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Fair Value Measurements | 3 Months Ended
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Jul. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | (14) Fair Value Measurements ASC Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements” states that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value are reported using a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable input and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The following is a description of the three hierarchy levels.
Level 1 | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 | Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 | Inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability.
Disclosure of Fair Values The Company’s financial instruments that are not re-measured at fair value include cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, contract assets and liabilities, deposits, accounts payable, and accrued expenses. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values and are viewed as Level 1 items. The Company’s warrant liabilities represent the only asset or liability classified financial instrument that is measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of the Company’s warrant liabilities (refer to Note 8) is based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model which is based on Level 3 unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions. The assumptions used by the Company are the quoted price of the Company’s common stock in an active market, risk-free interest rate, volatility and expected life, and assumes no dividends. Volatility is based on the actual market activity of the Company’s stock. The expected life is based on the remaining contractual term of the warrants and the risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury Securities with a maturity equivalent to the warrants’ expected life. The fair value on a recurring basis as of July 31, 2020 and April 30, 2020 was near zero. The Company determined the fair value using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
|  | July 31, 2020 |  |  | July 31, 2019 |
Dividend rate |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.0 | %
Risk-free rate |  |  | 0.1 | % |  |  | 1.9 | %
Expected life (years) |  |  | 1.0 - 1.4 |  |  |  | 2.0 - 2.4 |
Expected volatility |  |  | 101.8 | % |  |  | 111.3 | %
Unrealized gains of approximately zero and $6,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were included within “Gain due to change in fair value of warrant liabilities” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Besides the unrealized gain in fair value, there was no other activity to the balances in warrant liabilities during the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Transfers into or out of any hierarchy level are recognized at the end of the reporting period in which the transfers occurred. There were no transfers between any hierarchy levels during each of the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=117815213&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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