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Taxation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Taxation  
Schedule of Income tax reconciliation

For the year ended December 31,

    

2020

    

2021

    

2022

%

%

%

Statutory income tax rate of the PRC

25.0

25.0

25.0

Tax rate difference from preferential tax treatments and statutory rate in other jurisdictions

 

(16.3)

 

(16.5)

 

(0.1)

Effect of withholding taxes

 

 

(0.3)

 

Permanent differences(1)

 

16.9

 

26.6

 

(33.4)

Change in valuation allowances

 

(26.8)

 

(35.2)

 

8.7

Effective income tax rate

 

(1.2)

 

(0.4)

 

0.2

(1)

The permanent differences mainly consist of additional super deduction for research and development expenditures, and certain non-deductible expenses.

Schedule of net operating tax loss carry forwards

    

RMB

Loss expiring in 2023

 

3,238

Loss expiring in 2024

 

14,186

Loss expiring in 2025

 

18,996

Loss expiring in 2026

 

43,579

Loss expiring in 2027

 

28,366

Loss expiring in 2028

 

47,863

Loss expiring in 2029

 

156,879

Loss expiring in 2030

 

156,066

Loss expiring in 2031

 

207,664

Loss expiring in 2032

 

14,027

 

690,864

Schedule of deferred tax assets

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

    

RMB

    

RMB

Deferred tax assets:

 

  

 

  

Net operating tax loss carry forwards

 

112,248

 

108,601

Advertising expenses in excess of deduction limit

 

63

 

Deferred revenue

 

527

 

Total deferred tax assets

 

112,838

 

108,601

Less: valuation allowances

 

(112,838)

 

(108,601)

Net deferred tax assets

 

 

Schedule of movement of the aggregate valuation allowances for deferred tax assets

Balance at January 1

Movement*

Balance at December 31

    

RMB

    

RMB

    

RMB

2020

 

(80,320)

 

5,713

 

(74,607)

2021

 

(74,607)

 

(38,231)

 

(112,838)

2022

 

(112,838)

 

4,237

 

(108,601)

*

The movement in valuation allowances were due to the changes of deferred tax assets recognized for net operating tax loss carry forwards, advertising expenses in excess of deduction limit and deferred revenue.