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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
15.
Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management’s best assessment of estimated current and future taxes to be paid. The Company is subject to income taxes in both the United States and foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment and estimates are required in determining the consolidated income tax expense.

As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. In the second quarter of 2023, the Company assessed all available positive and negative evidence placing the most weight on objectively verifiable information. As such, the Company’s cumulative profit position was given the most weight and, based on estimated future sources of taxable income, the Company determined that the future benefits were more likely than not to be realized and released the valuation allowance against U.S. federal net deferred tax assets. The Company continued to record a valuation allowance against its state net deferred tax assets which is primarily the state of California deferred tax assets.

As of the third quarter of 2023, management considered new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. In the third quarter of 2023, the Company and its industry overall experienced a significant change in outlook. As a result of the significant number of bankruptcies by installers, higher than expected order cancellations and pushouts, slower than expected installation rates, higher inventory levels in the channel and a general slowdown in the macroeconomic environment in the third quarter of 2023, the Company assessed all available positive and negative evidence and determined that its U.S. federal net deferred tax asset is no longer more likely than not realizable and recorded a valuation allowance against its U.S. federal net deferred tax assets. In making this determination, the Company placed the most weight on objectively verifiable information which was the Company’s cumulative loss position. As a result, the Company recorded a tax expense and valuation allowance of $11.1 million on the basis of managements’ reassessment of the amount of its deferred tax assets that were more likely than not to be realized. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has maintained this position.

There was no income tax expense and $11.0 million of income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Income tax expense was $16,000 and $29,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

The effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023 were 0.0% and 27.4%, respectively. The effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and 2023 was 0.0%. The item that had the most significant impact on the difference between the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 21.0% and the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, was the valuation allowance which offset the tax benefit of book losses. The item that had the most significant impact on the difference between the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% and the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was the discrete tax expense of recording valuation allowance against U.S. net deferred tax assets. The item that had the most significant impact on the difference between the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% and the effective tax rate of 0.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was the change in valuation allowance which offset the tax benefit of book losses.