in Mansfield and a cash charge of $99 for other costs related to reducing the size of this facility. We intend to try to sublease this space, but we do not currently expect to sublet it for the full remaining term of the lease. As of December 31, 2020, after recording the impairment charge, the ROU asset related to this space totaled $139. We do not expect to incur any additional costs related to these actions after December 31, 2020.

Details of the cash and non-cash charges recorded during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to these actions are below. These severance and one-time termination benefits, the impairment charge and the costs associated with subletting the facility in Mansfield are included in restructuring and other charges on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31. 2020. The other associated costs in the table below are included in general and administrative expense on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020.

|  | Cash Charges |  |  | Non-Cash Charges |  |  | Total Charges |
Severance and other one-time termination benefits |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 133 |
Other associated costs |  |  | 381 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 381 |
Impairment of ROU asset |  |  | - |  |  |  | 90 |  |  |  | 90 |
Costs related to subletting the Mansfield, MA facility |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 99 |
Total |  | $ | 613 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 703 |

Other Charges

In addition to the charges discussed above, during 2020, we recorded cash charges for severance and other one-time termination benefits of $46 and other costs of $14 related to headcount reductions and employee relocation. The headcount reductions were primarily in our Thermal segment as a result of a slow-down in business activity early in the year. These costs are included in restructuring and other charges on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31. 2020.

Consolidation of Ambrell’s European Operations

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded $240 of restructuring and other charges which were primarily related to the consolidation of Ambrell’s European operations. These costs included severance and other one-time termination benefits of $137 and other costs related to the consolidation of $103.

Accrued Restructuring

The liability for accrued restructuring charges is included in other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the amount of the liability for accrued restructuring for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

Balance - January 1, 2019 |  | $ | - |
Accruals for severance and other one-time termination benefits |  |  | 137 |
Accruals for costs related to the consolidation of Ambrell’s European operations |  |  | 103 |
Cash payments |  |  | (240 | )
Balance - December 31, 2019 |  |  | - |
Accruals for severance and other one-time termination benefits |  |  | 248 |
Accruals for costs related to subletting the Fremont, CA facility |  |  | 153 |
Accruals for costs related to subletting the Mansfield, MA facility |  |  | 98 |
Cash payments |  |  | (159 | )
Balance - December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 340 |

F-16

(4) | GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

We have two operating segments which are also our reporting units: Thermal and EMS. Goodwill and intangible assets on our balance sheets are the result of our acquisitions of Sigma Systems Corp. ("Sigma") in October 2008, Thermonics, Inc. ("Thermonics") in January 2012 and Ambrell in May 2017. All of our goodwill and intangible assets are allocated to our Thermal segment.
Goodwill
Goodwill totaled $13,738 at both December 31, 2020 and 2019 and was comprised of the following:

Sigma |  | $ | 1,656 |
Thermonics |  |  | 50 |
Ambrell |  |  | 12,032 |
Total |  | $ | 13,738 |

Intangible Assets
Changes in the amount of the carrying value of finite-lived intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

Balance - January 1, 2019 |  | $ | 8,201 |
Amortization |  |  | (1,257 | )
Balance - December 31, 2019 |  |  | 6,944 |
Amortization |  |  | (1,233 | )
Balance - December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 5,711 |

The following tables provide further detail about our intangible assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:

|  | December 31, 2020 |
|  | Gross Carrying Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Amount |
Finite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 10,480 |  |  | $ | 4,912 |  |  | $ | 5,568 |
Technology |  |  | 600 |  |  |  | 477 |  |  |  | 123 |
Patents |  |  | 590 |  |  |  | 570 |  |  |  | 20 |
Software |  |  | 270 |  |  |  | 270 |  |  |  | - |
Trade name |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | - |
Total finite-lived intangible assets |  |  | 12,080 |  |  |  | 6,369 |  |  |  | 5,711 |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks |  |  | 6,710 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,710 |
Total intangible assets |  | $ | 18,790 |  |  | $ | 6,369 |  |  | $ | 12,421 |

|  | December 31, 2019 |
|  | Gross Carrying Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Amount |
Finite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 10,480 |  |  | $ | 3,805 |  |  | $ | 6,675 |
Technology |  |  | 600 |  |  |  | 380 |  |  |  | 220 |
Patents |  |  | 590 |  |  |  | 541 |  |  |  | 49 |
Software |  |  | 270 |  |  |  | 270 |  |  |  | - |
Trade name |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | - |
Total finite-lived intangible assets |  |  | 12,080 |  |  |  | 5,136 |  |  |  | 6,944 |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks |  |  | 6,710 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,710 |
Total intangible assets |  | $ | 18,790 |  |  | $ | 5,136 |  |  | $ | 13,654 |

F-17

We generally amortize our finite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, unless an alternate amortization method can be reliably determined. Any such alternate amortization method would be based on the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are expected to be consumed. None of our intangible assets have any residual value.

The following table sets forth the estimated annual amortization expense for each of the next five years:

2021 |  | $ | 1,227 |
2022 |  | $ | 1,167 |
2023 |  | $ | 1,067 |
2024 |  | $ | 980 |
2025 |  | $ | 905 |

Impairment of Goodwill and Indefinite Life Intangible Assets
During December 2020 and 2019, we assessed our goodwill and indefinite life intangible asset for impairment in accordance with the requirements of ASC Topic 350 using a quantitative approach. Our goodwill impairment assessment is based upon the income approach, which estimates the fair value of our reporting units based upon a discounted cash flow approach. This fair value is then reconciled to our market capitalization at year end with an appropriate control premium. The discount rate used in 2020 and 2019 for the discounted cash flows was 20.0%. The selection of the rate in each year was based upon our analysis of market-based estimates of capital costs and discount rates. The determination of the fair value of our reporting units requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions including the selection of control premiums, discount rates, terminal growth rates, forecasts of revenue and expense growth rates, income tax rates, changes in working capital, depreciation, amortization and capital expenditures. Changes in assumptions concerning future financial results or other underlying assumptions could have a significant impact on either the fair value of the reporting unit or the amount of the goodwill impairment charge.

During the goodwill impairment assessment in both 2020 and 2019, we compared the fair value of our Thermal reporting unit with its carrying value. This assessment indicated no impairment existed as the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value in both 2020 and 2019.
During the indefinite life intangible asset impairment assessment in both 2020 and 2019, we compared the fair value of our indefinite life intangible assets with their carrying values. This assessment indicated no impairment existed as the fair value of the indefinite life intangible assets exceeded their carrying values in both 2020 and 2019.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Finite-lived Intangible Assets
During 2020 and 2019, we did not review any of our long-lived assets for impairment other than the ROU assets related to the leases for our facilities in Fremont, CA and Mansfield, MA as discussed further in Notes 3 and 8. There were no events or changes in business circumstances that would indicate an impairment might exist other than the events identified and discussed in Note 3 related to these specific long-lived assets.

F-18

(5) | REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

The following tables provide additional information about our revenue from contracts with customers, including revenue by customer and product type and revenue by market. See also Note 16 for information about revenue by operating segment and geographic region.

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net revenues by customer type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
End user |  | $ | 48,041 |  |  | $ | 55,074 |
OEM/Integrator |  |  | 5,782 |  |  |  | 5,586 |
|  | $ | 53,823 |  |  | $ | 60,660 |
Net revenues by product type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Thermal test |  | $ | 15,768 |  |  | $ | 17,631 |
Thermal process |  |  | 18,966 |  |  |  | 20,079 |
Semiconductor test |  |  | 13,112 |  |  |  | 16,273 |
Service/other |  |  | 5,977 |  |  |  | 6,677 |
|  | $ | 53,823 |  |  | $ | 60,660 |
Net revenues by market: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Semi Market |  | $ | 26,870 |  |  | $ | 30,953 |
Industrial |  |  | 17,341 |  |  |  | 21,231 |
Defense/aerospace |  |  | 6,314 |  |  |  | 4,842 |
Telecommunications |  |  | 1,715 |  |  |  | 1,845 |
Other Multi Markets |  |  | 1,583 |  |  |  | 1,789 |
|  | $ | 53,823 |  |  | $ | 60,660 |

Changes in the amount of the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

Balance - January 1, 2019 |  | $ | 233 |
Bad debt expense |  |  | 3 |
Write-offs |  |  | (25 | )
Balance - December 31, 2019 |  |  | 211 |
Bad debt expense |  |  | - |
Write-offs |  |  | - |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | 1 |
Balance - December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 212 |

(6) | MAJOR CUSTOMERS

During the year ended December 31, 2020, no customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated net revenues. During the year ended December 31, 2019, Texas Instruments Incorporated accounted 10% of our consolidated net revenues. While both of our operating segments sold products to this customer, these revenues were primarily generated by our EMS segment. During the year ended December 31, 2019, no other customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated net revenues.

(7) | INVENTORIES

Inventories held at December 31 were comprised of the following:

|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 5,371 |  |  | $ | 5,369 |
Work in process |  |  | 1,085 |  |  |  | 949 |
Inventory consigned to others |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 54 |
Finished goods |  |  | 975 |  |  |  | 810 |
Total inventories |  | $ | 7,476 |  |  | $ | 7,182 |

F-19

(8) | LEASES

As previously discussed in Note 2, we account for our leases in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 842. We lease our offices, warehouse facilities and certain equipment under non-cancellable operating leases that expire at various dates through 2031. Total operating lease and short-term lease costs for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were as follows:

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Operating lease cost |  | $ | 1,583 |  |  | $ | 1,476 |
Short-term lease cost |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 51 |

The following is additional information about our leases as of December 31, 2020:

Range of remaining lease terms (in years) |  | 0.1 | to | 10.0
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) |  |  | 6.4 |
Weighted average discount rate |  |  | 4.3% |

Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:

2021 |  | $ | 1,481 |
2022 |  |  | 1,405 |
2023 |  |  | 1,416 |
2024 |  |  | 1,395 |
2025 |  |  | 722 |
Thereafter |  |  | 1,845 |
Total lease payments |  | $ | 8,264 |
Less imputed interest |  |  | (999 | )
Total |  | $ | 7,265 |

F-20

Cash Flow Information

Total amortization of right of use assets for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1,294 and $1,251, respectively.

ROU Asset Impairment Charges

During the fourth quarter of 2020, we recorded charges for non-cash impairments related to certain of our ROU assets as discussed further in Note 3. The total of these charges was $612. In determining whether our ROU assets were impaired, we considered the intended future use of the assets, including whether we expect to be able to sublease the related facilities. In both cases, we expect to eventually be able to sublease the facilities, but we currently do not expect to successfully negotiate a sublease for either facility in 2021. Our projected future cash inflows from sublease income reflect this expectation. In order to determine whether an impairment existed, we compared all future cash outflows related to the lease for the underlying ROU asset and compared this with our projected future cash inflows from the sublease. We developed several scenarios to model the expected timing and amount of sublease income we expect to receive. In all cases, the future cash outflows exceeded the expected future cash inflows, resulting in the conclusion that the ROU assets were impaired. We then discounted the projected deficit in each scenario using our estimated cost of capital and probability weighted the results to determine the amount of the impairment charge to record. To the extent that our estimate of future cash inflows exceeds the amount we ultimately receive from any sublease we enter into for these facilities, we may need to record an additional impairment charge related to these ROU assets in a future period.

Lease Modifications and Additions

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:

Year ended December 31, 2020 |
Non-cash increases (decreases) in operating lease liabilities and ROU assets as a result of lease modifications and the execution of new leases: |
Modification to lease for facility in Fremont, California |  | $ | 1,176 |
Modification to lease for facility in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey |  | $ | 2,051 |
Modification to lease for Ambrell’s Netherlands facility |  | $ | 133 |
Additions to automobile leases |  | $ | 91 |

On January 23, 2020, we executed an amendment to the lease for our EMS facility in Fremont, California, which extended the term for a period of 61 months commencing on November 1, 2020 and expiring on November 30, 2025. At the effective date of this modification, we recorded an increase in our ROU assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $1,176.

On September 22, 2020, we executed an amendment to the lease for our EMS facility in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey, which extended the term of the existing lease for a period of 120 months commencing on May 1, 2021. At the effective date of this modification, we recorded an increase in our ROU assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $2,051. In addition, effective on August 1, 2021, the leased space will be reduced to approximately 33,650 square feet.

On October 1, 2020, the lease for Ambrell’s Netherlands facility automatically renewed for an additional three years. At the effective date of this modification, we recorded an increase in our ROU assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $133.

During the fourth quarter of 2020, we executed new leases for automobiles for certain of our employees in Europe. At the dates of execution, we recorded increases in our ROU assets and operating lease liabilities. The total increase recorded in 2020 related to these new leases was approximately $91.

F-21

Year ended December 31, 2019 |
Non-cash increases (decreases) in operating lease liabilities and ROU assets as a result of lease modifications: |
Modification to lease for Ambrell’s U.K. facility |  | $ | (486 | )
Modification to lease for facility in Mansfield, Massachusetts |  | $ | 1,811 |
Modification to lease for Ambrell’s Netherlands facility |  | $ | (48 | )

The lease for Ambrell’s U.K. facility had an original term of 15 years, which extended through August 2029. The lease included the option to terminate the lease at specified points in time without penalty. We exercised this option in March 2019, and the lease expired in September 2019. At the effective date of this modification, we recorded a reduction in our ROU assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $486.

On April 8, 2019, we executed an amendment to the lease for our facility in Mansfield, Massachusetts that extended the term of the lease for an additional forty months to December 31, 2024 and expanded the amount of leased space by approximately 6,100 square feet. The current rate per square foot that is in place through August 31, 2021 (the original expiration date of the lease) did not change. After August 31, 2021, there are predetermined fixed escalations of the rate as outlined in the amendment. As a result of this modification, we recorded an increase in our ROU assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $1,811.

During the third quarter of 2019, the lease for a portion of Ambrell’s facility in the Netherlands was modified to reduce the term of that lease to expire in September 2019 as that portion of the space was no longer needed. At the effective date of this modification, we recorded a reduction in our ROU assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $48.

(9) | OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Other current liabilities at December 31 were comprised of the following:

|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Accrued restructuring |  | $ | 340 |  |  | $ | - |
Accrued warranty |  |  | 235 |  |  |  | 334 |
Other |  |  | 229 |  |  |  | 163 |
Total other current liabilities |  | $ | 804 |  |  | $ | 497 |

(10) | DEBT

Letters of Credit
We have issued letters of credit as the security deposits for certain of our domestic leases. These letters of credit are secured by pledged certificates of deposit which are classified as Restricted Certificates of Deposit on our balance sheets. The terms of our leases require us to renew these letters of credit at least 30 days prior to their expiration dates for successive terms of not less than one year until lease expiration. In accordance with the terms of our lease, the letter of credit related to our facility in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey was reduced from $125 to $90 on April 1, 2019. Our outstanding letters of credit at December 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted of the following:

|  |  | L/C |  | Lease |  | Letters of Credit Amount Outstanding |
Facility | Original L/C Issue Date |  | Expiration Date |  | Expiration Date |  | Dec. 31 2020 |  |  | Dec. 31 2019 |
Mt. Laurel, NJ | 3/29/2010 |  | 4/30/2021 |  | 4/30/2031 |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 90 |
Mansfield, MA | 10/27/2010 |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2024 |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 50 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 140 |

Line of Credit

On April 10, 2020 (the “Closing Date”) we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Agreement”) with M&T Bank (“M&T”) which was amended on December 16, 2020. Under the terms of the amended Agreement, M&T has provided us with a $7,500 revolving credit facility under which our domestic subsidiaries, Ambrell, inTEST EMS LLC (“EMS LLC”), Temptronic Corporation (“Temptronic”) and inTEST Silicon Valley Corporation (“Silicon Valley”), are guarantors (collectively, the “Guarantors”). The revolving credit facility has a 364-day contract period that began on the Closing Date and expires on April 9, 2021 (the “Contract Period”). The principal balance of the revolving credit facility accrues interest at the LIBOR rate plus 2.0%. In the event the current LIBOR rate is no longer available or representative, the Agreement includes a mechanism for providing an alternate benchmark. Interest payments are due on a monthly basis, and principal payments are due, along with any accrued and unpaid interest thereon, on the earlier of (a) the expiration of the Contract Period, or (b) on demand upon the occurrence of an event of default that is continuing. As of December 31, 2020, we had $7,500 available to borrow under this facility.

F-22

The Agreement contains customary events of default including, but not limited to, the failure by us to repay obligations when due, violation of provisions or representations provided in the Agreement, bankruptcy of inTEST Corporation, suspension of the business of inTEST Corporation or any of our subsidiaries and certain material judgments. After expiration of the Contract Period, or if during the continuance of an event of default, interest will accrue on the principal balance at a rate of 2% in excess of the then applicable non-default interest rate. Our obligations under the Agreement are secured by liens on substantially all our tangible and intangible assets. The Agreement includes customary affirmative, negative and financial covenants, including a maximum ratio of assets to liabilities and a fixed charge coverage ratio.

This facility was put in place to provide us with additional liquidity in response to the business environment, as a result of COVID-19. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we drew down $2,800 on our revolving credit facility. This amount was fully repaid during this same period. We did not borrow under this revolving credit facility at any other time during 2020.

Paycheck Protection Program Loans

As discussed more fully in Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2020 filed on May 13, 2020 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, during April 2020 we applied for and received loans through the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration totaling $2,829. We repaid the full amount of the PPP loans on May 5, 2020 with the applicable interest.

(11) | INCOME TAXES

We are subject to Federal and certain state income taxes. In addition, we are taxed in certain foreign countries.
Earnings (loss) before income taxes was as follows:

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Domestic |  | $ | (2,017 | ) |  | $ | 1,804 |
Foreign |  |  | 786 |  |  |  | 800 |
Total |  | $ | (1,231 | ) |  | $ | 2,604 |

Income tax expense (benefit) was as follows:

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic – Federal |  | $ | (182 | ) |  | $ | 510 |
Domestic – state |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 101 |
Foreign |  |  | 135 |  |  |  | 97 |
Total |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 708 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic – Federal |  | $ | (299 | ) |  | $ | (413 | )
Domestic – state |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (13 | )
Foreign |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | - |
Total |  |  | (342 | ) |  |  | (426 | )
Income tax expense |  | $ | (336 | ) |  | $ | 282 |

F-23

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards as well as temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The following is a summary of the significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 1,601 |  |  | $ | 1,123 |
Inventories |  |  | 321 |  |  |  | 247 |
Accrued vacation pay and stock-based compensation |  |  | 252 |  |  |  | 279 |
Net operating loss (state and foreign) |  |  | 241 |  |  |  | 280 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 44 |
Accrued warranty |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 19 |
Acquisition costs |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 12 |
Tax credit carryforwards |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 112 |
Other |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | 13 |
Total |  |  | 2,558 |  |  |  | 2,129 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (169 | ) |  |  | (234 | )
Deferred tax assets |  |  | 2,389 |  |  |  | 1,895 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net intangible assets |  |  | (2,697 | ) |  |  | (2,923 | )
Right of use assets |  |  | (1,400 | ) |  |  | (1,066 | )
Depreciation of property and equipment |  |  | (214 | ) |  |  | (169 | )
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (4,311 | ) |  |  | (4,158 | )
Net deferred tax liabilities |  | $ | (1,922 | ) |  | $ | (2,263 | )

The net change in the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was a decrease of $65 and $7, respectively. In assessing the ability to realize the deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We consider the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. In order to fully realize the total deferred tax assets, we will need to generate future taxable income prior to the expiration of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards which expire in various years through 2040.

An analysis of the effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 and a reconciliation from the expected statutory rate of 21% is as follows:

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Expected income tax expense (benefit) at U.S. statutory rate |  | $ | (259 | ) |  | $ | 547 |
Increase (decrease) in tax from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividend from foreign subsidiaries |  |  | 83 |  |  |  | 97 |
NOL carryforwards utilized |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 32 |
Restricted stock compensation |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 114 |
Global intangible low taxed income |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 30 |
Nondeductible expenses |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 4 |
Current year tax credits (foreign and research) |  |  | (82 | ) |  |  | (234 | )
Domestic tax benefit, net of Federal benefit |  |  | (68 | ) |  |  | (184 | )
Changes in valuation allowance |  |  | (65 | ) |  |  | (7 | )
Foreign income tax rate differences |  |  | (34 | ) |  |  | (51 | )
Section 250 foreign derived intangible income deduction |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (145 | )
Other |  |  | (71 | ) |  |  | 79 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | $ | (336 | ) |  | $ | 282 |

In accounting for income taxes, we follow the guidance in ASC Topic 740 (Income Taxes) regarding the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions in our financial statements. Recognition involves a determination of whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination with the presumption that the tax position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. Our policy is to record interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits as additional income taxes in the statement of operations. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we did not have an accrual for uncertain tax positions.

We file U.S. income tax returns and multiple state and foreign income tax returns. With few exceptions, the U.S. and state income tax returns filed for the tax years ended December 31, 2017 and thereafter are subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities.

F-24

(12) | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time we may be a party to legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently involved in any legal proceedings the resolution of which we believe could have a material effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or long-term liquidity.

(13) | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLAN

As of December 31, 2020, we have unvested restricted stock awards and stock options outstanding which were granted under the inTEST Corporation Third Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Plan (the "2014 Stock Plan"). The 2014 Stock Plan was originally approved at our annual meeting of stockholders held on June 25, 2014 and permitted the granting of stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights or restricted stock units for up to 500,000 shares of our common stock to directors, officers, other key employees and consultants. On June 27, 2018, our stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the 2014 Stock Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock that may be delivered pursuant to awards granted under the 2014 Stock Plan from 500,000 to 1,000,000 shares. On June 19, 2019, our stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the 2014 Stock Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock that may be delivered pursuant to awards granted under the 2014 Stock Plan from 1,000,000 to 2,000,000 shares. As of December 31, 2020, there were 1,067,979 aggregate shares available to grant under the 2014 Plan.
Our unvested restricted stock awards and stock options are accounted for based on their grant date fair value. As of December 31, 2020, total compensation expense to be recognized in future periods is $1,353. The weighted average period over which this expense is expected to be recognized is 2.6 years.

The following table summarizes the compensation expense we recorded during 2020 and 2019, related to unvested shares of restricted stock and stock options:

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Cost of revenues |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Selling expense |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 8 |
Engineering and product development expense |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 35 |
General and administrative expense |  |  | 617 |  |  |  | 841 |
|  | $ | 671 |  |  | $ | 884 |

There was no compensation expense capitalized in 2020 or 2019.

Stock Options
We record compensation expense for stock options based on the fair market value of the options as of the grant date. No option may be granted with an exercise period in excess of ten years from the date of grant. Generally, stock options will be granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our stock on the date of grant and will vest over four years.
The fair value for stock options granted during 2020 and 2019 was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 0.46 | % |  |  | 2.35 | %
Dividend yield |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | %
Expected common stock market price volatility factor |  |  | .44 |  |  |  | .42 |
Weighted average expected life of stock options (years) |  |  | 6.25 |  |  |  | 6.25 |

The per share weighted average fair value of stock options issued during 2020 and 2019 was $1.48 and $2.75, respectively.

F-25

The following table summarizes the activity related to stock options for the two years ended December 31, 2020:

|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Options outstanding, January 1, 2019 |  |  | 264,400 |  |  |  | 7.54 |
Granted |  |  | 249,460 |  |  |  | 6.25 |
Exercised |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Canceled |  |  | (7,050 | ) |  |  | 8.45 |
Options outstanding, December 31, 2019 (87,900 exercisable) |  |  | 506,810 |  |  |  | 6.89 |
Granted |  |  | 113,980 |  |  |  | 3.49 |
Exercised |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Canceled |  |  | (182,590 | ) |  |  | 6.31 |
Options outstanding, December 31, 2020 (204,630 exercisable) |  |  | 438,200 |  |  |  | 6.25 |

Restricted Stock Awards
We record compensation expense for restricted stock awards based on the quoted market price of our stock at the grant date and amortize the expense over the vesting period. Restricted stock awards generally vest over four years for employees and over one year for our independent directors (25% at each of March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31 of the year in which they were granted).

On August 24, 2020, our new President and CEO received two restricted stock awards totaling 141,610 shares valued at $650 as of the date of grant, which was also his hire date. Of the total shares awarded, 66,448 shares vest over 4 years (25% at each anniversary) and 75,162 vest on the third anniversary of the grant date at a vesting percentage that could range from 0% to 150% of the number of shares awarded on August 24, 2020. The final vesting percentage will be based on the achievement of certain performance metrics, including net revenue compound annual growth rate and diluted earnings per share excluding amortization of intangibles, for specified time periods as determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2020, we have estimated that these shares will vest at 100% of the original amount awarded and are recording expense based on this estimate on a straight-line basis over the three year vesting period. Our estimate of the final expected vesting percentage will be reassessed and adjusted, as needed, at the end of each reporting period.

The following table summarizes the activity related to unvested restricted stock awards for the two years ended December 31, 2020:

|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Unvested shares outstanding, January 1, 2019 |  |  | 114,750 |  |  |  | 6.92 |
Granted |  |  | 132,580 |  |  |  | 6.31 |
Vested |  |  | (69,974 | ) |  |  | 6.60 |
Forfeited |  |  | (12,325 | ) |  |  | 7.14 |
Unvested shares outstanding, December 31, 2019 |  |  | 165,031 |  |  |  | 6.55 |
Granted |  |  | 229,110 |  |  |  | 4.24 |
Vested |  |  | (89,861 | ) |  |  | 5.32 |
Forfeited |  |  | (67,125 | ) |  |  | 6.03 |
Unvested shares outstanding, December 31, 2020 |  |  | 237,155 |  |  |  | 4.93 |

The total fair value of the restricted stock awards that vested during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $357 and $426, respectively, as of the vesting dates of these awards.

(14) | STOCK REPURCHASE PLANS

On July 31, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $3,000 of our common stock from time to time on the open market, in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or in privately negotiated transactions pursuant to a newly authorized stock repurchase plan (the “2019 Repurchase Plan”). Repurchases may be made under a Rule 10b5-1 plan entered into with RW Baird & Co., which would permit shares to be repurchased when we might otherwise be precluded from doing so under insider trading laws and our internal trading windows. The 2019 Repurchase Plan does not obligate us to purchase any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The 2019 Repurchase Plan is funded using our operating cash flow or available cash. Purchases began on September 18, 2019 under this plan. During the quarter ended March 31, 2020, we repurchased 13,767 shares under the 2019 Repurchase Plan at a cost of $74, including fees paid to our broker. On March 2, 2020, we suspended repurchases under the 2019 Repurchase Plan. For the term of the 2019 Repurchase Plan through December 31, 2020, we have repurchased a total of 243,075 shares at a cost of $1,216, which includes fees paid to our broker of $6. All of the repurchased shares were retired.

F-26

In addition, on July 31, 2019, our Board of Directors terminated the 2015 Stock Repurchase Plan which had been authorized on October 27, 2015 and under which we had repurchased a total of 297,020 shares at a cost of $1,195. The shares were repurchased between December 2015 and January 2017. All of the repurchased shares were retired.

(15) | EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

We have defined contribution 401(k) plans for our employees who work in the U.S. All permanent employees of inTEST Corporation, EMS LLC, Temptronic and Silicon Valley who are at least 18 years of age are eligible to participate in the inTEST Corporation Incentive Savings Plan. We match employee contributions dollar for dollar up to 10% of the employee's annual compensation, with a maximum limit of $5. Employer contributions vest ratably over four years. Matching contributions are discretionary. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 we recorded $331 and $382 of expense for matching contributions, respectively.

All permanent employees of Ambrell are immediately eligible to participate in the Ambrell Corporation Savings & Profit Sharing Plan (the "Ambrell Plan") upon employment and are eligible for employer matching contributions after completing six months of service, as defined in the Ambrell Plan. The Ambrell Plan allows eligible employees to make voluntary contributions up to 100% of compensation, up to the federal government contribution limits. We will make a matching contribution of 50% of each employee's contributions up to a maximum of 10% of the employee's deferral with a maximum limit of $5. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 we recorded $62 and $49 of expense for matching contributions, respectively.

(16) | SEGMENT INFORMATION

We have two reportable segments, Thermal and EMS, which are also our reporting units. Thermal includes the operations of Temptronic, Thermonics, Sigma, inTEST Thermal Solutions GmbH (Germany), inTEST Pte, Limited (Singapore) and Ambrell. Sales of this segment consist primarily of temperature management systems which we design, manufacture and market under our Temptronic, Thermonics and Sigma product lines, and precision induction heating systems which are designed, manufactured and marketed by Ambrell. In addition, this segment provides post-warranty service and support. EMS includes the operations of our manufacturing facilities in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey and Fremont, California. Sales of this segment consist primarily of manipulator, docking hardware and tester interface products, which we design, manufacture and market. See Note 3 for information related to the planned closure of our manufacturing facility in Fremont, California.

We operate our business worldwide and sell our products both domestically and internationally. Both of our segments sell to semiconductor manufacturers, third-party test and assembly houses and ATE manufacturers. Thermal also sells into a variety of markets outside of the Semi Market, including the automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical, telecommunications and other markets.

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net revenues from unaffiliated customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Thermal |  | $ | 40,209 |  |  | $ | 43,823 |
EMS |  |  | 13,614 |  |  |  | 16,837 |
|  | $ | 53,823 |  |  | $ | 60,660 |
Depreciation/amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Thermal |  | $ | 1,727 |  |  | $ | 1,810 |
EMS |  |  | 109 |  |  |  | 118 |
Corporate |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 14 |
|  | $ | 1,863 |  |  | $ | 1,942 |
Operating income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Thermal |  | $ | 325 |  |  | $ | 2,334 |
EMS |  |  | (1,113 | ) |  |  | 1,725 |
Corporate |  |  | (429 | ) |  |  | (1,510 | )
|  | $ | (1,217 | ) |  | $ | 2,549 |
Earnings (loss) before income tax expense (benefit): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Thermal |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | 2,370 |
EMS |  |  | (1,077 | ) |  |  | 1,767 |
Corporate |  |  | (460 | ) |  |  | (1,533 | )
|  | $ | (1,231 | ) |  | $ | 2,604 |
Income tax expense (benefit): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Thermal |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 257 |
EMS |  |  | (294 | ) |  |  | 194 |
Corporate |  |  | (126 | ) |  |  | (169 | )
|  | $ | (336 | ) |  | $ | 282 |
Net earnings (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Thermal |  | $ | 222 |  |  | $ | 2,113 |
EMS |  |  | (783 | ) |  |  | 1,573 |
Corporate |  |  | (334 | ) |  |  | (1,364 | )
|  | $ | (895 | ) |  | $ | 2,322 |
Capital expenditures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Thermal |  | $ | 371 |  |  | $ | 501 |
EMS |  |  | 284 |  |  |  | 46 |
Corporate |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 73 |
|  | $ | 658 |  |  | $ | 620 |

F-27

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Identifiable assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Thermal |  | $ | 50,782 |  |  | $ | 51,621 |
EMS |  |  | 9,667 |  |  |  | 7,319 |
Corporate |  |  | 1,581 |  |  |  | 775 |
|  | $ | 62,030 |  |  | $ | 59,715 |

The following table provides information about our geographic areas of operation. Net revenues from unaffiliated customers are based on the location to which the goods are shipped.

|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net revenues from unaffiliated customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. |  | $ | 22,211 |  |  | $ | 25,283 |
Foreign |  |  | 31,612 |  |  |  | 35,377 |
|  | $ | 53,823 |  |  | $ | 60,660 |

|  | December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Property and equipment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. |  | $ | 2,053 |  |  | $ | 2,163 |
Foreign |  |  | 297 |  |  |  | 257 |
|  | $ | 2,350 |  |  | $ | 2,420 |

F-28

(17) | QUARTERLY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA (Unaudited)

The following tables present certain unaudited consolidated quarterly financial information for each of the eight quarters ended December 31, 2020. In our opinion, this quarterly information has been prepared on the same basis as the consolidated financial statements and includes all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the information for the periods presented. The results of operations for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or for any future period.

Year-over-year quarterly comparisons of our results of operations may not be as meaningful as the sequential quarterly comparisons set forth below that tend to reflect the cyclical and seasonal activity of the Semi Market. Quarterly fluctuations in expenses are related directly to sales activity and volume and may also reflect the timing of operating expenses incurred throughout the year.

|  | Quarters Ended |  |  |  |  |
|  | 3/31/20(1) |  |  | 6/30/20(2) |  |  | 9/30/20(3) |  |  | 12/31/20(4) |  |  | Total |
Net revenues |  | $ | 11,230 |  |  | $ | 13,275 |  |  | $ | 14,443 |  |  | $ | 14,875 |  |  | $ | 53,823 |
Gross margin |  |  | 4,867 |  |  |  | 6,067 |  |  |  | 6,450 |  |  |  | 6,720 |  |  |  | 24,104 |
Earnings (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | (1,393 | ) |  |  | 183 |  |  |  | 433 |  |  |  | (454 | ) |  |  | (1,231 | )
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | (250 | ) |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (74 | ) |  |  | (336 | )
Net earnings (loss) |  |  | (1,143 | ) |  |  | 170 |  |  |  | 458 |  |  |  | (380 | ) |  |  | (895 | )
Net earnings (loss) per common share – basic |  | $ | (0.11 | ) |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | (0.09 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic |  |  | 10,220,853 |  |  |  | 10,252,490 |  |  |  | 10,269,995 |  |  |  | 10,282,903 |  |  |  | 10,256,560 |
Net earnings (loss) per common share – diluted |  | $ | (0.11 | ) |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | (0.09 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted |  |  | 10,220,853 |  |  |  | 10,258,917 |  |  |  | 10,287,562 |  |  |  | 10,282,903 |  |  |  | 10,256,560 |

|  | Quarters Ended |  |  |  |  |
|  | 3/31/19 |  |  | 6/30/19(5) |  |  | 9/30/19(6) |  |  | 12/31/19 |  |  | Total |
Net revenues |  | $ | 18,062 |  |  | $ | 14,352 |  |  | $ | 14,632 |  |  | $ | 13,614 |  |  | $ | 60,660 |
Gross margin |  |  | 8,836 |  |  |  | 6,719 |  |  |  | 7,205 |  |  |  | 6,465 |  |  |  | 29,225 |
Earnings (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 1,462 |  |  |  | (300 | ) |  |  | 794 |  |  |  | 648 |  |  |  | 2,604 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 324 |  |  |  | (113 | ) |  |  | 147 |  |  |  | (76 | ) |  |  | 282 |
Net earnings (loss) |  |  | 1,138 |  |  |  | (187 | ) |  |  | 647 |  |  |  | 724 |  |  |  | 2,322 |
Net earnings (loss) per common share – basic |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic |  |  | 10,385,017 |  |  |  | 10,411,276 |  |  |  | 10,421,383 |  |  |  | 10,274,980 |  |  |  | 10,373,164 |
Net earnings (loss) per common share – diluted |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted |  |  | 10,414,330 |  |  |  | 10,411,276 |  |  |  | 10,429,536 |  |  |  | 10,298,535 |  |  |  | 10,391,975 |

| (1) | The quarter ended March 31, 2020 includes $8 of restructuring and other charges which are discussed in Note 3.
| (2) | The quarter ended June 30, 2020 includes $38 of restructuring and other charges which are discussed in Note 3.
| (3) | The quarter ended September 30, 2020 includes $161 of restructuring and other charges which are discussed in Note 3.
| (4) | The quarter ended December 31, 2020 includes $1,078 of restructuring and other charges which are discussed in Note 3
| (5) | The quarter ended June 30, 2019 includes $223 of restructuring and other charges which are discussed in Note 3.
| (6) | The quarter ended September 30, 2019 includes $17 of restructuring and other charges which are discussed in Note 3.

F-29

inTEST CORPORATION
SCHEDULE II -- VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in thousands)

|  | Balance at Beginning of Period |  |  | Expense (Recovery) |  |  | Deductions |  |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Balance at End of Period |
Year Ended December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 212 |
Warranty reserve |  |  | 334 |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | (131 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 235 |
Year Ended December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (25 | ) |  |  | - |  |  | $ | 211 |
Warranty reserve |  |  | 346 |  |  |  | 243 |  |  |  | (255 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 334 |

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