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NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | FONAR CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS JUNE 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FONAR Corporation, its majority and wholly-owned subsidiaries and partnerships. The operating activities of subsidiaries are included in the accompanying consolidated statements from the date of acquisition. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The most significant estimates relate to receivable allowances, intangible assets, income taxes and related tax asset valuation allowances, useful lives of property and equipment, contingencies, revenue recognition and the assessment of litigation. In addition, healthcare industry reforms and reimbursement practices will continue to impact the Company's operations and the determination of contractual and other allowance estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Inventories Inventories consist of purchased parts, components and supplies, as well as work-in-process, and are stated at the lower of cost, determined on the first-in, first-out method, or market. Property and Equipment Property and equipment procured in the normal course of business is stated at cost. Property and equipment purchased in connection with an acquisition is stated at its estimated fair value, generally based on an appraisal. Property and equipment is being depreciated for financial accounting purposes using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are being amortized over the shorter of the useful life or the remaining lease term. Upon retirement or other disposition of these assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation of these assets are removed from the accounts and the resulting gains or losses are reflected in the results of operations. Expenses for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations. Renewals and betterments are capitalized. Maintenance and repair expenses totaled approximately $1,451,000, $1,116,000 and $1,113,000 for the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The estimated useful lives in years are generally as follows:
Diagnostic equipment |  |  | 5–13 |
Research, development and demonstration equipment |  |  | 3-7 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 2-7 |
Furniture and fixtures |  |  | 3-9 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 2–10 |
Building |  |  | 28 |
Long-Lived Assets The Company periodically assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets, including property and equipment and intangibles, other than goodwill, when there are indications of potential impairment, based on estimates of undiscounted future cash flows. The amount of impairment is calculated by comparing anticipated discounted future cash flows with the carrying value of the related asset. In performing this analysis, management considers such factors as current results, trends, and future prospects, in addition to other economic factors. Deferred Rent Rent expense is recorded on the straight-line method based on the total minimum rent payments required over the term of the lease. The cumulative difference between the lease expense recorded under this method and the contractual lease payment terms is recorded as deferred rent. Other Intangible Assets 1) Capitalized Software Development Costs Capitalization of software development costs begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility. Technological feasibility for the Company’s computer software is generally based upon achievement of a detail program design free of high risk development issues and the completion of research and development on the product hardware in which it is to be used. The establishment of technological feasibility and the ongoing assessment of recoverability of capitalized computer software development costs require considerable judgment by management with respect to certain external factors, including, but not limited to, technological feasibility, anticipated future gross revenue, estimated economic life and changes in software and hardware technology. Prior to reaching technological feasibility those costs are expensed as incurred and included in research and development. Amortization of capitalized software development costs commences when the related products become available for general release to customers. Amortization is provided on a product by product basis. The annual amortization is the greater of the amount computed using (a) the ratio that current gross revenue for a product bears to the total of current and anticipated future gross revenue for that product, or (b) the straight-line method over the remaining estimated economic life of the product. The Company periodically performs reviews of the recoverability of such capitalized software development costs. At the time a determination is made that capitalized amounts are not recoverable, based on the estimated cash flows to be generated from the applicable software, any remaining capitalized amounts are written off. 2) Patents and Copyrights Amortization is calculated on the straight-line basis over 15 years. 3) Non-Competition Agreements The non-competition agreements are being amortized on the straight line basis over the length of the agreement (7 years). 4) Customer Relationships Amortization is calculated on the straight line basis over 20 years. Goodwill Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States require the Company to perform a goodwill impairment test annually and more frequently when negative conditions or a triggering event arises. Impairment of goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level by comparing the reporting unit’s carrying amount, including goodwill to the fair value of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill is considered potentially impaired and a second step is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. Acquired assets and assumed liabilities Pursuant to ASC No. 805-10-25, if the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, but during the allowed measurement period not to exceed one year from the acquisition date, the Company retrospectively adjusts the provisional amounts recognized at the acquisition date by means of adjusting the amount recognized for goodwill. Revenue Recognition Revenue on sales contracts for scanners, included in “product sales” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, is recognized under the percentage-of-completion method in accordance with FASB ASC 605-35, “Revenue Recognition – Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts”. The Company manufactures its scanners under specific contracts that provide for progress payments. Production and installation take approximately three to six months. Revenue on scanner service contracts is recognized on the straight-line method over the related contract period, usually one year. Revenue from product sales (upgrades and supplies) is recognized upon shipment. Revenue under management contracts is recognized based upon contractual agreements for management services rendered by the Company primarily under various long-term agreements with various medical providers (the "PCs"). As of June 30, 2018, the Company has twenty two management agreements of which three are with PC’s owned by Raymond V. Damadian, M.D., Chairman of the Board of FONAR (“the Related medical practices”) and nineteen are with PC’s, which are all located in the state of New York (“the New York PC’s”), owned by two unrelated radiologists. The contractual fees for services rendered to the PCs consists of fixed monthly fees per diagnostic imaging facility ranging from approximately $66,000 to $439,000. All fees are re-negotiable at the anniversary of the agreements and each year thereafter. Revenue under lease contracts is recognized based upon contractual agreements for the leasing of medical equipment primarily under long term contracts to various unrelated PC’s. All fees are re-negotiable at the anniversary of the agreements and each year thereafter. Patient fee revenue, net of contractual allowance and discounts, consist of net patient fees received from insurance companies, third party payors (including federal and state agencies under Medicare and Medicaid programs), hospitals and patients themselves based mainly upon established contractual billing rates, less allowances for contractual adjustments and discounts. Patient fee revenue is recorded in the period in which services are provided. The Company’s patient fee revenues, net of contractual allowances and discounts less the provision for bad debts for the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are summarized in the following table.
|  | For the Year Ended June 30,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Commercial Insurance/ Managed Care |  | $ | 4,729,514 |  |  | $ | 4,904,892 |  |  | $ | 4,659,322 |
Medicare/Medicaid |  |  | 1,233,078 |  |  |  | 1,274,436 |  |  |  | 1,182,552 |
Workers' Compensation/Personal Injury |  |  | 25,358,543 |  |  |  | 23,240,829 |  |  |  | 20,888,856 |
Other |  |  | 7,844,278 |  |  |  | 6,980,443 |  |  |  | 6,255,079 |
Patient Fee Revenue, net of contractual allowances and discounts |  |  | 39,165,413 |  |  |  | 36,400,600 |  |  |  | 32,985,809 |
Provision for Bad Debts |  |  | (17,896,528 | ) |  |  | (16,171,434 | ) |  |  | (14,539,786 | )
Net Patient Fee Revenue |  | $ | 21,268,885 |  |  | $ | 20,229,166 |  |  | $ | 18,446,023 |
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts – Patient Fee The Company provides for medical receivables that could become uncollectible by establishing an allowance for doubtful accounts in order to adjust medical receivables to estimated net realizable value. In evaluating the collectability of medical receivables, the Company considers a number of factors, including the age of the account, historical collection experiences, payor type, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. There are various factors that impact collection trends, such as payor mix, changes in the economy, increased burden on copayments to be made by patients with insurance and business practices related to collection efforts. These factors continuously change and can have an impact on collection trends and the estimation process. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. The costs of equipment that are acquired or constructed for research and development activities, and have alternative future uses (either in research and development, marketing or production), are classified as property and equipment and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense approximated $607,000, $531,000 and $535,000 for the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Shipping Costs The Company’s shipping and handling costs are included in revenue from product sales and the related expense included in costs related to product sales is $9,370, $8,224 and $11,077 for the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Income Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Customer Advances Cash advances and progress payments received on sales orders are reflected as customer advances until such time as revenue recognition occurs. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. In accordance with ASC topic 260-10, “Participating Securities and the Two-Class Method”, the Company used the Two-Class method for calculating basic earnings per share and applied the if converted method in calculating diluted earnings per share for the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution from the exercise or conversion of all dilutive securities into common stock based on the average market price of common shares outstanding during the period. For the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, diluted EPS for common shareholders includes 127,504 shares upon conversion of Class C Common.
|  | June 30, 2018
Basic |  | Total |  | Common Stock |  | Class C Common Stock
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 21,230,802 |  |  | $ | 19,899,823 |  |  | $ | 338,974 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 6,287,510 |  |  |  | 6,287,510 |  |  |  | 382,513 |
Basic income per common share |  | $ | 3.38 |  |  | $ | 3.16 |  |  | $ | 0.89 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,287,510 |  |  |  | 382,513 |
Class C Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  | 127,504 |  |  |  | — |
Total Denominator for diluted earnings per share |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,415,014 |  |  |  | 382,513 |
Diluted income per common share |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3.10 |  |  | $ | 0.89 |
|  | June 30, 2017
Basic |  | Total |  | Common Stock |  | Class C Common Stock
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 19,620,621 |  |  | $ | 18,390,586 |  |  | $ | 313,266 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 6,161,599 |  |  |  | 6,161,599 |  |  |  | 382,513 |
Basic income per common share |  | $ | 3.18 |  |  | $ | 2.98 |  |  | $ | 0.82 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,161,599 |  |  |  | 382,513 |
Class C Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  | 127,504 |  |  |  | — |
Total Denominator for diluted earnings per share |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,289,103 |  |  |  | 382,513 |
Diluted income per common share |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2.92 |  |  | $ | 0.82 |
|  | June 30, 2016
Basic |  | Total |  | Common Stock |  | Class C Common Stock
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 15,724,625 |  |  | $ | 14,702,834 |  |  | $ | 260,230 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 6,050,893 |  |  |  | 6,050,893 |  |  |  | 382,513 |
Basic income per common share |  | $ | 2.60 |  |  | $ | 2.43 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,050,893 |  |  |  | 382,513 |
Class C Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  | 127,504 |  |  |  | — |
Total Denominator for diluted earnings per share |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,178,397 |  |  |  | 382,513 |
Diluted income per common share |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2.38 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all short-term highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Concentration of Credit Risk Cash: The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with various financial institutions, which exceed federally insured limits throughout the year. At June 30, 2018, the Company had cash on deposit of approximately $17,478,000 in excess of federally insured limits of $250,000. Related Parties: Net revenues from related parties accounted for approximately 11%, 11% and 10% of the consolidated net revenues for the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Net management fee receivables from the related party medical practices accounted for approximately 12%, 13% and 12% of the consolidated accounts receivable for the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. See Note 3 regarding the Company’s concentrations in the healthcare industry. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The financial statements include various estimated fair value information at June 30, 2018 and 2017, as required by ASC topic 820, "Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments". Such information, which pertains to the Company's financial instruments, is based on the requirements set forth in that Statement and does not purport to represent the aggregate net fair value to the Company. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value: Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of those instruments. Receivable and accounts payable: The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments. Notes receivable: The carrying amount approximates fair value because the discounted present value of the cash flow generated by the parties approximates the carrying value of the amounts due to the Company. Long-term debt and notes payable: The carrying amounts of debt and notes payable approximate fair value due to the length of the maturities, the interest rates being tied to market indices and/or due to the interest rates not being significantly different from the current market rates available to the Company. All of the Company's financial instruments are held for purposes other than trading. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, (Topic 606). ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize as revenue the amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to be entitled in exchange for goods and services as it transfers control to its customers. It also requires more detailed disclosures to enable users of the financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Company earns revenue from the sale of scanners, maintenance contracts, product upgrades, patient services and management fees. Under the new guidance, the reporting for patient services revenue will be reported differently. All other streams of revenue will not be impacted by the new guidance. The primary change for healthcare providers under the new guidance relates to revenue generated from patient services, with patient responsibility for payment. Under the new guidance, the Company is required to report an implicit price concession (both initially and for the subsequent changes in estimates) as a reduction of revenues as opposed to bad debt expense as a component of operating expenses. The Company will record any changes in expectation of collection amounts due to patient specific events that suggests that the patient no longer has the ability and intent to pay the amount due through the bad debt expense, as that is more indicative of a change in the customer’s credit worthiness as opposed to change in the transaction price. The new standard supersedes most current revenue guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The guidance became effective for the Company on July 1, 2018 and as part of adopting the standard, the Company identified revenue streams of like contracts to allow for ease of implementation. The Company used primarily a portfolio approach to apply the new model to classes of customers with similar characteristics. The impact of adopting the new standard on our total revenue; and income from operations is not material. While the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will impact the presentation of net operating revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and will impact certain disclosures, it will not materially impact our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. There was no cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle recorded related to the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on July 1, 2018. In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350). The amendments in this update simplify the test for goodwill impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the impairment test, which required the entity to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities following the procedure that would be required in determining fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. The amendments in this update are effective for public companies for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We are evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on our Consolidated Financial Statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805); Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The amendments in this update clarify the definition of a business to help companies evaluate whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. The amendments in this update are effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. We are evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on our Consolidated Financial Statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”. This update includes provisions intended to simplify various aspects of accounting for share-based compensation. ASU No. 2016-09 will take effect for public companies for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company has adopted ASU No. 2016-09. Our adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial statements. During February 2016, FAS issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based upon the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Lease with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. The new guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period and is applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the process of assessing the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In July 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-11, “Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory” (“ASU 2015-11”). ASU 2015-11 requires an entity to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured using last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) or the retail inventory method. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company has adopted ASU 2015-11. Our adoption of ASU 2015-11 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial statements. FASB, the Emerging Issues Task Force and the SEC have issued certain other accounting standards, updates, and regulations as of June 30, 2018 that will become effective in subsequent periods; however, management does not believe that any of those updates would have significantly affected our financial accounting measures or disclosures had they been in effect during 2018 or 2017, and it does not believe that any of those pronouncements will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements at the time they become effective. Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. The reclassifications did not have any effect on reported net income for any periods presented.

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