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Stock options (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2019
Stock options  
Computation of Weighted Average Fair Value of Employee Stock Options using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model Assumptions

The fair value of each option granted in 2019 and 2018 was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

2019

    

2018

 

Weighted average volatility

 

 

55.42

%  

 

46.83

%

Expected dividends

 

 

0.98

%  

 

3.28

%

Expected term (in years)

 

 

5.9

 

 

4.5

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

 

2.86

%  

 

1.87

%

Weighted average fair value of options granted during the year

 

$

3.98

 

$

0.82

 

Weighted average fair value of options vested during the year

 

$

6.03

 

$

2.64

 

 

Summary of Status of Options Granted under Stock Option Plans and Changes in Options Outstanding

Additional information regarding all of the Company’s outstanding stock options at October 31, 2019 and 2018 and changes in outstanding stock options in 2019 and 2018 follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

2019

    

2018

 

 

Shares or

 

Weighted

 

Shares or

 

Weighted

 

 

Price Per

 

Average

 

Price Per

 

Average

 

    

Share

    

Exercise Price

    

Share

    

Exercise Price

Outstanding at beginning of year

 

 

942,366

 

$

3.09

 

 

1,159,771

 

$

3.19

Options granted

 

 

124,097

 

$

8.16

 

 

269,635

 

$

2.44

Options exercised

 

 

(171,066)

 

$

3.86

 

 

(418,955)

 

$

2.66

Options canceled or expired

 

 

(5,250)

 

$

6.82

 

 

(68,085)

 

$

4.98

Options outstanding at end of year

 

 

890,147

 

$

3.62

 

 

942,366

 

$

3.09

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options exercisable at end of year

 

 

599,981

 

$

3.25

 

 

675,033

 

$

3.01

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options vested and expected to vest at end of year

 

 

889,088

 

$

3.63

 

 

940,144

 

$

3.09

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Option price range at end of year

 

 

$1.90 - $8.69

 

 

 —

 

 

$1.90 - $5.88

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during year

 

$

317,827

 

 

 —

 

$

1,207,148