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Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Federal Home Loan Banks [Abstract] |
Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) | NOTE 13 – STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY/(DEFICIT) Common Stock On July 10, 2022, we sold an aggregate of 4,939,515 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase up to 4,939,515 shares of our common stock. The net proceeds received from sale, after offering expenses of $1.8 million, were $14.7 million. The shares of common stock and warrants were sold in units, with each unit consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $3.35 per share of common stock. Each unit was sold at a negotiated price of $3.35 per unit. The warrants are exercisable at any time beginning on December 10, 2022, and ending on the close of business on June 10, 2027. On August 21, 2020, we sold an aggregate of 2,553,314 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase up to 1,901,985 shares of our common stock. The net proceeds received from sale, after offering expenses of $0.3 million, of which $0.2 million were withheld to cover fees, were $11.2 million. The shares of common stock and warrants were sold in units, with each unit consisting of one share of common stock and a warrant to purchase up to 0.6 shares of common stock. The purchase price for each unit was $4.543. The warrants have an exercise price of $4.75 per share of common stock and are exercisable at any time during the three-year period commencing six months after issuance. Warrants In conjunction with our sale of shares common stock and warrants on July 10, 2022, as described above, we issued warrants to purchase up to 4,939,515 shares of our common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $3.35 per share and are exercisable at any time beginning on December 10, 2022, and ending on the close of business on June 10, 2027. In conjunction with our sale of shares common stock and warrants on August 21, 2020 as described above, we issued warrants to purchase up to 1,901,985 shares of our common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $4.75 per share and are exercisable at any time during the three-year period commencing six months after the August 21, 2020 sale of our common stock, which is February 21, 2021. Included in the Restated Agreement as described in Note 10 Loans Payable – Litigation Financing, during 2019, we issued a warrant allowing the lender to purchase up to 551,378 shares of our common stock at $3.99. The warrant is contingently exercisable and will become exercisable on the date on which we cease the Subject Claim for any reason other than (i) a full and final arbitral award against the Claimholder or (ii) a full and final monetary settlement of the claims or the date on which Proceeds are deposited into the Escrow Account. The warrant has a five-year life that commences on the date it becomes exercisable. On July 12, 2018, in conjunction with a previous Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement we issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 65,625 shares of common stock in connection with the notes that were issued. These warrants had an expiration date of July 21, 2021, an exercise price of $12.00, and were exercisable to purchase 65,625 shares of our common stock. On July 8, 2019 we entered into a Second Amendment to Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement and Warrant Modification Agreement. As a result, the lenders now hold warrants to purchase an aggregate of 196,135 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $5.756 per share. These warrants are exercisable at any time until July 12, 2024. On August 14, 2020, this loan was modified and extended to July 12, 2021. In conjunction with the extension, the lenders received warrants to purchase an aggregate of 131,996 shares of our common stock at $4.67 per share. These warrants expire on August 14, 2023. Convertible Preferred Stock On March 11, 2015, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with Penelope Mining LLC (the "Investor"), and, solely with respect to certain provisions of the Purchase Agreement, Minera del Norte, S.A. de C.V. (the "Lender"). The Purchase Agreement provides for the Company to issue and sell to the Investor shares of the Company’s preferred stock in the amounts set forth in the following table (numbers have been adjusted for the February 2016 reverse stock split):​​​​​​​
Convertible Preferred Stock |  | Shares |  |  | Price Per Share |  |  | Total Investment |
SeriesAA-1 |  |  | 8,427,004 |  |  | $ | 12.00 |  |  | $ | 101,124,048 |
SeriesAA-2 |  |  | 7,223,145 |  |  | $ | 6.00 |  |  |  | 43,338,870 |
|  |  | 15,650,149 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 144,462,918 |
​​​​​ The Investor’s option to purchase the Series AA-2 shares is subject to the closing price of the Common Stock on the NASDAQ market having been greater than or equal to $15.12 per share for a period of twenty (20) consecutive business days on which the NASDAQ market is open. The closing of the sale and issuance of shares of the Company’s preferred stock to the Investor is subject to certain conditions, including the Company’s receipt of required approvals from the Company’s stockholders, the receipt of regulatory approval, performance by the Company of its obligations under the Stock Purchase Agreement, the listing of the underlying common stock on the NASDAQ Stock Market and the Investor’s satisfaction, in its sole discretion, with the viability of certain undersea mining projects of the Company. This transaction received stockholders’ approval on June 9, 2015. The Purchase Agreement was terminated pursuant to an agreement dated March 3, 2023 (see further details at Note 10 Loans Payable – Minosa 1 and 2). Stock-Based Compensation We have three stock incentive plans. The first is the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan that expired in August 2015. After the expiration of this plan, equity instruments cannot be granted but this plan will continue in effect until all outstanding awards have been exercised in full or are no longer exercisable and all equity instruments have vested or been forfeited. On June 9, 2015, our stockholders approved our 2015 Stock Incentive Plan (the "Plan") that was adopted by our Board of Directors (the "Board") on January 2, 2015, which is the effective date. The Plan expires on the tenth anniversary of the effective date. The Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights. This plan was initially capitalized with 450,000 shares that may be granted. The Plan is intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, which stipulates that the maximum aggregate number of Shares with respect to one or more Awards that may be granted to any one person during any calendar year shall be 83,333, and the maximum aggregate amount of cash that may be paid in cash to any person during any calendar year with respect to one or more Awards payable in cash shall be $2,000,000. The original maximum number of shares that were to be used for Incentive Stock Options ("ISO") under the Plan was 450,000. During our June 2016 stockholders' meeting, the stockholders approved the addition of 200,000 incremental shares to the Plan. With respect to each grant of an ISO to a participant who is not a ten percent stockholder, the exercise price shall not be less than the fair market value of a share on the date the ISO is granted. With respect to each grant of an ISO to a participant who is a ten percent stockholder, the exercise price shall not be less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the fair market value of a share on the date the ISO is granted. If an award is a non-qualified stock option ("NQSO"), the exercise price for each share shall be no less than (1) the minimum price required by applicable state law, or (2) the fair market value of a share on the date the NQSO is granted, whichever price is greatest. Any award intended to meet the performance-based exception must be granted with an exercise price not less than the fair market value of a share determined as of the date of such grant. On March 26, 2019, our Board of Directors adopted and approved the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan"), which was approved by our stockholders on June 3, 2019. The 2019 Plan expires on June 3, 2029. The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights. The 2019 Plan is capitalized with 1.6 million shares that may be granted. During our June 2022 stockholders' meeting, the stockholders approved the addition of 2,400,000 incremental shares to the 2019 Plan. As of December 31, 2022 966,222 options were available to be issued under the 2019 Plan. The 2019 Plan includes the following features: no "evergreen" share reserve, prohibition on liberal share recycling, no repricing permitted without stockholder approval, no stock option reload features, no transfers of awards for value and dividends and dividends equivalent shall accrue and be paid only if and to the extent the common stock underlying the award become vested or payable. Share-based compensation expense recognized during the period is based on the value of the portion of share-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest. As share-based compensation expense recognized in the statement of operations is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it can be reduced for estimated forfeitures. The ASC topic Stock Compensation requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The share-based compensation charged against income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $1,811,551, $1,250,585 and $420,648, respectively. We granted 604,243 stock options to employees on December 9, 2022. We did no t grant stock options to employees or outside directors in 2021 or 2020. The value of the stock options granted was determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, which values options based on the stock price at the grant date, the expected life of the option, the estimated volatility of the stock, the expected dividend payments, and the risk-free interest rate over the life of the option. The options were valued with the following assumptions used for grants issued in the table below. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock as well as other companies operating similar businesses. The expected term (in years) is determined using historical data to estimate option exercise patterns. The expected dividend yield is based on the annualized dividend rate over the vesting period. The risk free interest rate is based on the rate for US Treasury bonds commensurate with the expected term of the granted option.
|  | 2022
Risk free interest rate |  | 3.75%
Expected life |  | 5 years
Expected volatility |  | 83.56%
Expected dividend yield |  | —
Grant-date fair value |  | 2.45
Additionally, on December 8, 2022, we granted 17,105 stock options to a third-party consultant for services rendered. We did no t grant stock options to any third parties in 2021 or 2020. The fair value of each option grant to the third-party consultant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions used for grants issued in the table below.
|  | 2022
Risk free interest rate |  | 3.71%
Expected life |  | 5 years
Expected volatility |  | 83.53%
Expected dividend yield |  | —
Grant-date fair value |  | 2.34
The Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model was developed for estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. Because option valuation models require the use of subjective assumptions, changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value of the options. Our options do not have the characteristics of traded options; therefore, the option valuation models do not necessarily provide a reliable measure of the fair value of our options. Additional information with respect to both plans stock option activity is as follows:
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Life |
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 |  |  | 238,651 |  |  | $ | 15.95 |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |
Cancelled |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 |  |  | 238,651 |  |  | $ | 15.95 |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |
Cancelled |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 238,651 |  |  | $ | 15.95 |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 621,348 |  |  | $ | 3.60 |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |
Cancelled |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 |  |  | 859,999 |  |  | $ | 7.02 |  |  |  | 4.08 |
Options exercisable at December 31, 2020 |  |  | 238,651 |  |  | $ | 15.95 |  |  |  | 3.82 |
Options exercisable at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 238,651 |  |  | $ | 15.95 |  |  |  | 4.82 |
Options exercisable at December 31, 2022 |  |  | 602,591 |  |  | $ | 8.49 |  |  |  | 3.71 |
The aggregate intrinsic values of options exercisable for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $127,605, $55,392 and $98,129, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic values of options outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $202,587, $55,392 and $98,129, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic values of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are $0, $0 and $0, respectively, determined as of the date of the option exercise. Aggregate intrinsic value represents the positive difference between our closing stock price at the end of a respective period and the exercise price multiplied by the number of relative options. The total fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $1,412,087, $0 and $0, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, there was $628,767 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation awards granted to employees related to granted stock options, which have an expected remaining life of 2.06 years. The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2022:
|  | Stock Options Outstanding |  |  |  |
Range of Exercise Prices |  | Number of Shares Outstanding |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life in Years |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
$26.40 - $26.40 |  |  | 75,158 |  |  |  | 1.00 |  |  | $ | 26.40 |
$12.48 - $12.84 |  |  | 141,000 |  |  |  | 2.00 |  |  | $ | 12.49 |
$2.02 - $3.60 |  |  | 643,841 |  |  |  | 4.90 |  |  | $ | 3.57 |
|  |  | 859,999 |  |  |  | 4.08 |  |  | $ | 7.02 |
The estimated fair value of each restricted stock award is calculated using the share price at the date of the grant. A summary of the status of the restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2022 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2022 is presented as follows:
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Unvested at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 276,709 |  |  | $ | 6.54 |
Granted |  |  | 88,328 |  |  | $ | 3.27 |
Vested |  |  | (274,312 | ) |  | $ | 5.17 |
Cancelled |  |  | (45,107 | ) |  | $ | 10.59 |
Unvested at December 31, 2022 |  |  | 45,618 |  |  | $ | 4.46 |
The fair value of restricted stock units vested during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $2,310,598, $1,213,525 and $653,653, respectively. The fair value of unvested restricted stock units remaining at the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is $176,998, $1,438,887 and $1,770,676, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $3.27, $7.05 and $4.00, respectively. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of these restricted stock units at the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are 2.3, 1.1 and 2.0 years, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, there was a total of $203,481 unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock awards. The following table summarizes our common stock warrants outstanding at December 31, 2022:
Common Stock Warrants |  | Exercise Price |  | Termination Date
196,135 |  | $5.76 |  | 07/08/2024
700,000 |  | $7.16 |  | 11/02/2023
551,378 |  | $3.99 |  | **
131,816 |  | $4.67 |  | 08/14/2023
1,873,622 |  | $4.75 |  | 02/25/2024
4,939,515 |  | $3.35 |  | 12/10/2027
8,392,466 |  |  |  |
** A five-year term commences upon the earliest occurrence of either Trigger Date A or Trigger Date B. Trigger Date A is the date on which the Claimholder ceases the Subject Claim for any reason other than (i) a full and final arbitral award against the Claimholder or (ii) a full and final monetary settlement of the claim, see Note 10 Loans Payable – Litigation Financing. Cuota Appreciation Rights On August 4, 2017, the Company’s board of directors (the "Board") adopted the Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. Key Employee Cuota Appreciation Rights (the "Key Employee Plan") and the Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. Nonemployee Director Cuota Appreciation Rights (the "Director Plan" and, together with the Key Employee Plan, the "Cuota Plans"). The Cuota Plans provide for the award of cuota appreciation rights ("CARs") to eligible participants. A "cuota" is a unit of equity interest under Panamanian law, and the value of the CARs will be determined based upon the appreciation, if any, in the value of the cuotas of Oceanica Resources, S. de R.L., a Panamanian sociedad de responsabilidad limitada ("Oceanica"), after the award of such CARs. The Company indirectly holds a majority stake in Oceanica. The Board authorized the award of up to 750,000 CARs under the Key Employee Plan and the award of up to 600,000 CARs under the Director Plan. The terms of any CARs awarded under the Cuota Plans will be set forth in an award agreement between the Company and each participant, and the award agreement will set forth a vesting schedule for the CARs. In general, unvested CARs will be forfeited upon a participant’s separation of service from the Company, and all vested and unvested CARs will be forfeited upon a participant’s separation of service from the Company for "cause" (as defined in the Cuota Plans). Each participant in the Cuota Plans will be entitled to be paid the value of such participant’s CARs upon the occurrence of a "payment event." As used in the Cuota Plans, payment events consist of a change in control of the Company or the date specified in the applicable award agreement and, in the case of the Key Employee Plan, a separation of service without cause and the participant’s continuous employment with the Company until the date specified in the applicable award agreement. The value of CARs liability will be based upon the difference between the basis in the cuotas of Oceanica on the date of the award of the CARs, which is $3.00, and the fair value of the cuotas on the date used for the payment event, in each case as determined by the Board in accordance with the provisions of the Cuota Plans. The fair value of the cuota as of August 31, 2019 was $1.00. There is no active market for Oceanica’s securities, and there was no activity that would have materially changed the valuation at December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022 the 385,580 CARs in the Key Employee Plan expired. At December 31, 2022, there were no vested CARs outstanding and there were no exercisable CARs outstanding related to the Key Employee Plan. At December 31, 2022, there was no liability or associated compensation cost associated with these CARs. The CARs in the Nonemployee Director Plan are utilized as compensation for services, therefore these CARs vest upon grant. During the year ended December 31, 2022 the 292,663 CARs in the Nonemployee Director Plan had expired and, as such, the associated $315,235 liability was written-off and is included as a gain on Cuota Appreciation Rights extinguishment in our consolidated statements of operations. At December 31, 2022 there were no vested and outstanding and there were no exercisable CARs outstanding related to the Nonemployee Director Plan. At December 31, 2022, there was no liability with these CARs.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208762 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (b) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -Subparagraph (c) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496171-112644 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -Subparagraph (b) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496171-112644 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120397183&loc=d3e187085-122770 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 18 -Subparagraph (d) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496189-112644 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (g) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 18 -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496189-112644 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (h) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496171-112644 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 18 -Subparagraph (b) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496189-112644 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 16 -Subparagraph (b) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496180-112644 Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (i) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644 Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e)(1)) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690 Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126731327&loc=SL126733271-114008 + Details
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