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CAPITAL STOCK
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Equity [Abstract]  
CAPITAL STOCK CAPITAL STOCK
Cash dividends
Dividends were declared in 2019 and 2018 as follows:
Dividend per shareDate declaredDate of recordPayment date
$0.0425  March 8, 2018May 1, 2018May 15, 2018
$0.0425  June 28, 2018August 1, 2018August 15, 2018
$0.0425  July 31, 2018November 1, 2018November 15, 2018
$0.0425  November 7, 2018February 1, 2019February 15, 2019
$0.0425  March 12, 2019May 1, 2019May 15, 2019
$0.0425  June 27, 2019August 1, 2019August 15, 2019
$0.0425  August 6, 2019November 1, 2019November 15, 2019
$0.0425  November 7, 2019January 31, 2020February 14, 2020
On March 10, 2020, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.0425 per share payable on May 15, 2020 to shareholders of record on May 1, 2020.
Stock repurchase program
On April 30, 2013, Lifetime’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $10.0 million of the Company’s common stock. The repurchase authorization permits the Company to effect repurchases from time to time through open market purchases and privately negotiated transactions. No shares were repurchased during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.
Preferred stock
The Company is authorized to issue 100 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 2,000,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, none of which has been issued or is outstanding at December 31, 2019.
Long-term incentive plan
The Company’s Amended and Restated 2000 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) provides for the granting of awards of up to 6,187,500 shares of common stock. These shares of the Company’s common stock are available for grants to directors, officers, employees, consultants and service providers and affiliates in the form of stock options or other equity-based awards. The Plan authorizes the Board of Directors of the Company, or a duly appointed committee thereof, to issue incentive stock options, non-qualified options, restricted stock, performance-based awards and other stock-based awards. Options that have been granted under the Plan expire over a range of 5 years to 10 years from the date of grant and vest over a range of up to 4 years from the date of grant. Shares of restricted stock that have been granted under the Plan vest over a range of up to 4 years from the date of grant. Performance-based awards that have been granted under the Plan vest after 3 years based upon the attainment of specified performance goals. As of December 31, 2019, there were 337,230 shares available for the grant of awards under the Plan.
Stock options
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information for the three years ended December 31, 2019, is as follows:
OptionsWeighted-
average
exercise
price		Weighted-
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)		Aggregate
intrinsic
value
Options outstanding at December 31, 20161,775,400  $13.44  
Grants125,750  17.38  
Exercises(300,000) 11.34  
Cancellations(45,700) 16.40  
Expirations(99,250) 20.40  
Options outstanding at December 31, 20171,456,200  13.64  
Grants205,750  13.56  
Exercises(58,000) 4.93  
Cancellations(22,375) 16.95  
Expirations(32,750) 15.50  
Options outstanding at December 31, 20181,548,825  13.87  
Grants296,500  9.21  
Exercises(75,000) 4.28  
Cancellations(19,625) 12.94  
Expirations(242,375) 13.95  
Options outstanding at December 31, 20191,508,325  13.43  4.9$—  
Options exercisable at December 31, 20191,065,422  $14.48  3.1$—  
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their exercisable in-the-money stock options on December 31, 2019. The intrinsic value is calculated for each in-the-money stock option as the difference between the closing price of the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2019 and the exercise price.
The total intrinsic values of those stock options that were exercised in the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. The intrinsic value of a stock option that is exercised is calculated at the date of exercise.
Total unrecognized stock option compensation expense at December 31, 2019, before the effect of income taxes, was $1.1 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years.
The Company values stock options using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model, as well as other available models, was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility and risk-free interest rate. Because the Company’s stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates of the Company’s stock options. The weighted-average per share grant date fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, was $2.77, $4.47 and $6.37, respectively.
The fair values for these stock options were estimated at the dates of grant using the following weighted-average assumptions:
201920182017
Historical volatility35 %34 %39 %
Expected term (years)6.06.06.0
Risk-free interest rate1.82 %2.72 %1.97 %
Expected dividend yield1.80 %1.22 %0.98 %
Restricted Stock
A summary of the Company’s restricted stock activity and related information for the three years ended December 31, 2019 is as follows:
Restricted
Shares		Weighted-
average
grant
date
fair value
Non-vested restricted shares, December 31, 2016161,824  $15.35  
Grants133,352  18.32  
Vested(69,795) 15.39  
Cancellations(6,064) 16.07  
Non-vested restricted shares, December 31, 2017219,317  17.12  
Grants223,884  13.25  
Vested(90,926) 17.14  
Cancellations(25,730) 14.96  
Non-vested restricted shares, December 31, 2018326,545  14.63  
Grants439,747  9.25  
Vested(148,414) 14.54  
Cancellations(24,537) 13.97  
Non-vested restricted shares, December 31, 2019593,341  $10.70  
Total unrecognized compensation expense remaining (in thousands)$4,199  
Weighted-average years expected to be recognized over1.6
The total fair value of restricted stock that vested during the year ended December 31, 2019 was $1.4 million.
Performance shares
Each performance award represents the right to receive up to 150% of the target number of shares of common stock. The number of shares of common stock earned will be determined based on the attainment of specified performance goals at the end of the performance period, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The shares are subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.
A summary of the Company’s performance-based award activity and related information for the three years ended December 31, 2019 is as follows:
Performance -
based
awards (1)
Weighted-
average
grant
date
fair value
Non-vested performance-based awards, December 31, 2016145,962  $15.32  
Grants87,000  18.45  
Cancellations(4,070) 16.52  
Non-vested performance-based awards, December 31, 2017228,892  16.49  
Grants182,300  12.81  
  Vested(58,888) 14.84  
Cancellations(13,017) 15.95  
Non-vested performance-based awards, December 31, 2018339,287  14.82  
Grants158,525  9.19  
Vested(66,761) 15.69  
Cancellations(25,992) 15.44  
Non-vested performance-based awards, December 31, 2019405,059  $12.43  
Total unrecognized compensation expense remaining (in thousands)$1,845  
Weighted-average years expected to be recognized over1.6
(1)Represents the target number of shares to be issued for each performance-based award.
The total fair value of performance-based awards that vested during the year ended December 31, 2019 was $0.6 million.
On March 10, 2020, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors determined the performance goals set forth in the performance-based awards granted in 2017 were attained and 62,215 shares vested.
The Company recorded stock compensation expense as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Stock Compensation Expense Components201920182017
Equity based stock option expense$617  $691  $1,090  
Restricted and performance-based stock awards expense4,404  3,400  2,300  
Stock compensation expense for equity based awards$5,021  $4,091  $3,390  
Liability based stock option expense20  44  —  
Total Stock Compensation Expense$5,041  $4,135  $3,390