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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 29, 2024

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From To

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 000-22671

QUICKLOGIC CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 77-0188504
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2220 Lundy Avenue, San Jose, CA 95131-1816

(Address of principal executive offices including zip code))

(408) 990-4000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant Section 12(b) of the act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.001 per share | QUIK | The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated Filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Smaller Reporting Company |  | ☒
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 8, 2024, there were 14,707,072 shares of registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

QUICKLOGIC CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

September 29, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  |  | Page
Part I - Financial Information |  | 3
Item 1. | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 3
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 3
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations |  | 4
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 5
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity |  | 6
| Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 7
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 16
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 23
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |  | 24
Part II - Other Information |  | 24
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |  | 24
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |  | 24
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 24
Item 5. | Other Information |  | 24
Item 6. | Exhibits |  | 24
Signatures |  |  | 25

Table of Contents

PART I. Financial Information

Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

QUICKLOGIC CORPORATION

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except par value amount)

|  | September 29, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | 22,364 |  |  | $ | 24,606 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $24 and $34, as of September 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively |  |  | 657 |  |  |  | 1,625 |
Contract assets |  |  | 2,331 |  |  |  | 3,609 |
Note receivable, current |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,200 |
Inventories, net |  |  | 1,780 |  |  |  | 2,029 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 2,919 |  |  |  | 1,561 |
Total current assets |  |  | 30,051 |  |  |  | 34,630 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 14,137 |  |  |  | 8,948 |
Capitalized internal-use software, net |  |  | 2,352 |  |  |  | 2,069 |
Right of use assets, net |  |  | 828 |  |  |  | 981 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 457 |  |  |  | 537 |
Non-marketable equity investment |  |  | 300 |  |  |  | 300 |
Goodwill |  |  | 185 |  |  |  | 185 |
Note receivable, non-current |  |  | 1,260 |  |  |  | — |
Other assets |  |  | 143 |  |  |  | 142 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 49,713 |  |  | $ | 47,792 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving line of credit |  | $ | 20,000 |  |  | $ | 20,000 |
Trade payables |  |  | 2,877 |  |  |  | 4,657 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 1,457 |  |  |  | 2,673 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 449 |  |  |  | 1,052 |
Note payable, current |  |  | 1,798 |  |  |  | 946 |
Lease liabilities, current |  |  | 275 |  |  |  | 302 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 26,856 |  |  |  | 29,630 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lease liabilities, non-current |  |  | 529 |  |  |  | 681 |
Notes payable, non-current |  |  | 1,314 |  |  |  | 461 |
Other liabilities, non-current |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | 125 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 28,824 |  |  |  | 30,897 |
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 13) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 200,000 authorized; 14,697 and 14,118 shares issued and outstanding as of September 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 14 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 329,965 |  |  |  | 322,436 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (309,091 | ) |  |  | (305,555 | )
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 20,889 |  |  |  | 16,895 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  | $ | 49,713 |  |  | $ | 47,792 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents

QUICKLOGIC CORPORATION

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 29, |  |  | October 1, |  |  | September 29, |  |  | October 1, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Revenue |  | $ | 4,273 |  |  | $ | 6,665 |  |  | $ | 14,407 |  |  | $ | 13,719 |
Cost of revenue |  |  | 1,888 |  |  |  | 1,537 |  |  |  | 5,934 |  |  |  | 4,998 |
Gross profit |  |  | 2,385 |  |  |  | 5,128 |  |  |  | 8,473 |  |  |  | 8,721 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 1,954 |  |  |  | 1,933 |  |  |  | 4,940 |  |  |  | 5,067 |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 2,292 |  |  |  | 1,915 |  |  |  | 6,738 |  |  |  | 5,700 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 4,246 |  |  |  | 3,848 |  |  |  | 11,678 |  |  |  | 10,767 |
Operating income (loss) |  |  | (1,861 | ) |  |  | 1,280 |  |  |  | (3,205 | ) |  |  | (2,046 | )
Interest expense |  |  | (186 | ) |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | (295 | ) |  |  | (156 | )
Interest income and other income (expense), net |  |  | (34 | ) |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (99 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | (2,081 | ) |  |  | 1,196 |  |  |  | (3,522 | ) |  |  | (2,301 | )
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 4 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (2,094 | ) |  | $ | 1,192 |  |  | $ | (3,536 | ) |  | $ | (2,305 | )
Net income (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.14 | ) |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | ) |  | $ | (0.17 | )
Diluted |  | $ | (0.14 | ) |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | ) |  | $ | (0.17 | )
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 14,555 |  |  |  | 13,859 |  |  |  | 14,390 |  |  |  | 13,377 |
Diluted |  |  | 14,555 |  |  |  | 14,131 |  |  |  | 14,390 |  |  |  | 13,377 |

Note: Net income (loss) equals comprehensive income (loss) for all periods presented.

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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QUICKLOGIC CORPORATION

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 29, |  |  | October 1, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023(1) |
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (3,536 | ) |  | $ | (2,305 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 2,595 |  |  |  | 1,183 |
ROU asset amortization |  |  | 199 |  |  |  | 274 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 3,681 |  |  |  | 1,926 |
Write-down of inventories and reclassifications |  |  | 66 |  |  |  | 605 |
Other |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | 3 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 978 |  |  |  | 2,206 |
Contract assets |  |  | 1,278 |  |  |  | (2,028 | )
Inventories |  |  | 183 |  |  |  | (142 | )
Other assets |  |  | (309 | ) |  |  | (1,002 | )
Trade payables |  |  | (3,170 | ) |  |  | (990 | )
Accrued liabilities |  |  | (1,216 | ) |  |  | 316 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | (603 | ) |  |  | 61 |
Lease liabilities |  |  | (225 | ) |  |  | (299 | )
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  | (89 | ) |  |  | (191 | )
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures for property and equipment |  |  | (4,120 | ) |  |  | (1,730 | )
Capitalized internal-use software |  |  | (841 | ) |  |  | (715 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | (4,961 | ) |  |  | (2,445 | )
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment of notes payable |  |  | (916 | ) |  |  | (460 | )
Proceeds from notes payable |  |  | — |  |  |  | 105 |
Proceeds from line of credit |  |  | 60,000 |  |  |  | 45,000 |
Repayment of line of credit |  |  | (60,000 | ) |  |  | (45,000 | )
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  |  | 188 |  |  |  | 122 |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock to investors |  |  | 3,560 |  |  |  | 2,313 |
Stock issuance cost |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | (20 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  | 2,808 |  |  |  | 2,060 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | (2,242 | ) |  |  | (576 | )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period |  |  | 24,606 |  |  |  | 19,201 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |  | $ | 22,364 |  |  | $ | 18,625 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 59 |
Income taxes paid |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash financing and investing items |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of assets with financing arrangements |  | $ | 2,621 |  |  | $ | 551 |
Stock-based compensation capitalized as internal-use software |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 86 |
Stock-based compensation capitalized as tooling and fixed assets |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 23 |
Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payable |  | $ | 1,170 |  |  | $ | 2,296 |

(1) As revised. Refer to Note 2 for further information.

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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QUICKLOGIC CORPORATION

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Stockholders' |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 14,118 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 322,436 |  |  | $ | (305,555 | ) |  | $ | 16,895 |
Issuance of common stock from private placement, net of stock issuance cost |  |  | 223 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,535 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,535 |
Common stock issued under stock plans and employee stock purchase plans |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,709 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,709 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 108 |
Balance at March 31, 2024 |  |  | 14,422 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 327,680 |  |  | $ | (305,447 | ) |  | $ | 22,247 |
Common stock issued under stock plans and employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 188 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 188 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 920 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 920 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,550 | ) |  |  | (1,550 | )
Balance at June 30, 2024 |  |  | 14,458 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 328,788 |  |  | $ | (306,997 | ) |  | $ | 21,805 |
Common stock issued under stock plans and employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 239 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,177 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,177 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,094 | ) |  |  | (2,094 | )
Balance at September 29, 2024 |  |  | 14,697 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 329,965 |  |  | $ | (309,091 | ) |  | $ | 20,889 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Stockholders' |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Equity |
Balance at January 1, 2023 |  |  | 13,202 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 317,174 |  |  | $ | (305,292 | ) |  | $ | 11,895 |
Issuance of common stock from private placement, net of stock issuance cost |  |  | 450 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2,292 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,293 |
Common stock issued under stock plans and employee stock purchase plans |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 715 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 715 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,228 | ) |  |  | (1,228 | )
Balance at April 2, 2023 |  |  | 13,686 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 320,181 |  |  | $ | (306,520 | ) |  | $ | 13,675 |
Common stock issued under stock plans and employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 122 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 647 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 647 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,269 | ) |  |  | (2,269 | )
Balance at July 2, 2023 |  |  | 13,725 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 320,950 |  |  |  | (308,789 | ) |  |  | 12,175 |
Common stock issued under stock plans and employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 181 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 673 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 673 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,192 |  |  |  | 1,192 |
Balance at October 1, 2023 |  |  | 13,906 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 321,623 |  |  |  | (307,597 | ) |  |  | 14,040 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 — The Company and Basis of Presentation

QuickLogic Corporation was founded in 1988 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1999. The Company provides innovative, programmable silicon and software platforms to enable its customers to develop custom hardware products in a fast time-to-market and cost-effective way. Specifically, QuickLogic is a fabless semiconductor company with a variety of products: embedded FPGA ("eFPGA") intellectual property ("IP"), low power, multi-core semiconductor system-on-chips ("SoCs"), discrete FPGAs, and AI software. QuickLogic's customers can use its eFPGA IP for hardware acceleration and pre-processing in their Application Specific Integrated Circuit ("ASIC") products, the Company's SoCs to run its customers' software and build their hardware around, and the Company's discrete FPGAs to implement their custom functionality. The Analytics Toolkit from SensiML Corporation ("SensiML"), the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, provides an end-to-end Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning solution with accurate sensor algorithms using AI technology. The full range of platforms, software tools, and eFPGA IP enables the practical and efficient adoption of AI, voice, and sensor processing across Aerospace and Defense, Consumer/Industrial IoT, and Consumer Electronics markets.

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. In the opinion of the Company’s management, these statements have been prepared in accordance with the United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to provide a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented. The Company recommends that these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 27, 2024. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full fiscal year.

QuickLogic's fiscal year ends on the Sunday closest to December 31 and each fiscal quarter ends on the Sunday closest to the end of each calendar quarter. QuickLogic's third fiscal quarter for 2024 and 2023 ended on September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, respectively.

The Company has one reportable business segment based on how its Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") manages the business and in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the CODM. The CODM, the Company's Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), reviews detailed income statements, balance sheets, and sales reports in order to assess performance of the Company. Sales and operating income are some of the key variables monitored by the CODM and management when determining the Company's consolidated financial condition and operating performance.

Liquidity

The Company has financed its operations and capital investments through the sale of common stock, financing arrangements, operating leases, a revolving line of credit with Heritage Bank (the "Revolving Facility"), and cash flows from operations. As of September 29, 2024, the Company's principal sources of liquidity consisted of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $22.4 million, inclusive of a $20.0 million advance from its Revolving Facility and $3.5 million in net proceeds from the Company's sale of common stock in the nine months ended September 29, 2024. The Company's restricted cash balance as of September 29, 2024 was $0.1 million and relates to amounts pledged as cash security for the use of credit cards.

The Company was in compliance with all the Revolving Facility loan covenants as of September 29, 2024. As of September 29, 2024, the Company had $20.0 million outstanding on the Revolving Facility with an interest rate of 8.50%.

On March 13, 2024, the Company entered into common stock purchase agreements with certain institutional investors and their affiliated entities for the sale of an aggregate of 223 thousand shares of common stock, par value $0.001, in a registered direct offering, resulting in net cash proceeds of approximately $3.5 million. Issuance costs related to the offering were negligible. The purchase price for each share of common stock was $16.00. See Note 9 for additional information.

On March 21, 2023, the Company entered into common stock purchase agreements with certain investors for the sale of an aggregate of 450 thousand shares of its common stock, in a registered direct offering pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3, resulting in net cash proceeds of approximately $2.3 million. Issuance costs related to the offering were immaterial. The purchase price for each share of common stock in the Share Placement was $5.14.

On April 28, 2023, the Company converted accounts receivable for a customer in the amount of approximately $1.16 million to notes receivable (the "Original Note"). At the time, the Original Note bore an interest rate of 3.0% compounded monthly. On June 28, 2023, the Company cancelled the Original Note and entered into a revised promissory note ("Second Revised Note") with the customer, where the interest rate changed to 4.69% compounded monthly, or a 4.8% effective annual interest rate, accruing from the date of the Original Note. On June 27, 2024, the Company cancelled the Second Revised Note and entered into a revised promissory note ("Current Note") with the customer, where the interest rate changed to 10.0% per annum. Accrued but unpaid interest will be compounded monthly, accruing from the date of the Current Note. Additionally, if not prepaid prior to the Current Note maturity date of the earlier of (i) 24 months from June 28, 2024 or (ii) the closing of the customer's Series B financing, the principal and all accrued and unpaid interest will be due and payable to the Company. If an event of default occurs, the interest rate will increase to 15.31%. All other terms of the Note remained the same. As of September 29, 2024, the related note receivable balance was $1.26 million, including $97 thousand in accrued interest.

The Company currently uses its cash to fund its working capital, to accelerate the development of next generation products, and for general corporate purposes. Based on past performance and current expectations, the Company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents, together with $3.5 million gross cash proceeds from the March 13, 2024 financing, its revenues from operations, and the available financial resources from the Revolving Facility with Heritage Bank will be sufficient to fund its operations and capital expenditures and provide adequate working capital for the next twelve months.

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Various factors affect the Company’s liquidity, including, among others: the level of revenue and gross profit as a result of the cyclicality of the semiconductor industry; the conversion of design opportunities into revenue; market acceptance of existing and new products including solutions based on the Company's ArcticLink® and PolarPro® platforms, ArcticPro™, EOS S3 SoC, Quick AI solution, QuickAI™, SensiML Analytics Toolkit, Eclipse II products, and eFPGA IP license and professional services; the timing, milestones, and payments related to our government contracts; fluctuations in revenue as a result of product end-of-life; fluctuations in revenue as a result of the stage in the product life cycle of its customers’ products; costs of securing access to and availability of adequate manufacturing capacity; levels of inventories; wafer purchase commitments; customer credit terms; the amount and timing of research and development expenditures; the timing of new product introductions; production volumes; product quality; sales and marketing efforts; the value and liquidity of its investment portfolio; changes in operating assets and liabilities; the ability to obtain or renew debt financing and to remain in compliance with the terms of existing credit facilities; the ability to raise funds from the sale of equity in the Company; the issuance and exercise of stock options and participation in the Company’s employee stock purchase plan; and other factors related to the uncertainties of the industry and global economics.

Over the longer term, the Company anticipates that sales generated from its new product offerings, existing cash and cash equivalents, together with financial resources from its Revolving Facility with Heritage Bank, assuming renewal of the Revolving Facility or the Company entering into a new debt agreement with an alternative lender prior to the expiration of the revolving line of credit on December 31, 2025, and its ability to raise additional capital in the public capital markets will be sufficient to satisfy its operations and capital expenditures. However, the Company cannot provide any assurance that it will be able to raise additional capital, if required, or that such capital will be available on terms acceptable to the Company. The inability of the Company to generate sufficient sales from its new product offerings and/or raise additional capital if needed could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations and financial condition, including its ability to maintain compliance with its lender’s financial covenants.

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of QuickLogic and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Foreign Currency

The functional currency of the Company's non-U.S. operations is the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, all monetary assets and liabilities of these foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at current period-end exchange rates and non-monetary assets and related elements of expense are translated using historical exchange rates. Income and expense elements are translated to U.S. dollars using the average exchange rates in effect during the period. Gains and losses from the foreign currency transactions of these subsidiaries are recorded as interest income and other expense, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, and are insignificant for all periods presented.

Uses of Estimates

The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of commitments and contingencies at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.

The methods, estimates, and judgments the Company uses in applying its most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results it reports in its consolidated financial statements. The SEC has defined critical accounting policies as those that are most important to the portrayal of the Company's financial condition and results of operations and requires it to make its most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.

Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately materially differ from these estimates and assumptions. Areas where management uses subjective judgment include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, inventory valuation, including the identification of excess quantities, market value, and obsolescence, and valuation of goodwill and long-lived and intangible assets. The Company believes that it applies judgments and estimates in a consistent manner and that such consistent application results in consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes that fairly represent all periods presented. However, any factual errors or errors in these judgments and estimates may have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. For additional information, please refer to the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on March 27, 2024.

Concentration of Risk

The Company's accounts receivable and note receivable are denominated in U.S. dollars and are derived primarily from sales to customers located in North America, Asia Pacific, and Europe. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and does not require collateral. See Note 12, Information Concerning Product Lines, Geographic Information and Revenue Concentration, for information regarding concentrations associated with accounts receivable.

As of September 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $20.0 million of revolving debt outstanding with Heritage Bank; the revolving debt carried an interest rate of 8.50% per annum and 9.00% per annum, respectively. Heritage Bank has a first priority security interest in substantially all of the Company's tangible and intangible assets to secure any outstanding amounts under the agreement. The Company was in compliance with all loan covenants under the agreement as of the end of the current reporting period. The maturity date for advances under the revolving debt agreement is December 31, 2025. At September 29, 2024, the Company had utilized a significant portion of the revolving debt, and as a result, it maintains a substantial amount of cash deposits with Heritage Bank. The concentration of cash with one financial institution poses certain risks.

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For instance, adverse developments affecting financial institutions, companies in the financial services industry, or the financial services industry, such as actual events or concerns involving liquidity, defaults, or non-performance, could adversely impact the stability of Heritage Bank, leading to additional financial risks for the Company.

Any material decline in available funding or the Company's ability to access its cash, cash equivalents, and liquidity resources, inclusive of those at Heritage Bank, could adversely impact its ability to meet its operating expenses, financial and contractual obligations, or result in breaches of its contractual obligations. Any of these impacts could have material adverse impacts on the Company's operations and liquidity.

Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies

During the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, there were no changes to the Company's significant accounting policies from its disclosures in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. For a discussion of the significant accounting policies, please see the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 27, 2024.

Certain prior period amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. Further, certain prior period disclosures in the footnotes to the consolidated financial statements have been modified to conform with current period presentation.

In the nine months ended September 29, 2024, there we no observable indicators of impairment for the non-marketable equity investment. Furthermore, utilizing the probability-of-default method to determine the current expected credit loss for the Company's note receivable, the Company determined the associated current expected credit loss to be de minimis as of September 29, 2024.

Financing Arrangements, Non-Cash Activities, & Correction of an Error

The Company previously classified certain licensed tooling software as leased assets and liabilities under ROU assets and financing lease liabilities pursuant to lease accounting under ASC 842, Leases. Upon further analysis, the Company determined these amounts are intangible assets subject to amortization in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles, Goodwill, and Other and financed through financing arrangements. As a result, the Company corrected immaterial errors to revise its consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended October 1, 2023. Cash payments on notes payable during the nine months ended October 1, 2023 were $0.5 million, instead of presented as payments of finance lease obligations. Proceeds from notes payable during the nine months ended October 1, 2023 were $0.1 million, instead of increases in accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities. Additionally, $0.5 million was added to the depreciation and amortization adjustment for amortization of software tools financed through financing arrangements for the nine months ended October 1, 2023.

Conforming the Company's consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended October 1, 2023 to the Company's reclassification at fiscal year 2023 year-end of certain assets from property and equipment to internal-use software resulted in the reclassification of investing cash outflows from capital expenditures to internal-use software in the amount of $0.3 million.

Additionally, non-cash activities of $0.3 million related to deferred charges were removed from the consolidated statement of cash flows. Purchases of assets with financing arrangements were $0.6 million for the nine months ended October 1, 2023.

The Company has determined the correction of these errors did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements, including net income and the balance of accumulated deficit as of and for the nine months ended October 1, 2023.

Recent Accounting Standards Adopted

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions to clarify the measurement of the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security and requires disclosures related to these types of equity securities. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company adopted ASU No. 2020-06 on January 1, 2024 and it had no material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures by providing information to better assess how an entity's operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operational opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. For public entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) Improvements to Disclosures About Reportable Segments to enhance disclosures about significant segment expenses, among other interim disclosure requirements. For public entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

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Note 3 — Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share was computed by dividing net income (loss) available by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share was computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period under the treasury stock method. In computing diluted net income (loss) per share, the weighted average stock price for the period is used in determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options and warrants. For periods in which the Company has reported a net loss, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive. For periods in which the Company has reported a net income, diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders is different from basic net income per share attributable to common stockholders as dilutive common shares would increase the amount of shares outstanding reduced by the amounts of treasury shares repurchased from the proceeds at the average market price for the period.

For the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 and the nine months ended October 1, 2023, 892 thousand and 925 thousand shares of common stock, respectively, associated with equity awards and the estimated number of shares to be purchased under the current offering period of the 2009 Employee Stock Purchase Plan were outstanding. These shares were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share, as they were considered anti-dilutive due to the net losses the Company experienced during this period. Warrants to purchase up to 386 thousand shares that were issued in connection with the May 29, 2018, stock offering were not included in the diluted loss per share calculation of the periods presented as they were also considered anti-dilutive due to the net loss the Company experienced during these periods. The warrants were exercisable through May 29, 2023 at a price of $19.32 per share. The warrants expired unexercised on May 29, 2023.

For the three months ended October 1, 2023, 925 thousand shares of common stock associated with equity awards and the estimated number of shares to be purchased under the current offering period of the 2009 Employee Stock Purchase Plan were outstanding. Of these, a 276 thousand share equivalent was determined to be dilutive and included in the computation of diluted net income per share for the period. Estimated proceeds for the dilutive shares were determined to be $147 thousand, which resulted in a reduction of dilutive shares by 4,672 using the treasury stock method at an average market price of $8.41.

Note 4 — Balance Sheet Components

The following table provides details relating to certain balance sheet line items as of September 29, 2024, and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

|  | September 29, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Inventories, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Work-in-process |  | $ | 1,438 |  |  | $ | 1,602 |
Finished goods |  |  | 342 |  |  |  | 427 |
|  | $ | 1,780 |  |  | $ | 2,029 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid taxes |  | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | 498 |
Deferred charges |  |  | 999 |  |  |  | 290 |
Deferred cost of sales |  |  | 586 |  |  |  | 2 |
Other prepaid taxes, royalties, and other prepaid expenses |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 627 |
Other |  |  | 180 |  |  |  | 144 |
|  | $ | 2,919 |  |  | $ | 1,561 |
Property and equipment, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equipment |  | $ | 9,613 |  |  | $ | 10,503 |
Software tools |  |  | 3,009 |  |  |  | 2,163 |
Tooling |  |  | 12,437 |  |  |  | 7,085 |
Software |  |  | 1,776 |  |  |  | 1,803 |
Furniture and fixtures |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 65 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 647 |  |  |  | 580 |
|  |  | 27,540 |  |  |  | 22,199 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  | (13,403 | ) |  |  | (13,251 | )
|  | $ | 14,137 |  |  | $ | 8,948 |
Capitalized internal-use software, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capitalized internal-use software |  | $ | 4,316 |  |  | $ | 3,491 |
Less: Accumulated amortization |  |  | (1,964 | ) |  |  | (1,422 | )
|  | $ | 2,352 |  |  | $ | 2,069 |
Intangible assets, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  | $ | 1,156 |  |  | $ | 1,156 |
Less: Accumulated amortization |  |  | (699 | ) |  |  | (619 | )
|  | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | 537 |
Accrued liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued compensation |  | $ | 649 |  |  | $ | 1,910 |
Accrued employee benefits |  |  | 181 |  |  |  | 57 |
Accrued payroll tax |  |  | 141 |  |  |  | 197 |
Other |  |  | 486 |  |  |  | 509 |
|  | $ | 1,457 |  |  | $ | 2,673 |

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As of September 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, work-in-process ("WIP") inventories, net consist primarily of $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of die wafers and $1.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of tested, unmarked devices held for sale, which are completed upon customer orders.

The Company capitalized $5.35 million in pre-production design and development costs as tooling to be utilized under its long-term professional services contracts for the nine months ended September 29, 2024. $3.6 million in pre-production design and development costs were capitalized as tooling for the nine months ended October 1, 2023. The capitalized assets recognized in the period are owned by the Company.

The Company recorded depreciation and amortization expense of $2.6 million and $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, respectively. No interest was capitalized for any period presented.

Depreciation and amortization expense included approximately $0.5 million and $0.4 million of amortization expense related to capitalized internal-use software for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, respectively.

Note 5 — Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation begins at the time the asset is placed in service. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives of the assets:

| Estimated Useful Lives
Equipment | 1 - 10 years
Software tools | 1 - 2 years
Tooling | 7 years
Software | 1 - 7 years
Furniture and fixtures | 5 - 7 years
Leasehold improvements | 3 - 5 years

The amortization period of leasehold improvements made at the inception of the lease is directly related to the initial lease term, while the amortization period for subsequent leasehold improvements is directly related to the initial lease term adjusted for extensions.

Note 6 — Intangible Assets

The following table provides the details of the carrying value of intangible assets recorded from the 2019 acquisition of SensiML at September 29, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | September 29, 2024 |
|  | Remaining Useful Life |  |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Amount |
Developed technology |  |  | 4.25 |  |  | $ | 959 |  |  | $ | (551 | ) |  | $ | 408 |
Customer relationships |  |  | — |  |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | (81 | ) |  |  | — |
Trade names and trademarks |  |  | 4.25 |  |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | (67 | ) |  |  | 49 |
Total acquired identifiable intangible assets |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,156 |  |  | $ | (699 | ) |  | $ | 457 |

The following table provides the details of future annual amortization of intangible assets, based upon the current useful lives at September 29, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Amount |
Annual Fiscal Years |  |  |  |
2024 (remaining period) |  | $ | 27 |
2025 |  |  | 107 |
2026 |  |  | 107 |
2027 |  |  | 107 |
2028 |  |  | 109 |
Total |  | $ | 457 |

Note 7 — Debt Obligations

Revolving Line of Credit

As of September 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $20.0 million of revolving debt outstanding with an interest rate of 8.50% per annum and 9.00% per annum, respectively. Heritage Bank has a first priority security interest in substantially all of the Company's tangible and intangible assets to secure any outstanding amounts under the agreement. The Company was in compliance with all loan covenants under the agreement as of the end of the current reporting period. Related interest expenses and annual facility fees recognized were $149 thousand and $205 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively and $30 thousand and $92 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 1, 2023, respectively.

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Financing Arrangements

The amount of assets, net purchased through financing arrangements on the condensed consolidated balance sheet were $3.2 million and $1.0 million as of September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, respectively. The financed assets consist primarily of tooling for performance under revenue contracts with customers, with smaller amounts related to IT infrastructure components. The corresponding note payable amount for these financing arrangements was $3.1 million and $1.0 million as of September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, respectively. Payments related to financing arrangements were $0.4 million and $0.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the three and nine months ended October 1, 2023, respectively. The Company's outstanding financing arrangements as of September 29, 2024 have remaining terms of 0.27 years to 2.57 years, with a weighted average remaining term of 1.91 years. Stated interest rates for its financing arrangements outstanding as of September 29, 2024 range from 6.75% to 9.89%, with a weighted average interest rate of 8.89%. The Company's outstanding financing arrangements as of October 1, 2023 had remaining terms of 0.92 years to 2.46 years, with a weighted average remaining term of 1.70 years. Stated interest rates for its financing arrangements outstanding as of October 1, 2023 ranged from 3.75% to 9.89%, with a weighted average interest rate of 6.93%.

The following table provides the details of future payments for assets purchased through financing arrangements as of September 29, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Financing Arrangements |
2024 (remaining period) |  | $ | 528 |
2025 |  |  | 1,852 |
2026 |  |  | 680 |
2027 |  |  | 340 |
Total payments |  |  | 3,400 |
Less: Interest |  |  | (288 | )
Present value of financing arrangements |  | $ | 3,112 |

Note 8 — Leases

The Company's principal research and development and corporate facilities are leased office buildings located in the United States. These lease facilities are classified as operating leases and have lease terms of one to three years. The Company maintains sales offices out of which it conducts sales and marketing activities in various countries outside of the United States which are rented under short-term leases. The Company has elected the practical expedient to apply to recognition requirements to short-term leases and recognizes rent payments on short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Total rent expenses were $0.1 million for the three months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023 and $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023.

The following table provides the expenses related to operating leases (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |
Operating lease costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 284 |  |  | $ | 301 |
Short term |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 13 |
Total |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 297 |  |  | $ | 314 |

The following table provides the details of supplemental cash flow information (in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows used for operating leases |  | $ | 287 |  |  | $ | 315 |

Non-cash ROU assets related to operating leases included in the operating cash flows for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023 were $199 thousand and $274 thousand, respectively.

The following table provides the details of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of September 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Right-of-use assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | $ | 828 |  |  | $ | 981 |
Lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | $ | 804 |  |  | $ | 983 |

The following table provides the details of future lease payments for operating leases as of September 29, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Operating Leases |
2024 (remaining period) |  | $ | 91 |
2025 |  |  | 339 |
2026 |  |  | 349 |
2027 |  |  | 128 |
Total lease payments |  |  | 907 |
Less: Interest |  |  | (103 | )
Present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 804 |

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The following table provides the details of lease terms and discount rates as of September 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Right-of-use assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases(1) |  |  | 2.67 |  |  |  | 3.25 |
Weighted-average discount rates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  |  | 6.00 | % |  |  | 6.00 | %

(1) The operating lease relates to the Company's headquarters in San Jose, CA. The lease term expires on June 14, 2027.

Note 9 — Capital Stock

Issuance of Common Stock

On March 13, 2024, the Company entered into common stock purchase agreements with certain institutional investors and their affiliated entities for the sale of an aggregate of 222,500 shares of common stock, par value $0.001, in a registered direct offering, resulting in net cash proceeds of approximately $3.5 million. The purchase price for each share of common stock was $16.00. The per share purchase price reflects a zero discount based upon the 10-day volume weighted average price on the day the pricing was agreed. Issuance costs related to the offering were immaterial.

On March 21, 2023, the Company entered into common stock purchase agreements with certain investors for the sale of an aggregate of 450 thousand shares of its common stock, in a registered direct offering pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3, resulting in net cash proceeds of approximately $2.3 million. Issuance costs related to the offering were immaterial. The purchase price for each share of common stock in the Share Placement was $5.14.

On August 17, 2022, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-266942) with the SEC, under which it may sell, from time-to-time common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, debt securities, and units, individually or as units comprised of one or more of the other securities or a combination thereof. The Company's registration statement became effective on August 26, 2022.

Note 10 — Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense included in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023 was as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |
Cost of revenue |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 505 |  |  | $ | 239 |
Research and development |  |  | 323 |  |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | 877 |  |  |  | 513 |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 645 |  |  |  | 372 |  |  |  | 2,131 |  |  |  | 1,165 |
Total |  | $ | 1,148 |  |  | $ | 616 |  |  | $ | 3,513 |  |  | $ | 1,917 |

The Company capitalized certain stock-based compensation amounts to capitalized internal-use software and tooling, net of ($27 thousand) and $124 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively and $48 thousand and $109 thousand for the three and nine months ended October 1, 2023, respectively. The capitalized stock-based compensation amounts relate to compensation for employees involved in the development of capitalized internal-use software and tooling.

Stock-Based Compensation Award Activity

The following table summarizes the activity in the shares available for grant under the 2019 Plan during the nine months ended September 29, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Shares Available for Grants |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 595 |
Restricted stock units (RSUs) granted |  |  | (596 | )
PSUs/RSUs forfeited or expired |  |  | 51 |
Options expired |  |  | 6 |
Balance at September 29, 2024 |  |  | 56 |

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock options outstanding and stock option activity under the 2009 Plan and the 2019 Plan, and the related weighted average exercise price for the nine months ended September 29, 2024:

|  |  |  |  |  | Weighted |  |  | Weighted |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Average |  |  | Average |  |  | Aggregate |
|  | Number of |  |  | Exercise |  |  | Remaining |  |  | Intrinsic |
|  | Shares |  |  | Price |  |  | Term |  |  | Value |
|  | (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (in years) |  |  | (in thousands) |
Balance outstanding at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 60 |  |  | $ | 19.45 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited or expired |  |  | (6 | ) |  | $ | 51.19 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance outstanding, exercisable, and vested at September 29, 2024 |  |  | 54 |  |  | $ | 15.64 |  |  |  | 1.76 |  |  | $ | — |

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No stock options were granted or exercised during the nine months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023. Stock options equivalent to 6 thousand and 2 thousand shares expired during the nine months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023.

Total stock-based compensation related to stock options was $0 during the nine months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023.

Restricted Stock Units

The Company grants restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance restricted stock units ("PRSUs") to employees and directors with various vesting terms. RSUs entitle the holder to receive, at no cost, one common share for each RSU as it vests. In general, the Company's policy is to withhold shares in settlement of employee tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of RSUs. The stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs and PRSUs were approximately $1.1 million and $3.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively and $0.6 million and $1.8 million, for the three and nine months ended October 1, 2023, respectively.

As of September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, there was approximately $3.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively, in unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs. The remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation expense as of September 29, 2024 is expected to be recorded over a weighted average period of 1.19 years.

A summary of activity for the Company's RSUs and PRSUs for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 is as follows:

|  | RSUs & PRSUs Outstanding |
|  |  |  |  |  | Weighted |
|  |  |  |  |  | Average |
|  | Number of |  |  | Grant Date |
|  | Shares |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
Nonvested at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 589 |  |  | $ | 7.35 |
Granted |  |  | 596 |  |  |  | 9.68 |
Vested and released |  |  | (332 | ) |  |  | 9.39 |
Forfeited |  |  | (51 | ) |  |  | 13.13 |
Nonvested at September 29, 2024 |  |  | 802 |  |  | $ | 7.87 |

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Total stock-based compensation related to the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan was approximately $32 thousand and $73 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively and $25 thousand and $100 thousand, for the three and nine months ended October 1, 2023, respectively.

Note 11 — Income Taxes

The Company recorded a net income tax expense of $13 thousand and $4 thousand for the three months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, respectively. Additionally, the Company recorded a net income tax expense of $14 thousand and $4 thousand for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, respectively. The difference between the estimated annual effective tax expense of 0% and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% is primarily due to the Company's valuation allowance movement in each period presented. It is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the federal, state, and certain foreign deferred tax assets as of September 29, 2024. As such, the Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against all of its US and certain foreign net deferred tax assets as of September 29, 2024.

Note 12 — Information Concerning Product Lines, Geographic Information and Revenue Concentration

The Company identifies its business segment based on business activities, management responsibility and geographic location. For all periods presented, the Company operated in a single reportable business segment.

The following is a breakdown of revenue by product family (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |
New products |  | $ | 3,537 |  |  | $ | 6,096 |  |  | $ | 11,470 |  |  | $ | 11,384 |
Mature products |  |  | 736 |  |  |  | 569 |  |  |  | 2,937 |  |  |  | 2,335 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 4,273 |  |  | $ | 6,665 |  |  | $ | 14,407 |  |  | $ | 13,719 |

New products revenue consists of revenues from the sale of hardware products manufactured on 180 nanometer or smaller semiconductor processes, eFPGA IP license and eFPGA-related professional services, QuickAI and SensiML AI software as a service (SaaS) revenue. Mature products include all products produced on semiconductor processes larger than 180 nanometer.

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The following is a breakdown of new product revenue (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |
Hardware products |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | 1,028 |  |  | $ | 776 |
eFPGA IP and professional services |  |  | 3,445 |  |  |  | 5,838 |  |  |  | 10,009 |  |  |  | 10,505 |
SaaS & Other |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 433 |  |  |  | 103 |
New products revenue |  | $ | 3,537 |  |  | $ | 6,096 |  |  | $ | 11,470 |  |  | $ | 11,384 |

eFPGA IP and professional services revenue for the three months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023 was $3.4 million and $5.8 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023 was $10.0 million and $10.5 million, respectively, which were primarily professional services revenue.

Contract assets related to professional services revenue were $2.3 million and $4.0 million as of September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, respectively. Contract liabilities related to professional services revenue were $0.4 million and $0.3 million as of September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, $1.1 million in deferred revenues were outstanding. In the nine months ended September 29, 2024, $1.0 million of the outstanding $1.1 million in deferred revenues was recognized by the Company as revenue. Of the $0.4 million in deferred revenues as of September 29, 2024, the Company expects to recognize these revenues using the input time-based method through the end of Q1'25. Of its remaining unsatisfied performance obligations not currently on the Company's balance sheet, the Company expects to recognize $1.2 million by Q2'25, either through the input time-based method or the output method, recognizing revenue as deliverables such as IP and various technologies and training are transferred or provided to the customer. For the majority of the Company's contracts, payment schedules are in place and cash receipts will not always follow the timeline of the Company's revenue recognition policies.

The tables below present disaggregated revenues by geographical location. Revenue attributed to geographic location is based on the destination of the product or service. Substantially all revenues in North America were in the United States. Revenue in the United States was $3.7 million, or 85% of total revenue, and $12.0 million, or 83% of total revenue for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively and $6.0 million, or 91% of total revenue, and $11.7 million, or 85% of total revenue for the three and nine months ended October 1, 2023, respectively.

The following is a breakdown of revenue by destination (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |
Asia Pacific |  | $ | 518 |  |  | $ | 371 |  |  | $ | 1,656 |  |  | $ | 1,540 |
North America |  |  | 3,663 |  |  |  | 6,051 |  |  |  | 12,317 |  |  |  | 11,739 |
Europe |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | 243 |  |  |  | 434 |  |  |  | 440 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 4,273 |  |  | $ | 6,665 |  |  | $ | 14,407 |  |  | $ | 13,719 |

The following distributors and customers accounted for 10% or more of the Company's revenue for the periods presented:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 29, |  |  | October 1, |  |  | September 29, |  |  | October 1, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Distributor "A" |  |  | 11 | % |  |  | * |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 11 | %
Customer "A" |  |  | 53 | % |  |  | 84 | % |  |  | 57 | % |  |  | 67 | %
Customer "B" |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | * |  |  |  | * |  |  |  | * |
Customer "J" |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | * |  |  |  | * |  |  |  | * |

The following distributors and customers accounted for 10% or more of the Company's accounts receivable as of the dates presented:

|  | September 29, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Customer "A" |  |  | 69 | % |  |  | 86 | %
Customer "J" |  |  | 16 | % |  |  | * |

Note 13 — Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

The Company's principal contractual commitments include purchase obligations, re-payments of draw-downs from the revolving line of credit, and payments under operating and financing arrangements. Purchase obligations are largely comprised of open purchase order commitments to suppliers and to subcontractors under professional services agreements. The Company's risk associated with the purchase obligations under professional services agreements is limited to the termination liability provisions within those contracts, and as such, it does not believe they represent a material liquidity risk to the Company.

Certain wafer manufacturers require the Company to forecast wafer starts several months in advance. The Company is committed to taking delivery of and paying for a portion of the forecasted wafer volume. As of September 29, 2024, the Company had $89 thousand in outstanding commitments for the purchase of wafer inventory.

Purchase Obligations

Purchase obligations represent contractual agreements to purchase goods or services entered into in the ordinary course of business. Purchase obligations are legally binding and amongst other things, specify a minimum or a range of quantities, pricing, and approximate timing of the transaction. Purchase obligations include amounts that are recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheets, as well as amounts that are not recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. As of September 29, 2024, total outstanding purchase obligations for other goods and services were $2.4 million due within the next twelve months, not recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

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Litigation

From time to time, the Company may become involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business including, but not limited to, intellectual property infringement and collection matters. Absolute assurance cannot be given that any such third-party assertions will be resolved without costly litigation; in a manner that is not adverse to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows; or without requiring royalty or other payments which may adversely impact gross profit.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, as well as information contained in “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We intend that these forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbor created by those provisions. Forward-looking statements are generally written in the future tense and/or are preceded by words such as “will,” “may,” “should,” “forecast,” “could,” “expect,” “suggest,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” "future," "potential," "target," "seek," "continue," "if" or other similar words.

The forward-looking statements contained in the Quarterly Report include statements regarding our strategies as well as (1) our revenue levels, including the commercial success of our solutions and new products, (2) the conversion of our design opportunities into revenue, (3) our liquidity, (4) our gross profit and breakeven revenue level and factors that affect gross profit and the break-even revenue level, (5) our level of operating expenses, (6) our research and development efforts, (7) our partners and suppliers, (8) industry and market trends, (9) our manufacturing and product development strategies, and (10) our competitive position.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the attached unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, and with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 27, 2024. Although we believe that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate, and therefore, there can be no assurance that such statements will be accurate. The risks, uncertainties, and assumptions referred to above that could cause our results to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A hereto and the risks, uncertainties, and assumptions discussed from time to time in our other public filings and public announcements. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us as of the date hereof. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the results or conditions described in such statements, or our objectives and plans will be achieved. Furthermore, past performance in operations and share price is not necessarily indicative of future performance. We disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, that may arise after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

QuickLogic Corporation was founded in 1988 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1999. We provide innovative, programmable silicon and software platforms to enable our customers to develop custom hardware products in a fast time-to-market and cost-effective way. Specifically, we are a fabless semiconductor company with a variety of products: embedded FPGA ("eFPGA") intellectual property ("IP"), low power, multi-core semiconductor system-on-chips ("SoCs"), discrete FPGAs, and AI software. Our customers can use our eFPGA IP for hardware acceleration and pre-processing in their Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) products, our SoCs to run our customers' software and build their hardware around, and our discrete FPGAs to implement their custom functionality. The Analytics Toolkit from SensiML Corporation ("SensiML"), our wholly-owned subsidiary, provides an end-to-end Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning solution with accurate sensor algorithms using AI technology. The full range of platforms, software tools, and eFPGA IP enables the practical and efficient adoption of AI, voice, and sensor processing across Aerospace and Defense, Consumer/Industrial IoT, and Consumer Electronics markets.

Our new products include the following: eFPGA IP Licensing business and associated professional services, consisting of development and integration of eFPGA technology into custom semiconductor solutions and our silicon products consisting of EOS™, QuickAI™, ArcticLink® III, PolarPro®3, PolarPro II, PolarPro, and Eclipse II products. In addition to delivering our own semiconductor solutions, our new products category includes our AI/ML Software Platform from our wholly-owned subsidiary company, SensiML, which includes Software as a Service (SaaS) subscriptions for development, per unit license fees when deployed in production, and proof-of-concept services, all of which are also included in the new products revenue category. Our mature products include primarily FPGA families named PASIC®3 and QuickRAM®, as well as programming hardware and design software. We currently have a total of four patent applications pending.

For our IP and silicon platforms, we collaborate with multiple partners on co-marketing and/or co-selling initiatives. These partners could have primary business lines in semiconductor IP, Design Services, semiconductor foundry, semiconductor assembly and test, and others. For our AI/ML Software, SensiML collaborates with several microcontroller and sensor manufacturers to integrate the microcontroller and/or sensor manufacturers’ development kits with SensiML’s Analytics Toolkit in order to showcase combined solutions for AI/ML applications. Currently, these collaborations include Infineon Technologies, On Semiconductor Corp., Microchip Technology Inc., Silicon Laboratories, Inc., STMicroelectronics N.V., Arduino, NXP Semiconductors N.V., Raspberry Pi, and Nordic Semiconductor.

Our eFPGA IP is currently developed on 12nm, 16nm, 22nm, 28nm, 40nm, 65nm, 90nm, 130nm, and 250nm process nodes with a roadmap to more advanced nodes. The licensable IP is generated by our automated compiler tool called Australis™, which enables our engineers to create an eFPGA IP for our licensees that they can then integrate into their SoC without significant involvement by QuickLogic. We believe this flow enables a scalable development and support model for QuickLogic. For our eFPGA strategy, we typically work with semiconductor manufacturing partners prior to this IP being licensed to a SoC company.

We have changed our manufacturing strategies to reduce the cost of our silicon solution platforms to enable their use in a range of unique products ranging from low to high volume. Our EOS S3, EOS S3AI, QuickAI, and ArcticLink III silicon platforms combine mixed signal physical functions and hard-wired logic alongside our field programmable logic. Our EOS S3, EOS S3AI, and ArcticLink III solution platforms are manufactured on process nodes where we can benefit from smaller die sizes and lower power consumption. We typically implement sophisticated logic blocks and mixed signal functions in hard-wired logic because it is very cost-effective and energy efficient. We use small form factor packages, which are less expensive to manufacture and include smaller pin counts. Reduced pin counts result in lower costs for our customers' printed circuit board space and routing. Furthermore, our SRAM reprogrammable silicon platforms can be programmed in-system by our customers, and therefore, we do not incur programming costs, lowering the overall cost of ownership to our customers. We expect to continue to invest in silicon solution platforms and manufacturing technologies that make us competitive for the variety of markets and applications that programmable logic serves.

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In order to grow our revenue from its current level, we depend upon increased revenue from our new products, including existing new product platforms and platforms currently in development. We expect our business growth to be driven mainly by eFPGA IP and our silicon solutions, with additional contributions from SensiML AI Software. Therefore, our revenue growth needs to be strong enough to enable us to sustain profitability while we continue to invest in the development, sale, and marketing of our new solution platforms, IP, and software.

We market our programmable logic (FPGAs and eFPGA IP) solutions primarily to Defense Industrial Base contractors, U.S. Government entities, System OEMs, and fabless semiconductor companies. These customers may value one or more of our product categories. A solution can be based on our programmable technology, which enables customized designs, low power, flexibility, rapid time-to-market, longer time-in-market, and lower total cost of ownership. We are capable of providing complete solutions because of our investment in developing the low power IP and software required to implement specific functions, along with sensor software algorithms optimized for our architecture. In some cases, we develop the IPs and either software or firmware ourselves and, in other cases, we utilize third parties to develop the mixed signal physical layers, logic, and/or software.

We market our SoC and SensiML solutions to OEMs and ODMs offering differentiated Consumer/IoT products, to processor vendors wishing to expand their served available market, and to sensor manufacturers and sensor processing software companies wishing to expand their ecosystems. Our target markets for our SoC and SensiML products include Consumer/Industrial IoT and Consumer Electronics.

By using our silicon platforms, our IPs, our software, and our in-depth architecture knowledge, we can deliver energy efficient custom solutions that blend the benefits of traditional ASSPs with the flexibility, product proliferation, differentiation, and low total cost of ownership advantages of programmable logic.

We monetize our technology through hardware product sales and eFPGA IP licenses, with any necessary corresponding work delivered via professional engineering services, SensiML Analytics Toolkit subscriptions, and per unit royalties. We specialize in enhancing the user experience in leading edge IoT hardware products. For our customers, we enable hardware and sensor algorithmic differentiation quickly, cost-effectively, and at low power. For our partners, we expand their reach into new segments and new use cases, thereby expanding the served available market for their existing hardware products.

Our embedded FPGA technology gives ASIC and SoC developers the benefit of flexibility to make design changes post-manufacturing changes at very fast time-to-and time-in-market, while keeping power consumption low. Our multi-core sensor processing products such as ArcticLink 3 S1, ArcticLink 3 S2, EOS 3, EOS S3 LV, and EOS S3AI provide an extremely power-efficient approach for real-time multi-modal (vision, motion, voice, location, biometric, and environmental) sensor processing independently of the cloud. Our SensiML Analytics Toolkit is cutting-edge software that enables ultra-low power IoT endpoints that implement AI to transform raw sensor data into meaningful insight at the device itself. The toolkit also provides an end-to-end development platform spanning data collection, labeling, algorithm and firmware auto generation, and testing.

We recognize that our markets require a range of solutions, and we intend to work with market-leading companies to combine silicon solution platforms, packaging technology, FPGA User Tools, sensor software algorithms, software drivers and firmware, to meet the product proliferation, high bandwidth, time-to-market, time-in-market, and form factor requirements of our customers. We intend to continue to define and implement compelling solutions for our target customers and partners.

We believe our solutions are resonating with our target customers who value lower power consumption, platform design flexibility, rapid time-to-market, longer time-in-market, and low total cost of ownership available through the use of our solutions.

We sell our products through a network of sales managers in North America, Europe, and Asia. In addition to our corporate headquarters in San Jose, California, we have international sales operations in Japan and the United Kingdom. Our sales personnel and independent sales representatives are responsible for sales and application support for a given region, focusing on major strategic accounts, and managing our channel sales partners such as distributors.

Customers typically order our products through our distributors. Currently, we have 11 active distributors in the United States and a network of 18 active distributors and sales representatives throughout Europe and Asia to support our international business. eFPGA IP customers and SensiML SaaS subscribers typically enter into licensing agreements directly with QuickLogic and SensiML, respectively.

We also have an Aerospace and Defense, industrial, and IoT product customer base that purchases our mature silicon products. We expect to continue to offer silicon hardware products to these customers, as well as new eFPGA IP for when these customers choose to implement their own silicon platform solution.

During the third quarter of 2024, we generated total revenue of $4.3 million, an increase of 4% compared to the prior quarter, and a decrease of 36% compared to the same quarter last year. Our new product revenue in the third quarter was $3.5 million, an increase of 16% from the prior quarter and a decrease of 42% from the third quarter of 2023. Our mature product revenue was $0.7 million in the third quarter of 2024, a decrease of 31% compared to the prior quarter, and an increase of 29% compared to the third quarter of 2023. We expect our mature product revenue to continue to fluctuate over time.

We devote substantially all of our development, sales, and marketing efforts to our new eFPGA IP licensing and professional services and SensiML initiatives. Overall, we reported a net loss of $2.1 million for the third quarter of 2024, as compared to a net loss of $1.6 million in the prior quarter and a net income of $1.2 million for the third quarter of 2023.

As of September 29, 2024, we had one operating lease with a remaining lease term of 2.67 years. The operating lease relates to our company headquarters in San Jose, CA.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The methodologies, estimates, and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in our consolidated financial statements. The SEC has defined critical accounting policies as those that are most important to the portrayal of the company's financial condition and results of operations and requires us to make our most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. Based on this definition, our critical accounting policies include revenue recognition, inventory valuation, including the identification of excess quantities, market value, and obsolescence, and valuation of goodwill and long-lived and intangible assets. We believe that we apply judgments and estimates in a consistent manner and that such consistent application results in consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes that fairly represent all periods presented. However, any factual errors or errors in these judgments and estimates may have a material impact on our financial statements. During the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, there were no changes in our critical accounting policies from our disclosure in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the SEC on March 27, 2024.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth the percentage of revenue for certain items in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |
Revenue |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | %
Cost of revenue |  |  | 44 | % |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | 41 | % |  |  | 36 | %
Gross profit |  |  | 56 | % |  |  | 77 | % |  |  | 59 | % |  |  | 64 | %
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 46 | % |  |  | 29 | % |  |  | 34 | % |  |  | 37 | %
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 54 | % |  |  | 29 | % |  |  | 47 | % |  |  | 42 | %
Income (loss) from operations |  |  | (44 | )% |  |  | 19 | % |  |  | (22 | )% |  |  | (15 | )%
Interest expense |  |  | (4 | )% |  |  | (1 | )% |  |  | (2 | )% |  |  | (1 | )%
Interest income and other income (expense), net |  |  | (1 | )% |  |  | — | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | (1 | )%
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | (49 | )% |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | (24 | )% |  |  | (17 | )%
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes |  |  | — | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | — | %
Net income (loss) |  |  | (49 | )% |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | (25 | )% |  |  | (17 | )%

Three Months Ended September 29, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended October 1, 2023

Revenue

The table below sets forth the changes in revenue in the three months ended September 29, 2024 compared to the three months ended October 1, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | Change |
|  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percentage |
New products |  | $ | 3,537 |  |  |  | 83 | % |  | $ | 6,096 |  |  |  | 91 | % |  | $ | (2,559 | ) |  |  | (42 | )%
Mature products |  |  | 736 |  |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 569 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | 29 | %
Total revenue |  | $ | 4,273 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 6,665 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | (2,392 | ) |  |  | (36 | )%

Note: For all periods presented, new products include hardware products and related revenues manufactured on 180 nanometer or smaller semiconductor processes, intellectual property license, professional services, QuickAI and SensiML AI software as a service (SaaS) revenue. Mature products include all products produced on semiconductor processes larger than 180 nanometer.

Product revenue for the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023 decreased $2.4 million. The increase resulted primarily from decreases in professional services eFPGA revenues and revenues from sales of new devices, partially offset by increases in revenues from sales of mature devices.

New Product Revenue

The table below sets forth the changes in new product revenue in the three months ended September 29, 2024 compared to the three months ended October 1, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | Change |
|  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percentage |
Hardware products |  | $ | 28 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | 248 |  |  |  | 3 | % |  | $ | (220 | ) |  |  | (89 | )%
eFPGA IP and professional services |  |  | 3,445 |  |  |  | 81 | % |  |  | 5,838 |  |  |  | 88 | % |  |  | (2,393 | ) |  |  | (41 | )%
SaaS & Other |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 540 | %
Total new product revenue |  | $ | 3,537 |  |  |  | 83 | % |  | $ | 6,096 |  |  |  | 91 | % |  | $ | (2,559 | ) |  |  | (42 | )%

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eFPGA IP revenue for the three months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023 was $3.4 million and $5.8 million, respectively, which were primarily professional services revenue.

Gross Profit

The table below sets forth the changes in gross profit for the three months ended September 29, 2024 compared to the three months ended October 1, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | Change |
|  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percentage |
Revenue |  | $ | 4,273 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 6,665 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | (2,392 | ) |  |  | (36 | )%
Cost of revenue |  |  | 1,888 |  |  |  | 44 | % |  |  | 1,537 |  |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | 351 |  |  |  | 23 | %
Gross profit |  | $ | 2,385 |  |  |  | 56 | % |  | $ | 5,128 |  |  |  | 77 | % |  | $ | (2,743 | ) |  |  | (53 | )%

In the third quarter of 2024, gross profit decreased $2.7 million, or 53%, compared to the same quarter in the prior year. The net decrease in gross profit reflects a 36% decrease in revenues, combined with a 23% net increase in cost of revenue. Revenue decreased from the same quarter in the prior year due to the timing of Department of Defense contracts. The net increase in cost of revenues was primarily due to the increased activity commensurate with the professional services revenue contracts. Labor and increased depreciation expenses from capitalized tooling substantially comprised this increase, with slight offsets from decreased consulting and software expenses.

Our semiconductor products have historically had long product life cycles and obsolescence has not been a significant factor in the valuation of inventories. However, as we continue to pursue opportunities in the mobile market and develop new solutions and products, our product life cycle will be shorter, and the risk of obsolescence will increase. In general, our standard manufacturing lead times are longer than the binding forecasts we receive from customers.

Operating Expenses

The table below sets forth the changes in operating expenses for the three months ended September 29, 2024 compared to the three months ended October 1, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | Change |
|  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percentage |
R&D expense |  | $ | 1,954 |  |  |  | 46 | % |  | $ | 1,933 |  |  |  | 29 | % |  | $ | 21 |  |  |  | 1 | %
SG&A expense |  |  | 2,292 |  |  |  | 54 | % |  |  | 1,915 |  |  |  | 29 | % |  |  | 377 |  |  |  | 20 | %
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 4,246 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 3,848 |  |  |  | 58 | % |  | $ | 398 |  |  |  | 10 | %

Research and Development

Our R&D expenses consist primarily of personnel, overhead and other costs associated with System on Chip (SoC) and software development, programmable logic design, AI and eFPGA development. R&D expenses for the third quarter of 2024 as compared to the same quarter in 2023 were essentially flat, reflecting continued allocation of R&D resources to COGS for revenue contracts with customers.

Selling, General and Administrative

Our selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses consist primarily of personnel and related overhead costs for sales, marketing, finance, administration, human resources, and general management. The $0.4 million increase in SG&A expenses in the third quarter of 2024, as compared to the third quarter of 2023, was attributable primarily to increases in compensation.

Interest Expense, Interest Income and Other Income (Expense), Net

The table below sets forth the changes in interest expense and interest income and other income (expense), net, for the three months ended September 29, 2024 compared to the three months ended October 1, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Change |
|  | September 29, |  |  | October 1, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percentage |
Interest expense |  | $ | (186 | ) |  | $ | (48 | ) |  | $ | 138 |  |  |  | 288 | %
Interest income and other income (expense), net |  |  | (34 | ) |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (6 | )%
Total interest (expense), interest income and other income (expense), net |  | $ | (220 | ) |  | $ | (84 | ) |  | $ | 136 |  |  |  | 162 | %

Interest expense relates primarily to our revolving line of credit facility and notes payable. Interest income and other income (expense), net, relates to net foreign exchange losses recorded, partially offset by interest earned in our money market accounts. Changes in interest expense are related to our revolving loan's interest rate variability. Interest expense for the third quarter of this year as compared to the same period in the prior year increased approximately $138 thousand, which was comprised of a $21 thousand increase in interest expense related to notes payable, a $119 thousand increase in interest expense and facility fees related to our revolving line of credit facility, and a $1 thousand decrease in interest expense related to IT hardware financing costs. Interest income and other income (expense), which is mostly comprised of bank fees, net foreign exchange losses, and refunds, remained essentially flat.

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Provision for Income Taxes

The table below sets forth the changes in the provisions for income taxes in the three months ended September 29, 2024, compared to the three months ended October 1, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Change |
|  | September 29, |  |  | October 1, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percentage |
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  |  | 225 | %

The Company recorded a net income tax expense of $13 thousand for the three months ended September 29, 2024 and a net income tax expense of $4 thousand for the three months ended October 1, 2023. The effective tax rate benefit for the third quarter ended September 29, 2024 was (0.60)% as compared to 0.20% for the same period in the prior year.

Nine Months Ended September 29, 2024 Compared to Nine Months Ended October 1, 2023

Revenue

The table below sets forth the changes in revenue in the nine months ended September 29, 2024 compared to the nine months ended October 1, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | Change |
|  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percentage |
New products |  | $ | 11,470 |  |  |  | 80 | % |  | $ | 11,384 |  |  |  | 83 | % |  | $ | 86 |  |  |  | 1 | %
Mature products |  |  | 2,937 |  |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 2,335 |  |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 602 |  |  |  | 26 | %
Total revenue |  | $ | 14,407 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 13,719 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 688 |  |  |  | 5 | %

Note: For all periods presented, new products include hardware products and related revenues manufactured on 180 nanometer or smaller semiconductor processes, intellectual property license, professional services, QuickAI and SensiML AI software as a service (SaaS) revenue. Mature products include all products produced on semiconductor processes larger than 180 nanometer.

Product revenue for the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023 increased $0.7 million. The increase resulted primarily from increases in SaaS IP revenues and revenue from devices and royalties.

New Product Revenue

The table below sets forth the changes in new product revenue in the nine months ended September 29, 2024 compared to the nine months ended October 1, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | Change |
|  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percentage |
Hardware products |  | $ | 1,028 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  | $ | 776 |  |  |  | 6 | % |  | $ | 252 |  |  |  | 32 | %
eFPGA IP and professional services |  |  | 10,009 |  |  |  | 69 | % |  |  | 10,505 |  |  |  | 77 | % |  |  | (496 | ) |  |  | (5 | )%
SaaS & Other |  |  | 433 |  |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | — | % |  |  | 330 |  |  |  | 320 | %
Total new product revenue |  | $ | 11,470 |  |  |  | 80 | % |  | $ | 11,384 |  |  |  | 83 | % |  | $ | 86 |  |  |  | 1 | %

eFPGA IP revenue for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023 was $10.0 million and $10.5 million, respectively, which were primarily professional services revenue.

Gross Profit

The table below sets forth the changes in gross profit for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 compared to the nine months ended October 1, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | Change |
|  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percentage |
Revenue |  | $ | 14,407 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 13,719 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 688 |  |  |  | 5 | %
Cost of revenue |  |  | 5,934 |  |  |  | 41 | % |  |  | 4,998 |  |  |  | 36 | % |  |  | 936 |  |  |  | 19 | %
Gross profit |  | $ | 8,473 |  |  |  | 59 | % |  | $ | 8,721 |  |  |  | 64 | % |  | $ | (248 | ) |  |  | (3 | )%

In the third quarter of 2024, gross profit decreased $0.2 million, or 3%, compared to the same quarter in the prior year. The decrease in gross profit reflects a 19% net increase in cost of revenue, partially offset by a 5% increase in revenues. Revenue increased from the same quarter in the prior year due to increases in SaaS IP revenues and revenue from devices and royalties. The increase in cost of revenues was primarily due to the increased activity commensurate with the professional services revenue contracts. Contract manufacturing and outside services related to revenue contracts with customers substantially comprised this increase.

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Our semiconductor products have historically had long product life cycles and obsolescence has not been a significant factor in the valuation of inventories. However, as we continue to pursue opportunities in the mobile market and develop new solutions and products, our product life cycle will be shorter, and the risk of obsolescence will increase. In general, our standard manufacturing lead times are longer than the binding forecasts we receive from customers.

Operating Expenses

The table below sets forth the changes in operating expenses for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 compared to the nine months ended October 1, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 29, 2024 |  |  | October 1, 2023 |  |  | Change |
|  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | % of Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Revenues |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percentage |
R&D expense |  | $ | 4,940 |  |  |  | 34 | % |  | $ | 5,067 |  |  |  | 37 | % |  | $ | (127 | ) |  |  | (3 | )%
SG&A expense |  |  | 6,738 |  |  |  | 47 | % |  |  | 5,700 |  |  |  | 42 | % |  |  | 1,038 |  |  |  | 18 | %
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 11,678 |  |  |  | 81 | % |  | $ | 10,767 |  |  |  | 79 | % |  | $ | 911 |  |  |  | 8 | %

Research and Development

Our R&D expenses consist primarily of personnel, overhead and other costs associated with System on Chip (SoC) and software development, programmable logic design, AI and eFPGA development. R&D expenses remained essentially flat in the nine months ending September 29, 2024 as compared to the same period in the prior year, which was primarily due to continued allocations of R&D resources to costs of revenues resulting from labor and tooling costs attributable to professional services revenue contracts with customers.

Selling, General and Administrative

Our selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses consist primarily of personnel and related overhead costs for sales, marketing, finance, administration, human resources, and general management. The $1.0 million increase in SG&A expenses in the nine months ending September 29, 2024 as compared to the same period in the prior year, was primarily attributable to increases in equity and compensation expenses.

Interest Expense, Interest Income and Other Income (Expense), Net

The table below sets forth the changes in interest expense and interest income and other income (expense), net, for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 compared to the nine months ended October 1, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  | Change |
|  | September 29, |  |  | October 1, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percentage |
Interest expense |  | $ | (295 | ) |  | $ | (156 | ) |  | $ | 139 |  |  |  | 89 | %
Interest income and other expense, net |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (99 | ) |  |  | (77 | ) |  |  | (78 | )%
Total interest (expense), interest income and other income (expense), net |  | $ | (317 | ) |  | $ | (255 | ) |  | $ | 62 |  |  |  | 24 | %

Interest expense relates primarily to our revolving line of credit facility and notes payable. Interest income and other income (expense), net, relates to net foreign exchange losses recorded, partially offset by interest earned in our money market accounts. Changes in interest expense are related to our revolving loan's interest rate variability. Interest expense for the second quarter of this year as compared to the same period in the prior year increased approximately $139 thousand, which was comprised of an $28 thousand increase in interest expense related to notes payable, a $113 thousand increase in interest expense related to our revolving line of credit facility, and a $2 thousand decrease in interest expense related to IT hardware financing costs. The favorable change in interest income and other income (expense), net reflects accrued interest receivable related to note receivables with offsets related to slight increase in foreign exchange losses.

Provision for Income Taxes

The table below sets forth the changes in the provisions for income taxes in the nine months ended September 29, 2024, compared to the nine months ended October 1, 2023 (in thousands, except percentage data):

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  | Change |
|  | September 29, |  |  | October 1, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percentage |
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  |  | 250 | %

There was a slight increase in the income tax expense for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended October 1, 2023. The computed tax rate for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 was (0.40%) as compared to (0.13%) for the nine months ended October 1, 2023. The difference between the estimated annual effective income expense of 0% and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% is primarily due to the Company's valuation allowance movement in each period presented. It is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the federal, state, and certain foreign deferred tax assets as of September 29, 2024. As such, the Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against all of its US and certain foreign net deferred tax assets as of September 29, 2024. The projected annual effective tax rate before certain discrete items as of the third quarter of 2024 is 0%, as compared to the projected annual effective tax rate of 2.67% for the same period in the prior year.

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Balance Sheet Activities

Balance sheet amounts at September 29, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023 resulted from typical and usual activities in the normal course of business.

Total assets increased by approximately $1.9 million, primarily due to the capitalization of $7.8 million in property, plant, and equipment and internal-use software assets and a $1.4 million increase in other current assets, partially offset by $2.6 million in depreciation and amortization expense, a $2.2 million reduction in cash and cash equivalents due to payment of trade payables, a $2.2 million reduction in accounts receivable and contract assets due to the billing and collection of outstanding receivables, and a $0.2 million reduction in inventory.

Liabilities decreased by approximately $2.1 million due to payment of trade payables of $1.8 million, accrued liabilities of $1.2 million, and debt and lease obligations of $1.1 million, as well as the recognition of deferred revenue of $0.6 million. This was partially offset by an increase of $2.6 million in notes payable due to the purchase of additional software assets through financing arrangements. Equity increased $4.0 million due to a $7.5 million increase in additional paid in capital arising from the sale of shares of common stock and recognition of stock-based compensation, partially offset by a $3.5 million net loss for the nine months ended September 29, 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have financed our operations and capital investments through public and private offerings of our common stock, financing arrangements, operating leases, borrowings under a revolving line of credit, and cash flows from operations. In addition to our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $22.4 million, as of September 29, 2024, other sources of liquidity included a $20.0 million drawn down from our revolving line of credit ("Revolving Facility") with Heritage Bank of Commerce (“Heritage Bank”), and $3.5 million in net proceeds from the sale of our common stock on March 13, 2024. Costs related to the offering were immaterial. Our restricted cash balance as of September 29, 2024 was $0.1 million and relates to amounts pledged as cash security for the use of credit cards.

On April 28, 2023, we converted accounts receivable for a customer in the amount of approximately $1.16 million to notes receivable (the "Original Note"). At the time, the Original Note bore an interest rate of 3.0% compounded monthly. On June 28, 2023, we cancelled the Original Note and entered into a revised promissory note ("Second Revised Note") with the customer, where the interest rate changed to 4.69% compounded monthly, or a 4.8% effective annual interest rate, accruing from the date of the Original Note. On June 27, 2024, we cancelled the Second Revised Note and entered into a revised promissory note ("Current Note") with the customer, where the interest rate changed to 10.0% per annum. Accrued but unpaid interest will be compounded monthly, accruing from the date of the Current Note. Additionally, if not prepaid prior to the Current Note maturity date of the earlier of (i) 24 months from June 28, 2024 or (ii) the closing of the customer's Series B financing, the principal and all accrued and unpaid interest will be due and payable to us. If an event of default occurs, the interest rate will increase to 15.31%. All other terms of the Note remained the same. As of September 29, 2024, the related note receivable balance was $1.26 million, including $97 thousand in accrued interest.

On March 13, 2024, we entered into common stock purchase agreements with certain institutional investors and their affiliated entities for the sale of an aggregate of 223 thousand shares of common stock, par value $0.001, in a registered direct offering, resulting in net cash proceeds of approximately $3.5 million. Issuance costs related to the offering were negligible. The purchase price for each share of common stock was $16.00. See Note 9 for additional information.

On March 21, 2023, we entered into common stock purchase agreements with certain investors for the sale of an aggregate of 450 thousand shares of common stock, in a registered direct offering pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3, resulting in net cash proceeds of approximately $2.3 million. Issuance costs related to the offering were immaterial. The purchase price for each share of common stock in the Share Placement was $5.14.

We were in compliance with all the Heritage Bank Revolving Facility loan covenants as of September 29, 2024. As of September 29, 2024, we had $20.0 million outstanding on the Revolving Facility with an interest rate of 8.50%.

We currently use our cash to fund our working capital, to accelerate the development of next-generation products, and for general corporate purposes. Based on past performance and current expectations, we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with $3.5 million gross cash proceeds from the March 13, 2024 financing, our revenues from operations, and the available financial resources from the Revolving Facility with Heritage Bank will be sufficient to fund our operations and capital expenditures and provide adequate working capital for the next twelve months.

Various factors affect our liquidity, including, among others: the level of revenue and gross profit as a result of the cyclicality of the semiconductor industry; the conversion of design opportunities into revenue; market acceptance of existing and new products including solutions based on our ArcticLink® and PolarPro® platforms, ArcticPro™, EOS S3 SoC, Quick AI solution, QuickAI™, SensiML Analytics Toolkit, Eclipse II products, and eFPGA IP license and professional services; the timing, milestones, and payments related to our government contracts; fluctuations in revenue as a result of product end-of-life; fluctuations in revenue as a result of the stage in the product life cycle of our customers’ products; costs of securing access to and availability of adequate manufacturing capacity; levels of inventories; wafer purchase commitments; customer credit terms; the amount and timing of research and development expenditures; the timing of new product introductions; production volumes; product quality; sales and marketing efforts; the value and liquidity of our investment portfolio; changes in operating assets and liabilities; the ability to obtain or renew debt financing and to remain in compliance with the terms of existing credit facilities; the ability to raise funds from the sale of equity in the company; the issuance and exercise of stock options and participation in our employee stock purchase plan; and other factors related to the uncertainties of the industry and global economics.

Over the longer term, we anticipate that sales generated from our new product offerings, existing cash and cash equivalents, together with financial resources from our Revolving Facility with Heritage Bank, assuming renewal of the Revolving Facility or us entering into a new debt agreement with an alternative lender prior to the expiration of the revolving line of credit in December 2025, and our ability to raise additional capital in the public capital markets will be sufficient to satisfy our operations and capital expenditures. However, we cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital, if required, or that such capital will be available on terms acceptable to us. The inability to generate sufficient sales from our new product offerings and/or raise additional capital if needed could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition, including our ability to maintain compliance with our lender’s financial covenants.

As of September 29, 2024, most of our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were invested in a money market account at Heritage Bank. As of September 29, 2024, our interest-bearing debt consisted of $3.1 million outstanding under notes payable and $20.0 million outstanding under our Revolving Facility. See Note 7, Debt Obligations, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more details.

Cash balances held at our foreign subsidiaries were approximately $0.1 million as of September 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Earnings from our foreign subsidiaries are currently deemed to be indefinitely reinvested. We do not expect such reinvestment to affect our liquidity and capital resources, and we continually evaluate our liquidity needs and ability to meet global cash requirements as a part of our overall capital deployment strategy. Factors that affect our global capital deployment strategy include anticipated cash flows, the ability to repatriate cash in a tax-efficient manner, funding requirements for operations and investment activities, acquisitions and divestitures, and capital market conditions.

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In summary, our cash flows were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 29, |  |  | October 1, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | $ | (89 | ) |  | $ | (191 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | (4,961 | ) |  |  | (2,445 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  | 2,808 |  |  |  | 2,060 |

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

For the nine months ended September 29, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $0.1 million, which was primarily due to the net loss of $3.5 million, adjusted for net non-cash charges of $6.5 million, which included $3.7 million of stock-based compensation, $2.6 million in depreciation and amortization expenses, and $0.2 million in ROU asset amortization expenses. Cash outflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities was approximately $3.1 million and was primarily due to decreases in accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and deferred revenues, partially offset by a decrease in contract assets and accounts receivable.

For the nine months ended October 1, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $0.2 million, which was primarily due to the net loss of $2.3 million, adjusted for net non-cash charges of $4.0 million, which included $1.9 million of stock-based compensation, $1.2 million in depreciation and amortization expenses, $0.6 million in write-downs of inventories, and $0.3 million in ROU asset amortization expenses. Cash outflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities was approximately $1.9 million and was primarily due to increases in contract assets and other assets and decreases in accounts payable and lease liabilities, partially offset by decreases in accounts receivable and increases in accrued liabilities.

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

For the nine months ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023 cash used in investing activities was $5.0 million and $2.4 million, respectively, which were primarily attributable to the capital expenditures relating to licensed software, capitalized internal-use software, and purchase of specialized semiconductor tooling, which was capitalized.

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Cash flows from financing activities include the draw-downs and repayments of our line of credit. For the quarters ended September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, these draw-downs and repayments netted to zero.

For the nine months ended September 29, 2024, cash provided by financing activities was $2.8 million, which was primarily derived from the net proceeds of $3.7 million from the common stock issuance, partially offset by $0.9 million in payments related to financing arrangements.

For the nine months ended October 1, 2023, cash provided by financing activities was $2.1 million and was primarily derived from the net proceeds of $2.4 million from the common stock issuances and borrowings of notes payable of $0.1 million, partially offset by $0.5 million in payments related to financing arrangements.

Part I. Financial Information (continued)

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not maintain any off-balance sheet partnerships, arrangements, or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or others, often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which are established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Not Applicable.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on management's evaluation as of September 29, 2024, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) were effective at the reasonable assurance level to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and regulations and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors and fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

None.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 27, 2024, which includes a detailed discussion of our risk factors at Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, which discussion is hereby incorporated by reference into this Part II, Item 1A.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 5. Other Information

Insider Trading Arrangements

For the three months ended September 29, 2024, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" (as those terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

Item 6. Exhibits

a. Exhibits The following Exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference into this report:

| Exhibit Number |  | Description
| 31.1 |  | Certification of Brian C. Faith, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
| 31.2 |  | Certification of Elias Nadar, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
| 32.1 |  | Certification of Brian C. Faith, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
| 32.2 |  | Certification of Elias Nadar, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
| 101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
| 101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
| 101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
| 101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
| 101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
| 101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
| 104 |  | The cover page from the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 29, 2024, has been formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | QUICKLOGIC CORPORATION
|  | /s/ Elias Nader
Date: | November 13, 2024 | Elias Nader
|  | Chief Financial Officer, and Senior Vice-President, Finance

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