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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NATURE OF BUSINESS

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NATURE OF BUSINESS

Basis of presentation and consolidation

These unaudited consolidated financial statements of CFSB Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company") include the accounts of Colonial Federal Savings Bank (the “Bank”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Beach Street Security Corporation, which was established for the purpose of buying, holding, and selling securities. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation are reflected in these unaudited consolidated financial statements, and all adjustments made are of a normal recurring nature. The results of operations reported for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the entire year or any subsequent interim period. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2023.

Reclassification

Certain amounts in the prior period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Business

The Bank conducts operations from its three full-service banking offices and one limited-service banking office located in Quincy, Holbrook and Weymouth, Massachusetts, all within Norfolk County. The Bank considers its primary lending market area to be Norfolk and Plymouth Counties; however, the Bank occasionally makes loans secured by properties located outside of its primary lending market. The Bank's business consists primarily of taking deposits from the general public and investing those deposits, together with funds generated from operations, in one- to four-family residential real estate loans and, to a lesser extent, multi-family real estate loans, commercial real estate loans, second mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit, consumer loans and construction loans.

Reorganization and Offering

On January 12, 2022, the Bank reorganized from a federally chartered mutual savings bank to a two-tier mutual holding company structure. As part of the reorganization, a mutual holding company (the “MHC”) was formed as a federal corporation, into which all of the current voting rights of the members of the Bank were transferred. As part of the reorganization, the Bank converted to a federal stock savings bank. A stock holding company (the “Holding Company”) was established as a federal corporation and a majority-owned subsidiary of the MHC at all times so long as the MHC remains in existence. Concurrently with the reorganization, the Holding Company offered for sale 43% of its common stock in a stock offering and contributed 2% of its common stock to a charitable foundation established as a part of the reorganization. The remainder of the Holding Company common stock is held by the MHC. The Holding Company offered shares of common stock for sale on a priority basis to depositors of the Bank and the tax qualified employee plans of the Bank. The Company sold 2,804,306 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share for gross offering proceeds of $28.0 million.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan (the "ESOP")

As part of the reorganization and stock offering, the Bank established the Colonial Federal Savings Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan to provide eligible employees of the Bank the opportunity to own Company stock. The ESOP is a tax-qualified retirement plan for the benefit of Bank employees. The ESOP was funded through the purchase of 255,648 shares through a loan from the Company. The cost of shares issued to the ESOP, but not yet allocated to participants, is shown as a reduction of stockholders' equity. The Company records compensation expense

for the ESOP equal to fair market value of shares when they are committed to be released from the suspense account to participants' accounts under the plan.

Stock-based Compensation

The fair value of restricted stock and stock options is determined on the date of grant and amortized as compensation expense with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital over the required service period. Reductions in compensation expense associated with forfeited options are estimated at the date of grant, and this estimated forfeiture rate is adjusted based on actual forfeiture experience. The Black Scholes option-pricing model is used to determine the fair value of the stock options granted.

Earnings Per Share

The following table presents the factors used in the earnings per share calculation:


	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
(Dollars In thousands)	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022			December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Net income (loss)	$	(210	)	$	341		$	(87	)	$	986

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding		6,632,642			6,521,642			6,632,642		$	6,521,642
Less: Average unallocated ESOP shares		(236,874	)		(247,100	)		(238,157	)	$	(248,382	)
Less: Average non-vested restricted shares		(111,000	)		-			(111,000	)	$	-
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate basic earnings per common share		6,284,768			6,274,542			6,283,485			6,273,260
Dilutive effect of share-based compensation		-			-			-			-
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate diluted earnings per common share		6,284,768			6,274,542			6,283,485			6,273,260

Earnings (loss) per common share
Basic	$	(0.03	)	$	0.05		$	(0.01	)	$	0.16
Diluted	$	(0.03	)	$	0.05		$	(0.01	)	$	0.16

Use of estimates

In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the unaudited consolidated balance sheet and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term are the allowance for credit losses and deferred income taxes.

Management believes that the allowance for credit losses was adequate as of December 31, 2023, September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023. While management uses current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance for credit losses may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions or other factors. In addition, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, as an integral part of its examination process, periodically reviews the Bank's allowance for credit losses, and as a result of such reviews, management may have to adjust the allowance for credit losses. However, regulatory agencies are not directly involved in establishing the allowance for credit losses as the process is management's responsibility and any increase or decrease in the allowance is the responsibility of management.

Management believes that the deferred tax provision was adequate as of December 31, 2023, September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740 “Income Taxes,” management uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. If currently available information raises doubt as to the realization of the deferred tax assets, a valuation allowance is established. A valuation allowance that results in additional income tax expense in the period in which it is recognized would negatively affect earnings. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Management exercises significant judgment in evaluating the amount and timing of recognition of the resulting tax assets and liabilities. These judgments require management to make projections of future taxable income. The judgments and estimates management makes in determining the deferred tax assets are inherently subjective and are reviewed on a regular basis as regulatory, economic, or business factors change. Management believes, based upon current facts, that it is more likely than not that there will be sufficient taxable income in future years to realize the federal and state portion of its deferred tax asset.

Recent accounting pronouncements

On July 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurements of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. (See Notes 3 and 4 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for further information).