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Loan and Allowance for Loan Losses
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
Loans And Leases Receivable Disclosure  
Loans and leases receivable disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE 5: LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

September 30,December 31,
(In thousands)20142013
Commercial and industrial$52,868$57,780
Construction and land development34,18936,479
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied51,83656,102
Other138,241118,818
Total commercial real estate190,077174,920
Residential real estate:
Consumer mortgage63,86357,871
Investment property42,69243,835
Total residential real estate106,555101,706
Consumer installment11,53512,893
Total loans395,224383,778
Less: unearned income(622)(439)
Loans, net of unearned income$394,602$383,339

Loans secured by real estate were approximately 83.7% of the Company’s total loan portfolio at September 30, 2014. At September 30, 2014, the Company’s geographic loan distribution was concentrated primarily in Lee County, Alabama and surrounding areas.

In accordance with ASC 310, a portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for loan losses. As part of the Company’s quarterly assessment of the allowance, the loan portfolio is disaggregated into the following portfolio segments: commercial and industrial, construction and land development, commercial real estate, residential real estate and consumer installment. Where appropriate, the Company’s loan portfolio segments are further disaggregated into classes. A class is generally determined based on the initial measurement attribute, risk characteristics of the loan, and an entity’s method for monitoring and determining credit risk.

The following describe the risk characteristics relevant to each of the portfolio segments and classes.

Commercial and industrial (“C&I”) includes loans to finance business operations, equipment purchases, or other needs for small and medium-sized commercial customers. Also included in this category are loans to finance agricultural production. Generally the primary source of repayment is the cash flow from business operations and activities of the borrower.

Construction and land development (“C&D”) includes both loans and credit lines for the purpose of purchasing, carrying and developing land into commercial developments or residential subdivisions. Also included are loans and lines for construction of residential, multi-family and commercial buildings. Generally the primary source of repayment is dependent upon the sale or refinance of the real estate collateral.

Commercial real estate (“CRE”) — includes loans disaggregated into two classes: (1) owner occupied and (2) other.

Owner occupied – includes loans secured by business facilities to finance business operations, equipment and owner-occupied facilities primarily for small and medium-sized commercial customers. Generally the primary source of repayment is the cash flow from business operations and activities of the borrower, who owns the property.

Other – primarily includes loans to finance income-producing commercial and multi-family properties that are not owner occupied. Loans in this class include loans for neighborhood retail centers, hotels, medical and professional offices, single retail stores, industrial buildings, warehouses and apartments leased generally to local businesses and residents. Generally the primary source of repayment is dependent upon income generated from the real estate collateral. The underwriting of these loans takes into consideration the occupancy and rental rates, as well as the financial health of the borrower.

Residential real estate (“RRE”) — includes loans disaggregated into two classes: (1) consumer mortgage and (2) investment property.

Consumer mortgage – primarily includes first or second lien mortgages and home equity lines of credit to consumers that are secured by a primary residence or second home. These loans are underwritten in accordance with the Bank’s general loan policies and procedures which require, among other things, proper documentation of each borrower’s financial condition, satisfactory credit history and property value.

Investment property – primarily includes loans to finance income-producing 1-4 family residential properties. Generally the primary source of repayment is dependent upon income generated from leasing the property securing the loan. The underwriting of these loans takes into consideration the rental rates and property value, as well as the financial health of the borrower.

Consumer installment — includes loans to individuals both secured by personal property and unsecured. Loans include personal lines of credit, automobile loans, and other retail loans. These loans are underwritten in accordance with the Bank’s general loan policies and procedures which require, among other things, proper documentation of each borrower’s financial condition, satisfactory credit history, and if applicable, property value.

The following is a summary of current, accruing past due and nonaccrual loans by portfolio segment and class as of September 30, 2014, and December 31, 2013.

AccruingAccruingTotal
30-89 DaysGreater thanAccruingNon-Total
(In thousands)CurrentPast Due90 daysLoansAccrualLoans
September 30, 2014:
Commercial and industrial$ 52,567 245 52,812 56$ 52,868
Construction and land development 33,384 190 33,574 615 34,189
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied 51,361 203 51,564 272 51,836
Other 138,031 138,031 210 138,241
Total commercial real estate 189,392 203 189,595 482 190,077
Residential real estate:
Consumer mortgage 63,537 12 25 63,574 289 63,863
Investment property 42,188 209 51 42,448 244 42,692
Total residential real estate 105,725 221 76 106,022 533 106,555
Consumer installment 11,472 59 11,531 4 11,535
Total$ 392,540 918 76 393,534 1,690$ 395,224
December 31, 2013:
Commercial and industrial$ 57,558 167 57,725 55$ 57,780
Construction and land development 34,883 14 34,897 1,582 36,479
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied 54,214 861 55,075 1,027 56,102
Other 118,389 118,389 429 118,818
Total commercial real estate 172,603 861 173,464 1,456 174,920
Residential real estate:
Consumer mortgage 56,191 745 69 57,005 866 57,871
Investment property 42,935 598 43,533 302 43,835
Total residential real estate 99,126 1,343 69 100,538 1,168 101,706
Consumer installment 12,789 100 4 12,893 12,893
Total$ 376,959 2,485 73 379,517 4,261$ 383,778

Allowance for Loan Losses

The Company assesses the adequacy of its allowance for loan losses prior to the end of each calendar quarter. The level of the allowance is based upon management’s evaluation of the loan portfolio, past loan loss experience, current asset quality trends, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay (including the timing of future payment), the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, economic conditions, industry and peer bank loan loss rates and other pertinent factors, including regulatory recommendations. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates including the amounts and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired loans that may be susceptible to significant change. Loans are charged off, in whole or in part, when management believes that the full collectability of the loan is unlikely. A loan may be partially charged-off after a “confirming event” has occurred which serves to validate that full repayment pursuant to the terms of the loan is unlikely.

 The Company deems loans impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Collection of all amounts due according to the contractual terms means that both the interest and principal payments of a loan will be collected as scheduled in the loan agreement.

An impairment allowance is recognized if the fair value of the loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan. The impairment is recognized through the allowance. Loans that are impaired are recorded at the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or if the loan is collateral dependent, impairment measurement is based on the fair value of the collateral, less estimated disposal costs.

The level of allowance maintained is believed by management to be adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance is increased by provisions charged to expense and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries of amounts previously charged-off.

In assessing the adequacy of the allowance, the Company also considers the results of its ongoing internal and independent loan review processes. The Company’s loan review process assists in determining whether there are loans in the portfolio whose credit quality has weakened over time and evaluating the risk characteristics of the entire loan portfolio. The Company’s loan review process includes the judgment of management, the input from our independent loan reviewers, and reviews that may have been conducted by bank regulatory agencies as part of their examination process. The Company incorporates loan review results in the determination of whether or not it is probable that it will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of a loan.

As part of the Company’s quarterly assessment of the allowance, management divides the loan portfolio into five segments: commercial and industrial, construction and land development, commercial real estate, residential real estate, and consumer installment loans. The Company analyzes each segment and estimates an allowance allocation for each loan segment.

The allocation of the allowance for loan losses begins with a process of estimating the probable losses inherent for these types of loans. The estimates for these loans are established by category and based on the Company’s internal system of credit risk ratings and historical loss data. The estimated loan loss allocation rate for the Company’s internal system of credit risk grades is based on its experience with similarly graded loans. For loan segments where the Company believes it does not have sufficient historical loss data, the Company may make adjustments based, in part, on loss rates of peer bank groups. At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, and for the periods then ended, the Company adjusted its historical loss rates for the commercial real estate portfolio segment based, in part, on loss rates of peer bank groups.

The estimated loan loss allocation for all five loan portfolio segments is then adjusted for management’s estimate of probable losses for several “qualitative and environmental” factors. The allocation for qualitative and environmental factors is particularly subjective and does not lend itself to exact mathematical calculation. This amount represents estimated probable inherent credit losses which exist, but have not yet been identified, as of the balance sheet date, and are based upon quarterly trend assessments in delinquent and nonaccrual loans, credit concentration changes, prevailing economic conditions, changes in lending personnel experience, changes in lending policies or procedures and other influencing factors. These qualitative and environmental factors are considered for each of the five loan segments and the allowance allocation, as determined by the processes noted above, is increased or decreased based on the incremental assessment of these factors.

The Company regularly re-evaluates its practices in determining the allowance for loan losses. During 2014 and 2013, the Company implemented certain refinements to its allowance for loan losses methodology, specifically the way that historical loss factors are calculated. Beginning with the quarter ended June 30, 2014, the Company calculated average losses for all loan segments using a rolling 20 quarter historical period in order to better capture the effects of the most recent economic cycle on the Company’s loan loss experience. Beginning with the quarter ended June 30, 2013, the Company calculated average losses for all loan segments using a rolling 8 quarter historical period (except for the commercial real estate loan segment, which used a 6 quarter historical period) and continued this methodology through March 31, 2014. Prior to June 30, 2013, the Company calculated average losses for all loan segments using a rolling 6 quarter historical period.

If the Company continued to calculate average losses for all loan segments other than commercial real estate using a rolling 8 quarter historical period and for the commercial real estate segment using a rolling 6 quarter historical period, the Company’s calculated allowance for loan loss allocation would have decreased by approximately $1.0 million at June 30, 2014. Other than the changes discussed above, the Company has not made any changes to its calculation of historical loss periods that would impact the calculation of the allowance for loan losses or provision for loan losses for the periods included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and statements of earnings.

The following table details the changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the respective periods.

September 30, 2014
(In thousands)Commercial and industrialConstruction and land developmentCommercial real estateResidential real estateConsumer installmentTotal
Quarter ended:
Beginning balance$6399071,9131,095174$ 4,728
Charge-offs(287)(39)(326)
Recoveries351133 52
Net recoveries (charge-offs)351(274)(36)(274)
Provision for loan losses(5)(13)2226234300
Ending balance$ 669 895 1,935 1,083 172$ 4,754
Nine months ended:
Beginning balance$3863663,1861,114216$ 5,268
Charge-offs (46)(236)(358)(83)(723)
Recoveries71411810313 309
Net recoveries (charge-offs)25(232)118(255)(70)(414)
Provision for loan losses258761(1,369)22426(100)
Ending balance$ 669 895 1,935 1,083 172$ 4,754
September 30, 2013
(In thousands)Commercial and industrialConstruction and land developmentCommercial real estateResidential real estateConsumer installmentTotal
Quarter ended:
Beginning balance$6751,4543,1111,12592 6,457
Charge-offs (177)(144)(103)(137)$(561)
Recoveries231215$ 50
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(154)1(144)(82)(132)(511)
Provision for loan losses25(266)137(61)165$
Ending balance$5461,1893,104982125$5,946
Nine months ended:
Beginning balance$8121,5453,1371,126103$ 6,723
Charge-offs(245)(39)(262) (558)(199)(1,303)
Recoveries405  46215 126
Net charge-offs (205)(34)(258)(496)(184)(1,177)
Provision for loan losses(61)(322)225352206400
Ending balance$ 546 1,189 3,104 982 125$ 5,946

The following table presents an analysis of the allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and impairment methodology as of September 30, 2014 and 2013.

Collectively evaluated (1)Individually evaluated (2)Total
AllowanceRecordedAllowanceRecordedAllowanceRecorded
for loaninvestmentfor loaninvestmentfor loaninvestment
(In thousands)lossesin loanslossesin loanslossesin loans
September 30, 2014:
Commercial and industrial$ 669 52,785 83 669 52,868
Construction and land development 895 33,574 615 895 34,189
Commercial real estate 1,733 188,150 202 1,927 1,935 190,077
Residential real estate 1,083 105,672 883 1,083 106,555
Consumer installment 172 11,535 172 11,535
Total$ 4,552 391,716 202 3,508 4,754 395,224
September 30, 2013:
Commercial and industrial$ 546 58,630 136 546 58,766
Construction and land development 1,090 35,469 99 1,593 1,189 37,062
Commercial real estate 2,919 167,564 185 2,956 3,104 170,520
Residential real estate 982 101,576 989 982 102,565
Consumer installment 125 12,170 125 12,170
Total$ 5,662 375,409 284 5,674 5,946 381,083
(1)Represents loans collectively evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 450-20, Loss Contingencies (formerly FAS 5), and
pursuant to amendments by ASU 2010-20 regarding allowance for unimpaired loans.
(2)Represents loans individually evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 310-30, Receivables (formerly FAS 114), and
pursuant to amendments by ASU 2010-20 regarding allowance for impaired loans.

Credit Quality Indicators

The credit quality of the loan portfolio is summarized no less frequently than quarterly using categories similar to the standard asset classification system used by the federal banking agencies. The following table presents credit quality indicators for the loan portfolio segments and classes. These categories are utilized to develop the associated allowance for loan losses using historical losses adjusted for qualitative and environmental factors and are defined as follows:

Pass – loans which are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor (or guarantors, if any) or by the fair value, less cost to acquire and sell, of any underlying collateral.

Special Mention – loans with potential weakness that may, if not reversed or corrected, weaken the credit or inadequately protect the Company’s position at some future date. These loans are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant an adverse classification.

Substandard Accruing – loans that exhibit a well-defined weakness which presently jeopardizes debt repayment, even though they are currently performing. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company may incur a loss in the future if these weaknesses are not corrected

Nonaccrual – includes loans where management has determined that full payment of principal and interest is not expected.

(In thousands) Pass Special MentionSubstandard AccruingNonaccrualTotal loans
September 30, 2014:
Commercial and industrial$ 48,075 4,308 429 56$ 52,868
Construction and land development 32,524 483 567 615 34,189
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied 50,185 1,149 230 272 51,836
Other 137,285 89 657 210 138,241
Total commercial real estate 187,470 1,238 887 482 190,077
Residential real estate:
Consumer mortgage 55,804 3,085 4,685 289 63,863
Investment property 40,359 876 1,213 244 42,692
Total residential real estate 96,163 3,961 5,898 533 106,555
Consumer installment 11,398 17 116 4 11,535
Total$ 375,630 10,007 7,897 1,690$ 395,224
December 31, 2013:
Commercial and industrial$ 53,060 4,183 482 55$ 57,780
Construction and land development 33,616 180 1,101 1,582 36,479
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied 53,430 770 875 1,027 56,102
Other 117,490 91 808 429 118,818
Total commercial real estate 170,920 861 1,683 1,456 174,920
Residential real estate:
Consumer mortgage 50,392 1,137 5,476 866 57,871
Investment property 40,517 1,310 1,706 302 43,835
Total residential real estate 90,909 2,447 7,182 1,168 101,706
Consumer installment 12,713 34 146 12,893
Total$ 361,218 7,705 10,594 4,261$ 383,778

Impaired loans

The following tables present details related to the Company’s impaired loans. Loans which have been fully charged-off do not appear in the following table. The related allowance generally represents the following components which correspond to impaired loans:

Individually evaluated impaired loans equal to or greater than $500,000 secured by real estate (nonaccrual construction and land development, commercial real estate, and residential real estate loans).

Individually evaluated impaired loans equal to or greater than $250,000 not secured by real estate (nonaccrual commercial and industrial and consumer installment loans).

The following tables set forth certain information regarding the Company’s impaired loans that were individually evaluated for impairment at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

September 30, 2014
(In thousands)Unpaid principal balance (1)Charge-offs and payments applied (2)Recorded investment (3)Related allowance
With no allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial$8383
Construction and land development2,829(2,214)615
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied336(64)272
Other300(91)209
Total commercial real estate636(155)481
Residential real estate:
Consumer mortgages939(216)723
Investment property204(44)160
Total residential real estate1,143(260)883
Total $4,691 (2,629)2,062
With allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied854854110
Other59259292
Total commercial real estate1,4461,446202
Total $1,4461,446$202
Total impaired loans$6,137 (2,629)3,508$202
(1) Unpaid principal balance represents the contractual obligation due from the customer.
(2) Charge-offs and payments applied represents cumulative charge-offs taken, as well as interest payments that have been
applied against the outstanding principal balance subsequent to the loans being placed on nonaccrual status.
(3) Recorded investment represents the unpaid principal balance less charge-offs and payments applied; it is shown before
any related allowance for loan losses.
December 31, 2013
(In thousands)Unpaid principal balance (1)Charge-offs and payments applied (2)Recorded investment (3)Related allowance
With no allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial$124124
Construction and land development2,879 (1,682)1,197
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied1,217 (190)1,027
Other518 (89)429
Total commercial real estate1,735(279)1,456
Residential real estate:
Consumer mortgages952 (198)754
Investment property207 (35)172
Total residential real estate1,159(233)926
Total $5,897(2,194)3,703
With allowance recorded:
Construction and land development452 (67)38588
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied875875110
Other60260262
Total commercial real estate1,4771,477172
Total $1,929 (67)1,862$260
Total impaired loans$7,826 (2,261)5,565$260
(1) Unpaid principal balance represents the contractual obligation due from the customer.
(2) Charge-offs and payments applied represents cumulative charge-offs taken, as well as interest payments that have been
applied against the outstanding principal balance subsequent to the loans being placed on nonaccrual status.
(3) Recorded investment represents the unpaid principal balance less charge-offs and payments applied; it is shown before
any related allowance for loan losses.

The following table provides the average recorded investment in impaired loans and the amount of interest income recognized on impaired loans after impairment by portfolio segment and class during the respective periods.

Quarter ended September 30, 2014Nine months ended September 30, 2014
AverageTotal interestAverageTotal interest
recordedincomerecordedincome
(In thousands)investmentrecognizedinvestmentrecognized
Impaired loans:
Commercial and industrial$8821056
Construction and land development7301,159
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied1,12991,36731
Other801493520
Total commercial real estate1,930132,30251
Residential real estate:
Consumer mortgages71657525
Investment property162166
Total residential real estate87859185
Total $ 3,626 20 4,484 62
Quarter ended September 30, 2013Nine months ended September 30, 2013
AverageTotal interestAverageTotal interest
recordedincomerecordedincome
(In thousands)investmentrecognizedinvestmentrecognized
Impaired loans:
Commercial and industrial$13921527
Construction and land development1,5961,608
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied1,927131,99342
Other83241,5814
Total commercial real estate2,759173,57446
Residential real estate:
Consumer mortgages776801
Investment property231323
Total residential real estate1,0071,124
Total $ 5,501 19 6,458 53

Troubled Debt Restructurings

Impaired loans also include troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). In the normal course of business, management may grant concessions to borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty. A concession may include, but is not limited to, delays in required payments of principal and interest for a specified period, reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, reduction of accrued interest, extension of the maturity date or reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt. A concession has been granted when, as a result of the restructuring, the Bank does not expect to collect all amounts due, including interest at the original stated rate. A concession may have also been granted if the debtor is not able to access funds elsewhere at a market rate for debt with similar risk characteristics as the restructured debt. In making the determination of whether a loan modification is a TDR, the Company considers the individual facts and circumstances surrounding each modification. As part of the credit approval process, the restructured loans are evaluated for adequate collateral protection in determining the appropriate accrual status at the time of restructure.

Similar to other impaired loans, TDRs are measured for impairment based on the present value of expected payments using the loan’s original effective interest rate as the discount rate, or the fair value of the collateral, less selling costs if the loan is collateral dependent. If the recorded investment in the loan exceeds the measure of fair value, impairment is recognized by establishing a valuation allowance as part of the allowance for loan losses or a charge-off to the allowance for loan losses. In periods subsequent to the modification, all TDRs are individually evaluated for possible impairment.

The following is a summary of accruing and nonaccrual TDRs, which are included in impaired loan totals, and the related allowance for loan losses, by portfolio segment and class as of September 30, 2014, and December 31, 2013.

TDRs
Related
(In thousands)AccruingNonaccrualTotalAllowance
September 30, 2014
Commercial and industrial$8383$
Construction and land development615615
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied8542721,126110
Other59220980192
Total commercial real estate1,4464811,927202
Residential real estate:
Consumer mortgages723723
Investment property160160
Total residential real estate723160883
Total $2,2521,2563,508$202
December 31, 2013
Commercial and industrial$124124$
Construction and land development1,5821,58288
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied8752851,160110
Other6024291,03162
Total commercial real estate1,4777142,191172
Residential real estate:
Consumer mortgages754754
Investment property172172
Total residential real estate926926
Total $1,6013,2224,823$260

At September 30, 2014, there were no significant outstanding commitments to advance additional funds to customers whose loans had been restructured.

The following table summarizes loans modified in a TDR during the respective periods both before and after their modification.

Quarter ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
Pre-Post -Pre-Post -
modificationmodificationmodificationmodification
NumberoutstandingoutstandingNumberoutstandingoutstanding
ofrecordedrecordedofrecordedrecorded
(Dollars in thousands)contractsinvestmentinvestmentcontractsinvestmentinvestment
2014:
Commercial real estate:
Other1$5905921$590592
Total commercial real estate15905921590592
Residential real estate:
Consumer mortgages17127121712712
Total residential real estate17127121712712
Total 2$ 1,302 1,304 2$ 1,302 1,304
2013:
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied1$8828821$882882
Other160661021,0371,041
Total commercial real estate21,4881,49231,9191,923
Residential real estate:
Consumer mortgages16786742808804
Total residential real estate16786742808804
Total 3$ 2,166 2,166 5$ 2,727 2,727

The majority of the loans modified in a TDR during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, included permitting delays in required payments of principal and/or interest or where the only concession granted by the Company was that the interest rate at renewal was considered to be less than a market rate.

The following table summarizes the recorded investment in loans modified in a TDR within the previous 12 months for which there was a payment default (defined as 90 days or more past due) during the respective periods

Quarter ended September 30,Nine months Ended September 30,
Number ofRecordedNumber ofRecorded
(Dollars in thousands)Contractsinvestment(1)Contractsinvestment(1)
2014:
Commerical real estate:
Owner occupied 1$ 272 1$ 272
Total commercial real estate 1 272 1 272
Total 1$ 272 1$ 272
2013:
Construction and land development$ 1$ 1,197
Commerical real estate:
Other 1 426 1 426
Total commercial real estate 1 426 1 426
Total 1$ 426 2$ 1,623
(1) Amount as of applicable month end during the respective period for which there was a payment default.