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Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements |
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION The Company has a currently inactive wholly owned subsidiary, LRAD International Corporation, which the Company formed to conduct international marketing, sales and distribution activities. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of this subsidiary after elimination of intercompany transactions and accounts. USE OF ESTIMATES The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions (e.g., share-based compensation valuation, valuation of inventory and intangible assets, warranty reserve, accrued bonus and valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets) that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period s. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK The Company sells its products to a large number of geographically diverse customers. The Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers and generally does not require collateral or other security to support customer receivables. At September 30, 2017, accounts receivable from three customers accounted for 31%, 22% and 14% of total accounts receivable with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance. At September 30, 2016, accounts receivable from three customers accounted for 27%, 24% and 12% of total accounts receivable with no other single customer accounting for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalent accounts with Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured financial institutions. The Company places its cash investments in instruments that meet high credit quality standards, as specified in our investment policy guidelines such as money market funds, corporate bonds, municipal bonds and Certificates of Deposit. These guidelines also limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issue, issuer or type of instrument. It is generally the Company’s policy to invest in instruments that have a final maturity of no longer than three years , with a portfolio weighted average maturity of no longer than 18 months . CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. The Company considers any amounts pledged as collateral or otherwise restricted for use in current operations to be restricted cash. Restricted cash is classified as a current asset unless amounts are not expected to be released and available for use in operations within one year. At September 30, 2017 and 2016, the amount of restricted cash was $39,406, which is included in Prepaid expenses and other – noncurrent. MARKETABLE SECURITIES The Company accounts for investments in debt instruments as available-for-sale. Management determines the appropriate classification of such securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such classification as of each balance sheet date. Marketable securities are reported at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. The realized gains and losses on marketable securities are determined using the specific identification method. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS The Company carries its accounts receivable at their historical cost, less an allowance for doubtful accounts. On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates its accounts receivable and establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses considering the following factors when determining if collection of a receivable is reasonably assured: customer credit-worthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends and changes in customer payment terms. If the Company has no previous experience with the customer, the Company may obtain reports from various credit organizations to ensure that the customer has a history of paying its creditors. The Company may also request financial information to ensure that the customer has the means of making payment. If these factors do not indicate collection is reasonably assured, revenue is deferred until collection becomes reasonably assured, which is generally upon receipt of cash. There was no deferred revenue at September 30, 2017 or 2016 as a result of collection issues. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, adversely affecting their ability to make payments, additional allowances would be required. The Company determines allowances on a customer specific basis. The Company had no allowances for doubtful accounts at September 30, 2017 and 2016. CONTRACT MANUFACTURERS The Company employs contract manufacturers for production of certain components and sub-assemblies. The Company may provide parts and components to such parties from time to time, but recognizes no revenue or markup on such transactions. During fiscal year 2017, the Company performed assembly of products in-house using components and sub-assemblies from a variety of contract manufacturers and suppliers. INVENTORIES Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using a standard cost system whereby differences between the standard cost and purchase price are recorded as a purchase price variance in cost of revenues. Inventory is comprised of raw materials, assemblies and finished products intended for sale . The Company periodically makes judgments and estimates regarding the future utility and carrying value of inventory. The carrying value of inventory is periodically reviewed and impairments, if any, are recognized when the expected net realizable value is less than carrying value. The Company has inventory reserves for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory, which is equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value, based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. The Company decreased its inventory reserve by $161,600 and increased it by $159,954 during the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These changes were based on the disposal of obsolete inventory in 2017 and expected usage of components resulting from changes in product lines and customer demand in 2016. EQUIPMENT AND DEPRECIATION Equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation on machinery and equipment and office furniture and equipment is computed over the estimated useful lives of t wo to seven years using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the lease. Upon retirement or disposition of equipment, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed, and a gain or loss is recorded. INTANGIBLES Intangible assets, which consist of patents and trademarks, are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which have been estimated to be 15 years. The carrying value of intangibles is periodically reviewed and impairments, if any, are recognized when the future undiscounted cash flows realized from the assets is less than its carrying value. LEASES Leases entered into are classified as either capital or operating leases. At the time a capital lease is entered into, an asset is recorded, together with its related long-term obligation to reflect the purchase and financing. At September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company had no capital lease obligations. REVENUE RECOGNITION The Company derives its revenue primarily from two sources: (i) product revenues, and (ii) contracts, license fees, other services, and freight. Product revenues from customers, including resellers and system integrators, are recognized in the periods that products are shipped (FOB shipping point) or received by customers (FOB destination), when the fee is fixed or determinable, when collection of resulting receivables is reasonably assured, and there are no remaining obligations for the Company. Most revenues to resellers and system integrators are based on firm commitments from the end user; as a result, resellers and system integrators carry little or no inventory. Revenues from associated engineering and installation contracts are recognized based on milestones or completion of the contracted services. The Company ’s customers do not have the right to return product unless the product is found to be defective. The Company also sells extended repair and maintenance contracts with terms ranging from one to several years , which provide repair and maintenance services after expiration of the original one year warranty term. Revenues from separately priced extended repair and maintenance contracts are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period and classified as contract and other revenues. SHIPPING AND HANDLING COSTS Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of revenues. Shipping and handling costs invoiced to customers are included in revenue. Actual shipping and handling costs were $148,862 and $128,380 for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Actual revenues from shipping and handling were $124,141 and $78,975 for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. ADVERTISING Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred. The Company expensed $42,232 and $66,353 for the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for advertising costs. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. WARRANTY RESERVES The Company warrants its products to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of purchase. The warranty is generally limited. The Company currently provides direct warranty service. Some agreements with OEM customers, from time to time, may require that certain quantities of product be made available for use as warranty replacements. International market warranties are generally similar to the U.S. market. The Company also sells extended warranty contracts and maintenance agreements. The Company establishes a warranty reserve based on anticipated warranty claims at the time product revenues are recognized. Factors affecting warranty reserve levels include the number of units sold, anticipated cost of warranty repairs and anticipated rates of warranty claims. The Company evaluates the adequacy of the provision for warranty costs each reporting period. The warranty reserve was $179,101 and $356,984 at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. INCOME TAXES The Company determines its income tax provision using the asset and liability method. Temporary differences are differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years. A valuation allowance is recorded by the Company to the extent it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Significant management judgment is required in assessing the ability to realize the Company’s deferred tax assets. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon generation of future taxable income and the tax rates in effect at that time. Additional information regarding income taxes appears in Note 10, Income Taxes. IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS Long-lived assets and identifiable intangibles held for use are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the sum of undiscounted expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, or if changes in facts and circumstances indicate this, an impairment loss is measured and recognized using the asset ’s fair value. SEGMENT INFORMATION The Company presents its business as one reportable segment due to the similarity in nature of products provided, financial performance measures (revenue growth and gross margin), methods of distribution (direct and indirect) and customer markets (each product is sold by the same personnel to government and commercial customers, domestically and internationally). The Company ’s chief operating decision-making officer reviews financial information on sound products on a consolidated basis. See Note 15, Major Customers, Suppliers, Segment and Related Information, for additional information. NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE Basic net (loss) income per share is computed by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net (loss) income per share reflects the potential dilution of securities that could occur if outstanding securities convertible into common stock were exercised or converted. See Note 14, Net (Loss) Income Per Share, for additional information. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION The Company ’s functional currency is U.S. dollars as substantially all of the Company’s operations use this denomination. Foreign sales to date have been denominated in U.S. dollars. Transactions undertaken in other currencies, which have not been material, are translated using the exchange rate in effect as of the transaction date. Any exchange gains and losses are included in the statements of operations. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION The Company recognized share-based compensation expense related to qualified and non-qualified stock options issued to employees and directors over the expected vesting term of the stock-based instrument based on the grant date fair value. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of the grant and revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates or if the Company updates its estimated forfeiture rate. See Note 12, Share-based Compensation, for additional information. RECLASSIFICATIONS Where necessary, the prior year ’s information has been reclassified to conform to the fiscal year 2017 statement presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported results of operations or accumulated deficit. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS Management has evaluated events subsequent to September 30, 2017 through the date the accompanying consolidated financial statements were filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and noted that there have been no events or transactions which would affect the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2017.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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