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Business activities and summary of significant accounting policies | 12 Months Ended
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Oct. 31, 2019
Business activities and summary of significant accounting policies |
Business activities and summary of significant accounting policies | Note 1 - Business activities and summary of significant accounting policies Business activities RF Industries, Ltd., together with its three wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, hereinafter the “Company”), primarily engages in the design, manufacture, and marketing of interconnect products and systems, including coaxial and specialty cables, fiber optic cables and connectors, and electrical and electronic specialty cables. For internal operating and reporting purposes, and for marketing purposes, as of the end of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, the Company classified its operations into the following four divisions/subsidiaries: (i) The RF Connector and Cable Assembly division designs, manufactures and distributes coaxial connectors and cable assemblies that are integrated with coaxial connectors; (ii) Cables Unlimited, Inc., the subsidiary that manufactures custom and standard cable assemblies, complex hybrid fiber optic power solution cables, adapters, and electromechanical wiring harnesses for communication, computer, LAN, automotive and medical equipment; (iii) Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc., the subsidiary that designs and manufacturers cable assemblies and wiring harnesses for blue chip industrial, oilfield, instrumentation and military customers; and (iv) C Enterprises, Inc., the subsidiary that designs and manufactures quality connectivity solutions to telecommunications and data communications distributors. The Cables Unlimited and C Enterprises divisions are Corning Cables Systems CAH Connections SM Gold Program members that are authorized to manufacture fiber optic cable assemblies that are backed by Corning Cables Systems’ extended warranty. Use of estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Principles of consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), and C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), wholly-owned subsidiaries of RF Industries, Ltd. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Cash equivalents The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Revenue recognition On November 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), (“ASC 606”) applying the modified retrospective method. The core principle of ASC 606 is that revenue should be recorded in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for goods or services promised to customers. Under ASC 606, the Company follows a five-step model to: (1) identify the contract with our customer; (2) identify our performance obligations in our contract; (3) determine the transaction price for our contract; (4) allocate the transaction price to our performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this accounting principle, the Company recognizes revenue using the output method at a point in time when finished goods have been transferred to the customer and there are no other obligations to customers after the title of the goods have transferred. Title of goods are transferred based on shipping terms for each customer – for shipments with terms of FOB Shipping Point, title is transferred upon shipment; for shipments with terms of FOB Destination, title is transferred upon delivery. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the weighted average cost of accounting. Cost includes materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand, future purchase commitments with our suppliers, and the estimated utility of our inventory. If our review indicates a reduction in utility below carrying value due to damage, physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels, or other causes, we reduce our inventory to a new cost basis through a charge to cost of sales in the period in which it occurs. The determination of market value and the estimated volume of demand used in the lower of cost or market analysis requires significant judgment. Property and equipment Equipment, tooling and furniture are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives (generally 3 to 5 years) using the straight-line method. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations in the period incurred. Goodwill Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to impairment analysis at least once annually, which the Company performs in October, or more frequently upon the occurrence of an event or when circumstances indicate that a reporting unit’s carrying amount is greater than its fair value. We assess whether a goodwill impairment exists using both qualitative and quantitative assessments at the reporting level. Our qualitative assessment involves determining whether events or circumstances exist that indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If based on this qualitative assessment we determine it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we will not perform a quantitative assessment. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount or if we elect not to perform a qualitative assessment, we perform a quantitative assessment, or two-step impairment test, to determine whether a goodwill impairment exists at the reporting unit. The first step in our quantitative assessment identifies potential impairments by comparing the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill (“Step 1”). If the carrying value exceeds estimated fair value, there is an indication of potential impairment and the second step is performed to measure the amount of impairment (“Step 2”). No instances of goodwill impairment were identified as of October 31, 2019 and 2018. On June 15, 2011, the Company completed its acquisition of Cables Unlimited. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Cables Unlimited reporting unit. As of May 19, 2015, the Company completed its acquisition of the CompPro product line. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the RF Connector and Cable Assembly Division. Effective June 1, 2015, the Company completed its acquisition of Rel-Tech. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Rel-Tech reporting unit. On March 15, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of C Enterprises; however, no goodwill resulted from this transaction. Long-lived assets The Company assesses property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, which are considered definite-lived assets for impairment. Definite-lived assets are reviewed when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company measures recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If property and equipment and intangible assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair market value. The Company has made no material adjustments to our long-lived assets in any of the years presented. The Company amortizes its intangible assets with definite useful lives over their estimated useful lives and reviews these assets for impairment. In addition, the Company tests our trademarks and indefinite-lived asset for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that these assets may be impaired. No instances of impairment were identified as of October 31, 2019 or 2018. Fair value measurement The Company measures at fair value certain financial assets and liabilities. U.S. GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy: Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and Level 3— Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. As of October 31, 2019 and 2018, the carrying amounts reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximated their carrying value due to their short-term nature. Intangible assets Intangible assets consist of the following as of October 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Amortizable intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships (estimated lives 7 - 15 years) |  | $ | 2,879 |  | $ | 2,879
Accumulated amortization |  |  | (1,884) |  |  | (1,619)
|  |  | 995 |  |  | 1,260
Patents (estimated life 14 years) |  |  | 142 |  |  | 142
Accumulated amortization |  |  | (45) |  |  | (35)
|  |  | 97 |  |  | 107
Totals |  | $ | 1,092 |  | $ | 1,367
Non-amortizable intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks |  | $ | 657 |  | $ | 657
Amortization expense was $275,000 for the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018. The weighted-average amortization period for the amortizable intangible assets is 10.98 years. There was no impairment to trademarks for the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018. Estimated amortization expense related to finite lived intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):
Year ending |  |  |
October 31, |  | Amount
2020 |  | $ | 275
2021 |  |  | 136
2022 |  |  | 89
2023 |  |  | 79
2024 |  |  | 79
Thereafter |  |  | 434
Total |  | $ | 1,092
Advertising The Company expenses the cost of advertising and promotions as incurred. Advertising costs charged to operations were approximately $231,000 and $236,000 in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Research and development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The Company’s research and development expenses relate to its engineering activities, which consist of the design and development of new products for specific customers, as well as the design and engineering of new or redesigned products for the industry in general. During the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $1,468,000 and $1,480,000 in engineering expenses, respectively. Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, based on the income tax laws and rates in the jurisdictions in which operations are conducted and income is earned. This approach requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Developing the provision (benefit) for income taxes requires significant judgment and expertise in federal, international and state income tax laws, regulations and strategies, including the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities and, if necessary, any valuation allowances that may be required for deferred tax assets. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Management’s judgments and tax strategies are subject to audit by various taxing authorities. The Company had adopted the provisions of ASC 740‑10, which clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions. ASC 740‑10 requires that the Company recognize the impact of a tax position in the financial statements if the position is not more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. The Company’s recognizes interest and penalties related to certain uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense and the accrued interest and penalties are included in deferred and income taxes payable in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. See Note 9 for more information on the Company’s accounting for uncertain tax positions. Stock options For stock option grants to employees, the Company recognizes compensation expense based on the estimated fair value of the options at the date of grant. Stock-based employee compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company issues previously unissued common shares upon the exercise of stock options. For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, charges related to stock-based compensation amounted to approximately $317,000 and $211,000, respectively. For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, all stock-based compensation is classified in selling and general and engineering expense. Earnings per share Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The calculation of diluted earnings per share is similar to that of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all potentially dilutive common shares, principally those issuable upon the exercise of stock options, were issued and the treasury stock method had been applied during the period. The greatest number of shares potentially issuable by the Company upon the exercise of stock options in any period for the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, that were not included in the computation because they were anti-dilutive, totaled 124,097 and 133,220, respectively. The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Numerators: |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated net income (A) |  | $ | 3,521,000 |  | $ | 5,846,000
Denominators: |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share (B) |  |  | 9,358,836 |  |  | 9,105,406
Add effects of potentially dilutive securities - assumed exercise of stock options |  |  | 495,768 |  |  | 487,660
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share (C) |  |  | 9,854,604 |  |  | 9,593,066
Basic earnings per share (A)/(B) |  | $ | 0.38 |  | $ | 0.64
Diluted earnings per share (A)/(C) |  | $ | 0.36 |  | $ | 0.61
Recent accounting standards Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted: In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases. This ASU requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for those leases classified as operating leases under the current GAAP. Recognition of these assets and liabilities will have a material impact to our consolidated balance sheets upon adoption. Under ASU 2016-02, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach, which includes a number of optional practical expedients. We adopted the standard as of November 1, 2019, the beginning of our fiscal 2020. We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance with the new standard, which among other things, allows us to carryforward the historical lease classification. We elected the policy which allows us to combine the nonlease components with its related lease components rather than separating, and the policy election to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. We will recognize those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We estimate that the adoption of the standard will result in recognition of additional right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of approximately $2.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively, as of November 1, 2019. We do not believe the standard will materially affect our consolidated net earnings, nor do we believe the new standard will have a notable impact on our liquidity. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017‑04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, if “the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.” The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements. Recently issued accounting pronouncements adopted: In May 2014, the FASB issued ASC 606. This guidance superseded Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, in addition to other industry-specific guidance. The new standard requires a company to recognize revenue in a manner that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date, as a revision to ASU 2014-09, which revised the effective date to fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption was permitted but not prior to periods beginning after December 15, 2016 (i.e., the original adoption date per ASU 2014-09). In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations, which clarifies certain aspects of the principal-versus-agent guidance, including how an entity should identify the unit of accounting for the principal versus agent evaluation and how it should apply the control principle to certain types of arrangements, such as service transactions. The amendments also reframe the indicators to focus on evidence that an entity is acting as a principal rather than as an agent. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which clarifies how an entity should evaluate the nature of its promise in granting a license of intellectual property, which will determine whether it recognizes revenue over time or at a point in time. The amendments also clarify when a promised good or service is separately identifiable (i.e., distinct within the context of the contract) and allow entities to disregard items that are immaterial in the context of a contract. On November 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 applying the modified retrospective method. The Company has performed a review of ASC 606 as compared to its previous accounting policies for our product revenue and did not identify any material impact to revenue recognized. Therefore, there was no adjustment to retained earnings for a cumulative effect. The necessary changes to business processes and controls to effectively review and account for any new contracts under this standard have been implemented.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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