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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. (b) Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management of the Company to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include estimated costs to complete projects and percentage of completion of customer contracts for purposes of revenue recognition. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The current economic environment, particularly the macroeconomic pressures in certain European countries, has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in those estimates and assumptions. (c) Revenue Recognition A performance obligation is the unit of account for revenue recognition. The Company assesses the goods or services promised in a contract with a customer and identifies as a performance obligation either: a) a good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct; or b) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. A contract may contain a single or multiple performance obligations. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contracted transaction price to each performance obligation based upon the relative standalone selling price, which represents the price the Company would sell a promised good or service separately to a customer. The Company determines the standalone selling price based upon the facts and circumstances of each obligated good or service. The majority of the Company’s contracts have no observable standalone selling price since the associated products and services are customized to customer specifications. As such, the standalone selling price generally reflects the Company’s forecast of the total cost to satisfy the performance obligation plus an appropriate profit margin. The nature of the Company’s contracts may give rise to several types of variable considerations, including unpriced change orders and liquidated damages and penalties. Variable consideration can also arise from modifications to the scope of services. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur once the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include such amounts in the transaction price are based largely on our assessment of legal enforceability, performance and any other information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us. ASU 2016-10 provides a practical expedient in ASC 606-10-25-18B that permits presentation of shipping and handling costs, that occur after control of the promised goods or services transfer to the customer, as fulfillment costs rather than evaluating whether the shipping and handling activities are promised services to the customer. The Company adopted this practical expedient. The Company recognizes revenue when or as it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a good or service to a customer, either (1) at a point in time or (2) over time. A good or service is transferred when or as the customer obtains control of it. The evaluation of whether control of each performance obligation is transferred at a point in time or over time is made at contract inception. Input measures such as costs incurred or time elapsed are utilized to assess progress against specific contractual performance obligations for the Company’s services. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the services to be provided. For the Company, the input method using costs incurred or time elapsed best represents the measure of progress against the performance obligations incorporated within the contractual agreements. When the Company’s estimate of total costs to be incurred to satisfy the performance obligations exceed revenue, the Company recognizes the loss immediately. The Company’s contracts are either cost plus or fixed price contracts. Under cost plus contracts, customers are billed for actual expenses incurred plus an agreed-upon fee. Under cost plus contracts, a profit or loss on a project is recognized depending on whether actual costs are more or less than the agreed upon amount. The Company has two types of fixed price contracts, firm fixed price and cost-sharing. Under firm fixed price contracts, the Company receives an agreed-upon amount for providing products and services specified in the contract, a profit or loss is recognized depending on whether actual costs are more or less than the agreed upon amount. Under cost-sharing contracts, the fixed amount agreed upon with the customer is only intended to fund a portion of the costs on a specific project. Under cost sharing contracts, an amount corresponding to the revenue is recorded in cost of revenues, resulting in gross profit on these contracts of zero. The Company’s share of the costs is recorded as product development expense. The Company reports its disaggregation of revenue by contract type since this method best represents the Company’s business. For the twelve-month periods ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, all of the Company’s contracts were classified as firm fixed price. As of April 30, 2020, the Company’s total remaining performance obligations, also referred to as backlog, totaled $1.0 million. The Company expects to recognize approximately 79%, or $0.8 million, of the remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next twelve months. The Company also enters into lease arrangements for its PB3 with certain customers. As of April 30, 2020, the Company has one lease arrangement with 18 months remaining on its term. Revenue related to multiple-element arrangements is allocated to lease and non-lease elements based on their relative standalone selling prices or expected cost plus a margin approach. Lease elements generally include a PB3 and components, while non-lease elements generally include engineering, monitoring and support services. In the lease arrangement, the customer is provided an option to extend the lease term or purchase the leased PB3 at some point during and/or at the end of the lease term. The Company classifies leases as either operating or financing in accordance with the authoritative accounting guidance contained within ASC Topic 842, “Leases”. At inception of the contract, the Company evaluates the lease against the lease classification criteria within ASC Topic 842. If the direct financing or sales-type classification criteria are met, then the lease is accounted for as a finance lease. All others are treated as an operating lease. The Company recognizes revenue from operating lease arrangements generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is presented in Revenues in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The lease income for the twelve months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019 was immaterial. (d) Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Security Agreements Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company invests excess cash in a money market account. The following table summarizes cash and cash equivalents for the years ended April 30, 2020 and 2019:
|  | April 30, 2020 |  |  | April 30, 2019 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Checking and savings accounts |  | $ | 1,551 |  |  | $ | 860 |
Money market account |  |  | 8,451 |  |  |  | 15,800 |
|  | $ | 10,002 |  |  | $ | 16,660 |
Restricted Cash and Security Agreements A portion of the Company’s cash is restricted under the terms of various security agreements. One agreement is between the Company and Barclays Bank. Under this agreement, the cash is on deposit at Barclays Bank and serves as security for letters of credit and bank guarantees that are expected to be issued by Barclays Bank on behalf of OPT LTD, one of the Company’s subsidiaries, under a credit facility established by Barclays Bank for OPT LTD. The credit facility is approximately €0.3 million ($0.4 million) and carries a fee of 1% per annum of the amount of any such obligations issued by Barclays Bank. The credit facility does not have an expiration date but is cancelable at the discretion of the bank. As of April 30, 2020, there were no letters of credit outstanding under this agreement. The other agreements are between the Company and Santander Bank. Cash is on deposit at Santander Bank and serves as security for a letter of credit issued by Santander Bank for the lease of warehouse/office space in Monroe Township, New Jersey. This agreement cannot be extended beyond January 31, 2025 and is cancelable at the discretion of the bank. Santander Bank also issued two letters of credit to subsidiaries of EGP pursuant to the Company’s contracts with EGP. The first letter of credit was issued in the amount of $125,690 that expires in February 2021. The second letter of credit was issued in the amount of $645,467. This second letter of credit will be reduced to $322,734 after achieving certain milestones and to $64,547 after certain additional milestones are achieved. The remaining amount expires in September 2021. The following table summarizes restricted cash for the years ended April 30, 2020 and 2019:
|  | April 30, 2020 |  |  | April 30, 2019 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Barclay’s Bank Agreement |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 344 |
Santander Bank |  |  | 928 |  |  |  | 155 |
|  | $ | 928 |  |  | $ | 499 |
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Statement of Financial Position that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended April 30, 2020 and 2019:
|  | April 30, 2020 |  |  | April 30, 2019 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 10,002 |  |  | $ | 16,660 |
Restricted cash- short term |  |  | 707 |  |  |  | 344 |
Restricted cash- long term |  |  | 221 |  |  |  | 155 |
|  | $ | 10,930 |  |  | $ | 17,159 |
(e) Property and Equipment Property and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives (three to seven years) of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the remaining lease term. Expenses for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Property and equipment is also reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, then an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.
Description |  | Estimated useful life
Equipment |  | 5 - 7 years
Computer equipment & software |  | 3 years
Office furniture & fixtures |  | 3 - 7 years
Equipment under capitalized lease |  | Over the life of the lease
Leasehold improvements |  | Shorter of the estimated useful life or lease term
(f) Foreign Exchange Gains and Losses The Company maintains cash accounts that are denominated in British pound sterling, Euros and Australian dollars. These amounts are included in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Such positions may result in realized and unrealized foreign exchange gains or losses from exchange rate fluctuations, which are included in “Foreign exchange gain/(loss)” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. (g) Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of trade accounts receivable and cash. The Company believes that its credit risk is limited because the Company’s current contracts are with companies with a reliable payment history. The Company invests its excess cash in a money market fund and does not believe that it is exposed to any significant risks related to its cash accounts and money market fund. Cash is also maintained at foreign financial institutions. Cash in foreign financial institutions as of April 30, 2020 was $0.3 million. The table below shows the percentage of the Company’s revenues derived from customers whose revenues accounted for at least 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenues for at least one of the periods indicated:
|  | Twelve months ended April 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Eni S.p.A. |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 54 | %
Premier Oil UK Limited |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 33 | %
EGP |  |  | 72 | % |  |  | 4 | %
Other |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 9 | %
|  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | %
The loss of, or a significant reduction in revenues from a current customer could significantly impact the Company’s financial position or results of operations. The Company does not require its customers to maintain collateral. (h) Warrant Accounting The Company accounts for warrants issued in connection with its public offerings in accordance with the guidance on “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity” in Topic 480 which provides that warrants meeting the classification of a liability award are recorded as a liability at its fair value. The warrant liabilities are subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company recognizes any change in fair value in its consolidated statements of operations within “Gain due to the change in fair value of warrant liabilities”. The Company will continue to adjust the carrying value of the warrants for changes in the estimated fair value until such time as these instruments are exercised or expire. At that time, the liabilities will be reclassified to “Additional paid-in capital”, a component of “Stockholders’ equity” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The warrants issued in connection with the Company’s public offerings in June and July 2016 met the criteria of a liability award and were classified in warrant liabilities. The pre-funded and common warrants issued in the Company’s April 8, 2019 public offering did not meet the criteria to be classified as a liability award and therefore were treated as an equity award. (i) Net Loss per Common Share Basic and diluted net loss per share for all periods presented is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and common stock equivalents outstanding during the period. The pre-funded warrants were determined to be common stock equivalents and have been included in the weighted average number of shares outstanding for calculation of the basic earnings per share number. Due to the Company’s net losses, potentially dilutive securities, consisting of options to purchase shares of common stock, warrants on common stock and unvested restricted stock issued to employees and non-employee directors, were excluded from the diluted loss per share calculation due to their anti-dilutive effect. In computing diluted net loss per share on the Consolidated Statement of Operations, warrants on common stock, options to purchase shares of common stock and unvested restricted stock issued to employees and non-employee directors, totaling 5,564,438 and 5,013,981 for the years ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were excluded from each of the computations as the effect would be anti-dilutive due to the Company’s losses. (j) Share-Based Compensation Costs resulting from all share-based payment transactions are recognized in the consolidated financial statements at their fair values. The aggregate share-based compensation expense recorded in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended April 30, 2020 and 2019 was approximately $0.3 million in each of these years. The following table summarizes share-based compensation related to the Company’s share-based plans by expense category for the years ended April 30, 2020 and 2019:
|  | Twelve months ended April 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Product development |  | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | 29 |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 266 |
Total share-based compensation expense |  | $ | 340 |  |  | $ | 295 |
(k) Deferred Rent On March 31, 2017, the Company signed a 7-year lease for approximately 56,000 square feet in Monroe Township, New Jersey that is being used as warehouse/production space, as well as the Company’s principal offices and corporate headquarters. The lease was classified as an operating lease. Rent payments relating to the Monroe premises are subject to annual increases. The minimum monthly payments will vary over the 7-year term of the lease. The Landlord has provided the Company a tenant improvement allowance in an amount up to, but not exceeding, $137,563 to be applied to the cost of tenant improvement work. The Company recorded lease incentive liability to deferred rent. With the Company’s adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02 on May 1, 2019, the balances in lease incentive liability and deferred rent have been included in the value of the right of use asset. (l) Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards are expected to be recovered, settled or utilized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon examination. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company records interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in selling, general, and administrative expenses, to the extent incurred. (m) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss The functional currency for the Company’s foreign operations is the applicable local currency. The translation from the applicable foreign currencies to U.S. dollars is performed for balance sheet accounts using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and for revenue and expense accounts using an average exchange rate during the period. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from such translation are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity. (n) Recently Issued Accounting Standards In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” which amends the existing guidance on accounting for leases. Topic 842 was further clarified and amended within ASU 2017-13, ASU 2018-01, ASU 2018-10, ASU 2018-11 and ASU 2018-20. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than twelve months or leases that contain a purchase option that is reasonably certain to be exercised. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. ASU 2016-02 was effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. The guidance permits the Company to utilize the package of practical expedients that, upon adoption of Topic 842, allows entities to (1) not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) retain the classification of leases (e.g., operating or finance lease) existing as of the date of adoption and (3) not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. Additionally, the Company elected to exclude short-term leases having initial terms of 12 months or less and recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company adopted Topic 842 on May 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Under this approach, comparative periods presented in the financial statements in which the new lease standard is adopted will continue to be presented in accordance with prior GAAP. The adoption of this standard resulted in the Company recognizing a ROU asset and a lease liability of approximately $1.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and eliminating deferred rent of $39,000 and an unamortized lease incentive receivable of $108,000. Refer to Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure requirements related to the adoption of this standard. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendment in this update replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses on instruments within its scope, including trade receivables. This update is intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses. This ASU is effective for annual periods and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820).” The ASU modifies, removes, and adds several disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 is effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. Early adoption is permitted upon issuance of ASU 2018-13. An entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of ASU 2018-13 and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company is evaluating the effect ASU 2018-13 will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures and has not yet determined the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting at this time. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other — Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40).” The ASU provides for the recognition of an intangible asset for the costs of internal-use software licenses included in a cloud computing arrangement. Costs of arrangements that do not include a software license should be accounted for as a service contract and expensed as incurred. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The ASU permits two methods of adoption: prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption, or retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented. The Company is evaluating the effect ASU 2018-15 will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures and has not yet determined the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting at this time.

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