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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The significant accounting policies, which are applied consistently throughout the periods presented, are as follows:
| A. | Financial statements in US dollars
Substantially all sales of the Company are made outside of Israel (see Note 12A regarding geographical distribution), in US dollars ("dollars"). Most purchases of materials and components, and a significant part of the marketing costs are made or incurred, primarily in dollars. Therefore, the functional currency of the Company is the dollar. Transactions and monetary balances in other currencies are translated into the functional currency using the current exchange rate. All exchange gains and losses from remeasurement of monetary balance sheet items denominated in non-dollar currencies are reflected in earnings when they arise.
| B. | Basis of presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
| C. | Estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of PPE, deferred tax assets, inventory, investments, goodwill, intangible assets, share-based compensation and other contingencies.
| D. | Business combinations
The Company accounts for business combination in accordance with ASC No. 805, "Business Combinations". ASC No. 805 requires recognition of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, measured at their fair values as of that date. Any excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over purchase price and any subsequent changes in estimated contingencies are to be recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.
| E. | Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of deposit to be cash equivalents.
| F. | Marketable securities
The Company classifies its marketable securities as held-to-maturity as they are debt securities in which the Company has the intent and ability to hold to maturity. Held-to-maturity (HTM) debt securities are recorded at amortized cost adjusted for the amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts. Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized or accreted over the life of the related held-to-maturity security as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method. Such amortization and accretion is included in the "Financial income, net" line item in the consolidated statements of operations. When other-than-temporary impairment has occurred, the amount of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in earnings depends on whether the Company intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit loss. A decline in the market value of HTM security below cost that is deemed to be other than temporary results in an impairment to reduce the carrying amount to fair value. To determine whether an impairment is other than temporary, the Company considers all available information relevant to the collectibility of the security, including past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts when developing estimate of cash flows expected to be collected. Evidence considered in this assessment includes the reasons for the impairment, the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in value subsequent to year end, forecasted performance of the investee, and the general market condition in the geographic area or industry the investee operates in. If the Company intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit loss, the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment's amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date. If the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit loss, the other-than-temporary impairment is separated into the amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to the credit loss is recognized in earnings.
| G. | Trade accounts receivable, net
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Amounts collected on trade accounts receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses adjusted to take into account current market conditions and its customers' financial condition, the amount of receivables in dispute, and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the provision for doubtful accounts receivable amounted to US$ 20 thousand.
| H. | Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the "weighted average-cost" method. The Company writes down obsolete or slow moving inventory to its market value, on a quarterly basis.
| I. | Assets held for employees' severance benefits
Assets held for employees' severance benefits represent contributions to severance pay funds and cash surrender value of insurance policies. The assets are recorded at their current cash redemption value.
| J. | Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the assets at the following annual rates:
|  | % |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 15 - 33 |
Office furniture and equipment |  |  | 6 - 33 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | * |
* Over the shorter term of the lease or the life of the asset
| K. | Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill reflects the excess of the purchase price of business acquired over the fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but instead is tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. The Company operates in one operating segment and this segment comprises one reporting unit. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually in accordance with ASU 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment. ASU 2011-08 provides an entity the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount prior to performing the two-step goodwill impairment test. If this is the case, the two-step goodwill impairment test is required. If it is more likely than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, the two-step goodwill impairment test is not required. If the two-step goodwill impairment test is required, first, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying amount (including goodwill). If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, an indication of goodwill impairment exists for the reporting unit and the entity must perform step two of the impairment test (measurement). Under step two, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill over the implied fair value of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation and the residual fair value after this allocation is the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, step two does not need to be performed. During the year ended December 31, 2016, no impairments were found and therefore no impairment losses were recorded. Intangible assets that are not considered to have an indefinite useful life are amortized over their estimated useful lives of up to 3 years. The acquired customer relationships, current technology, intellectual property and backlog are amortized over their estimated useful lives in proportion to the economic benefits realized. This accounting policy results in amortization of such intangible assets in the straight-line method.
| L. | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
In accordance with Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets Subsections of FASB ASC Subtopic 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment - Overall long-lived assets, such as property, plant, equipment and purchase intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or an asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third party independent appraisals, as considered necessary.
| M. | Revenue recognition
Revenues from sales of products are recognized upon delivery provided that the collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured, there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, no significant obligations in respect of installation remain and the price is fixed or determinable. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and, therefore, are excluded from revenues in the consolidated statements of operations.
| N. | Research and development costs
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
| O. | Allowance for product warranty
The Company grants service warranties related to certain products to end-users. The Company estimates its obligation for such warranties to be immaterial on the basis of historical experience. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include an accrual for warranty obligations.
| P. | Treasury shares
Treasury shares are recorded at cost and presented as a reduction of shareholders' equity.
| Q. | Income taxes
Deferred taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method based on the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.
| R. | Share-based compensation
The Company recognizes compensation expense based on estimated grant date fair value in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation -Stock Compensation as follows: When portions of an award vest in increments during the requisite service period (graded-vesting award), the Company's accounting policy is to recognize compensation cost for the award over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award.
| S. | Basic and diluted earnings per share
Basic income per ordinary share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to ordinary shares, by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding. Diluted income per ordinary share calculation is similar to basic income per ordinary share except that the weighted average of common shares outstanding is increased to include outstanding potential common shares during the period if dilutive. Potential common shares arise from stock options and RSUs, and the dilutive effect is reflected by the application of the treasury stock method. The following table summarizes information related to the computation of basic and diluted income per ordinary share for the years indicated.
|  | Year ended December 31 |
|  | 2014 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |
Net income attributable to ordinary shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(US$ thousands) |  |  | 14,605 |  |  |  | 16,520 |  |  |  | 13,137 |
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
used in basic income per ordinary share calculation |  |  | 7,184,114 |  |  |  | 7,268,536 |  |  |  | 7,343,696 |
Add assumed exercise of outstanding dilutive potential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ordinary shares |  |  | 134,792 |  |  |  | 99,448 |  |  |  | 91,485 |
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
used in diluted income per ordinary share calculation |  |  | 7,318,906 |  |  |  | 7,367,984 |  |  |  | 7,435,181 |
Basic income per ordinary shares (US$) |  |  | 2.033 |  |  |  | 2.273 |  |  |  | 1.789 |
Diluted income per ordinary shares (US$) |  |  | 1.996 |  |  |  | 2.242 |  |  |  | 1.767 |
The weighted average number of shares related to options |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
and RSUs excluded from the diluted earnings per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
calculation because of anti-dilutive effect |  |  | 37,304 |  |  |  | 43,181 |  |  |  | 9,633 |
| T. | Comprehensive Income
For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, comprehensive income equals net income.
| U. | Fair Value Measurements
The Company's financial instruments consist mainly of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade and other receivables and trade accounts payable. The carrying amounts of these financial instruments, except for marketable securities, approximate their fair value because of the short maturity of these investments. The fair value of marketable securities is presented in Note 5 to these consolidated financial statements. Assets held for severance benefits are recorded at their current cash redemption value. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels: Level 1 Inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date. Level 2 Inputs: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3 Inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.
| V. | Concentrations of risks
(1) Credit risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade receivables and assets held for employees' severance benefits. Cash and cash equivalents balances of the Company, which are subject to credit risk, consist of cash accounts held with major financial institutions. Marketable securities consist of held to maturity marketable securities issued by highly rated corporations. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the ratings of the securities in the Company's portfolio was at least BBB+ and A respectively. Nonetheless, these investments are subject to general credit and counterparty risks (such as that the counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations). Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade receivables are limited due to the Company's diverse customer base and their wide geographical dispersion. The Company closely monitors extensions of credit and has never experienced significant credit losses. (2) Significant customers The Company depends on a small amount of customers for its products. The Company's top three customers accounted for approximately 35% of its revenues in 2016. The Company expects that a small number of customers will continue to account for a significant portion of its revenues for the foreseeable future.
| W. | Liabilities for loss contingencies
Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.
| X. | Recent Accounting Pronouncements
| (1) | In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-09 outlines a new, single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The new model will require revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The amendments in ASU 2014-09 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The standard can be applied either retrospectively to each period presented or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company has not yet selected a transition method and is evaluating the impact of adopting the standard on its ongoing financial reporting. Based on the Company's assessment as of the date of these financial statements, the impact of adopting the new standard is not expected to be material.
| (2) | In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, which, for entities that do not measure inventory using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) or retail inventory method, changes the measurement principle for inventory from the lower of cost or market to lower of cost and net realizable value. The ASU also eliminates the requirement for these entities to consider replacement cost or net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin when measuring inventory. This ASU is effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. This ASU is to be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual period.
The impact of adopting the new standard on 2016 total cost of sales and operating income is not expected to be material.
| (3) | In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, which requires entities with a classified balance sheet to present all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted.
The Company elected to early adopt the new guidance retrospectively in the beginning of 2015. The impact of adopting the new standard on the balance sheet is reclassification of current deferred tax assets of US$ 950 thousand and US$ 1,118 thousand to noncurrent deferred tax assets in 2015 and 2016 respectively and reclassification of current deferred tax liabilities of US$ 111 thousand to noncurrent deferred tax liabilities in 2015.
| (4) | In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, which requires lessees to recognize most of their leases on balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted.
The impact of adopting the new standard on the operating income is not expected to be material.
| (5) | On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which is intended to improve the accounting for share-based payment transactions as part of the FASB's simplification initiative. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period provided that the entire ASU is adopted.
The impact of adopting the new standard on the operating income is not expected to be material.
| (6) | In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which significantly changes the way entities recognize impairment of many financial assets by requiring immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur over their remaining life. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018.
The impact of adopting the new standard on the net income is not expected to be material.

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