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Loans Payable | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2016
Text Block [Abstract] |
Loans Payable | NOTE H –LOANS PAYABLE The Company’s consolidated debt consisted of the following at:
|  | June 30, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |
Note 1 – Monaco 2014 |  | $ | 2,800,000 |  |  | $ | 3,449,631 |
Note 2 – Monaco 2016 |  |  | 1,428,944 |  |  |  | — |
Note 3 – MINOSA |  |  | 14,750,001 |  |  |  | 14,750,001 |
Note 4 – Epsilon |  |  | 2,981,331 |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 21,960,276 |  |  | $ | 18,199,632 |
Note 1 – Monaco 2014 On August 14, 2014, we entered into a Loan Agreement with Monaco Financial, LLC (“Monaco”), a strategic marketing partner, pursuant to which Monaco agreed to lend us up to $10.0 million, the first $5.0 million of which (the “First Tranche”) was advanced upon execution of the Loan Agreement. Subject to the satisfaction of conditions set forth in the Loan Agreement, we had the right to borrow up to an additional $5.0 million in two separate advances of $2.5 million each, which we refer to as the “Second Tranche” and the “Third Tranche.” Each of the three advances is evidenced by separate promissory notes (the “Notes”). The Second Tranche was advanced on October 1, 2014, and the Third Tranche was advanced on December 1, 2014. On December 10, 2015, these promissory notes were amended as part of the asset acquisition agreement with Monaco (See NOTE S in our Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2015). The amendment included the following material changes: (i) $2.2 million of the indebtedness represented by the Notes was extinguished, (ii) $5.0 million of the indebtedness represented by the Notes ceased to bear interest and is only repayable under certain circumstances from certain sources of cash, and (iii) the maturity date on the Notes was extended to December 31, 2017. The outstanding interest-bearing balance of these Notes at June 30, 2016 was $2.8 million. The book carrying value of the Notes was $2.8 million, all of which is classified as long term. The maturity date has been amended to April 1, 2018. See “Loan Modification” below. The indebtedness evidenced by the Notes bears interest at 8.0% percent per year until the first anniversary of the note and 11% per annum from the first anniversary through the maturity date. Principal is payable at the maturity date while interest is payable monthly. As consideration for the Notes, the Company (i) entered into a multi-year agreement in which we granted Monaco an exclusive right to market valuable trade cargo through a marketing joint venture, (ii) assigned to Monaco 100,000 shares of Oceanica Resources S. de. R.L (“Oceanica”) and (iii) granted Monaco an option whereby Monaco may purchase shares of Oceanica held by Odyssey ( the “Share Purchase Option”) at a purchase price which is the lower of (a) $3.15 per share or (b) the price per share of a contemplated equity offering of Oceanica which totals $1.0 million or more in the aggregate. The option may be exercised (i) by conversion of the outstanding principal, (ii) in cash for up to 50% of the initial principal amount of the Note (exercisable until the end of the term of the note) if the Note has been repaid early at the request of Monaco, or (iii) in cash for up to 100% of the initial principal amount of the Note (exercisable until the end of the term of the note) if the Note has been repaid early at the request of the Company. For collateral, we granted the lender a security interest in the proceeds from the sale of valuable trade cargo whenever held, in excess of the proceeds previously pledged under other arrangements, a certain quantity of our Oceanica shares based on the loan balance and certain marine equipment and technology as evidenced by equity in two of our wholly owned subsidiaries. During March 2016, the purchase price of the Share Purchase Option was re-priced to $1.00 per share. See “Loan Modification March 2016” below. Accounting considerations We have accounted for the three Tranches as a financing transaction, wherein the net proceeds that we received were allocated to the financial instruments issued. Prior to making the accounting allocation, we evaluated the First Tranche for proper classification under ASC 480 Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). ASC 815 generally requires the analysis of embedded terms and features that have characteristics of derivatives to be evaluated for bifurcation and separate accounting in instances where their economic risks and characteristics are not clearly and closely related to the risks of the host contract. The material embedded derivative feature consisted of the share purchase option. The share purchase option was not clearly and closely related to the host debt agreement and required bifurcation. Based on the previous conclusions, we allocated the cash proceeds first to the derivative components at their fair values with the residual allocated to the host debt contract, as follows:
|  | T1 Allocation |  |  | T2 Allocation |  |  | T3 Allocation |
Promissory Note |  | $ | 3,918,254 |  |  | $ | 1,937,540 |  |  | $ | 1,909,127 |
Embedded derivative (share purchase option) |  |  | 831,746 |  |  |  | 562,460 |  |  |  | 590,873 |
Common shares of Oceanica |  |  | 250,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 5,000,000 |  |  | $ | 2,500,000 |  |  | $ | 2,500,000 |
No value was assigned to the multi-year exclusive marketing agreement (entered into with Monaco at the same time as the Loan Agreement) because the value attributable to the multi-year exclusive marketing agreement is compensatory in nature. The value of the compensation will be determined when i) the valuable trade cargo is recovered, and ii) the marketing and sales activities are successful. Accordingly, the compensation related to the 5% fee will be a period expense in the period incurred, or when a sale takes place. The assignment to Monaco of 100,000 shares of Oceanica was valued at $250,000 and was included as part of the allocation of proceeds. The financing basis allocated to the Notes is subject to amortization with periodic charges to interest expense using the effective interest method. Amortization of these components included in interest expense during the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to $1,895,263. There is no amortization in 2016. The derivative components are subject to re-measurement to fair value at the end of each reporting period with the change reflected in income. Note 2 – Monaco 2016 In March 2016, Monaco agreed to lend us an additional $1.825 million. These loan proceeds were received in full during the first quarter of 2016. The indebtedness bears interest at 10.0% percent per year. All principal and any unpaid interest is payable on April 1, 2018. The indebtedness is convertible at any time until the maturity date into shares of Oceanica held by us at a conversion price of $1.00 per share. Pursuant to this loan and as security for the indebtedness, Monaco was granted a second position in a security interest in (a) one-half of the indebtedness evidenced by the Amended and Restated Consolidated Note and Guaranty, dated September 25, 2015 (the “ExO Note”), in the original principal amount of $18.0 million, issued by Exploraciones Oceanicas S. de R.L. de C.V. to Oceanica Marine Operations, S.R.L. (“OMO”), and all rights associated therewith (the “OMO Collateral”); and (b) all technology and assets aboard the MV Dorado Discovery and in our possession or control used for offshore exploration, including an ROV system, deep-tow search systems, winches, multi-beam sonar, and other equipment. We unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed all obligations of Odyssey and its subsidiaries to Monaco under this loan agreement. As further consideration for the loan, Monaco was granted an option (the “Option”) to purchase the OMO Collateral. The Option is exercisable at any time before the earlier of (a) the date that is 30 days after the loan is paid in full or (b) the maturity date of the ExO Note, for aggregate consideration of $9.3 million, $1.8 million of which would be paid at the closing of the exercise of the Option, with the balance paid in ten monthly installments of $750,000. Accounting considerations ASC 815 generally requires the analysis of embedded terms and features that have characteristics of derivatives to be evaluated for bifurcation and separate accounting in instances where their economic risks and characteristics are not clearly and closely related to the risks of the host contract. The option to purchase the OMO Collateral is an embedded feature that is not clearly and closely related to the host debt agreement and thus requires bifurcation. However since the option is out of the money, it has no material fair value as of the inception date or at June 30, 2016. The debt agreement did not contain additional any embedded terms or features that have characteristics of derivatives. However, we were required to consider whether the hybrid contract embodied a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”). The calculation of the effective conversion amount did result in a BCF because the effective conversion price was less than the market price on the date of issuance, therefore a BCF of $456,250 was recorded. The BCF represents a debt discount which will be amortized over the life of the loan. For the six months ended June 30, 2016, interest expense related to the discount in the amount of $60,194 was recorded. Loan modification (December 10, 2015) In connection with the Acquisition Agreement entered into with Monaco on December 10, 2015, Monaco agreed to modify certain terms of the loans as partial consideration for the purchase of assets. For the First Tranche ($5,000,000 issued on August 14, 2014), Monaco agreed to cease interest as of December 10, 2015 and reduce the loan balance by (i) the cash or other value received by Monaco from the SS Central America shipwreck project (“SSCA”) or (ii) if the proceeds received by Monaco from the SSCA project are insufficient to pay off the loan balance by December 31, 2017, then Monaco can seek repayment of the remaining outstanding balance on the loan by withholding Odyssey’s 21.25% “additional consideration” in new shipwreck projects performed for Monaco in the future. For the Second Tranche ($2,500,000 issued on October 1, 2014), Monaco agreed to reduce the principal amount by $2,200,000 leaving a new principal balance of $300,000 and extension of maturity to December 31, 2017. For the Third Tranche ($2,500,000 issued on December 1, 2014), Monaco agreed to the extension of maturity to December 31, 2017. On December 10, 2015, the Monaco call option on $10 million of Oceanica shares held by Odyssey was maintained for the full amount of the original loan amount and was extended until December 31, 2017. As further described in NOTE S in our Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, 2015, the Acquisition Agreement was accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring in accordance with ASC 470-60. As a result of the troubled debt restructuring, the carrying values of the remaining Monaco loans were required to be recorded at their undiscounted future cash flow values, which amounted to $3,449,632. No interest expense was to be recorded going forward. Interest payments in the three months ended March 31, 2016 reduced the carrying value. Loan modification (March 2016) In connection with the $1.825 million loan agreement with Monaco in March 2016, the existing $2.8 million notes were modified. Of the $2.8 million existing loans, $1,349,603 is convertible into shares of Oceanica at a fixed conversion price of $1.00 per share while the remaining $1,450,397 is not convertible. Additionally, the modification eliminated Monaco’s option (“share purchase option”) to purchase 3,174,603 shares of Oceanica stock at a price of $3.15 per share. The modification was analyzed under ASC 480 Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) to determine if extinguishment accounting was applicable. Under ASC 470-50-40-10 a modification or an exchange that adds or eliminates a substantive conversion option as of the conversion date is always considered substantial and requires extinguishment accounting. Since this modification added a substantive conversion option, extinguishment accounting is applicable. In accordance with the extinguishment accounting guidance (a) the share purchase option was first marked to its pre-modification fair value, (b) the new debt was recorded at fair value and (c) the old debt and share purchased option was removed. The difference between the fair value of the new debt and the sum of the pre-modification carrying amount of the old debt and the share purchase option’s fair value represented a gain on extinguishment. ASC 470-50-40-2 indicates that debt restructuring with a related party may be in essence a capital transaction and as a result the gain upon extinguishment was recognized in additional paid in capital. We performed the following steps: Step 1: After the share purchase option has been market to its pre-modification fair value, the fair value of the new debt is determined. The fair value of the new debt is as follows:
Monaco loans |  | Loan one |
Forward cash flows: |  |  |  |
Principal |  | $ | 2,800,000 |
Interest |  |  | 559,463 |
Total forward cash flows |  | $ | 3,359,463 |
Present value of forward cash flows |  | $ | 2,554,372 |
Fair value of equity conversion option |  |  | 1,063,487 |
Fair value of debt |  | $ | 3,617,859 |
Significant inputs and results arising from the Binomial Lattice process are as follows for the conversion option that is classified in equity after the modification in March 2016:
Underlying price on valuation date |  | $ | 1.25 |
Contractual conversion rate |  | $ | 1.00 |
Contractual term to maturity |  |  | 1.82 Years |
Implied expected term to maturity |  |  | 1.82 Years |
Market volatility: |  |  |  |
Range of volatilities |  |  | 96.0% - 154.0 | %
Equivalent volatilities |  |  | 120.1 | %
Risk free rates using zero coupon US Treasury Security rates |  |  | 0.29% - 0.68 | %
Equivalent market risk adjusted interest rates |  |  | 0.52 | %
Monaco loans |  | Loan one |
Forward cash flows: |  |  |  |
Face value |  | $ | 2,800,000 |
Fair value |  |  | 3,617,859 |
Difference (premium)* |  | $ | 817,859 |
* | ASC 470-20-25-13 provides that if a convertible debt instrument is issued at a substantial premium, there is a presumption that such premium represents paid in capital. Since the total face amount of the new loans is $2,800,000, we conclude that the $817,859 was substantial and recorded that premium to additional paid-in capital.
Step 2: The old debt and call option are removed with any difference between the fair value of the new debt and the sum of the pre-modification carrying amount of the old debt and the call option’s fair value recognized as a gain or loss upon extinguishment. The allocation is as follows:
|  | Allocation |
Derivative liabilities (share purchase options) |  | $ | 1,456,825 |
Monaco Loan (Old Debt) |  |  | 3,372,844 |
Monaco Loan (New Debt) |  |  | (2,800,000 | )
APIC (Premium) |  |  | (817,859 | )
Difference to APIC* |  | $ | 1,211,810 |
* | The difference between the fair value of the new debt and the sum of the pre-modification carrying amount of the old debt and the share purchase option’s fair value represented a gain on extinguishment. ASC 470-50-40-2 indicates that debt restructuring with a related party may be in essence a capital transaction and as a result the gain upon extinguishment was recognized in additional paid in capital.
Note 3 – MINOSA On March 11, 2015, in connection with a Stock Purchase Agreement (See NOTE I), Minera del Norte, S.A. de C.V. (“MINOSA”) agreed to lend us up to $14.75 million. The entire $14.75 million was loaned in five advances from March 11 through June 30, 2015. The outstanding indebtedness bears interest at 8.0% percent per annum. The Promissory Note was amended on April 10, 2015 and on October 1, 2015 so that, unless otherwise converted as provided in the Note, the adjusted principal balance shall be due and payable in full upon written demand by MINOSA; provided that MINOSA agrees that it shall not demand payment of the adjusted principal balance earlier than the first to occur of: (i) 30 days after the date on which (x) SEMARNAT makes a determination with respect to the current application for the Manifestacion de Impacto Ambiental relating to the Don Diego Project, which determination is other than an approval or (y) Odyssey Marine Enterprises or any of its affiliates withdraws such application without MINOSA’s prior written consent; (ii) termination by Odyssey of the Stock Purchase Agreement, dated March 11, 2015 (the “Purchase Agreement”), among Odyssey, MINOSA, and Penelope Mining, LLC (the “Investor”); (iii) the occurrence of an event of default under the Promissory Note; (iv) December 31, 2015; or (v) if and only if the Investor shall have terminated the Purchase Agreement pursuant to Section 8.1(d)(iii) thereof, March 30, 2016. In connection with the loans, we granted MINOSA an option to purchase our 54% interest in Oceanica for $40.0 million (the “Oceanica Call Option. As of March 11, 2016, the Oceanica Call has expired. Completion of the transaction requires amending the Company’s articles of incorporation to (a) effect a reverse stock split, which was done on February 19, 2016, (b) adjusting the Company’s authorized capitalization, which was also done on February 19, 2016, and (c) establishing a classified board of directors (collectively, the “Amendments”). The Amendments have been or will be set forth in certificates of amendment to the Company’s articles of incorporation filed or to be filed with the Nevada Secretary of State. As collateral for the loan, we granted MINOSA a security interest in the Company’s 54% interest in Oceanica. The outstanding principal balance of this debt at June 30, 2016 was $14.75 million. The maturity date of this note has been amended and is now March 18, 2017. Accounting considerations We have accounted for this transaction as a financing transaction, wherein the net proceeds received were allocated to the financial instruments issued. Prior to making the accounting allocation, we evaluated for proper classification under ASC 480Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”), ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) and ASC 320 Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 320”). This debt agreement did not contain any embedded terms or features that have characteristics of derivatives. The Oceanica Call Option is considered a freestanding financial instrument because it is both (i) legally detachable and (ii) separately exercisable. The Oceanica Call Option did not fall under the guidance of ASC 480. Additionally it did not meet the definition of a derivative under ASC 815 because the option has a fixed value of $40.0 million and does not contain an underlying variable which is indicative of a derivative. This instrument is considered an option contract for a sale of an asset. The guidance applied in this case is ASC 360.20, which provides that in situations when a party lends funds to a seller and is given an option to buy the property at a certain date in the future, the loan shall be recorded at its present value using market interest rates and any excess of the proceeds over that amount credited to an option deposit account. If the option is exercised, the deposit shall be included as part of the sales proceeds; if not exercised, it shall be credited to income in the period in which the option lapses. Based on the previous conclusions, we allocated the cash proceeds first to the debt at its present value using a market rate of 15%, which is management’s estimate of a market rate loan for the Company, with the residual allocated to the Oceanica Call Option, as follows:
|  | Tranche 1 |  |  | Tranche 2 |  |  | Tranche 3 |  |  | Tranche 4 |  |  | Tranche 5 |  |  | Total |
Promissory Note |  | $ | 1,932,759 |  |  | $ | 5,826,341 |  |  | $ | 2,924,172 |  |  | $ | 1,960,089 |  |  | $ | 1,723,491 |  |  | $ | 14,366,852 |
Deferred Income (Oceanica Call Option) |  |  | 67,241 |  |  |  | 173,659 |  |  |  | 75,828 |  |  |  | 39,911 |  |  |  | 26,509 |  |  |  | 383,148 |
Proceeds |  | $ | 2,000,000 |  |  | $ | 6,000,000 |  |  | $ | 3,000,000 |  |  | $ | 2,000,000 |  |  | $ | 1,750,000 |  |  | $ | 14,750,000 |
The option amount of $383,148 represented a debt discount (see NOTE L). This discount has been fully accreted up to face value using the effective interest method. Accrued interest recorded on the note for the six months ended June 30, 2016 amounted to $634,659. Note 4 – Epsilon On March 18, 2016 we entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with Epsilon Acquisitions LLC (“Epsilon”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Epsilon loaned us $3.0 million in two installments of $1.5 million on March 31, 2016 and April 30, 2016. The indebtedness bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum and is due on March 18, 2017. We were also responsible for $50,000 of the lender’s out of pocket costs. This amount is included in the loan balance. The outstanding principal at June 30, 2016 was $3,050,000. In pledge agreements related to the loans, we granted security interests to Epsilon in (a) the 54 million cuotas (a unit of ownership under Panamanian law) of Oceanica Resources S. de R.L. (“Oceanica”) held by our wholly owned subsidiary, Odyssey Marine Enterprises, Ltd. (“OME”), (b) all notes and other receivables from Oceanica and its subsidiary owed to the Odyssey Pledgors, and (c) all of the outstanding equity in OME. Epsilon has the right to convert the outstanding indebtedness into shares of our common stock upon 75 days’ notice to us or upon a merger, consolidation, third party tender offer, or similar transaction relating to us at the conversion price of $5.00 per share, which represents the five-day volume-weighted average price of Odyssey’s common stock for the five trading day period ending on March 17, 2016. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, the conversion price will be reduced to $2.50 per share. Following any conversion of the indebtedness, Penelope Mining LLC (an affiliate of Epsilon) (“Penelope”), may elect to reduce its commitment to purchase preferred stock of Odyssey under the Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2015 (as amended, the “Stock Purchase Agreement”), among Odyssey, Penelope, and Minera del Norte, S.A. de C.V. (“MINOSA”) by the amount of indebtedness converted. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (a) we agreed to waive our rights to terminate the Stock Purchase Agreement in accordance with the terms thereof until December 31, 2016, and (b) MINOSA agreed to extend, until March 18, 2017, the maturity date of the $14.75 million loan extended by MINOSA to OME pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement. The indebtedness may be accelerated upon the occurrence of specified events of default including (a) OME’s failure to pay any amount payable on the date due and payable; (b) OME or we fail to perform or observe any term, covenant, or agreement in the Purchase Agreement or the related documents, subject to a five-day cure period; (c) an event of default or material breach by OME, us or any of our affiliates under any of the other loan documents shall have occurred and all grace periods, if any, applicable thereto shall have expired; (d) the Stock Purchase Agreement shall have been terminated; (e) specified dissolution, liquidation, insolvency, bankruptcy, reorganization, or similar cases or actions are commenced by or against OME or any of its subsidiaries, in specified circumstances unless dismissed or stayed within 60 days; (f) the entry of judgment or award against OME or any of its subsidiaries in excess or $100,000; and (g) a change in control (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) occurs. In connection with the execution and delivery of the Purchase Agreement, we and Epsilon entered into a registration rights agreement pursuant to which we agreed to register new shares of our common stock with a formal registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission upon the conversion of the indebtedness. Accounting considerations We have accounted for this transaction as a financing transaction, wherein the net proceeds received were allocated to the financial instruments issued. Prior to making the accounting allocation, we evaluated for proper classification under ASC 480Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”), ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) and ASC 320 Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 320”). This debt agreement did not contain any embedded terms or features that have characteristics of derivatives. However, we were required to consider whether the hybrid contract embodied a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”). The calculation of the effective conversion amount did result in a BCF because the effective conversion price was less than the Company’s stock price on the date of issuance, therefore a BCF of $96,000 was recorded. The BCF represents a debt discount which will be amortized over the life of the loan. For the six months ended June 30, 2016, interest expense related to the discount in the amount of $27,331 was recorded.

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