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Basis of Presentation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Recent accounting pronouncements

Accounting standards to be

or was

implemented in 2019

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU)

2016-02,

Leases

, which establishes a comprehensive lease standard under GAAP for virtually all industries. The standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right of use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. The standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. We had no leases at the time of adoption of this lease standard.

e entered into

an operating

lease

during the period ended September 30, 2019 as well as one subsequent to this quarter for

which

we w

ill follow the new accounting standard (see NOTE

In July 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update

No. 2017-11,

Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815).

The amendments in Part I of this Update change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. As a result, a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded conversion option) no longer would be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value as a result of the existence of a down round feature. For freestanding equity classified financial instruments, the amendments require entities that present earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with Topic 260 to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic EPS. Convertible instruments with embedded conversion options that have down round features are now subject to the specialized guidance for contingent beneficial conversion features (in Subtopic

470-20,

Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options), including related EPS guidance (in Topic 260). The amendments in Part II of this Update recharacterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. For public business entities, the amendments in Part I of this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. Based on management’s review of this new standard along with the underlying substance of our operations, it did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

Accounting standards not yet adopted

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU

No. 2018-05,

Income Taxes

(Topic 740), Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. The amendments in this update add various SEC paragraphs pursuant to the issuance of SEC Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Act”) (“SAB 118”). The SEC issued SAB 118 to address concerns about reporting entities’ ability to timely comply with the accounting requirements to recognize all of the effects of the Act in the period of enactment. SAB 118 allows a reporting entity to disclose that timely determination of some or all of the income tax effects from the Act are incomplete by the due date of the financial statements and, if possible, to provide a reasonable estimate. The use of reasonable estimates, when needed, have been disclosed in NOTE

of the consolidated financial statements.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, the AICPA and the SEC did not or are not believed by management to have a material effect, if any, on the Company’s financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its

majority owned,

direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, domestic and international. Equity investments in which we exercise significant influence but do not control and of which we are not the primary beneficiary are accounted for using the equity method. All significant inter-company and intra-company transactions and balances have been eliminated. The results of operations attributable to the

non-controlling

interest are presented within equity and net income and are shown separately from the Company’s equity and net income attributable to the Company. Some of the existing inter-company balances, which are eliminated upon consolidation, include features allowing the liability to be converted into equity of a subsidiary, which if exercised, could increase the direct or indirect interest of the Company in the

non-wholly

owned subsidiaries.

Use of Estimates

Management used estimates and assumptions in preparing these consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Those estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported revenues and expenses. Actual results could vary from the estimates that were used.

Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable

In accordance with Topic A.1. in SAB 13 as well as ASU

2019-09,

Revenue from Contracts: Revenue Recognition, marine services and expedition charter revenue is recognized ratably when realized and earned as time passes throughout the contract period as defined by the terms of the agreement. Expenses related to the marine services expedition charter revenue (also referred to as “marine services” revenue) are recorded as incurred and presented under the caption “Operations and research” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Account receivables are based on amounts billed to customers. Generally accepted accounting principles state an estimate is to be made for an allowance for doubtful accounts. We have determined no allowance is currently necessary. If we were to have a recorded allowance, the accounts receivable would be stated net of the recorded allowance.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash include cash on hand and cash in banks. We also consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. We have $10,135 of restricted cash for collateral related to a corporate credit card program.

Long-Lived Assets

Our policy is to recognize impairment losses relating to long-lived assets in accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) topic for Property, Plant and Equipment. Decisions are based on several factors, including, but not limited to, management’s plans for future operations, recent operating results and projected cash flows. Impairment losses are included in depreciation at the time of impairment.

Property and Equipment and Depreciation

Property and equipment is stated at historical cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method at rates based on the assets’ estimated useful lives which are normally between three and thirty years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over their estimated useful lives or lease term, if shorter. Items that may require major overhauls (such as engines or generators) that enhance or extend the useful life of vessel related assets qualify to be capitalized and depreciated over the useful life or remaining life of that asset, whichever was shorter. Certain major repair items required by industry standards to ensure a vessel’s seaworthiness also qualified to be capitalized and depreciated over the period of time until the next scheduled planned major maintenance for that item. All other repairs and maintenance were accounted for under the direct-expensing method and are expensed when incurred.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. In periods when the Company has income, the Company would calculate basic earnings per share using the

two-class

method, if required, pursuant to ASC 260

Earnings Per Share.

The

two-class

method was required effective with the issuance of certain senior convertible notes in the past because these notes qualified as a participating security, giving the holder the right to receive dividends should dividends be declared on common stock. Under the

two-class

method, earnings for a period are allocated on a pro rata basis to the common stockholders and to the holders of convertible notes based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and number of shares that could be issued upon conversion. The Company does not use the

two-class

method in periods when it generates a loss because the holder of the convertible notes does not participate in losses. Currently, we do not have any outstanding convertible notes that qualify as a participating security.

Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that would occur if dilutive securities and other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in our earnings. We use the treasury stock method to compute potential common shares from stock options and warrants and the

if-converted

method to compute potential common shares from preferred stock, convertible notes or other convertible securities. For diluted earnings per share, the Company uses the more dilutive of the

if-converted

method or

two-class

method. When a net loss occurs, potential common shares have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share and such shares are excluded from the diluted EPS calculation.

For the nine-months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the weighted average common shares outstanding

year-to-date

were 9,301,796 and 8,466,909, respectively. For the periods in which net losses occurred, all potential common shares were excluded from diluted EPS because the effect of including such shares would be anti-dilutive.

The potential common shares in the following tables represent potential common shares calculated using the treasury stock method from outstanding options, stock awards and warrants that were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Average market price during the period	$	4.72	$	7.89	$	5.35	$	7.05
In the money potential common shares from options excluded		9,449		14,689		10,984		13,759
In the money potential common shares from warrants excluded		30,507		66,465		41,046		60,084

Potential common shares from out of the money options and warrants were also excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because calculation of the associated potential common shares has an anti-dilutive effect on EPS. The following table lists options and warrants that were excluded from diluted EPS:


	Three Months Ended				Nine-Months Ended
Per share exercise price	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Out of the money options excluded:
$12.48		136,833		136,833		136,833		136,833
$12.84		4,167		4,167		4,167		4,167
$26.40		75,158		75,158		75,158		75,158
Out-of-the-money warrants exclude d:
$ 5.76		196,135		—		196,135		—
$ 7.16		700,000		—		700,000		—
$ 12.00		—		50,000		—		50,000

Total exclude d		1,112,293		266,158		1,112,293		266,158

The weighted average equivalent common shares relating to our unvested restricted stock awards that were excluded from potential common shares in the earning per share calculation due to having an anti-dilutive effect are:

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,
2019

September 30,
2018

September 30,
2019

September 30,
2018

Potential common shares from unvested restricted stock awards excluded from EPS

41,667

132,826

41,667

132,826

The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted net income per share:


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018
Net income (loss)	$	(4,229,833	)	$	(1,309,275	)	$	(8,172,000	)	$	(3,695,592	)

Numerator, basic and diluted net income (loss) available to stockholders	$	(4,229,833	)	$	(1,309,275	)	$	(8,172,000	)	$	(3,695,592	)

Denominator:
Shares used in computation – basic:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		9,456,300			8,466,909			9,301,796			8,466,909

Common shares outstanding for basic		9,456,300			8,466,909			9,301,796			8,466,909

Shares used in computation – diluted:
Common shares outstanding for basic		9,456,300			8,466,909			9,301,796			8,466,909

Shares used in computing diluted net income per share		9,456,300			8,466,909			9,301,796			8,466,909

Net (loss) per share – basic	$	(0.45	)	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.88	)	$	(0.44	)
Net (loss) per share – diluted	$	(0.45	)	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.88	)	$	(0.44	)

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Stock-based Compensation

Our stock-based compensation is recorded in accordance with the guidance in the ASC topic for

Stock-Based Compensation

(See NOTE I).

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments consist of cash, evidence of ownership in an entity, and contracts that both (i) impose on one entity a contractual obligation to deliver cash or another financial instrument to a second entity, or to exchange other financial instruments on potentially unfavorable terms with the second entity, and (ii) conveys to that second entity a contractual right (a) to receive cash or another financial instrument from the first entity, or (b) to exchange other financial instruments on potentially favorable terms with the first entity. Accordingly, our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, derivative financial instruments and loans payable. We carry cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and loans payable at the approximate fair market value, and, accordingly, these estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that we could realize in a current market exchange. We carry derivative financial instruments at fair value as is required under current accounting standards. Redeemable preferred stock has been carried at historical cost and accreted carrying values to estimated redemption values over the term of the financial instrument.

Derivative financial instruments consist of financial instruments or other contracts that contain a notional amount and one or more underlying variables (e.g., interest rate, security price or other variable), require no initial net investment and permit net settlement. Derivative financial instruments may be free-standing or embedded in other financial instruments. Further, derivative financial instruments are initially, and subsequently, measured at fair value and recorded as liabilities or, in rare instances, assets. We generally do not use derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to cash-flow, market or foreign-currency risks. However, we have entered into certain other financial instruments and contracts with features that are either (i) not afforded equity classification, (ii) embody risks not clearly and closely related to host contracts, or (iii) may be

net-cash

settled by the counterparty. As required by ASC 815 –

Derivatives and Hedging

, these instruments are required to be carried as derivative liabilities, at fair value, in our financial statements with changes in fair value reflected in our income.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level

Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level

Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets), or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated with observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs also include

non-binding

market consensus prices that can be corroborated with observable market data, as well as quoted prices that were adjusted for security-specific restrictions.

Level

Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology are significant to the measurement of the fair value of assets or liabilities. Level 3 inputs also include

non-binding

market consensus prices or

non-binding

broker quotes that we were unable to corroborate with observable market data.

Redeemable Preferred Stock

If we issue redeemable preferred stock instruments (or any other redeemable financial instrument), they are initially evaluated for possible classification as a liability in instances where redemption is certain to occur pursuant to ASC 480 –

Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity

. Redeemable preferred stock classified as a liability is recorded and carried at fair value. Redeemable preferred stock that does not, in its entirety, require liability classification is evaluated for embedded features that may require bifurcation and separate classification as derivative liabilities. In all instances, the classification of the redeemable preferred stock host contract that does not require liability classification is evaluated for equity classification or mezzanine classification based upon the nature of the redemption features. Generally, mandatory redemption requirements or any feature that could require cash redemption for matters not within our control, irrespective of probability of the event occurring, requires classification outside of stockholders’ equity. Redeemable preferred stock that is recorded in the mezzanine section is accreted to its redemption value through charges to stockholders’ equity when redemption is probable using the effective interest method. We have no redeemable preferred stock outstanding for the periods presented.

Subsequent Events

We have evaluated subsequent events for recognition or disclosure through the date this Form

10-Q

is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.