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Loan and Allowance for Loan Losses
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Loans And Leases Receivable Disclosure  
Loans and leases receivable disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE 6: LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

 

       December 31
(In thousands)  2012  2011
Commercial and industrial $59,334 $54,988
Construction and land development  37,631  39,814
Commercial real estate:      
 Owner occupied  64,368  70,202
 Other  119,243  92,233
  Total commercial real estate  183,611  162,435
Residential real estate:      
 Consumer mortgage  58,087  57,958
 Investment property  47,544  43,767
  Total residential real estate  105,631  101,725
Consumer installment  12,219  11,454
  Total loans  398,426  370,416
Less: unearned income  (233)  (153)
  Loans, net of unearned income $398,193 $370,263

Loans secured by real estate were approximately 82.0% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2012. Due to declines in economic indicators and real estate values, loans secured by real estate may have a greater risk of non-collection than other loans. At December 31, 2012, the Company's geographic loan distribution was concentrated primarily in Lee County, Alabama and surrounding areas.

 

In accordance with ASC 310, a portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for loan losses. As part of the Company's quarterly assessment of the allowance, the loan portfolio is disaggregated into the following portfolio segments: commercial and industrial, construction and land development, commercial real estate, residential real estate and consumer installment. Where appropriate, the Company's loan portfolio segments are further disaggregated into classes. A class is generally determined based on the initial measurement attribute, risk characteristics of the loan, and an entity's method for monitoring and determining credit risk.

 

The following describe the risk characteristics relevant to each of the portfolio segments.

 

Commercial and industrial (“C&I”) includes loans to finance business operations, equipment purchases, or other needs for small and medium-sized commercial customers. Also included in this category are loans to finance agricultural production. Generally the primary source of repayment is the cash flow from business operations and activities of the borrower.

 

Construction and land development (“C&D”) includes both loans and credit lines for the purpose of purchasing, carrying and developing land into commercial developments or residential subdivisions. Also included are loans and lines for construction of residential, multi-family and commercial buildings. Generally the primary source of repayment is dependent upon the sale or refinance of the real estate collateral.

 

Commercial real estate (“CRE”) — includes loans disaggregated into two classes: (1) owner occupied and (2) other.

 

  • Owner occupied – includes loans secured by business facilities to finance business operations, equipment and owner-occupied facilities primarily for small and medium-sized commercial customers. Generally the primary source of repayment is the cash flow from business operations and activities of the borrower, who owns the property.

     

  • Other – primarily includes loans to finance income-producing commercial and multi-family properties. Loans in this class include loans for neighborhood retail centers, hotels, medical and professional offices, single retail stores, industrial buildings, warehouses and apartments leased generally to local businesses and residents. Generally the primary source of repayment is dependent upon income generated from the real estate collateral. The underwriting of these loans takes into consideration the occupancy and rental rates as well as the financial health of the borrower.

     

    Residential real estate (“RRE”) — includes loans disaggregated into two classes: (1) consumer mortgage and (2) investment property.

     

  • Consumer mortgage – primarily includes first or second lien mortgages and home equity lines to consumers that are secured by a primary residence or second home. These loans are underwritten in accordance with the Bank's general loan policies and procedures which require, among other things, proper documentation of each borrower's financial condition, satisfactory credit history and property value.

     

  • Investment property – primarily includes loans to finance income-producing 1-4 family residential properties. Generally the primary source of repayment is dependent upon income generated from leasing the property securing the loan. The underwriting of these loans takes into consideration the rental rates as well as the financial health of the borrower.

 

Consumer installment — includes loans to individuals both secured by personal property and unsecured. Loans include personal lines of credit, automobile loans, and other retail loans. These loans are underwritten in accordance with the Bank's general loan policies and procedures which require, among other things, proper documentation of each borrower's financial condition, satisfactory credit history, and if applicable, property value.

 

The following is a summary of current, accruing past due and nonaccrual loans by portfolio class as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.

         AccruingAccruingTotal    
         30-89 DaysGreater thanAccruingNon-  Total
(In thousands) CurrentPast Due90 daysLoansAccrual  Loans
December 31, 2012:          
Commercial and industrial $ 59,101 173 59,274 60 $ 59,334
Construction and land development   35,917 8 35,925 1,706   37,631
Commercial real estate:          
 Owner occupied   63,323 63,323 1,045   64,368
 Other   113,344 230 113,574 5,669   119,243
  Total commercial real estate   176,667 230 176,897 6,714   183,611
Residential real estate:          
 Consumer mortgage   55,521 1,202 58 56,781 1,306   58,087
 Investment property   46,460 335 46,795 749   47,544
  Total residential real estate   101,981 1,537 58 103,576 2,055   105,631
Consumer installment   12,157 62 12,219   12,219
  Total $ 385,823 2,010 58 387,891 10,535 $ 398,426

                
December 31, 2011:          
Commercial and industrial $ 53,721 1,191 54,912 76 $ 54,988
Construction and land development   34,402 317 34,719 5,095   39,814
Commercial real estate:          
 Owner occupied   68,551 68,551 1,651   70,202
 Other   90,427 90,427 1,806   92,233
  Total commercial real estate   158,978 158,978 3,457   162,435
Residential real estate:          
 Consumer mortgage   56,610 400 57,010 948   57,958
 Investment property   42,144 845 42,989 778   43,767
  Total residential real estate   98,754 1,245 99,999 1,726   101,725
Consumer installment   11,397 57 11,454   11,454
  Total $ 357,252 2,810 360,062 10,354 $ 370,416
                
                

The gross interest income which would have been recorded under the original terms of those nonaccrual loans had they been accruing interest, amounted to approximately $511 thousand, $494 thousand and $346 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

 

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, is presented below.

   Year ended December 31
(In thousands)  2012  2011  2010
Beginning balance $ 6,919 $ 7,676 $ 6,495
Charged-off loans   (4,334)   (3,413)   (2,687)
Recovery of previously charged-off loans   323   206   288
 Net charge-offs   (4,011)   (3,207)   (2,399)
Provision for loan losses   3,815   2,450   3,580
Ending balance $ 6,723 $ 6,919 $ 7,676
           

The Company assesses the adequacy of its allowance for loan losses prior to the end of each calendar quarter. The level of the allowance is based upon management's evaluation of the loan portfolio, past loan loss experience, current asset quality trends, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect a borrower's ability to repay (including the timing of future payment), the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, economic conditions, industry and peer bank loan loss rates and other pertinent factors, including regulatory recommendations. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates including the amounts and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired loans that may be susceptible to significant change. Loans are charged off, in whole or in part, when management believes that the full collectability of the loan is unlikely. A loan may be partially charged-off after a “confirming event” has occurred which serves to validate that full repayment pursuant to the terms of the loan is unlikely.

 

 The Company deems loans impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Collection of all amounts due according to the contractual terms means that both the interest and principal payments of a loan will be collected as scheduled in the loan agreement.

An impairment allowance is recognized if the fair value of the loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan. The impairment is recognized through the allowance. Loans that are impaired are recorded at the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or if the loan is collateral dependent, impairment measurement is based on the fair value of the collateral, less estimated disposal costs.

The level of allowance maintained is believed by management to be adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance is increased by provisions charged to expense and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries of amounts previously charged-off.

In assessing the adequacy of the allowance, the Company also considers the results of its ongoing internal and independent loan review processes. The Company's loan review process assists in determining whether there are loans in the portfolio whose credit quality has weakened over time and evaluating the risk characteristics of the entire loan portfolio. The Company's loan review process includes the judgment of management, the input from our independent loan reviewers, and reviews that may have been conducted by bank regulatory agencies as part of their examination process. The Company incorporates loan review results in the determination of whether or not it is probable that it will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of a loan.

As part of the Company's quarterly assessment of the allowance, management divides the loan portfolio into five segments: commercial and industrial, construction and land development, commercial real estate, residential real estate, and consumer installment loans. The Company analyzes each segment and estimates an allowance allocation for each loan segment.

The allocation of the allowance for loan losses begins with a process of estimating the probable losses inherent for these types of loans. The estimates for these loans are established by category and based on the Company's internal system of credit risk ratings and historical loss data. The estimated loan loss allocation rate for the Company's internal system of credit risk grades is based on its experience with similarly graded loans. For loan segments where the Company believes it does not have sufficient historical loss data, the Company may make adjustments based, in part, on loss rates of peer bank groups. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the years then ended, the Company adjusted its historical loss rates for the commercial real estate portfolio segment based, in part, on loss rates of peer bank groups.

The estimated loan loss allocation for all five loan portfolio segments is then adjusted for management's estimate of probable losses for several “qualitative and environmental” factors. The allocation for qualitative and environmental factors is particularly subjective and does not lend itself to exact mathematical calculation. This amount represents estimated probable inherent credit losses which exist, but have not yet been identified, as of the balance sheet date, and are based upon quarterly trend assessments in delinquent and nonaccrual loans, credit concentration changes, prevailing economic conditions, changes in lending personnel experience, changes in lending policies or procedures and other influencing factors. These qualitative and environmental factors are considered for each of the five loan segments and the allowance allocation, as determined by the processes noted above, is increased or decreased based on the incremental assessment of these factors.

The Company regularly re-evaluates its practices in determining the allowance for loan losses. During the fourth quarter of 2011, the Company's management decided to eliminate a previously unallocated component of the allowance. As a result, the Company had no unallocated amount included in the allowance at December 31, 2012 and 2011.

 

The following table details the changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

(in thousands) Commercial and industrial Construction and land Development Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Consumer Installment Unallocated   
Balance, December 31, 2010$972 2,223 2,893 1,336 141 111 $ 7,676
Charge-offs (679) (1,758) (422) (533) (21)   (3,413)
Recoveries 34 2  155 15    206
 Net charge-offs(645) (1,756) (422) (378) (6)   (3,207)
Provision 621 1,003 538 405 (6) (111)  2,450
Balance, December 31, 2011$ 948  1,470  3,009  1,363  129  $ 6,919

Charge-offs (289) (231) (3,184) (545) (85)   (4,334)
Recoveries 54 46 71 134 18   323
 Net charge-offs(235) (185) (3,113) (411) (67)   (4,011)
Provision 99 260 3,241 174 41   3,815
Balance, December 31, 2012$812 1,545 3,137 1,126 103  $6,723

The following table presents an analysis of the allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and impairment methodology as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.

 

 

 

       Collectively evaluated (1) Individually evaluated (2) Total
       AllowanceRecorded AllowanceRecorded AllowanceRecorded
       for loaninvestment for loaninvestment for loaninvestment
(In thousands) lossesin loans lossesin loans lossesin loans
December 31, 2012:         
Commercial and industrial$ 812 59,165  169  812 59,334
Construction and land development  1,417 36,008  129 1,623  1,545 37,631
Commercial real estate  3,002 176,085  134 7,526  3,137 183,611
Residential real estate  1,126 104,414  1,217  1,126 105,631
Consumer installment  103 12,219   103 12,219
  Total$ 6,460 387,891  263 10,535  6,723 398,426

December 31, 2011:         
Commercial and industrial$ 948 54,772  216  948 54,988
Construction and land development  1,323 34,719  147 5,095  1,470 39,814
Commercial real estate  2,201 158,053  808 4,382  3,009 162,435
Residential real estate  1,097 100,432  266 1,293  1,363 101,725
Consumer installment  129 11,454   129 11,454
  Total$ 5,698 359,430  1,221 10,986  6,919 370,416
               
(1) Represents loans collectively evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 450-20, Loss Contingencies
 (formerly FAS 5), and pursuant to amendments by ASU 2010-20 regarding allowance for unimpaired loans
(2) Represents loans individually evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 310-30, Receivables (formerly
  FAS 114), and pursuant to amendments by ASU 2010-20 regarding allowance for impaired loans.

Credit Quality Indicators

The credit quality of the loan portfolio is summarized no less frequently than quarterly using categories similar to the standard asset classification system used by the federal banking agencies. The following table presents credit quality indicators for the loan portfolio segments and classes. These categories are utilized to develop the associated allowance for loan losses using historical losses adjusted for current economic conditions and are defined as follows:

  • Pass – loans which are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor (or guarantors, if any) or by the fair value, less cost to acquire and sell, of any underlying collateral.
  • Special Mention – loans with potential weakness that may, if not reversed or corrected, weaken the credit or inadequately protect the Company's position at some future date. These loans are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant an adverse classification.
  • Substandard Accruing – loans that exhibit a well-defined weakness which presently jeopardizes debt repayment, even though they are currently performing. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company may incur a loss in the future if these weaknesses are not corrected;
  • Nonaccrual – includes loans where management has determined that full payment of principal and interest is in doubt.

 

(In thousands)  Pass  Special Mention Substandard Accruing Nonaccrual  Total loans
December 31, 2012         
Commercial and industrial$ 58,487  224  563  60 $ 59,334
Construction and land development  34,490  310  1,125  1,706   37,631
Commercial real estate:           
 Owner occupied  59,270  2,528  1,525  1,045   64,368
 Other  111,719  653  1,202  5,669   119,243
  Total commercial real estate  170,989  3,181  2,727  6,714   183,611
Residential real estate:           
 Consumer mortgage  49,462  1,544  5,775  1,306   58,087
 Investment property  43,559  1,033  2,203  749   47,544
  Total residential real estate  93,021  2,577  7,978  2,055   105,631
Consumer installment  11,850  155  214    12,219
  Total$ 368,837  6,447  12,607  10,535 $ 398,426

December 31, 2011           
Commercial and industrial$ 52,834  1,359  719  76 $ 54,988
Construction and land development  33,373  266  1,080  5,095   39,814
Commercial real estate:           
 Owner occupied  62,543  4,951  1,057  1,651   70,202
 Other  81,584  622  8,221  1,806   92,233
  Total commercial real estate  144,127  5,573  9,278  3,457   162,435
Residential real estate:           
 Consumer mortgage  50,156  1,575  5,279  948   57,958
 Investment property  38,732  2,225  2,032  778   43,767
  Total residential real estate  88,888  3,800  7,311  1,726   101,725
Consumer installment  11,078  248  128    11,454
  Total$ 330,300  11,246  18,516  10,354 $ 370,416

Impaired loans

 

The following table presents details related to the Company's impaired loans. Loans which have been fully charged-off do not appear in the following table. The related allowance generally represents the following components which correspond to impaired loans:

  • Individually evaluated impaired loans equal to or greater than $500,000 secured by real estate (nonaccrual construction and land development, commercial real estate, and residential real estate loans).
  • Individually evaluated impaired loans equal to or greater than $250,000 not secured by real estate (nonaccrual commercial and industrial and consumer loans).

 

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Company's impaired loans that were individually evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2012 and 2011.

               
       December 31, 2012
(In thousands) Unpaid principal balance (1) Charge-offs and payments applied (2) Recorded investment (3)  Related allowance
With no allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial$169  169   
Construction and land development 2,879 (1,682) 1,197   
Commercial real estate:         
 Owner occupied 787 (212) 575   
 Other 7,914 (1,862) 6,052   
  Total commercial real estate 8,701 (2,074) 6,627   
Residential real estate:         
 Consumer mortgages 971 (152) 819   
 Investment property 508 (110) 398   
  Total residential real estate 1,479 (262) 1,217   
  Total $ 13,228  (4,018)  9,210 
With allowance recorded: 
Construction and land development 471 (45) 426  129
Commercial real estate:         
 Owner occupied 899  899  134
  Total commercial real estate 899  899  134
Residential real estate:         
  Total $ 1,370  (45)  1,325 $ 263
  Total impaired loans$ 14,598  (4,063)  10,535 $ 263
               
(1) Unpaid principal balance represents the contractual obligation due from the customer.
(2) Charge-offs and payments applied represents cumulative charge-offs taken, as well as interest payments that have been
 applied against the outstanding principal balance.
(3) Recorded investment represents the unpaid principal balance less charge-offs and payments applied; it is shown before
  any related allowance for loan losses.

       December 31, 2011
(In thousands) Unpaid principal balance (1) Charge-offs and payments applied (2) Recorded investment (3)  Related allowance
With no allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial$216  216   
Construction and land development 3,958 (1,572) 2,386   
Commercial real estate:         
 Owner occupied 361 (11) 350   
 Other 655 (50) 605   
  Total commercial real estate 1,016 (61) 955   
Residential real estate:         
  Total $ 5,190  (1,633)  3,557 
With allowance recorded: 
Construction and land development 2,882 (173) 2,709  147
Commercial real estate:         
 Owner occupied 2,255 (29) 2,226  544
 Other 1,242 (41) 1,201  264
  Total commercial real estate 3,497 (70) 3,427  808
Residential real estate:         
 Consumer mortgages 1,707 (797) 910  103
 Investment property 390 (7) 383  163
  Total residential real estate 2,097 (804) 1,293  266
  Total $ 8,476  (1,047)  7,429 $ 1,221
  Total impaired loans$ 13,666  (2,680)  10,986 $ 1,221
               
(1) Unpaid principal balance represents the contractual obligation due from the customer.
(2) Charge-offs and payments applied represents cumulative charge-offs taken, as well as interest payments that have been
 applied against the outstanding principal balance.
(3) Recorded investment represents the unpaid principal balance less charge-offs and payments applied; it is shown before
  any related allowance for loan losses.

The following table provides the average recorded investment in impaired loans and the amount of interest income recognized on impaired loans after impairment by portfolio segment and class.

        Year ended December 31, 2012  Year ended December 31, 2011
        Average Total interest  Average Total interest
        recorded income  recorded income
(In thousands)  investment recognized  investment recognized
Impaired loans:
Commercial and industrial $194 13 $316 9
Construction and land development  3,888   4,136 
Commercial real estate:          
 Owner occupied  2,449 64  1,828 24
 Other  2,621   2,374 
  Total commercial real estate  5,070 64  4,202 24
Residential real estate:          
 Consumer mortgages  861   1,376 
 Investment property  652   146 
  Total residential real estate  1,513   1,522 
  Total  $ 10,665  77 $ 10,176  33

For the year ended December 31, 2010, the average recorded investment in impaired loans was $9.2 million. Total interest income recognized on impaired loans for the year ended December 31, 2010 was not material.

 

Troubled Debt Restructurings

 

Impaired loans also include TDRs. In the normal course of business, management may grant concessions to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. A concession may include, but is not limited to, reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, reduction of accrued interest, extension of the maturity date or reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt. A concession has been granted when, as a result of the restructuring, the Bank does not expect to collect all amounts due, including interest at the original stated rate. A concession may have also been granted if the debtor is not able to access funds elsewhere at a market rate for debt with similar risk characteristics as the restructured debt. The Company's determination of whether a loan modification is a TDR, the Company considers the individual facts and circumstances surrounding each modification. As part of the credit approval process, the restructured loans are evaluated for adequate collateral protection in determining the appropriate accrual status at the time of restructuring.

 

Similar to other impaired loans, TDRs are measured for impairment based on the present value of expected payments using the loan's original effective interest rate as the discount rate, or the fair value of the collateral, less selling costs if the loan is collateral dependent. If the recorded investment in the loan exceeds the measure of fair value, impairment is recognized by establishing a valuation allowance as part of the allowance for loan losses or a charge-off to the allowance for loan losses. In periods subsequent to the modification, all TDRs are evaluated individually, including those that have payment defaults, for possible impairment.

 

The following is a summary of accruing and nonaccrual TDRs and the related loan losses, by portfolio segment and class.

 

       TDRs
            Related
(In thousands) AccruingNonaccrualTotal  Allowance
December 31, 2012       
Commercial and industrial$169169 $
Construction and land development 1,6231,623  129
Commercial real estate:       
 Owner occupied 8991,0451,944  134
 Other 432432  
  Total commercial real estate 8991,4772,376  134
Residential real estate:       
 Consumer mortgages 819819  
 Investment property 188188  
  Total residential real estate 1,0071,007  
  Total $ 1,068 4,107 5,175 $ 263

December 31, 2011       
Commercial and industrial$216216 $
Construction and land development 5,0955,095  147
Commercial real estate:       
 Owner occupied 9251,1722,097  420
 Other 1,8061,806  264
  Total commercial real estate 9252,9783,903  684
Residential real estate:       
 Investment property 383383  163
  Total residential real estate 383383  163
  Total $ 1,141 8,456 9,597 $ 994

At December 31, 2012, there were no significant outstanding commitments to advance additional funds to customers whose loans had been restructured.

 

The following table summarizes loans modified in a TDR during the respective periods both before and after modification.

       Year ended December 31, 2012 Year ended December 31, 2011
          Pre- Post -    Pre- Post -
          modification modification    modification modification
       Number  outstanding outstanding Number  outstanding outstanding
       of  recorded recorded of  recorded recorded
($ in thousands) contracts  investment investment contracts  investment investment
TDRs:
Commercial and industrial  $  2 $791 523
Construction and land development 4  5,419 4,305 3  4,925 4,894
Commercial real estate:              
 Owner occupied 4  3,167 2,225 5  3,127 2,840
 Other 2  1,803 1,657 1  1,229 1,229
  Total commercial real estate 6  4,970 3,882 6  4,356 4,069
Residential real estate:              
 Consumer mortgages 2  863 858    
 Investment property 2  567 563 1  391 391
  Total residential real estate 4  1,430 1,421 1  391 391
  Total   14 $ 11,819  9,608  12 $ 10,463  9,877

The majority of the loans modified in a TDR during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, included delays in required payments of principal and/or interest or where the only concession granted by the Company was that the interest rate at renewal was not considered to be a market rate.

For the year ended December 31, 2012, decreases in the post modification outstanding recorded investment were primarily due to principal payments made by borrowers at the date of modification for construction and land development loans and A/B note restructurings for two owner occupied commercial real estate loans. In certain circumstances, the Company may require the borrower to reduce the principal balance in order to grant an extension or renewal of the loan. Total charge-offs related to B notes were $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2011, decreases in the post modification outstanding recorded investment were primarily due to two A/B note restructurings, where the B note was charged off. Total charge-offs related to B notes during the year ended 2011 were approximately $0.6 million.

 

The following table summarizes the recorded investment in loans modified in a TDR within the previous twelve months for which there was a payment default (defined as 90 days or more past due) during the respective periods.

       Year ended December 31, 2012  Year ended December 31, 2011
       Number of Recorded  Number of Recorded
($ in thousands) Contracts investment  Contracts investment
TDRs:
Construction and land development 1$2,386  $
Commercial real estate:         
 Owner occupied    2 1,172
 Other    1 1,201
  Total commercial real estate    3 2,373
Residential real estate:         
  Total   1  2,386   3  2,373