EX-10.3 3 advm-20250630xexx103.htm EX-10.3
Exhibit 10.3
SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT
This Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of August 11, 2025, between Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the several purchasers identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its respective successors and assigns, a “Purchaser”).
WHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, wishes to purchase from the Company, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock (as defined below) and/or the Warrants (as defined below), in each case, as set forth below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement.
WHEREAS, contemporaneously with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Purchasers and the Company are executing and delivering a Registration Rights Agreement (as defined below), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company will agree to provide certain registration rights with respect to the Shares (as defined below) and the Warrant Shares (as defined below) under the Securities Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and applicable state securities laws and certain information and consent rights.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree, severally and not jointly, as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:
“Acquiring Person” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.5.
“Action” means any action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, arbitration, complaint, proceeding (including any partial proceeding such as a deposition) or investigation pending or, to the Company’s Knowledge, threatened in writing against the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties or any officer, director or employee of the Company or any Subsidiary acting in his or her capacity as an officer, director or employee before or by any federal, state, county, local or foreign court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency, regulatory authority, stock market, stock exchange or trading facility.
“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

“Agreement” has the meaning ascribed to such term in the preamble.
“Anti-Money Laundering Laws” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(t).
“Attribution Parties” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.
“Applicable Laws” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(o).
“Authorizations” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(o).
“Beneficial Ownership Limitation” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.
“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed.
“Bylaws” means the Company’s Bylaws as amended and restated and as in effect on the date hereof.
“Certificate of Incorporation” means the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended and restated and as in effect on the date hereof.
“Closing” means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.
“Closing Date” means August 12, 2025 or such other date as mutually agreed by the Company and the Purchasers.
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
“Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.
“Company” has the meaning ascribed to such term in the preamble.
“Company Counsel” means Cooley LLP, with offices located at 55 Hudson Yards, New York, NY 10001-2157.
“Company Intellectual Property Rights” means any and all Intellectual Property Rights owned or purported to be owned by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
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“Company’s Knowledge” or “Knowledge of the Company” means with respect to any statement made to the knowledge of the Company, that the statement is based upon the actual knowledge of the executive officers of the Company.
“Default” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(i).
“Disqualification Event” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(nn).
“Environmental Claims” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(x).
“Environmental Laws” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(x).
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Exchange Act Rules” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(v).
“Existing Instrument” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(i).
“FCPA” means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
“FDA” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(o).
“FINRA” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(i).
“GAAP” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).
“GDPR” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(cc).
“Governmental Entity” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(o).
“HIPAA” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(cc).
“HITECH Act” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(cc).
“Intellectual Property Assets” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(y).
“Intellectual Property Rights” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(y).
“Investment Company Act” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(m).
“Issuer Covered Person” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(nn).
“IT Systems and Data” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(dd).
“Legend Removal Date” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.1(c).
“Material Adverse Change” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(d).
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“Materials of Environmental Concern” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(x).
“Nasdaq” means Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc.
“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Per Share Purchase Price” means $2.24, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date, provided that the purchase price per Warrant shall be the Per Share Purchase Price minus $0.0001.
“Personal Data” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(cc).
“Policies” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(cc).
“Principal Trading Market” means the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is primarily listed on and quoted for trading, which, as of the date of this Agreement and the Closing Date, shall be the Nasdaq Capital Market.
“Privacy Laws” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(cc).
“Proceeding” means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened in writing.
“Purchaser” has the meaning ascribed to such term in the preamble.
“Purchaser Party” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.4(b).
“Registration Rights Agreement” means the Registration Rights Agreement, dated on or about the date hereof, among the Company and the Purchasers, in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.
“Registration Statement” or “Registration Statements” means the registration statement(s) meeting the requirements set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement and covering the resale of the Shares and the Warrant Shares by the Purchasers as provided for in the Registration Rights Agreement.
“Required Minimum” means, as of any date, the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock potentially issuable in the future pursuant to the Transaction Documents, including any Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise in full of all Warrants ignoring any exercise limits set forth therein and the effect of potential future adjustments to the Exercise Price.
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“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.
“Sanctions” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(u).
“SEC Reports” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(r).
“Securities” means the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares.
“Securities Act” has the meaning ascribed to such term in the preamble.
“Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.
“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).
“Subscription Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for the Shares and/or Warrants purchased hereunder, in United States dollars and in immediately available funds, as set forth below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement (minus, if applicable, a Purchaser’s aggregate exercise price of the Warrants, which amounts shall be paid as and when such Warrants are exercised for cash).
“Stockholder Claimant” has the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.4(b).
“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth in the SEC Reports, and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.
“Trading Day” means a day on which the Principal Trading Market is open for trading.
“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, the Warrants, the Registration Rights Agreement, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.
“Transfer Agent” means Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
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“Warrants” means pre-funded warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof, in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto.
“Warrant Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.
ARTICLE II
PURCHASE AND SALE
2.1 Closing. On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of all conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly, agree to purchase, the number of Shares and Warrants, as applicable, set forth opposite such Purchaser’s name on the signature page hereto; provided, however, that, to the extent that a Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that such Purchaser (together with such Purchaser’s Affiliates, and any Person acting as a group together with such Purchaser or any of such Purchaser’s Affiliates (including such group itself), any other Person who is a beneficial owner of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates and any other Person whose beneficial ownership would or could be aggregated with the Purchaser and the foregoing Persons, collectively the “Attribution Parties”) would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below), or as such Purchaser may otherwise choose, in lieu of purchasing Shares, such Purchaser may elect to purchase Warrants in lieu of Shares in such manner to result in the same aggregate purchase price being paid by such Purchaser to the Company (minus an amount equal to the Exercise Price (as defined in the Warrants) times the number of Warrants). The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Securities on the Closing Date. The Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Shares and/or Warrants, as applicable, pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction or waiver of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur remotely by mutual exchange of signature pages by electronic means on the Closing Date, or at such other time and place as may be agreed by the Company and the Purchasers. The Shares and the Warrants will be issued in a private placement pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 of the Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
2.2 Deliveries.
(a)On or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:
(i)this Agreement duly executed by the Company;
(ii)subject to Section 2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver uncertificated book entries representing the Shares (and bearing the restrictive securities legend pursuant to Section 4.1) equal to the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser;
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(iii)if applicable, a Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock as set forth below such Purchaser’s name on its signature page hereto, with an exercise price equal to $0.0001, subject to adjustment therein;
(iv)the Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company’s wire instructions;
(v)the Registration Rights Agreement duly executed by the Company;
(vi)a certificate of the Secretary of the Company, dated as of the Closing Date, certifying (i) the Certificate of Incorporation; (ii) the Bylaws; and (iii) resolutions of the Board of Directors (or an authorized committee thereof) approving this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and
(vii)a certificate evidencing the good standing of the Company in Delaware issued by the Secretary of State of Delaware, as of a date within five Business Days of the Closing Date.
(b)On or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, the following:
(i)this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser;
(ii)the Subscription Amount for such Purchaser, by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the account specified by the Company;
(iii)the Registration Rights Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and
(iv)an Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 (or any successor form or applicable Form W-8 in the case of a Purchaser that is not a U.S. person), duly and validly executed by such Purchaser (or its nominee in accordance with the Purchaser’s delivery instructions).
2.3 Closing Conditions.
(a)The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:
(i)the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Change, in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Change, in all respects) as of such date);
(ii)all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Purchasers required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed; and
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(iii)the delivery by the Purchasers of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.
(b)The respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:
(i)the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Change, in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Change, in all respects) as of such date);
(ii)all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date (including, if applicable, pursuant to Section 4.6(c)) shall have been performed;
(iii)the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;
(iv)there shall have been no Material Adverse Change since the date hereof;
(v)from the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company’s Principal Trading Market and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such service, on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of the Purchasers, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing;
(vi)no proceeding challenging this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby, or seeking to prohibit, alter, prevent or materially delay the Closing, shall have been instituted or be pending before any court, arbitrator, governmental body, agency or official; and
(vii)the Company shall have submitted a Nasdaq Notification Form: Listing of Additional Shares for the listing of the Securities issuable pursuant to this Agreement, with no objection raised by Nasdaq to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
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ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to the Purchasers as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date (except for the representations that speak as of a specific date, which shall be made as of such date):
(a)Transaction Documents. Each of the Transaction Documents has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by, and is a valid and binding agreement of, the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnification hereunder may be limited by applicable law and except as the enforcement hereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors or by general equitable principles.
(b)Authorization of the Shares and Warrant Shares. The Shares are duly authorized and, when issued, delivered and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports and for the rights described in the Transaction Documents, the issuance and sale of the Shares by the Company is not subject to preemptive or other similar rights arising by operation of law, under the organizational documents of the Company or under any agreement to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or otherwise. The Warrant Shares will be duly and validly authorized and reserved for issuance and, upon exercise of the Warrants in accordance with their respective terms, including the payment of any Exercise Price therefor, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and will be free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and rights of refusal of any kind, except for restrictions on transfer set forth in the Transaction Documents or imposed by applicable securities laws. Assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers in Section 3.2 hereof, the Warrant Shares will be issued in compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Shares and Warrant Shares.
(c)No Applicable Registration or Other Similar Rights. Other than the Purchasers pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, there are no persons with registration or other similar rights to have any equity or debt securities registered for sale under the Registration Statement or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement, except for such rights as have been duly waived.
(d)No Material Adverse Change. Except as otherwise disclosed in the SEC Reports, subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the SEC Reports: (i) there has been no material adverse change, or any development that would reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business, operations or prospects, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, of the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered as one entity (any such change is called a “Material Adverse Change”); (ii) the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered as one entity, have not incurred any material liability or obligation, indirect, direct or contingent, not in the ordinary course of business nor entered into any material
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transaction or agreement not in the ordinary course of business; and (iii) there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company or, except for regular quarterly dividends publicly announced by the Company or dividends paid to the Company or other Subsidiaries, by any of its Subsidiaries on any class of capital stock or repurchase or redemption by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of any class of capital stock.
(e)Independent Accountants. Ernst & Young LLP, who has expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements (which term as used in this Agreement includes the related notes thereto) and supporting schedules filed with the Commission or included in the SEC Reports, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.
(f)Preparation of the Financial Statements. The financial statements filed with the Commission as a part of or included in the SEC Reports present fairly the consolidated financial position of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of and at the dates indicated and the results of their operations and cash flows for the periods specified. The supporting schedules included in the SEC Reports present fairly the information required to be stated therein. Such financial statements and supporting schedules have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be expressly stated in the related notes thereto. No other financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included in the SEC Reports.
(g)Incorporation and Good Standing of the Company and its Subsidiaries. T he Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and has corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the SEC Reports and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and to consummate the transactions contemplated herein and therein. Each material Subsidiary has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation or other business entity in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization and has the requisite power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the SEC Reports. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign corporation or foreign partnership to transact business and is in good standing in the jurisdictions in which its business is carried on and each other jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except for such jurisdictions where the failure to so qualify or to be in good standing would not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change. Except as described in the SEC Reports, all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of the Subsidiaries have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and are owned by the Company free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance or claim. The Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity other than (i) the subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the most recently ended fiscal year, (ii) those subsidiaries not required to be listed in Exhibit 21.1 by Item 601 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act and (iii) those subsidiaries formed since the last day of the most recently ended fiscal year.
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(h)Capital Stock Matters. The Company’s disclosure of its issued and outstanding Common Stock in its most recent SEC Report containing such disclosure was accurate in all material respects as of the date indicated in such SEC Report. All of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance with federal and state securities laws. None of the outstanding shares of Common Stock were issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company. There are no authorized or outstanding options, warrants, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other rights to purchase, or equity or debt securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries other than those accurately described in all material respects in the SEC Reports. The description of the Company’s stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or other rights granted thereunder, set forth in the SEC Reports accurately and fairly presents in all material respects the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights.
(i)Non-Contravention of Existing Instruments; No Further Authorizations or Approvals Required. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of its charter or by-laws or is in default (or, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, would be in default) (“Default”) under any indenture, mortgage, loan or credit agreement, note, contract, franchise, lease or other instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which it or any of them may be bound, or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is subject (each, an “Existing Instrument”), except for such Defaults as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. The Company’s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (i) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and will not result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws of the Company or any Subsidiary, (ii) will not conflict with or constitute a breach of, or Default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to, or require the consent of any other party to, any Existing Instrument, except for such conflicts, breaches, Defaults, liens, charges or encumbrances as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change and (iii) will not result in any violation of any law, administrative regulation or administrative or court decree applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary, except for such violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. No consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration or filing with, any court or other governmental or regulatory authority or agency, is required for the Company’s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except such as have been obtained or made by the Company and are in full force and effect under the Securities Act, applicable state securities or blue sky laws and from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”).
(j)No Material Actions or Proceedings. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, there are no legal or governmental actions, suits or proceedings pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened (i) against or affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) which has as the subject thereof any officer or director of, or property owned or
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leased by, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (iii) relating to environmental or discrimination matters, where in any such case (A) there is a reasonable possibility that such action, suit or proceeding might be determined adversely to the Company or such Subsidiary and (B) any such action, suit or proceeding, if so determined adversely, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change or adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to the Company’s knowledge, is threatened or imminent.
(k)All Necessary Permits, etc. The Company and each Subsidiary possess such valid and current certificates, authorizations or permits issued by the appropriate state, federal or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies necessary to conduct their respective businesses, other than those the failure to possess or own would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of, or non-compliance with, any such certificate, authorization or permit which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.
(l)Tax Law Compliance. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries have filed all necessary federal, state and foreign income, property and franchise tax returns (or have properly requested extensions thereof) and, subject to any permitted extensions, have paid all taxes required to be paid by any of them and, if due and payable, any related or similar assessment, fine or penalty levied against any of them except as may be being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings, except which, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. The Company has made adequate charges, accruals and reserves in the applicable financial statements referred to in Section 3.1(f) above in respect of all federal, state and foreign income, property and franchise taxes for all periods as to which the tax liability of the Company or any of its consolidated subsidiaries has not been finally determined.
(m)Company Not an “Investment Company”. The Company has been advised of the rules and requirements under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). The Company is not, and following the consummation of the transaction contemplated by this Agreement will not be, an “investment company” within the meaning of Investment Company Act.
(n)Insurance. Except as otherwise described in the SEC Reports, each of the Company and its Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility with policies in such amounts and with such deductibles and covering such risks as are generally deemed prudent and customary for their businesses as described in the SEC Reports. The Company has no reason to believe that it or any Subsidiary will not be able (i) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (ii) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.
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(o)Regulatory Matters. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, and except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change, (i) the Company is and has been in compliance with statutes, laws, ordinances, rules and regulations applicable to the Company for the ownership, testing, development, manufacture, packaging, processing, use, labeling, storage, or disposal of any product manufactured by or on behalf of the Company including without limitation, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. § 301, et seq., similar laws of any national, federal, state, county, municipal, local or foreign government, or any political subdivision, court, body, agency or regulatory authority thereof, and any Person exercising executive, legislative, judicial, regulatory, taxing or administrative functions of or pertaining to any of the foregoing (individually, a “Governmental Entity”) and the regulations promulgated pursuant to such laws (collectively, “Applicable Laws”); (ii) the Company possesses all licenses, certificates, approvals, authorizations, permits and supplements or amendments thereto required by any such Applicable Laws and/or for the ownership of its properties or the conduct of its business as described in the SEC Reports (collectively, “Authorizations”) and, to its knowledge, such Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect; (iii) the Company and, to its knowledge, its contractors have not received any written notice of adverse finding, warning letter or other written correspondence or notice from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or any other Governmental Entity alleging or asserting noncompliance with any Applicable Laws or Authorizations; (iv) the Company has not received written notice of any ongoing claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any Governmental Entity or third party alleging that any product, operation or activity is in violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations or has any knowledge that any such Governmental Entity or third party is considering any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation or proceeding, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, has there been any noncompliance with or violation of any Applicable Laws by the Company that would reasonably be expected to require the issuance of any such notice or result in an investigation, corrective action, or enforcement action by the FDA or similar Governmental Entity; (v) the Company has not received written notice that any Governmental Entity has taken, is taking or intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any Authorizations or has any knowledge that any such Governmental Entity has threatened or is considering such action; and (vi) the Company has filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and that all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were complete, correct and not misleading on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission). Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its directors, officers, employees or agents, has made, or caused the making of, any false statements on, or material omissions from, any other records or documentation prepared or maintained to comply with the requirements of the FDA or any other Governmental Entity.
(p)Clinical Trials. The clinical trials and other studies conducted by the Company, or to the knowledge of the Company, by its collaborators or contractors on behalf of the Company, have been and, if still pending, are being conducted in all material respects pursuant to all Applicable Laws and Authorizations; the descriptions of the results of such clinical trials and other studies contained in the SEC Reports are accurate in all material respects and fairly present the data derived from such clinical trials and other studies; except to the extent disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Company does not have knowledge of any clinical trials or other studies, the results of which reasonably call into question in any material respect the
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research, nonclinical study results or clinical trial results described or referred to in the SEC Reports when viewed in the context in which such results are described; and the Company has not received any written notices or other correspondence from any Governmental Entity requiring the termination, suspension or material modification of any clinical trial or other study conducted by or on behalf of the Company.
(q)Related Party Transactions. Except pursuant to the Transaction Documents, there are no business relationships or related-party transactions involving the Company or any Subsidiary or any other person required to be described in the SEC Reports which have not been described as required under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.
(r)Exchange Act Compliance; SEC Reports. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the twenty-four months preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective filing dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. None of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(s)No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government officials or employees, political parties or campaigns, political party officials, or candidates for political office from corporate funds; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable anti-corruption laws, rules, or regulations of any other jurisdiction in which the Company or any Subsidiary conducts business; or (iv) made any other unlawful bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment to any person.
(t)Compliance with Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with all applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), and the applicable anti-money laundering statutes of jurisdictions where the Company and its Subsidiaries conduct business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Anti-Money Laundering Laws”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority, body or any arbitrator involving the
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Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending, or to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.
(u)Compliance with OFAC.
(i)Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor any director, officer or employee thereof, nor to the Company’s knowledge, any agent, affiliate, representative, or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, is a Person that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is: (i) the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), nor (ii) located, organized, or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of a U.S. government embargo (including, without limitation, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic, the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, the Crimea, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhia Regions of Ukraine, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria).
(ii)The Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the net proceeds from this offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such net proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person: (i) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions, or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of a U.S. government embargo; or (ii) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person.
(iii)For the past five (5) years, the Company and its Subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in, and will not engage in, any direct or indirect dealings or transactions with any Person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions or any country or territory that, at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of a U.S. government embargo.
(v)Company’s Accounting System. The Company maintains a system of “internal control over financial reporting” (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act (the “Exchange Act Rules”)) that complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act and has been designed by the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or under their supervision, to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as described in the SEC Reports, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective. Except as described in the SEC Reports, since the end of the Company’s most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (A) no material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (B) no change in the Company’s
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internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
(w)Disclosure Controls. The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act Rules) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act; such disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management to allow timely decisions regarding disclosures. The Company has conducted evaluations of the effectiveness of their disclosure controls as required by Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act.
(x)Compliance with Environmental Laws. Except as otherwise described in the SEC Reports, and except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change, (i) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any applicable federal, state, local or foreign law or regulation relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata) or wildlife, including without limitation, applicable laws and regulations relating to emissions, discharges, releases or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances, petroleum and petroleum products (collectively, “Materials of Environmental Concern”), or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Materials of Environmental Concern (collectively, “Environmental Laws”), which violation includes, but is not limited to, noncompliance with any permits or other governmental authorizations required for the operation of the business of the Company or its Subsidiaries under applicable Environmental Laws, or noncompliance with the terms and conditions thereof, nor has the Company or any of its Subsidiaries received any written communication, whether from a governmental authority, citizens group, employee or otherwise, that alleges that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any Environmental Law; (ii) there is no claim, action or cause of action filed with a court or governmental authority, no investigation with respect to which the Company has received written notice, and no written notice by any person or entity alleging potential liability for investigatory costs, cleanup costs, governmental responses costs, natural resources damages, property damages, personal injuries, attorneys’ fees or penalties arising out of, based on or resulting from the presence, or release into the environment, of any Material of Environmental Concern at any location owned, leased or operated by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, now or in the past (collectively, “Environmental Claims”), pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any person or entity whose liability for any Environmental Claim the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of law; and (iii) to the Company’s knowledge, there are no past or present actions, activities, circumstances, conditions, events or incidents, including, without limitation, the release, emission, discharge, presence or disposal of any Material of Environmental Concern, that reasonably would result in a violation of any Environmental Law or form the basis of a potential Environmental Claim against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or against any person or entity whose liability for any
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Environmental Claim the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of law.
(y)Intellectual Property. To the knowledge of the Company, the Company and its subsidiaries own or possess the valid right to use all (i) patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark registrations, service marks, service mark registrations, Internet domain name registrations, copyrights, copyright registrations, licenses, trade secret rights (“Intellectual Property Rights”) and (ii) inventions, software, works of authorships, trademarks, service marks, trade names, databases, formulae, know how, Internet domain names and other intellectual property (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary confidential information, systems, or procedures) (collectively, “Intellectual Property Assets”) necessary to conduct their respective businesses as currently conducted, and as proposed to be conducted and described in the Prospectus, in each case, except to the extent the failure to own or possess the rights to use such Intellectual Property Rights and Intellectual Property Assets would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change. The Company and its subsidiaries have not received any opinion from their legal counsel concluding that any activities of their respective businesses infringe, misappropriate, or otherwise violate, valid and enforceable Intellectual Property Rights of any other person, and have not received written notice of any challenge, which is to their knowledge still pending, by any other person to the rights of the Company and its subsidiaries with respect to any Intellectual Property Rights or Intellectual Property Assets owned or used by the Company or its subsidiaries. To the knowledge of the Company, the Company and its subsidiaries’ respective businesses as now conducted do not give rise to any material infringement of, any material misappropriation of, or other material violation of, any valid and enforceable Intellectual Property Rights of any other person. To the knowledge of the Company, all licenses for the use of the Intellectual Property Rights described in the Prospectus are valid, binding upon, and enforceable by or against the parties thereto in accordance to its terms. The Company has complied in all material respects with, and is not in breach nor has received any asserted or threatened claim of material breach of any Intellectual Property license, and the Company has no knowledge of any material breach or anticipated material breach by any other person to any intellectual property license to which the Company is a party. Except as described in the Prospectus, no claim has been made against the Company alleging the infringement by the Company of any patent, trademark, service mark, trade name, copyright, trade secret, license in or other intellectual property right or franchise right of any person. The Company has taken all reasonable steps to protect, maintain and safeguard its Intellectual Property Rights, including the execution of appropriate nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements. The consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not result in the loss or impairment of or payment of any additional amounts with respect to, nor require the consent of any other person in respect of, the Company's right to own, use, or hold for use any of the Intellectual Property Rights as owned, used or held for use in the conduct of the business as currently conducted.
(z)Listing. The Company is subject to and in compliance in all material respects with the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act and is listed on Nasdaq, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or reasonably likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act or delisting the Common Stock from Nasdaq, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or Nasdaq is contemplating terminating such registration or
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listing. The Company has filed an application for listing of the Shares on Nasdaq without objection by Nasdaq; the Company has taken all necessary actions to ensure that, upon and at all times after Nasdaq has completed its review of the listing of the Shares, it will be in compliance with all applicable corporate governance requirements set forth in the Nasdaq’s listing rules that are then in effect.
(aa)No Outstanding Loans or Other Indebtedness. Except as described in the SEC Reports, there are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or guarantees of indebtedness by the Company to or for the benefit of any of the officers or directors of the Company or any of the members of any of them.
(bb)Compliance with Laws. The Company has not been advised, and has no reason to believe, that it and each of its Subsidiaries are not conducting business in compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the jurisdictions in which it is conducting business, except where failure to be so in compliance would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.
(cc)Privacy Laws. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are, and at all prior times were, in material compliance with all applicable data privacy and security laws and regulations, including, without limitation, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”), as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (the “HITECH Act”) (42 U.S.C. Section 17921 et seq.); and the Company and each its Subsidiaries have taken all necessary actions to comply with the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) (EU 2016/679) (collectively, “Privacy Laws”). To ensure compliance with the Privacy Laws, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have in place, comply with, and take appropriate steps reasonably designed to ensure compliance in all material respects with their policies and procedures relating to data privacy and security and the collection, storage, use, disclosure, handling and analysis of Personal Data (the “Policies”). The Company provides accurate notice of its Policies to its customers, employees, third party vendors and representatives. The Policies provide accurate and sufficient notice of the Company’s then-current privacy practices relating to its subject matter and such Policies do not contain any material omissions of the Company’s then-current privacy practices. “Personal Data” means (i) a natural persons’ name, street address, telephone number, email address, photograph, social security number, bank information, or customer or account number; (ii) any information which would qualify as “personally identifying information” under the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended; (iii) Protected Health Information as defined by HIPAA; (iv) “personal data” as defined by GDPR; and (v) any other piece of information that allows the identification of such natural person, or his or her family, or permits the collection or analysis of any data related to an identified person’s health or sexual orientation. None of such disclosures made or contained in any of the Policies have been inaccurate, misleading, deceptive or in violation of any Privacy Laws or Policies in any material respect. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or any other Transaction Documents will not result in a breach of any Privacy Laws or Policies. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, (i) has received notice of any actual or potential liability under or relating to, or actual or potential violation of, any of the Privacy Laws, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice; (ii) is currently
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conducting or paying for, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation or other corrective action pursuant to any Privacy Law; or (iii) is a party to any order, decree, or agreement that imposed any obligation or liability under any Privacy Law.
(dd)IT Systems. (i)(x) There has been no material security breach or attack or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of their respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of them), equipment or technology (“IT Systems and Data”), and (y) the Company and its Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any security breach, attack or compromise to their IT Systems and Data, (ii) the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have complied, and are presently in compliance with, all applicable laws, statutes or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority and all industry guidelines, standards, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification and (iii) the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practice.
(ee)Acknowledgment Regarding Purchaser’s Status. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each Purchaser is acting solely in the capacity of arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby is merely incidental to such Purchaser’s purchase of the Shares and Warrants. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into the Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation by the Company and its representatives and advisors.
(ff)No Aggregated Offering. Neither the Company, nor, to the Company’s Knowledge, any of its affiliates, nor any Person acting on their behalf has, directly or indirectly, at any time within the past six (6) months, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would (i) adversely affect reliance by the Company on Section 4(a)(2) for the exemption from registration for the transactions contemplated hereby or would require registration of the Shares, the Warrants or the Warrant Shares under the Securities Act or (ii) cause this offering of the Shares, Warrants and Warrant Shares to be aggregated with prior offerings by the Company in a manner that would require stockholder approval pursuant to the rules of the Principal Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated. The issuance and sale of the Shares and Warrants hereunder does not contravene the rules and regulations of the Principal Trading Market. Assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers set forth in Section 3.2, the offer and sale of the Shares and Warrants to the Purchasers as contemplated hereby is exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act a nd all applicable state and foreign registration or qualification requirements.
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(gg)DTC Eligibility. The Company, through the Transfer Agent, currently participates in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer (FAST) Program and the Common Stock can be transferred electronically to third parties via the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer (FAST) Program.
(hh)Sarbanes-Oxley. The Company is in compliance in all material respects with all provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, which are applicable to it as of the date hereof.
(ii)Certain Fees. The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to minimize any brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions that are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchaser shall not have any obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section 3.1(ii) that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.
(jj)No Market Manipulation. The Company has not, and to the Company’s Knowledge, no Person acting on its behalf, has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Shares, Warrants or the Warrant Shares, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Shares or Warrants, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company in violation of Regulation M promulgated under the Exchange Act.
(kk)Shell Company Status. The Company is not currently, and has never been, an issuer identified in Rule 144(i)(1) under the Securities Act.
(ll)No Directed Selling Efforts or General Solicitation. Neither the Company nor any Person acting on its behalf has conducted any general solicitation or general advertising in connection with the offer or sale of any of the Shares or Warrants.
(mm)Private Placement. Assuming the accuracy of each of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, no registration under the Securities Act is required for the offer and sale of the Shares and Warrants by the Company to the Purchasers as contemplated hereby.
(nn)No Disqualification Events. With respect to the Shares and Warrants to be offered and sold hereunder in reliance on Rule 506 under the Securities Act, none of the Company, any of its predecessors, any affiliated issuer, any director, executive officer, other officer of the Company participating in the offering hereunder, any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting equity securities, calculated on the basis of voting power, nor any promoter (as that term is defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) connected with the Company in any capacity at the time of sale (each, an “Issuer Covered Person” and, together, “Issuer Covered Persons”) is subject to any of the “Bad Actor” disqualifications described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i) to (viii) under the Securities Act (a
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“Disqualification Event”), except for a Disqualification Event covered by Rule 506(d)(2) or (d)(3). The Company has complied, to the extent applicable, with its disclosure obligations under Rule 506(e), and has furnished to the Purchasers a copy of any disclosures provided thereunder.
(oo)Other Covered Persons. The Company is not aware of any person (other than any Issuer Covered Person) that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of purchasers in connection with the sale of any Shares or Warrants.
(pp)Notice of Disqualification Events. The Company will notify the Purchasers in writing, prior to the Closing Date of (i) any Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person and (ii) any event that would, with the passage of time, reasonably be expected to become a Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person, in each case of which it is aware.
(qq)Form S-3 Eligibility. As of the date of this Agreement and the Closing Date, the Company meets the registration and transaction requirements for use of Form S-3 for the registration of the resale of the Shares and the Warrant Shares.
(rr)Other Agreements. Other than the Registration Rights Agreement, neither the Company nor any Affiliate thereof has entered into any side letter or similar agreement with any Purchaser or any Affiliate thereof in connection with such Purchaser’s direct or indirect investment in the Company.
3.2 Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser hereby, on a several and not joint basis, represents and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate as of such date):
(a)Organization; Authority. Such Purchaser is an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents to which such Purchaser is or will be a party and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which such Purchaser is or will be a party has been or will be duly executed by the Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.
(b)No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Purchaser of this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, and the
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consummation by the Purchaser of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby will not (i) result in a violation of the organizational documents of the Purchaser, (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which the Purchaser is a party, or (iii) result in a violation by such Purchaser of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws) applicable to such Purchaser, except in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for such conflicts, defaults, rights or violations which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the ability of the Purchaser to perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents to which it is a party.
(c)Understandings or Arrangements. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities, and upon exercise of the Warrants, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, as principal for its own account, for investment purposes only, and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business. Such Purchaser understands that the Securities are “restricted securities” and have not been registered under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Securities or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, has no present intention of distributing any of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law (this representation and warranty not limiting the Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement(s) or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).
(d)Purchaser Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on which it exercises any Warrants, it will be either: (i) an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7), (a)(8), (a)(9), (a)(12), or (a)(13) under the Securities Act or (ii) a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities Act. The Purchaser is not a registered broker-dealer registered under Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act, or a member of FINRA or an entity engaged in the business of being a broker-dealer.
(e)Experience of the Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of its decision to purchase Securities pursuant to the Transaction Documents. The Purchaser understands that nothing in this Agreement or any other materials presented by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchaser in connection with the purchase of the Securities constitutes legal, tax or investment advice. The Purchaser has consulted such legal, tax and investment advisors as it, in its sole discretion, has deemed necessary or appropriate in connection with its purchase of the Securities. The Purchaser
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is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.
(f)General Solicitation. Such Purchaser is not purchasing the Securities as a result of any advertisement, article, notice or other communication regarding the Securities published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or presented at any seminar or, to the knowledge of such Purchaser, any other general solicitation or general advertisement. The Purchaser represents that it is not a person of the type described in Section 506(d) of Regulation D under the Securities Act that would disqualify the Company from engaging in a transaction pursuant to Section 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act. Such Purchaser also represents that such Purchaser was contacted regarding the sale of the Securities by the Company (or an authorized agent or representative of the Company) with which such Purchaser had a substantial pre-existing relationship.
(g)[Reserved].
(h)Access to Information. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information about the Company, its Subsidiaries and their respective financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment.
(i)Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has any Affiliate acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser’s representatives, including its officers, directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (including the existence and terms of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to the identification of the availability of, or securing of, available shares to borrow in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.
(j)Brokers and Finders. No Person will have, as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, any valid right, interest or claim against or upon
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the Company or the Purchaser for any commission, fee or other compensation pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding entered into by or on behalf of the Purchaser.
(k)No Governmental Review. The Purchaser understands that no United States federal or state agency or any other government or governmental agency has passed on or made any recommendation or endorsement of the Securities or the fairness or suitability of the investment in the Securities nor have such authorities passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Securities.
(l)Regulation M. The Purchaser is aware that the anti-manipulation rules of Regulation M under the Exchange Act may apply to sales of Common Stock and other activities with respect to the Common Stock by the Purchaser.
(m)Residency. The Purchaser’s offices in which its investment decision with respect to the Securities was made are located at the address immediately below the Purchaser’s name on its signature page hereto.
(n)[Reserved].
(o)[Reserved].
The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect the Purchasers’ right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
ARTICLE IV
OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES
4.1 Transfer Restrictions.
(a)The Securities may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws. In connection with any transfer of Securities other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, to the Company or to an Affiliate of a Purchaser, the Company may require the transferor thereof to provide to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration of such transferred Securities under the Securities Act. Other than a transfer pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, as a condition of transfer, any such transferee shall agree in writing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement and shall have the rights and obligations of the Purchaser under this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement.
(b)The Purchaser agrees to the imprinting, so long as is required by this Section 4.1, of a legend on any of the Securities in the following form:
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[NEITHER] THIS SECURITY [NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS [EXERCISABLE]] HAS [NOT] BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), OR UNDER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES OR BLUE SKY LAWS. THE SECURITIES ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFERABILITY AND RESALE, AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY IS SUBJECT TO THE TRANSFER RESTRICTION SET FORTH HEREIN AND IN THE SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT, DATED AUGUST 11, 2025.
(c)Certificates or book-entry shares representing the Shares and the Warrant Shares shall not be required to contain any legend (including the legend set forth in Section 4.1(b) hereof): (i) while a registration statement (including the Registration Statement(s)) covering the resale of such security is effective under the Securities Act, (ii) following any sale of such Shares or Warrant Shares pursuant to Rule 144, (iii) if such Shares or Warrant Shares are eligible for sale under Rule 144 or (iv) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission). The Company shall take all reasonable actions necessary to cause the removal of any such legend when it is not required in accordance with the foregoing including causing its counsel to issue a legal opinion to the Transfer Agent or the applicable Purchaser promptly if required by the Transfer Agent to effect the removal of the legend hereunder, or if requested by such Purchaser, respectively. If all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the resale of the applicable Warrant Shares, or if such Warrant Shares may be sold under Rule 144 and the Company is then in compliance with the current public information required under Rule 144, or if the Warrant Shares may be sold under Rule 144 without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information required under Rule 144 as to such Warrant Shares and without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or if such legend is not otherwise required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission) then such Warrant Shares shall be issued free of all legends. The Company agrees that following such time as such legend is no longer required under this Section 4.1(c), it will, no later than two (2) Trading Days following the delivery by the Purchaser to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate representing Shares or Warrant Shares (or a request for legend removal, in the case of Securities issued in book-entry form), as applicable, issued with a restrictive legend (such date, the “Legend Removal Date”), together with such other letters of representation as the Company may reasonably request, deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a certificate representing such shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends or an equivalent book-entry position. The Company may not make any notation on its records or give instructions to the Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section 4. Certificates or
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book-entry shares representing Shares or Warrant Shares, as applicable, subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the applicable Purchaser by crediting the account of such Purchaser’s prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System as directed by such Purchaser. The Company shall be responsible for the fees and expenses of its transfer agent, its legal counsel, and DTC fees required in connection with the delivery of unlegended shares in accordance with the foregoing. The Company shall not be responsible for any fees incurred by the Purchasers in connection with the delivery of such unlegended shares.
(d)Each Purchaser agrees with the Company that such Purchaser will sell any Securities pursuant to either the registration requirements of the Securities Act, including any applicable prospectus delivery requirements, or an exemption therefrom, and that if Securities are sold pursuant to a Registration Statement, they will be sold in compliance with the plan of distribution set forth therein, and acknowledges that the removal of the restrictive legend from certificates representing Securities as set forth in this Section 4.1 is predicated upon the Company’s reliance upon this understanding.
4.2 Acknowledgment of Dilution. The Company acknowledges that the issuance of the Warrant Shares may result in dilution of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, which dilution may be substantial under certain market conditions. The Company further acknowledges that its obligations under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, its obligation to issue the Warrant Shares pursuant to the Transaction Documents, are unconditional and absolute and not subject to any right of set off, counterclaim, delay or reduction, regardless of the effect of any such dilution or any claim the Company may have against the applicable Purchaser and regardless of the dilutive effect that such issuance may have on the ownership of the other stockholders of the Company.
4.3 Integration. The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities in a manner that would require the registration under the Securities Act of the sale of the Securities or that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require stockholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless stockholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.
4.4 Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity.
(a)The Company shall, within the time required by the Exchange Act, and no later than 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on August 12, 2025 (“Disclosure Time”), issue a press release or file with the Commission a Current Report on Form 8-K or a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Disclosure Document”), including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, disclosing all material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby. No Purchaser shall issue any press release or otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Following the Disclosure Time, no Purchaser shall be in possession of any material non-public information received from
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the Company nor any other Person acting on its behalf, other than such Purchasers who have expressly consented to the receipt of material non-public information other than in respect of the Agreement. The Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel, in their respective capacities as such, with any information following the date of this Agreement that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes constitutes, material non-public information, except to unless prior thereto such Purchaser has consented to the receipt of such information and agreed with the Company to keep such information confidential.
(b)Without limiting any indemnity in any Transaction Document or existing by operation of law, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of the Purchaser Party (a “Stockholder Claimant”), with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action is solely based upon (i) a material breach of the Purchaser Party’s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents, (ii) any agreements or understandings the Purchaser Party may have with any Stockholder Claimant, (iii) any violations by the Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or (iv) any conduct by the Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct). If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, the Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of the Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel to the Purchaser Party, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of the Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by such Purchaser Party effected without the Company's prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to such Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in
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this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. The indemnification required by this Subsection 4.4(c) shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or are incurred; provided that, if the Purchaser Party is determined by final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction to be not entitled to indemnification, the Purchaser Party shall promptly reimburse the Company for the funds that were advanced.
4.5 Shareholder Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.
4.6 Reservation and Listing of Securities.
(a)The Company shall maintain a reserve from its duly authorized shares of Common Stock for issuance pursuant to the Transaction Documents in such amount as may then be required to fulfill its obligations in full under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation the exercise of the Warrants.
(b)If, on any date, the number of authorized but unissued (and otherwise unreserved) shares of Common Stock is less than the Required Minimum on such date, then the Board of Directors shall use commercially reasonable efforts to amend the Company’s certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock to at least the Required Minimum at such time, as soon as possible and in any event not later than the 75th day after such date, provided that the Company will not be required at any time to authorize a number of shares of Common Stock greater than the maximum remaining number of shares of Common Stock that could possibly be issued after such time pursuant to the Transaction Documents.
(c)The Company shall, if applicable: (i) in the time and manner required by the Principal Trading Market, prepare and file with such Trading Market an additional shares listing application covering a number of shares of Common Stock at least equal to the Required Minimum on the date of such application, (ii) take all steps necessary to cause such shares of Common Stock to be approved for listing or quotation on such Trading Market as soon as possible thereafter, (iii) provide to the Purchasers evidence of such listing or quotation and (iv) maintain the listing or quotation of such Common Stock on any date at least equal to the Required Minimum on such date on such Trading Market or another Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.
4.7 Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser covenants that neither it, nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will
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execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending on the date and such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to Section 4.4. Each Purchaser covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to Section 4.4, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to Section 4.4, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time of the filing of the Disclosure Document pursuant to Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities of the Company to the Company or its Subsidiaries after the date and time the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed pursuant to Section 4.4. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4.7 does not supersede or replace any confidentiality obligations that such Purchaser may have to the Company pursuant to any prior confidentiality agreement entered between such Purchaser and the Company and such confidentiality agreement remains in effect in accordance with its terms.
4.8 Exercise Procedures. The form of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants sets forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to exercise the Warrants. Without limiting the preceding sentence, no ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required in order to exercise the Warrants. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of any Purchaser to exercise its Warrants. The Company shall honor exercise of the Warrants and shall deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.
4.9[Reserved].
(a)[Reserved].
(b)[Reserved].
ARTICLE V
MISCELLANEOUS
5.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by the Company or any Purchaser (with respect to such Purchaser only) if the Closing has not been consummated on or before the fifth (5th) Trading Day following the date hereof; provided, however, that (A) no such termination will (i) affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties), (ii) relieve any party from liability for any willful misconduct or breach of this Agreement, fraud or knowing misrepresentation or omission, or (iii) affect the rights of any other Purchaser hereunder (including the right to terminate if applicable) and (B) the provisions of this Section 5.1 (Termination) and Section 5.2 (Fees and Expenses) shall remain in full force and effect and survive any termination of this Agreement. In the event of termination, the Company shall promptly return the applicable Purchaser’s Subscription Amount to such Purchaser by wire
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transfer of United States dollars in immediately available funds to the account specified by such Purchaser, and any book entries for the Shares and Warrants to be purchased by such Purchaser shall be deemed cancelled.
5.2 Fees and Expenses. Each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, except that the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Purchaser, Latham & Watkins LLP, up to an aggregate amount of $75,000. The Company shall pay all reasonable and documented fees and expenses incurred in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers, including any Transfer Agent fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise notice delivered by any Purchaser, if applicable), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers.
5.3 Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.
5.4 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the e-mail address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile or email attachment at the facsimile number or e-mail address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.
5.5 Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Purchasers holding at least a majority of the Securities sold in the Closing (or, at any time prior to the Closing, by the Company and the Purchasers committing to purchase at least a majority of the Shares to be sold in the Closing) and, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought; provided, that any waiver, modification, supplement or amendment of Article II – related to the purchase and sale, including price, Sections 4.1(c) (legend removal assistance), 4.4 (disclosures), 4.6 (reservation and listing of securities), 5.1 (termination), 5.5 (amendments; waivers) and 5.15 (remedies) shall require a written instrument signed by the Company and each Purchaser. Any amendment effected in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon all Purchasers and any subsequent holder of Securities and the Company.
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5.6 Headings. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.
5.7 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Purchasers (other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom the Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided, that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchaser.”
5.8 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. Without limiting Section 4.4(b), this Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person.
5.9 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding.
5.10 Survival. Subject to the applicable statute of limitations, the representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.
5.11 Execution. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become
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effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.
5.12 Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.
5.13 Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; provided, however, that, in the case of a rescission of an exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any shares of Common Stock subject to any such rescinded exercise notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and the restoration of such Purchaser’s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Purchaser’s Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).
5.14 Replacement of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.
5.15 Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to seek specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.
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5.16 Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.
5.17 Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.
5.18 Construction. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.
5.19 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY.
5.20[Reserved].
(a)[Reserved].
(b)[Reserved].
5.21 Waiver of Conflicts. Each party to this acknowledges that Cooley LLP (“Cooley”) has acted as counsel solely to the Company with respect to this Securities Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby (together, the “Financing”), and has negotiated the terms of the Financing solely on behalf of the Company. Cooley may have, in the past, represented and/or may, now or in the future, represent one or more other parties to this Securities Purchase Agreement and/or their Affiliates in other matters, including matters that are similar, but not substantially related, to the Financing. The applicable rules of professional conduct require that Cooley inform its clients of these representations and obtain their waivers of the conflicts that may arise from such representations. The Company and each other party to this Securities Purchase Agreement hereby (a) acknowledges that such party has been advised about
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such circumstances and has had an opportunity to ask for additional information, (b) acknowledges that, with respect to the Financing, Cooley has represented solely the Company and no other party, and (c) gives its informed consent to Cooley’s representation of the Company in the Financing and Cooley’s representation of other parties to this Securities Purchase Agreement and/or their Affiliates in other matters.
(Signature Pages Follow)
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.

ADVERUM BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. |  | Address for Notice: Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc. 100 Cardinal Way Redwood City, CA 94063
|  |  | Email: aferguson@adverum.com and lrubinstein@adverum.com
By: |  |  |
| Name: |  |
| Title: |  |

With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):
Cooley LLP
55 Hudson Yards
New York, NY 10001-2157
Attention: Jason Kent
Email: jkent@cooley.com
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
SIGNATURE PAGE FOR THE PURCHASER FOLLOWS]
[Signature Page to the Securities Purchase Agreement]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.
___________________________________
By: ________________________________
Name:
Title:

The Purchaser’s investment decision was made by an investment committee of individuals who reside in various states, including: |
Aggregate Subscription Amount: |
Shares of Common Stock: |
Pre-Funded Warrant Shares: |
Per Share Purchase Price of Common Stock and Warrants: |

Address for Notice: With a copy to:
[Signature Page to the Securities Purchase Agreement]

EXHIBIT A
Registration Rights Agreement
[See attached.]

EXHIBIT B
Form of Pre-Funded Warrant
[See attached.]