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INCOME TAXES
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES
The Company has historically calculated the provision for income taxes during interim reporting periods by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to pre-tax income or loss for the reporting period. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company has used a discrete effective tax rate method to calculate taxes. Management determined that since minimal changes in estimated pre-tax income or loss would result in significant changes in the estimated annual effective tax rate, the historical method would not provide a reliable estimate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
Income tax expense of $3.0 million and benefit of $0.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, represent taxes on both U.S. and foreign earnings at a combined effective income tax provision rate of 3,092.9% and benefit rate of 2.2%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 differs from the federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to non-deductible goodwill impairment and other significant permanent items recorded year-to-date, partially offset by the benefit of losses in foreign jurisdictions.
Income tax benefit of $5.8 million and $8.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, represent taxes on both U.S. and foreign earnings at combined effective income tax benefit rates of 33.6% and 33.8%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 differs from the federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state and local taxes and the impact of non-deductible expenses.
The Company has identified the following jurisdictions as “major” tax jurisdictions: U.S. Federal, California, Massachusetts, Texas and the United Kingdom. The Company’s 2015 U.S. Federal income tax return audit was completed with no assessments. The Company's New York State tax returns for years 2014-2016 remain under audit with no material assessments as of June 30, 2020.
The Company evaluates its tax positions on a quarterly basis and revises its estimates accordingly. There were no material changes to the Company’s uncertain tax positions, interest, or penalties during the three-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted into law and the new legislation contains several key tax provisions, including the five-year net operating loss carryback, an adjusted business interest limitation, and payroll tax deferral. The Company is required to recognize the effect of tax law changes in the period of enactment. The Company has assessed the applicability of the CARES Act and determined there is no material impact to the Company.