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Taxation (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Taxation |
Schedule of Income tax reconciliation | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the year ended December 31,
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022
​ | ​ | % | ​ | % | ​ | %
Statutory income tax rate of the PRC | ​ | 25.0 | ​ | 25.0 | ​ | 25.0
Tax rate difference from preferential tax treatments and statutory rate in other jurisdictions |  | (16.3) |  | (16.5) |  | (0.1)
Effect of withholding taxes |  | — |  | (0.3) |  | —
Permanent differences(1) |  | 16.9 |  | 26.6 |  | (33.4)
Change in valuation allowances |  | (26.8) |  | (35.2) |  | 8.7
Effective income tax rate |  | (1.2) |  | (0.4) |  | 0.2
(1) | The permanent differences mainly consist of additional super deduction for research and development expenditures, and certain non-deductible expenses.
Schedule of net operating tax loss carry forwards | ​
​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | RMB
​ | ​ | ​
Loss expiring in 2023 |  | 3,238
Loss expiring in 2024 |  | 14,186
Loss expiring in 2025 |  | 18,996
Loss expiring in 2026 |  | 43,579
Loss expiring in 2027 |  | 28,366
Loss expiring in 2028 |  | 47,863
Loss expiring in 2029 |  | 156,879
Loss expiring in 2030 |  | 156,066
Loss expiring in 2031 |  | 207,664
Loss expiring in 2032 |  | 14,027
​ |  | 690,864
​
Schedule of deferred tax assets | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31, 2021 | ​ | December 31, 2022
​ |  | RMB |  | RMB
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |
Net operating tax loss carry forwards |  | 112,248 |  | 108,601
Advertising expenses in excess of deduction limit |  | 63 |  | —
Deferred revenue |  | 527 |  | —
Total deferred tax assets |  | 112,838 |  | 108,601
Less: valuation allowances |  | (112,838) |  | (108,601)
Net deferred tax assets |  | — |  | —
​
Schedule of movement of the aggregate valuation allowances for deferred tax assets | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Balance at January 1 | ​ | Movement* | ​ | Balance at December 31
​ |  | RMB |  | RMB |  | RMB
2020 |  | (80,320) |  | 5,713 |  | (74,607)
2021 |  | (74,607) |  | (38,231) |  | (112,838)
2022 |  | (112,838) |  | 4,237 |  | (108,601)
* | The movement in valuation allowances were due to the changes of deferred tax assets recognized for net operating tax loss carry forwards, advertising expenses in excess of deduction limit and deferred revenue.

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