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Stock options (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2015
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs, Share-Based Payments [Abstract]  
Computation of Weighted Average Fair Value of Employee Stock Options using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model Assumptions
The fair value of each option granted in 2015 and 2014 was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
 
 
 
2015
 
 
2014
 
Weighted average volatility
 
 
52.2
%
 
 
54.4
%
Expected dividends
 
 
6.7
%
 
 
4.8
%
Expected term (in years)
 
 
5.4
 
 
 
5.6
 
Risk-free interest rate
 
 
1.17
%
 
 
1.31
%
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the year
 
$
1.09
 
 
$
1.83
 
Weighted average fair value of options vested during the year
 
$
4.78
 
 
$
4.24
 
Summary of Status of Options Granted under Stock Option Plans and Changes in Options Outstanding
Additional information regarding all of the Company's outstanding stock options at October 31, 2015 and 2014 and changes in outstanding stock options in 2015 and 2014 follows:
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
Shares or
 
Weighted
 
Shares or
 
Weighted
 
 
 
Price Per
 
Average
 
Price Per
 
Average
 
 
 
Share
 
Exercise Price
 
Share
 
Exercise Price
 
Options outstanding at beginning of year
 
 
1,044,932
 
$
3.27
 
 
988,215
 
$
2.24
 
Options granted
 
 
396,039
 
$
4.21
 
 
328,903
 
$
5.83
 
Options exercised
 
 
(153,837)
 
$
2.12
 
 
(204,683)
 
$
2.80
 
Options forfeited
 
 
(47,034)
 
$
5.11
 
 
(67,503)
 
$
2.10
 
Options outstanding at end of year
 
 
1,240,100
 
$
3.27
 
 
1,044,932
 
$
3.27
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Options exercisable at end of year
 
 
782,648
 
$
3.02
 
 
748,843
 
$
2.38
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Options vested and expected to vest at end of year
 
 
1,233,543
 
$
3.63
 
 
1,040,541
 
$
3.25
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Option price range at end of year
 
 
$0.05 - $6.91
 
 
 
 
 
$0.05 - $6.91
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during year
 
$
363,000
 
 
 
 
$
1,103,000